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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds"

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Abdelaziz, Ahmed G., Hassan Nageh, Sara M. Abdo, Mohga S. Abdalla, Asmaa A. Amer, Abdalla Abdal-hay, and Ahmed Barhoum. "A Review of 3D Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Principles, Fabrication Techniques, Immunomodulatory Roles, and Challenges." Bioengineering 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020204.

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Over the last few years, biopolymers have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the great diversity of their chemical, mechanical, and physical properties for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds. This review is devoted to recent advances in synthetic and natural polymeric 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) and regenerative therapies. The review comprehensively discusses the implications of biological macromolecules, structure, and composition of polymeric scaffolds used in BTE. Various approaches to fabricating 3D BTE scaffolds are discussed, including solvent casting and particle leaching, freeze-drying, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, electrospinning, and sol–gel techniques. Rapid prototyping technologies such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, and 3D bioprinting are also covered. The immunomodulatory roles of polymeric scaffolds utilized for BTE applications are discussed. In addition, the features and challenges of 3D polymer scaffolds fabricated using advanced additive manufacturing technologies (rapid prototyping) are addressed and compared to conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. Finally, the challenges of applying scaffold-based BTE treatments in practice are discussed in-depth.

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Kotrotsos, Athanasios, Prokopis Yiallouros, and Vassilis Kostopoulos. "Fabrication and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Electrospun Scaffolds Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles." Biomimetics 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5030043.

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The solution electrospinning process (SEP) is a cost-effective technique in which a wide range of polymeric materials can be electrospun. Electrospun materials can also be easily modified during the solution preparation process (prior SEP). Based on this, the aim of the current work is the fabrication and nanomodification of scaffolds using SEP, and the investigation of their porosity and physical and mechanical properties. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) was selected for scaffold fabrication, and further modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles. After fabrication, porosity calculation and physical and mechanical characterization for all scaffold types were conducted. More precisely, the morphology of the fibers (in terms of fiber diameter), the surface properties (in terms of contact angle) and the mechanical properties under the tensile mode of the fabricated scaffolds have been investigated and further compared against pristine PLA scaffolds (without nanofillers). Finally, the scaffold with the optimal properties was proposed as the candidate material for potential future cell culturing.

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Dhandayuthapani, Brahatheeswaran, Yasuhiko Yoshida, Toru Maekawa, and D. Sakthi Kumar. "Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Application: A Review." International Journal of Polymer Science 2011 (2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/290602.

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Current strategies of regenerative medicine are focused on the restoration of pathologically altered tissue architectures by transplantation of cells in combination with supportive scaffolds and biomolecules. In recent years, considerable interest has been given to biologically active scaffolds which are based on similar analogs of the extracellular matrix that have induced synthesis of tissues and organs. To restore function or regenerate tissue, a scaffold is necessary that will act as a temporary matrix for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent ingrowth until the tissues are totally restored or regenerated. Scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering such as bone, cartilage, ligament, skin, vascular tissues, neural tissues, and skeletal muscle and as vehicle for the controlled delivery of drugs, proteins, and DNA. Various technologies come together to construct porous scaffolds to regenerate the tissues/organs and also for controlled and targeted release of bioactive agents in tissue engineering applications. In this paper, an overview of the different types of scaffolds with their material properties is discussed. The fabrication technologies for tissue engineering scaffolds, including the basic and conventional techniques to the more recent ones, are tabulated.

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Tan, K. H., C. K. Chua, K. F. Leong, M. W. Naing, and C. M. Cheah. "Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional poly(ether-ether-ketone)/-hydroxyapatite biocomposite scaffolds using laser sintering." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 219, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441105x9345.

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The ability to have precise control over porosity, scaffold shape, and internal pore architecture is critical in tissue engineering. For anchorage-dependent cells, the presence of three-dimensional scaffolds with interconnected pore networks is crucial to aid in the proliferation and reorganization of cells. This research explored the potential of rapid prototyping techniques such as selective laser sintering to fabricate solvent-free porous composite polymeric scaffolds comprising of different blends of poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The architecture of the scaffolds was created with a scaffold library of cellular units and a corresponding algorithm to generate the structure. Test specimens were produced and characterized by varying the weight percentage, starting with 10 wt% HA to 40 wt% HA, of physically mixed PEEK-HA powder blends. Characterization analyses including porosity, microstructure, composition of the scaffolds, bioactivity, and in vitro cell viability of the scaffolds were conducted. The results obtained showed a promising approach in fabricating scaffolds which can produce controlled microarchitecture and higher consistency.

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Wang, Pei-Jiang, Nicola Ferralis, Claire Conway, Jeffrey C. Grossman, and Elazer R. Edelman. "Strain-induced accelerated asymmetric spatial degradation of polymeric vascular scaffolds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 11 (February 26, 2018): 2640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716420115.

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Polymer-based bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) seek to eliminate long-term complications of metal stents. However, current BRS designs bear substantially higher incidence of clinical failures, especially thrombosis, compared with metal stents. Research strategies inherited from metal stents fail to consider polymer microstructures and dynamics––issues critical to BRS. Using Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate microstructural heterogeneities within polymeric scaffolds arising from integrated strain during fabrication and implantation. Stress generated from crimping and inflation causes loss of structural integrity even before chemical degradation, and the induced differences in crystallinity and polymer alignment across scaffolds lead to faster degradation in scaffold cores than on the surface, which further enlarge localized deformation. We postulate that these structural irregularities and asymmetric material degradation present a response to strain and thereby clinical performance different from metal stents. Unlike metal stents which stay patent and intact until catastrophic fracture, BRS exhibit loss of structural integrity almost immediately upon crimping and expansion. Irregularities in microstructure amplify these effects and can have profound clinical implications. Therefore, polymer microstructure should be considered in earliest design stages of resorbable devices, and fabrication processes must be well-designed with microscopic perspective.

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Ito, Masashi, and Masami Okamoto. "Structure and properties of 3D resorbable scaffolds based on poly(L-lactide) via salt-leaching combined with phase separation." International Journal of Hydrology 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2023): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2023.07.00341.

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In tissue engineering, polymer-based scaffolds play an important role via cell adhesion, proliferation, and tissue regeneration in three-dimensional (3D) structures, exhibiting great potential in a variety of tissues. For fabrication of scaffolds, the particulate-leaching method and thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) are popular procedures. However, a complete interconnectivity of the porous structure has not been ensured. We have prepared PLLA-based 3D scaffolds with high porosity by the combination of TIPS with NaCl salt-leaching technique. Interconnectivity and cellular infiltration were improved by humidity treatment in the preparation of the scaffolds. By optimization of the parameters of scaffold pore morphologies and cellular penetration, potent 3D resorbable polymeric scaffolds using combinatory method was demonstrated.

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Bikuna-Izagirre, Maria, Javier Aldazabal, and Jacobo Paredes. "Gelatin Blends Enhance Performance of Electrospun Polymeric Scaffolds in Comparison to Coating Protocols." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071311.

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The electrospinning of hybrid polymers is a versatile fabrication technique which takes advantage of the biological properties of natural polymers and the mechanical properties of synthetic polymers. However, the literature is scarce when it comes to comparisons of blends regarding coatings and the improvements offered thereby in terms of cellular performance. To address this, in the present study, nanofibrous electrospun scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL), their coating and their blend with gelatin were compared. The morphology of nanofibrous scaffolds was analyzed under field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), indicating the influence of the presence of gelatin. The scaffolds were mechanically tested with tensile tests; PCL and PCL gelatin coated scaffolds showed higher elastic moduli than PCL/gelatin meshes. Viability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) was evaluated by MTT assay, and cell proliferation on the scaffold was confirmed by fluorescence staining. The positive results of the MTT assay and cell growth indicated that the scaffolds of PCL/gelatin excelled in comparison to other scaffolds, and may serve as good candidates for tissue engineering applications.

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Scaffaro, Roberto, Francesco Lopresti, Andrea Maio, Fiorenza Sutera, and Luigi Botta. "Development of Polymeric Functionally Graded Scaffolds: A Brief Review." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 15, no. 2 (December 16, 2016): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000332.

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Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in multilayer scaffolds fabrication approaches. In fact, functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) provide biological and mechanical functions potentially similar to those of native tissues. Based on the final application of the scaffold, there are different properties (physical, mechanical, biochemical, etc.) which need to gradually change in space. Therefore, a number of different technologies have been investigated, and often combined, to customize each region of the scaffolds as much as possible, aiming at achieving the best regenerative performance. In general, FGSs can be categorized as bilayered or multilayered, depending on the number of layers in the whole structure. In other cases, scaffolds are characterized by a continuous gradient of 1 or more specific properties that cannot be related to the presence of clearly distinguished layers. Since each traditional approach presents peculiar advantages and disadvantages, FGSs are good candidates to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In contrast to the reviews reported in the literature, which usually focus on the application of FGS, this brief review provides an overview of the most common strategies adopted to prepare FGS.

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Ratheesh, Greeshma, Jayarama Reddy Venugopal, Amutha Chinappan, Hariharan Ezhilarasu, Asif Sadiq, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "3D Fabrication of Polymeric Scaffolds for Regenerative Therapy." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 3, no. 7 (January 5, 2017): 1175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00370.

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Li, Jia Shen, Yi Li, Lin Li, Arthur F. T. Mak, Frank Ko, and Ling Qin. "Fabrication of Poly(L-Latic Acid) Scaffolds with Wool Keratin for Osteoblast Cultivation." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.845.

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As a natural protein, wool keratin was used to improve the cell affinity of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). Small keratin particles were prepared from keratin solution by the spray-drying process. Keratin particles were blended with PLLA/1,4 dioxane solution and paraffin micro-spheres which were used as progens. After the mixture was molded and dried, the paraffin micro-spheres were removed by cyclohexane. PLLA/keratin scaffolds with controlled pore size and well interconnectivity were fabricated. Keratin releasing rate was detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) after the scaffold was immersed into PBS up to 4 weeks. The surface chemical structure was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). The results suggested that the keratin could be held into the scaffold which was expected to improve the interactions between osteoblasts and the polymeric scaffolds.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds"

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Akbarzadeh, Rosa. "Developing Hierarchical Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1376962498.

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Minton, Joshua A. "Design, Fabrication, and Analysis of Polymer Scaffolds for Use in Bonce Tissue Engineering." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1377002320.

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Li, Shan. "AMINO ACID-BASED POLYMERIC SCAFFOLD FABRICATION AND MODIFICATION FOR BONE REGENERATION APPLICATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1524792119666267.

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Sultana, Naznin. "Fabrication of PHBV and PHBV-based composite tissue engineering scaffolds through the emulsion freezing/freeze-drying process andevaluation of the scaffolds." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43703665.

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Sultana, Naznin. "Fabrication of PHBV and PHBV-based composite tissue engineering scaffolds through the emulsion freezing/freeze-drying process and evaluation of the scaffolds." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43703665.

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Tollon, Michael H. "Fabrication of coated biodegradable polymer scaffolds and their effects on murine embryonic stem cells." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010286.

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Mohamad, Yunos Darmawati. "Fabrication and characterisation of 3-D porous bioactive glass-ceramic/polymer composite scaffolds for tissue engineering." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6034.

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Designing tissue engineering scaffolds with the required mechanical properties and favourable microstructure to promote cell attachment, growth and new tissue formation is one of the key challenges in the tissue engineering field. An important class of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is based on bioceramics and bioactive glasses. The primary disadvantage of these materials is their low fracture resistance under load and their high brittleness. These drawbacks are exacerbated by the fact that optimal scaffolds must be highly porous (>90% porosity). As a main focus of this thesis, a novel approach was investigated to enhance the structural integrity, fracture strength and toughness of partially sintered 45S5 Bioglass® based glass-ceramic scaffolds by polymer infiltration and to develop an understanding of the interaction of these two phases in the final composite structure. Commercially available synthetic poly(D,L-Lactic acid) (PDLLA) was incorporated as a coating onto the partially sintered Bioglass® based scaffolds by dipping technique. Two natural polymers synthesised from bacteria, which exhibit different properties to those of PDLLA, were also investigated: i.e. poly(3-hydroxybutryate) (P(3HB)) and poly(3- hydroxyoctanoate) (P(3HO)). The work of fracture of partially sintered 45S5 Bioglass® scaffolds was significantly improved by forming interpenetrating polymerbioceramic microstructures which mimic the composite structure of bone. It was demonstrated that coating with polymers such as PDLLA, P(3HB) and P(3HO) does not impede the bioactivity of the scaffolds but the extent of bioactivity, given by the kinetic of HA formation, was seen to depend on polymer type and on scaffold sintering conditions. Polymer coated 45S5 Bioglass® pellets sintered at the same condition as the scaffolds and immersed in SBF were investigated to better evaluate the bioactivity mechanism and interfacial properties of the materials. It was demonstrated that polymer coated 45S5 Bioglass® based glass-ceramic scaffolds can have higher bioactivity and improved fracture toughness when the basic scaffold structure is sintered at relative lower sintering temperatures leaving residual open porosity which can be efficiently infiltrated by the polymer. A bilayered scaffold structure was also designed and fabricated to develop for the first time a porous bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold coated with PDLLA nanofibers. Electrospinning was used to deposit a PDLLA fibrous layer on top of the bioactive glass scaffold. These scaffolds were developed for osteochondral tissue engineering applications. SBF studies showed that the extent of mineralisation of the PDLLA fibres depended on the fibrous mesh thickness. PDLLA fibres deposited for 2 hours did not mineralise when immersed for 7, 14 and 28 days in SBF making the structure suitable for osteochondral defect applications. Initial in vitro cell response studies showed that the bilayered scaffolds were non toxic and chondrocyte cells were able to proliferate on the PDLLA fibre layers, demonstrating the potential of the novel scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering.

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Caves, Jeffrey Morris. "Architecturally defined scaffolds from synthetic collagen and elastin analogues for the fabrication of bioengineered tissues." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31731.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Elliot L. Chaikof; Committee Member: Ajit Yoganathan; Committee Member: Larry McIntire; Committee Member: Marc Levenston; Committee Member: Mark Allen. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Xie, Sibai. "Characterization and Fabrication of Scaffold Materials for Tissue Engineering." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1366303111.

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Gumera, Christiane Bacolor. "New materials and scaffold fabrication method for nerve tissue engineering." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28212.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Wang, Yadong; Committee Member: Bao, Gang; Committee Member: Bellamkonda, Ravi; Committee Member: Boyan, Barbara; Committee Member: Chaikof, Elliot; Committee Member: Meredith, J. Carson.

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Books on the topic "Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds"

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Gualandi, Chiara. Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19272-2.

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Gualandi, Chiara. Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Gilson, Khang, Kim Moon Suk, and Lee Hai Bang, eds. A manual for biomaterials: Scaffold fabrication technology. Singapore: World Scientific, 2007.

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Lengsfeld, Hauke. Composite technology: Prepregs and monolithic part fabrication technologies. Munich: Hanser Publications, 2015.

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Riaz, Ufana. Nanostructured conducting polymers and their nanocomposites: Classification, properties, fabrication, and applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Riaz, Ufana. Nanostructured conducting polymers and their nanocomposites: Classification, properties, fabrication, and applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Processing and properties of fiber reinforced polymeric matrix composites: I.IM7/LARC(TM)-PETI-7 polyimide composites. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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8

Chattopadhyay, Dipankar, and Beauty Das. Design, Characterization and Fabrication of Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2023.

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Hall, Christopher. Materials: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199672677.001.0001.

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The study of materials and their properties forms a major area of research that supports innovation and technology. Using modern scientific techniques, material scientists can explore and manipulate materials, and create new materials with remarkable properties. For example, material scientists now have the possibility of creating new materials that: combine hardness with flexibility; have the ability to store digital data; that can respond to their environment; and that can be scaffolds for the growth of new biological tissue. Materials: A Very Short Introduction begins with gold, sand, and string—representing the families of metals, ceramics, and polymers—and considers the properties and processes involved in their fabrication into objects, to show how materials science brings together engineering and technology with physics, chemistry, and biology.

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Gualandi, Chiara. Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Springer, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds"

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Sultana, Naznin. "Fabrication Techniques and Properties of Scaffolds." In Biodegradable Polymer-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering, 19–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34802-0_2.

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Sultana, Naznin, Mohd Izzat Hassan, and Mim Mim Lim. "Fabrication of Polymer and Composite Scaffolds Using Electrospinning Techniques." In Composite Synthetic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 25–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09755-8_3.

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Sultana, Naznin, Mohd Izzat Hassan, and Mim Mim Lim. "Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer and Composite Scaffolds Using Freeze-Drying Technique." In Composite Synthetic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 45–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09755-8_4.

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Farkhondehnia, Houra, Mohammad Amani Tehran, and Fatemeh Zamani. "Fabrication of Biocompatible PLGA/PCL/PANI Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Electrical Excitability." In Eco-friendly and Smart Polymer Systems, 39–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45085-4_10.

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Sopyan, I., M. Mardziah, and Z. Ahmad. "Fabrication of Porous Ceramic Scaffolds via Polymeric Sponge Method Using Sol-Gel Derived Strontium Doped Hydroxyapatite Powder." In IFMBE Proceedings, 827–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21729-6_202.

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Shpichka, Anastasia, Anastasia Koroleva, Daria Kuznetsova, Ruslan I. Dmitriev, and Peter Timashev. "Fabrication and Handling of 3D Scaffolds Based on Polymers and Decellularized Tissues." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 71–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67358-5_5.

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Khosravi, Fatemeh, Saied Nouri Khorasani, Hamid Zilouei, and Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany. "Fabrication and Characterization of PCl/Gelatin/Forsterite Nanofibrous Scaffolds Used for Modification of the Implants." In Eco-friendly and Smart Polymer Systems, 79–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45085-4_20.

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Sahmani, Saeid, and Amirsalar Khandan. "Design of Bio-Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties for Bone Implantation: Fabrication, Characterization, and Simulation." In Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10614-0_22-1.

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Sahmani, Saeid, and Amirsalar Khandan. "Design of Bio-nanocomposite Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties for Bone Implantation: Fabrication, Characterization, and Simulation." In Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology, 709–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40513-7_22.

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Sultana, Naznin, and Min Wang. "Fabrication and Characterisation of Polymer and Composite Scaffolds Based on Polyhydroxybutyrate and Polyhydroxybutyrate-Co-Hydroxyvalerate." In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 1229–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.1229.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds"

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Rebaioli, Lara, Claudia Pagano, and Irene Fassi. "Fabrication of PLA/CNT Composite Scaffolds by Fused Deposition Modeling." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86097.

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The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology can be successfully used to manufacture biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for tissue reconstruction in case of critical size bone damages. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are able to mimic the extracellular matrix and their addition can improve the mechanical and electrical properties of polymers. In this way, the scaffolds are more likely to match the host bone properties and the cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation can be enhanced. In this paper scaffold-like specimens, manufactured by FDM technology, are tested to evaluate the conductivity increase in PLA/CNT composite compared to pure PLA (polylactid acid).

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Jabbari, Esmaiel, David N. Rocheleau, Weijie Xu, and Xuezhong He. "Fabrication of Biomimetic Scaffolds With Well-Defined Pore Geometry by Fused Deposition Modeling." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31011.

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It is well established that the pore size and distribution affect the rate of cell migration and the extent of extracellular matrix formation. The objective of this work was to develop a process for fabrication of biodegradable and shape-specific polymeric scaffolds with well-defined pore geometry, functionalized with covalently attached bioactive peptides, for applications in tissue regeneration. We have used the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) RP technology to fabricate degradable and functional scaffolds with well-defined pore geometry. Computer aided design (CAD) using SolidWorks was used to create models of the cubic orthogonal geometry. The models were used to create the machine codes necessary to build the scaffolds with FDM with wax as the build material. A novel biodegradable in-situ crosslinkable macromer, poly(lactide-co-glycolide fumarate) or PLGF, mixed with reactive functional peptides was infused in the scaffold and allowed to crosslink. The scaffold was then immersed in a hydrocarbon solvent to remove the wax, leaving just the PLGF behind as the support material dissolved. The pore morphology of the PLGF scaffold was imaged with micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Cellular function in the PLFG scaffolds with well-defined pore geometry was studied with bone marrow stromal cells isolated from rats. Results demonstrate that the scaffolds support homogeneous formation of mineralized tissue.

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Kramschuster, Adam, Lih-Sheng Turng, Wan-Ju Li, Yiyan Peng, and Jun Peng. "The Effect of Nano Hydroxyapatite Particles on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Microcellular Injection Molded Polylactide/Hydroxyapatite Tissue Scaffold." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13290.

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The current large demands for transplant organs and tissues has led to extensive research on material synthesis and fabrication methods for biodegradable polymeric scaffolds, which are required to have high porosity, well interconnected pore structure, and good mechanical properties. However, the majority of current scaffold fabrication techniques are either for batch processes or use organic solvents, which can be detrimental to cell survival and tissue growth. The ability to mass produce solvent-free, highly porous, highly interconnected scaffolds with complex geometries is essential to provide off-the-shelf availability [1]. Injection molding has long been used for mass production of complex 3D plastic parts. The low-cost manufacturing, repeatability, and design flexibility inherent in the injection molding process make it an ideal manufacturing process to create 3D scaffolds, as long as high porosity and interconnectivity can be imparted into the finished product.

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Wang, Hai, and Wei Li. "Selective HIFU Foaming to Fabricate Porous Polymer for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21043.

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A novel technique is presented in this paper for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds using the High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU). This acoustic method is a solvent-free, highly efficient and low cost process that has the potential in scaffold-based tissue engineering. HIFU fabrication technique is capable of creating hierarchically-structured porous polymeric materials, which have various topographical features at different length scales. This will in turn affect the cellular response and behavior of certain type of cells, such as the integration and growth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In this study, the effect of HIFU porous polymer fabrication was investigated. Scanning-mode HIFU insonation was performed in the HIFU polymer foaming experiments. The acoustic power and the scanning speed were chosen as the parameters and varied in different groups of experiments. The created microstructures were characterized using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fabricated samples were used for cell culture studies with human aortic SMCs (Passage 4). It was found that the selective HIFU foaming process could be used to create hierarchical structures by choosing appropriate ultrasound parameters. The SMCs were viable on the HIFU-created porous PMMA specimens, and the topographical nature of a HIFU-created porous structure affected the cellular response of SMCs.

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Hamid, Qudus, Wei Sun, and Selc¸uk Gu¨c¸eri. "Precision Extrusion Deposition With Integrated Assisting Cooling to Fabricate 3D Scaffolds." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3804.

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As the field of Tissue Engineering advances to its ultimate goal of engineering a fully functional organ, there’s an increase need for enabling technologies and integrated system. Important roles in scaffold guided tissue engineering are the fabrication of extra-cellular matrices (ECM) that have the capabilities to maintain cell growth, cell attachment, and ability to form new tissues. Three-dimensional scaffolds often address multiple mechanical, biological and geometrical design constraints. With advances of technologies in the recent decades, Computer Aided Tissue Engineering (CATE) has much development in solid freeform fabrication (SFF) process, which includes but not limited to the fabrication of tissue scaffolds with precision control. Drexel University patented Precision Extrusion Deposition (PED) device uses computer aided motion and extrusion to precisely fabricate the internal and external architecture, porosity, pore size, and interconnectivity within the scaffold. The high printing resolution, precision, and controllability of the PED allows for closer mimicry of tissues and organs. Literatures have shown that some cells prefer scaffolds built from stiff material; stiff materials typically have a high melting point. Biopolymers with high melting points are difficult to manipulate to fabricate 3D scaffold. With the use of the PED and an integrated Assisting Cooling (AC) device; high melting points of biopolymer should no longer limit the fabrication of 3D scaffold. The AC device is mounted at the nozzle of the PED where the heat from the material delivery chamber of the PED has no influence on the AC fluid temperature. The AC has four cooling points, located north, south, east, and west; this allows for cooling in each direction of motion on a XY plane. AC uses but not limited to nitrogen, compressed air, and water to cool polymer filaments as it is extruded from the PED and builds scaffolds. Scaffolds fabricated from high melting point polymers that use this new integrated component to the PED should illustrate good mechanical properties, structural integrity, and precision of pore sizes and interconnectivity.

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Nain, Amrinder S., Eric Miller, Metin Sitti, Phil Campbell, and Cristina Amon. "Fabrication of Single and Multi-Layer Fibrous Biomaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67964.

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For regenerative medicine applications, we need to expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which nature assembles and functionalizes specialized complex tissues to form a complete organism. The first step towards this goal involves understanding the underlying complex mechanisms of highly organized behavior spanning not only diverse scientific fields, but also nano, micro and macro length-scales. For example, an engineered fibrous biomaterial scaffold possessing the hierarchal spatial properties of a native extracellular matrix (ECM) can serve as a building block upon which living cells are seeded for repair or regeneration. The hierarchical nature of ECM along with the inherent topological constraints of fiber diameter, fiber spacing, multi-layer configurations provide different pathways for living cells to adapt and conform to the surrounding environment. Our previously developed Spinneret based Tunable Engineered Parameters (STEP) technique to deposit biomaterial scaffolds in aligned configurations has been used for the first time to deposit single and multi-layer biological scaffolds of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a very well established tissue engineering scaffold material, as it improves cellular interactions and allows scaffold remodeling compared to synthetic polymers. Current state-of-the-art fiber deposition techniques lack the ability to fabricate scaffolds of desired fiber dimensions and orientations and in this study we present fabrication and aligned deposition of fibrinogen fiber arrays with diameters ranging from sub-200 nm to sub-microns and several millimeters in length. The fabricated scaffolds are then cultured with pluripotent mouse C2C12 cells for seven days and cells on the scaffolds are observed to elongate resembling myotube morphology along the fiber axis, spread along intersecting layers and fuse into bundles at the macroscale. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to deposit poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Polystyrene (PS) biomaterial scaffolds of different diameters to investigate the effects of topological variations on cellular adhesion, proliferation and migration. Previous studies have indicated cells making right angle transitions upon encountering perpendicular double layer fibers and cellular motion is thwarted in the vicinity of diverging fibers. Current ongoing studies are aimed at determining the effects of fiber diameter and fiber spacing on mouse C2C12 cellular adhesion and migration, which are envisioned to aid in the design of future scaffolds for tissue engineering possessing appropriate material and geometrical properties.

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Quigley, Connor, and Md Ahasan Habib. "3D Co-Printability of PCL and Hybrid Hydrogels." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85685.

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Abstract 3D bioprinting has recently gained popularity due to its inherent capability of releasing cell-seeded and cell-laden biomaterials in a defined location to fabricate patient-specific scaffolds. Multi-nozzle extrusion-based 3D bio-printing allows the fabrication of various natural and synthetic biopolymers and the investigations of material to material and cell to material interactions, and eventually with a high percentage of cell viability and proliferation. Although natural hydrogels are demanding candidates for bio-printing because of their biocompatibility and high-water content, ensuring the scaffold’s fidelity with only natural hydrogel polymers is still challenging. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a potential synthetic bioprinting material that can provide improved mechanical properties for fabricated scaffolds, especially bone and cartilage scaffolds. In this paper, application-oriented structural viability such as 3D printability, shape fidelity, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds fabricated by PCL and other natural hydrogel materials will be investigated. Scaffolds will be fabricated using various natural hybrid hydrogels such as Alginate-Carboxymethyl Cellulose; Alginate-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-TEMPO NFC, and PCL simultaneously using various infill densities, applied pressures, print speeds, and toolpath patterns. Shape fidelities of printed scaffolds will be analyzed. This research can help identify optimum natural-synthetic polymer combinations based on the materials interaction, external and internal geometries, and mechanical properties for large-scale multi-material bio fabrication.

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Tourlomousis, Filippos, Houzhu Ding, Antonio Dole, and Robert C. Chang. "Towards Resolution Enhancement and Process Repeatability With a Melt Electrospinning Writing Process: Design and Protocol Considerations." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8774.

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With recent advancements in the direct electrostatic printing of highly viscous thermoplastic polymers onto an automated collector, melt electrospinning writing technology (MEW) has shown great potential for addressing the fundamental effects of an engineered scaffold’s dimensional parameters (e.g. fiber diameter, apparent pore size, and pore shape) on cultured cell–scaffold interactions. The superior resolution obtainable with MEW compared to conventional extrusion-based 3D printing technologies and its ability for toolpath-controlled fiber printing can facilitate the creation of a complex cell microenvironment or niche. Such a cell niche would provide the microscale fiber diameter and pore size for a scaffold substrate to present dimensional cues that affect downstream cellular function. In this study, the authors present in detail the design of a custom MEW system that allows simultaneous thermal management in the material, spin-line, and collector regimes using a heat gun. The complex interplay of process and instrument-based parameters is clarified with respect to stable jet formation allowing the printing of scaffolds with various microstructural patterned cues and consistent fiber diameter in a reproducible manner. Current fabrication of high fidelity scaffolds requires that the ratio of inter-fiber distance to fiber diameter to be an approximate value of 10. Since this manufacturing challenge yields pore sizes that are prohibitively large for 3D cell culture studies, particular emphasis is given in this paper to address the underlying physical mechanisms that will enable the fabrication of pore sizes with MEW scaffolds at cellular-relevant fiber diameters (10 – 50 μm). The authors show that appropriate toolpath planning that takes into account the different modes of the process can improve the inter-fiber distance resolution and thus the scaffold’s apparent pore size.

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Kennedy, James P., and Robert W. Hitchcock. "Mechanically Enhanced Precipitation of Phase-Inversion Sprayed Polyurethane Scaffold May Be Used to Match Tissue Specific Anisotropy." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206632.

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Methods of creating a scaffold for tissue engineering that allow for modification of properties such as pore size, porosity, and anisotropy are essential for tissue engineering applications. For example the pore size and material anisotropy have been shown to affect cardiomyocyte elongation and alignment [1]. Phase-inversion spray polymerization (PISP) is a method for rapidly precipitating polymers onto a surface by depositing the polymer solution simultaneously with a nonsolvent, and may be used to create biocompatible scaffolds of engineered morphological and mechanical properties by varying the solubility of the polymer in the nonsolvent [2]. We report here on the fabrication of scaffolds using different nonsolvents and methods of in-process elongation that allow for control of stiffness, anisotropy ratio, porosity, and in vitro cell culture.

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Arora, Jassimran Kaur, and Pooja Bhati. "Fabrication and characterization of 3D printed PLA scaffolds." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY (PPS-35). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5142980.

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Reports on the topic "Fabrication of polymeric scaffolds"

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Chambers. PR-348-09602-R01 Determine New Design and Construction Techniques for Transportation of Ethanol. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010546.

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This report summarizes results of the research study titled, �Determine New Design and Construction Techniques for Transportation of Ethanol and Ethanol/Gasoline Blends in New Pipelines� (WP #394 / DTPH56-09-T-000003). It was prepared for the United States Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Office of Pipeline Safety. The technical tasks in this study included activities to characterize the impact of selected metallurgical processing and fabrication variables on ethanol stress corrosion cracking (ethanol SCC) of new pipeline steels, develop a better understanding of conditions that cause susceptibility to ethanol SCC in fuel grade ethanol (FGE) to support better monitoring and control, and develop data / insights to provide industry-recognized standards and guidelines to reduce the occurrence of ethanol SCC. This research was approached through a collaboration of Honeywell Process Solutions (Honeywell), the Edison Welding Institute (EWI), and Electricore Inc. (prime contractor) with oversight and co-funding by the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) and Colonial Pipeline. The program's tasks were as follows: Evaluation of Steel Microstructure Effect on Ethanol SCC Resistance Effects of Welding and Residual Stress Evaluation of Surface Treatment Effects Evaluate Effects of Pipe Manufacturing Process Specification of Polymeric Materials for New Construction Control and Monitoring of Oxygen Uptake Internal Corrosion Monitoring Standardization of SCC Test Methods Roadmap for Industry Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Pipeline Handling of FGE

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