Journal articles on the topic 'Fabrication additive (FDM)'
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1
Stöckli, Fritz, Fabio Modica, and Kristina Shea. "Designing passive dynamic walking robots for additive manufacture." Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, no. 5 (August 15, 2016): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2015-0170.
Abstract:
Purpose Ongoing research in computational design synthesis of passive dynamic systems aims to automatically generate robotic configurations based on a given task. However, an automated design-to-fabrication process also requires a flexible fabrication method. This paper aims to explore designing and fabricating passive dynamic walking robots and all necessary components using single-material fused deposition modeling (FDM). Being able to fabricate all components of a robot using FDM is a step toward the goal of automated design and fabrication of passive dynamic robots. Design/methodology/approach Two different configurations of passive dynamic walking robots are re-designed to be fabricated using FDM. Different robotic joint assemblies are designed and tested. To arrive at feasible solutions, a modular design approach is chosen and adjustability of components after printing is integrated in the design. Findings The suitability of FDM for printing passive dynamic robots is shown to depend heavily on the sensitivity of the configuration. For one robot configuration, all components are printed in one job and only little assembly is needed after printing. For the second robot configuration, which has a more sensitive gait, a metal bearing is found to increase the performance substantially. Originality/value Printable, monolithic mechatronic systems require multi-material printing, including electronics. In contrast, passive dynamic systems not only have the potential to save energy and component cost compared to actuated systems but can also be fabricated using single-material FDM as demonstrated in this paper.
2
Gutierrez, Cassie, Rudy Salas, Gustavo Hernandez, Dan Muse, Richard Olivas, Eric MacDonald, Michael D. Irwin, et al. "CubeSat Fabrication through Additive Manufacturing and Micro-Dispensing." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 001021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha4-paper3.
Abstract:
Fabricating entire systems with both electrical and mechanical content through on-demand 3D printing is the future for high value manufacturing. In this new paradigm, conformal and complex shapes with a diversity of materials in spatial gradients can be built layer-by-layer using hybrid Additive Manufacturing (AM). A design can be conceived in Computer Aided Design (CAD) and printed on-demand. This new integrated approach enables the fabrication of sophisticated electronics in mechanical structures by avoiding the restrictions of traditional fabrication techniques, which result in stiff, two dimensional printed circuit boards (PCB) fabricated using many disparate and wasteful processes. The integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) combined with Direct Print (DP) micro-dispensing and robotic pick-and-place for component placement can 1) provide the capability to print-on-demand fabrication, 2) enable the use of micron-resolution cavities for press fitting electronic components and 3) integrate conductive traces for electrical interconnect between components. The fabrication freedom introduced by AM techniques such as stereolithography (SL), ultrasonic consolidation (UC), and fused deposition modeling (FDM) have only recently been explored in the context of electronics integration and 3D packaging. This paper describes a process that provides a novel approach for the fabrication of stiff conformal structures with integrated electronics and describes a prototype demonstration: a volumetrically-efficient sensor and microcontroller subsystem scheduled to launch in a CubeSat designed with the CubeFlow methodology.
3
Georgopoulou, Antonia, Lukas Egloff, Bram Vanderborght, and Frank Clemens. "A Sensorized Soft Pneumatic Actuator Fabricated with Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing." Actuators 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10050102.
Abstract:
Soft pneumatic actuators with a channel network (pneu-net) based on thermoplastic elastomers are compatible with fused deposition modeling (FDM). However, conventional filament-based fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers are not well suited for thermoplastic elastomers with a shore hardness (Sh < 70A). Therefore, in this study, a pellet-based FDM printer was used to print pneumatic actuators with a shore hardness of Sh18A. Additionally, the method allowed the in situ integration of soft piezoresistive sensing elements during the fabrication. The integrated piezoresistive elements were based on conductive composites made of three different styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) thermoplastic elastomers, each with a carbon black (CB) filler with a ratio of 1:1. The best sensor behavior was achieved by the SEBS material with a shore hardness of Sh50A. The dynamic and quasi-static sensor behavior were investigated on SEBS strips with integrated piezoresistive sensor composite material, and the results were compared with TPU strips from a previous study. Finally, the piezoresistive composite was used for the FDM printing of soft pneumatic actuators with a shore hardness of 18 A. It is worth mentioning that 3 h were needed for the fabrication of the soft pneumatic actuator with an integrated strain sensing element. In comparison to classical mold casting method, this is faster, since curing post-processing is not required and will help the industrialization of pneumatic actuator-based soft robotics.
4
Cuan-Urquizo, Enrique, Mario Martínez-Magallanes, Saúl E. Crespo-Sánchez, Alfonso Gómez-Espinosa, Oscar Olvera-Silva, and Armando Roman-Flores. "Additive manufacturing and mechanical properties of lattice-curved structures." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2018-0286.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of the fabrication of circle arc curved-layered structures via conventional fused deposition modeling (FDM) with three-axis machines and to identify the main structural parameters that have an influence on their mechanical properties. Design/methodology/approach Customized G-codes were generated via a script developed in MATLAB. The G-codes contain nozzle trajectories with displacements in the three axes simultaneously. Using these, the samples were fabricated with different porosities, and their influence on the mechanical responses evaluated via tensile testing. The load-displacement curves were analyzed to understand the structure-property relationship. Findings Circled arc curved-layered structures were successfully fabricated with conventional three-axis FDM machines. The response of these curved lattice structures under tensile loads was mapped to three main stages and deformation mechanisms, namely, straightening, stretching and fracture. The micro-structure formed by the transverse filaments affect the first stage significantly and the other two minimally. The main parameters that affect the structural response were found to be the transverse filaments, as these could behave as hinges, allowing the slide/rotation of adjacent layers and making the structure more shear sensitive. Research limitations/implications This paper was restricted to arc-curved samples fabricated with conventional three-axis FDM machines. Originality/value The FDM fabrication of curved-structures with controlled porosity and their relation to the resulting mechanical properties is presented here for the first time. The study of curved-lattice structures is of great relevance in various areas, such as biomedical, architecture and aerospace.
5
Wang, Shushu, Rakshith Badarinath, El-Amine Lehtihet, and Vittaldas Prabhu. "Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Processes in Fabrication of Personalized Robot." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0029.
Abstract:
Customer participation in the design stage of creating personalized products is increasing. Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a popular enabler of personalization. In this study, we evaluate the fabrication of an open-source robot arm in terms of cost, build time, dimensional and locational accuracy, end-effector accuracy, and mechanical properties. The mechanical components of the table-top robot were fabricated using two different AM processes of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and material jetting (polymer jetting or PolyJet). A reduction of infill density by 50% in the FDM process slightly decreased the building time, material cost, and tensile strength, but induced a 95% reduction in yield strength. A simulation of the mechanical assembly using the CAD models for the robot and the expected tolerances of the components estimated the end-effector positioning accuracy as 0.01–0.22 mm. The 3D printed robot arm was redesigned and fabricated using the best evaluated process in this study.
6
T., Sathies, Senthil P., and Anoop M.S. "A review on advancements in applications of fused deposition modelling process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 4 (January 30, 2020): 669–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2018-0199.
Abstract:
Purpose Fabrication of customized products in low volume through conventional manufacturing incurs a high cost, longer processing time and huge material waste. Hence, the concept of additive manufacturing (AM) comes into existence and fused deposition modelling (FDM), is at the forefront of researches related to polymer-based additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research works carried on the applications of FDM. Design/methodology/approach In the present paper, an extensive review has been performed related to major application areas (such as a sensor, shielding, scaffolding, drug delivery devices, microfluidic devices, rapid tooling, four-dimensional printing, automotive and aerospace, prosthetics and orthosis, fashion and architecture) where FDM has been tested. Finally, a roadmap for future research work in the FDM application has been discussed. As an example for future research scope, a case study on the usage of FDM printed ABS-carbon black composite for solvent sensing is demonstrated. Findings The printability of composite filament through FDM enhanced its application range. Sensors developed using FDM incurs a low cost and produces a result comparable to those conventional techniques. EMI shielding manufactured by FDM is light and non-oxidative. Biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds of complex shapes are possible to manufacture by FDM. Further, FDM enables the fabrication of on-demand and customized prosthetics and orthosis. Tooling time and cost involved in the manufacturing of low volume customized products are reduced by FDM based rapid tooling technique. Results of the solvent sensing case study indicate that three-dimensional printed conductive polymer composites can sense different solvents. The sensors with a lower thickness (0.6 mm) exhibit better sensitivity. Originality/value This paper outlines the capabilities of FDM and provides information to the user about the different applications possible with FDM.
7
Hu, Xueling, Alix Marcelle Sansi Seukep, Velmurugan Senthooran, Lixin Wu, Lei Wang, Chen Zhang, and Jianlei Wang. "Progress of Polymer-Based Dielectric Composites Prepared Using Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing." Nanomaterials 13, no. 19 (October 6, 2023): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13192711.
Abstract:
Polymer-based dielectric composites are of great importance in advanced electronic industries and energy storage because of their high dielectric constant, good processability, low weight, and low dielectric loss. FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) is a greatly accessible additive manufacturing technology, which has a number of applications in the fabrication of RF components, but the unavoidable porosity in FDM 3D-printed materials, which affects the dielectric properties of the materials, and the difficulty of large-scale fabrication of composites by FDM limit its application scope. This study’s main focus is on how the matrix, filler, interface, and FDM 3D printing parameters influence the electrical properties of FDM-printed polymer-based dielectric composites. This review article starts with the fundamental theory of dielectrics. It is followed by a summary of the factors influencing dielectric properties in recent research developments, as well as a projection for the future development of FDM-prepared polymer-based dielectric composites. Finally, improving the comprehensive performance of dielectric composites is an important direction for future development.
8
Raju, Suresh. "Evaluating Impact of Different Parameters in Additive Manufacturing for Complex Situations." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (June 2, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35274.
Abstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as an effective method for fabricating parts with internal complex features. However, optimizing process parameters to achieve desired mechanical properties for such complex geometries remains a challenge. This research aims to systematically evaluate the influence of AM process parameters on the tensile strength of PLA plus specimens containing a rectangular channel integrated inside the gauge section. A Taguchi L9 orthogonal design of experiments was formulated with four control factors - printing temperature, layer height, wall line count and infill percentage. Tensile testing specimen of standard ASTM D638-Type I containing a rectangular channel of 1.5x5x50mm was printed on an FDM machine. Tensile testing determined the ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation as the response. Signal- to-noise ratio analysis revealed optimized levels as 210°C, 0.20mm, 3 wall lines and 100% infill. Tensile testing of specimens printed at these conditions yielded average UTS of 34.58 MPa. Adopting Taguchi methodology, this study aims to improve understanding of interplay between key AM parameters and mechanical properties for PLA plus specimens with complex internal geometry. Optimized settings aid quality fabrication of functionally graded parts with intricate designs using this sustainable FDM material. Statistical design of experiments serves as an efficient evaluation approach. Key Words: Additive Manufacturing, Fused Deposition Modelling, PLA, Tensile Test Specimen
9
Laban, Othman, Elsadig Mahdi, Samahat Samim, and John-John Cabibihan. "A Comparative Study between Polymer and Metal Additive Manufacturing Approaches in Investigating Stiffened Hexagonal Cells." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040883.
Abstract:
Recent polymer and metal additive manufacturing technologies were proven capable of building complex structures with high accuracy. Although their final products differ significantly in terms of mechanical properties and building cost, many structural optimization studies were performed with either one without systematic justification. Therefore, this study investigated whether the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) methodologies can provide similar conclusions when performing geometrical manipulations for optimizing structural crashworthiness. Two identical sets of four shapes of stiffened hexagonal cells were built and crushed under quasi-static loading. The results were compared in terms of collapsing behavior, load-carrying performance, and energy-absorption capability. Although the observed failure modes were different since the base-materials differ, similar improvement trends in performance were observed between both fabrication approaches. Therefore, FDM was recommended as a fabrication method to optimize thin-walled cellular hexagonal parameters since it was 80% more time-efficient and 53.6% cheaper than the DMLS technique.
10
Paterson, Abby Megan, Richard Bibb, R. Ian Campbell, and Guy Bingham. "Comparing additive manufacturing technologies for customised wrist splints." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 3 (April 20, 2015): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2013-0099.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare four different additive manufacturing (AM) processes to assess their suitability in the context of upper extremity splinting. Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes the design characteristics and subsequent fabrication of six different wrist splints using four different AM processes: laser sintering (LS), fused deposition modelling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA) and polyjet material jetting via Objet Connex. The suitability of each process was then compared against competing designs and processes from traditional splinting. The splints were created using a digital design workflow that combined recognised clinical best practice with design for AM principles. Findings – Research concluded that, based on currently available technology, FDM was considered the least suitable AM process for upper extremity splinting. LS, SLA and material jetting show promise for future applications, but further research and development into AM processes, materials and splint design optimisation is required if the full potential is to be realised. Originality/value – Unlike previous work that has applied AM processes to replicate traditional splint designs, the splints described are based on a digital design for AM workflow, incorporating novel features and physical properties not previously possible in clinical splinting. The benefits of AM for customised splint fabrication have been summarised. A range of AM processes have also been evaluated for splinting, exposing the limitations of existing technology, demonstrating novel and advantageous design features and opportunities for future research.
11
Prakash, Kode Jaya, and Shivraj Narayan Yeole. "Design and Additive Manufacturing of a Prototype Using Fused Deposition Modeling Technique." Journal of Mechatronics Machine Design and Manufacturing 6, no. 2 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jmmdm.2024.v06i02.001.
Abstract:
A screw jack is a tool for lifting heavy loads with little effort. In this paper, the design, model and fabrication of a Screw jack using 3D Printing Technology is discussed. Digital fabrication, or 3D printing or additive manufacturing, creates physical objects from a geometrical representation by successive addition of materials. In agriculture, health care, motor vehicles, locomotives and aviation, 3D Printing is increasingly being applied for mass customization or production for all types of open-source design. Design is an important industrial activity which influences the quality of the product. The parts of a screw jack are modelled by using the modelling software Creo Parametric. The CAD model of the screw jack is then converted into. STL (Standard Tessellation Language) format in which the 3D Printer receives the printing input. The STL files are then imported to modelling software to analyze mesh and rectify errors. The rectified STL files of parts of the screw jack are imported to Makerbot software, and parts are made ready for 3D Printing using Makerbot FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) 3D Printer. The parts printed in an FDM 3D printer are assembled based on the tolerances obtained, and the final prototype is fabricated.
12
Karimi, Armin, Davood Rahmatabadi, and Mostafa Baghani. "Various FDM Mechanisms Used in the Fabrication of Continuous-Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review." Polymers 16, no. 6 (March 18, 2024): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16060831.
Abstract:
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology that has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating 3D printed polymers. It has gained attention recently due to its ease of use, efficiency, low cost, and safety. However, 3D-printed FDM components lack sufficient strength compared to those made using conventional manufacturing methods. This low strength can be mainly attributed to high porosity and low sinterability of layers and then to the characteristics of the polymer used in the FDM process or the FDM process itself. Regarding polymer characteristics, there are two main types of reinforcing fibers: discontinuous (short) and continuous. Continuous-fiber reinforced composites are becoming popular in various industries due to their excellent mechanical properties. Since continuous reinforcing fibers have a more positive effect on increasing the strength of printed parts, this article focuses primarily on continuous long fibers. In addition to polymer characteristics, different mechanisms have been developed and introduced to address the issue of insufficient strength in 3D-printed FDM parts. This article comprehensively explains two main FDM mechanisms: in-situ fusion and ex-situ prepreg. It also provides relevant examples of these mechanisms using different reinforcing elements. Additionally, some other less frequently utilized mechanisms are discussed. Each mechanism has its own advantages and disadvantages, indicating that further development and modification are needed to increase the strength of 3D-printed FDM parts to be comparable to those produced using traditional methods.
13
Besnea, Daniel, Georgeta Ionascu, Mihai Avram, Lucian Bogatu, and Alina Spanu. "3D CAD, CAM and Rapid Prototyping Applied for Cam Fabrication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 658 (October 2014): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.658.553.
Abstract:
In this paper, a comparison between CNC manufacturing and Rapid Prototyping technology (FDM – Fused Deposition Modeling process), applied for a cam fabrication, is presented. In the products development area, a substantial support is offered by models, as intermediate between product configuration and technology design. The CAD/CAM/CNC technology is a widely used technique for creating prototypes, as well as production parts, using a subtractive type material-removal procedure from a semi-manufactured article. The rapid prototyping (RP) technologies are additive processes, where the part is built up layer by layer until done, directly from the 3D CAD model, within the precision limits of the chosen process. Similarities and differences between these two coexisting computer driven prototyping processes, the subtractive CNC 3 – axes milled part production and the additive RP/ FDM technique, are pointed out for a disk cam manufacturing as sample part.
14
Patterson, Albert E., Charul Chadha, and Iwona M. Jasiuk. "Identification and Mapping of Manufacturability Constraints for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5020033.
Abstract:
This article develops and demonstrates a set of design-focused manufacturability constraints for the fused deposition modeling/fused filament fabrication (FDM/FFF) process. These can be mapped from the basic behavior and process characteristics and formulated in terms of implicit or explicit design constraints. When the FDM/FFF process is explored and examined for its natural limitations and behavior, it can provide a set of manufacturing considerations (advantages, limitations, and best practices). These can be converted into manufacturing constraints, which are practical limits on the ability of the process. Finally, these can be formulated in terms of design–useful manufacturability constraints. Many of the constants and parameters must be determined experimentally for specific materials. The final list of 54 major manufacturability constraints presented in this work will better inform designers considering using FDM/FFF as a manufacturing process, and help guide design decisions. After derivation and presentation of the constraint set, extensive discussion about practical implementation is provided at the end of the paper, including advice about experimentally determining constants and appropriate printing parameters. Finally, three case studies are presented which implement the constraints for simple design problems.
15
Quiñonez, Paulina A., Leticia Ugarte-Sanchez, Diego Bermudez, Paulina Chinolla, Rhyan Dueck, Truman J. Cavender-Word, and David A. Roberson. "Design of Shape Memory Thermoplastic Material Systems for FDM-Type Additive Manufacturing." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 4254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154254.
Abstract:
The work presented here describes a paradigm for the design of materials for additive manufacturing platforms based on taking advantage of unique physical properties imparted upon the material by the fabrication process. We sought to further investigate past work with binary shape memory polymer blends, which indicated that phase texturization caused by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process enhanced shape memory properties. In this work, two multi-constituent shape memory polymer systems were developed where the miscibility parameter was the guide in material selection. A comparison with injection molded specimens was also carried out to further investigate the ability of the FFF process to enable enhanced shape memory characteristics as compared to other manufacturing methods. It was found that blend combinations with more closely matching miscibility parameters were more apt at yielding reliable shape memory polymer systems. However, when miscibility parameters differed, a pathway towards the creation of shape memory polymer systems capable of maintaining more than one temporary shape at a time was potentially realized. Additional aspects related to impact modifying of rigid thermoplastics as well as thermomechanical processing on induced crystallinity are also explored. Overall, this work serves as another example in the advancement of additive manufacturing via materials development.
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Ulkir, Osman, Mehmet Said Bayraklılar, and Melih Kuncan. "Raster Angle Prediction of Additive Manufacturing Process Using Machine Learning Algorithm." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (February 29, 2024): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052046.
Abstract:
As additive manufacturing (AM) processes become integrated with artificial intelligence systems, the time and cost of the fabrication process decrease. In this study, the raster angle, an important parameter in the manufacturing process, was examined using fused deposition modeling (FDM), an AM method. The optimal value of this parameter varies depending on the designed product geometry. By changing the raster angle, the distribution of stresses and strains within the printed object can be modified, potentially influencing the mechanical behavior of the object. Thus, the correct estimation of the raster angle is essential for obtaining parts with high mechanical properties. The focus of this study is to reduce the fabrication time and cost of products by intertwining machine learning (ML) systems with mechanical systems. Its novelty is that ML has never been applied for FDM raster angle estimation. The estimation and modeling of the raster angle were performed using five different ML algorithms. These algorithms include a support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian process regression (GPR), an artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree regression (DTR), and random forest regression (RFR). Data for training were generated using various shapes and geometries, then trained in the MATLAB software, and a prediction model between the input parameters and the raster angle was created. The predicted model was evaluated using five performance criteria. The RFR model predicts the raster angle in the FDM test data with R-squared (R2) = 0.92, an explained variance score (EVS) = 0.92, a mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.012, a root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.056, and a mean squared error (MSE) = 0.0032. These values are R2 = 0.93, EVS = 0.93, MAE = 0.010, RMSE = 0.051, and MSE0.0025 for the training data. RFR is significantly superior to the other prediction algorithms. The proposed model predicts the optimum raster angle for any geometry.
17
Jamal, Muhammad Azfar, Owaisur Rahman Shah, Usman Ghafoor, Yumna Qureshi, and M. Raheel Bhutta. "Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites via Fused Deposition Modelling: A Comprehensive Review." Polymers 16, no. 12 (June 7, 2024): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16121622.
Abstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM) has arisen as a transformative technology for manufacturing complex geometries with enhanced mechanical properties, particularly in the realm of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs). Among various AM techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM) stands out as a promising method for the fabrication of CFRPCs due to its versatility, ease of use, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Several research papers on the AM of CFRPs via FDM were summarized and therefore this review paper provides a critical examination of the process-printing parameters influencing the AM process, with a focus on their impact on mechanical properties. This review covers details of factors such as fiber orientation, layer thickness, nozzle diameter, fiber volume fraction, printing temperature, and infill design, extracted from the existing literature. Through a visual representation of the process parameters (printing and material) and properties (mechanical, physical, and thermal), this paper aims to separate out the optimal processing parameters that have been inferred from various research studies. Furthermore, this analysis critically evaluates the current state-of-the-art research, highlighting advancements, applications, filament production methods, challenges, and opportunities for further development in this field. In comparison to short fibers, continuous fiber filaments can render better strength; however, delamination issues persist. Various parameters affect the printing process differently, resulting in several limitations that need to be addressed. Signifying the relationship between printing parameters and mechanical properties is vital for optimizing CFRPC fabrication via FDM, enabling the realization of lightweight, high-strength components for various industrial applications.
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Abas, Muhammad, Mohammed Al Awadh, Tufail Habib, and Sahar Noor. "Analyzing Surface Roughness Variations in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Nylon Carbon Fiber Composites." Polymers 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2023): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173633.
Abstract:
In recent years, fused deposition modeling (FDM) based on material extrusion additive manufacturing technology has become widely accepted as a cost-effective method for fabricating engineering components with net-shapes. However, the limited exploration of the influence of FDM process parameters on surface roughness parameters, i.e., Ra (average surface roughness), Rq (root mean square surface roughness), and Rz (maximum height of the profile) across different sides (bottom, top, and walls) poses a challenge for the fabrication of functional parts. This research aims to bridge the knowledge gap by analyzing surface roughness under various process parameters and optimizing it for nylon carbon fiber printed parts. A definitive screening design (DSD) was employed for experimental runs. The Pareto chart highlighted the significant effects of layer height, part orientation, and infill density on all surface roughness parameters and respective sides. The surface morphology was analyzed through optical microscopy. Multi-response optimization was performed using an integrated approach of composited desirability function and entropy. The findings of the present study hold significant industrial applications, enhancing the quality and performance of 3D printed parts. From intricate prototypes to durable automotive components, the optimized surfaces contribute to production of functional and visually appealing products across various sectors.
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Olivas, Richard, Rudy Salas, Dan Muse, Eric MacDonald, Ryan Wicker, Mike Newton, and Ken Church. "Structural Electronics through Additive Manufacturing and Micro-Dispensing." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 000940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-tha5-paper6.
Abstract:
Implementing electronics systems that are conformal with curved and complex surfaces is difficult if not impossible with traditional fabrication techniques, which require stiff, two dimensional printed circuit boards (PCB). Flexible copper based fabrication is currently available commercially providing conformance, but not simultaneously stiffness. Consequently, these systems are susceptible to reliability problems if bent or stretched repeatedly. The integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) combined with Direct Print (DP) micro-dispensing can provide shapes of arbitrary and complex form which incorporate 1) miniature cavities for insetting electronic components and 2) conductive traces for electrical interconnect between components. The fabrication freedom introduced by AM techniques such as stereolithography (SL), ultrasonic consolidation (UC), and fused deposition modeling (FDM) have only recently been explored in the context of electronics integration. Advanced dispensing processes have been integrated into these systems allowing for the introduction of conductive inks to serve as electrical interconnect within intricately-detailed dielectric structures. This paper describes a process that provides a novel approach for the fabrication of stiff conformal structures with integrated electronics and describes several prototype demonstrations: a body conformal helmet insert for detection of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a 3D magnetic flux sensor with LED indicators for magnitude and direction and a floating sensor capable of detecting impurities in water while maintaining orientation through density gradients.
20
Thorsnes, Quinn S., Paul R. Turner, Mohammed Azam Ali, and Jaydee D. Cabral. "Integrating Fused Deposition Modeling and Melt Electrowriting for Engineering Branched Vasculature." Biomedicines 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2023): 3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123139.
Abstract:
We demonstrate for the first time the combination of two additive manufacturing technologies used in tandem, fused deposition modelling (FDM) and melt electrowriting (MEW), to increase the range of possible MEW structures, with a focus on creating branched, hollow scaffolds for vascularization. First, computer-aided design (CAD) was used to design branched mold halves which were then used to FDM print conductive polylactic acid (cPLA) molds. Next, MEW was performed over the top of these FDM cPLA molds using polycaprolactone (PCL), an FDA-approved biomaterial. After the removal of the newly constructed MEW scaffolds from the FDM molds, complementary MEW scaffold halves were heat-melded together by placing the flat surfaces of each half onto a temperature-controlled platform, then pressing the heated halves together, and finally allowing them to cool to create branched, hollow constructs. This hybrid technique permitted the direct fabrication of hollow MEW structures that would otherwise not be possible to achieve using MEW alone. The scaffolds then underwent in vitro physical and biological testing. Specifically, dynamic mechanical analysis showed the scaffolds had an anisotropic stiffness of 1 MPa or 5 MPa, depending on the direction of the applied stress. After a month of incubation, normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were seen growing on the scaffolds, which demonstrated that no deleterious effects were exerted by the MEW scaffolds constructed using FDM cPLA molds. The significant potential of our hybrid additive manufacturing approach to fabricate complex MEW scaffolds could be applied to a variety of tissue engineering applications, particularly in the field of vascularization.
21
Naidu, A. Lakshumu, K. Himanth Kumar, G. Ramesh Kumar, L. Vedavathi, J. Naveen Kumar, G. Shanmukha Rao, and N. Pavan Kalyan. "A Review on Fabrication and Printing of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composite Filaments using FDM Process." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2023): 2873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.2979.
Abstract:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fabrication and printing of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced composite filaments using the FDM process. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is an Additive Manufacturing technology that uses the idea of melting the material and depositing it layer by layer. The filament for this is usually prepared by mixing the metal powder in a polymer. The material extrusion method is the preferred way to fabricate the 3D printed filament. In this article, the main processes behind various base polymers and combinations like PLA, ABS and PETG as base polymers and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PLA, ABS and PETG as fillers have been discussed and various Mechanical Tests are also done by the 3D printed parts like Tensile, Compression, Hardness and Impact Test. It is concluded that the importance of Carbon Fiber composites in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive and consumer goods etc… the need for innovative manufacturing techniques like FDM.
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Galatas, Athanasios, Hany Hassanin, Yahya Zweiri, and Lakmal Seneviratne. "Additive Manufactured Sandwich Composite/ABS Parts for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications." Polymers 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111262.
Abstract:
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of most popular 3D printing techniques of thermoplastic polymers. Nonetheless, the poor mechanical strength of FDM parts restricts the use of this technology in functional parts of many applications such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) where lightweight, high strength, and stiffness are required. In the present paper, the fabrication process of low-density acrylonitrile butadiene styrenecarbon (ABS) with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sandwich layers for UAV structure is proposed to improve the poor mechanical strength and elastic modulus of printed ABS. The composite sandwich structures retains FDM advantages for rapid making of complex geometries, while only requires simple post-processing steps to improve the mechanical properties. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to investigate the influence of the core density and number of CFRP layers on the mechanical properties. The results showed an improvement of specific strength and elastic modulus with increasing the number of CFRP. The specific strength of the samples improved from 20 to 145 KN·m/kg while the Young’s modulus increased from 0.63 to 10.1 GPa when laminating the samples with CFRP layers. On the other hand, the core density had no significant effect on both specific strength and elastic modulus. A case study was undertaken by applying the CFRP/ABS/CFRP sandwich structure using the proposed method to manufacture improved dual-tilting clamps of a quadcopter UAV.
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Kazberov, Roman Ya. "Application of Polymer Materials and Additive Technologies in Electrical Equipment of the Agro-Industrial Complex." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 48, no. 4 (December 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-51-55.
Abstract:
Additive polymer technologies are widely used in the agro-industrial complex. Modeling by the method of layer-by-layer deposition is in demand today. The most popular polymer materials for FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) / FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) printing are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamide PA-6 and polymer composites based on them. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the prospects of using additive polymer technologies in agriculture, taking real cases as a basis. (Materials and methods). The article presents the analyze of open information sources. Author used methods of collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information, considered real cases carried out with the use of the material and technical base of the FNAC VIM. (Results and discussion) The domestic market of polymer materials and composites based on them for 3D printing using FDM/FFF technology is not as diverse as similar for traditional methods of processing plastics and composite materials (injection molding, extrusion, pressing and others). The reason for this is the lack of knowledge of 3D printing technologies, in particular, FDM/FFF technology, as a method of plastics processing. The main factor in the development of additive polymer technologies in the agro- industrial complex is the growing demand for the use of 3D printing. The article proves the effectiveness of the application with real cases made as a result of the close work of several research laboratories of FNAC VIM. (Conclusions) Additive manufacturing has great potential for further development, including within the agro-industrial complex. FDM/FFF technology and additive polymer technologies in general perfectly complement traditional production technologies.
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Barreto, Gabriela, Santiago Restrepo, Carlos Mauricio Vieira, Sergio Neves Monteiro, and Henry A. Colorado. "Rice Husk with PLA: 3D Filament Making and Additive Manufacturing of Samples for Potential Structural Applications." Polymers 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2024): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16020245.
Abstract:
Additive manufacturing has garnered significant attention as a versatile method for fabricating green and complex composite materials. This study delves into the fabrication of polymer composites by employing polylactic acid (PLA) in conjunction with rice husk as a reinforcing filler. The filaments were made by an extruded filament maker and then were used to make tensile and impact samples by another extrusion technology, fused deposition modeling (FDM). The structural and morphological characteristics of the composite materials were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy SEM. Results show that both the filament and samples are very reliable in producing polymer parts with this rice husk solid waste. This research contributes to increasing materials’ circularity and potentially creating a local social economy around rice production, where this waste is not much used.
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Mogan, J., W. S. W. Harun, K. Kadirgama, D. Ramasamy, F. M. Foudzi, A. B. Sulong, F. Tarlochan, and F. Ahmad. "Fused Deposition Modelling of Polymer Composite: A Progress." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010028.
Abstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM) highlights developing complex and efficient parts for various uses. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most frequent fabrication procedure used to make polymer products. Although it is widely used, due to its low characteristics, such as weak mechanical properties and poor surface, the types of polymer material that may be produced are limited, affecting the structural applications of FDM. Therefore, the FDM process utilises the polymer composition to produce a better physical product. The review’s objective is to systematically document all critical information on FDMed-polymer composite processing, specifically for part fabrication. The review covers the published works on the FDMed-polymer composite from 2011 to 2021 based on our systematic literature review of more than 150 high-impact related research articles. The base and filler material used, and the process parameters including layer height, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and screw type are also discussed in this review. FDM is utilised in various biomedical, automotive, and other manufacturing industries. This study is expected to be one of the essential pit-stops for future related works in the FDMed-polymeric composite study.
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Khan, Shaheryar Atta, Bilal Ahmed Siddiqui, Muhammad Fahad, and Maqsood Ahmed Khan. "Evaluation of the Effect of Infill Pattern on Mechanical Stregnth of Additively Manufactured Specimen." Materials Science Forum 887 (March 2017): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.887.128.
Abstract:
Additive manufacturing has stepped down from the world of Sci-Fi into reality. Since its conception in the 1980s the technology has come a long way. May variants of the technology are now available to the consumer. With the advent of custom built (open source) Fused Deposition Modeling based printing technology Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), FDM/FFF has become the most used Additive Manufacturing technology. The effects of the different infill patterns of FDM/FFF on the mechanical properties of a specimen made from ABS are studied in this paper. It is shown that due to changes in internal structures, the tensile strength of the specimen changes. The study also investigate the effect of infill pattern on the build time of the specimen. Extensive testing yielded the optimal infill pattern for FDM/FFF. An open source Arduino based RepRap printer was used for the preparation of specimen and showed promising results for rapid prototyping of custom built parts to bear high loads. The study can help with the increase in the use of additive manufacturing for the manufacturing of mechanically functioning parts such as prosthetics
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Wang, Hao, Hamzeh A. Al Shraida, and Jin Yu. "Predictive Modeling of Out-of-Plane Deviation for the Quality Improvement of Additive Manufacturing." Materials Science Forum 1086 (April 27, 2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-12034b.
Abstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a new technology for fabricating products straight from a 3D digital model, which can lower costs, minimize waste, and increase building speed while maintaining acceptable quality. However, it still suffers from low dimensional accuracy and a lack of geometrical quality standards. Moreover, there is a need for a robust AM configuration to perform in-situ inspections during the fabrication. This work established a 3D printing-scanning setup to collect 3D point cloud data of printed parts and then compare them with nominal 3D point cloud data to quantify the deviation in all X, Y, and Z directions. Specifically, this work aims at predicting the anticipated deviation along the Z direction by applying a deep learning-based prediction model. An experiment with regard to a human “Knee” prototype fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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Wang, Yanen, Ray Tahir Mushtaq, Ammar Ahmed, Ammar Ahmed, Mudassar Rehman, Mudassar Rehman, Aqib Mashood Khan, et al. "Additive manufacturing is sustainable technology: citespace based bibliometric investigations of fused deposition modeling approach." Rapid Prototyping Journal 28, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 654–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2021-0112.
Abstract:
Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has a huge influence on the real world because of its ability to manufacture massively complicated geometrics. The purpose of this study is to use CiteSpace (CS) visual analysis to identify fused deposition modeling (FDM) research and development patterns to guide researchers to decide future research and provide a framework for corporations and organizations to prepare for the development in the rapid prototyping industry. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is defined to budget minimize manufactured input and output for aviation and the medical product industrial sectors. 3DP has implemented its potential in the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) reaction. Design/methodology/approach First, 396 original publications were extracted from the web of science (WOS) with the comprehensive list and did scientometrics analysis in CS software. The parameters are specified in CS including the span (from 2011 to 2019, one year slice for the co-authorship and the co-accordance analysis), visualization (show the merged networks), specific criteria for selection (top 20%), node form (author, organization, region, reference cited; cited author, journal and keywords) and pruning (pathfinder and slicing network). Finally, correlating data was studied and showed the results of the visualization study of FDM research were shown. Findings The framework of FDM information is beginning to take shape. About hot research topics, there are “Morphology,” “Tensile Property by making Blends,” “Use of Carbon nanotube in 3DP” and “Topology optimization.” Regarding the latest research frontiers of FDM printing, there are “Fused Filament Fabrication,” “AM,” in FDM printing. Where “Post-processing” and “environmental impact” are the research hotspots in FDM printing. These research results can provide insight into FDM printing and useful information to consider the existing studies and developments in FDM researchers’ analysis. Research limitations/implications Despite some important obtained results through FDM-related publications’ visualization, some deficiencies remain in this research. With >99% of articles written in English, the input data for CS was all downloaded from WOS databases, resulting in a language bias of papers in other languages and neglecting other data sources. Although, there are several challenges being faced by the FDM that limit its wide variety of applications. However, the significance of the current work concerning the technical and engineering prospects is discussed herein. Originality/value First, the novelty of this work lies in describing the FDM approach in a Scientometric way. In Scientometric investigation, leading writers, organizations, keywords, hot research and emerging knowledge points were explained. Second, this research has thoroughly and comprehensively examined the useful sustainability effects, i.e. economic sustainability, energy-based sustainability, environmental sustainability, of 3DP in industrial development in qualitative and quantitative aspects by 2025 from a global viewpoint. Third, this work also described the practical significance of FDM based on 3DP since COVID-19. 3DP has stepped up as a vital technology to support improved healthcare and other general response to emergency situations.
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Singh, Sunpreet, and Rupinder Singh. "Mechanical characterization and comparison of additive manufactured ABS, Polyflex™ and ABS/Polyflex™ blended functional prototypes." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2017-0234.
Abstract:
Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the latest and most advanced technologies that are continuously expanding into various field applications. Undoubtedly, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the oldest and extensively used AM technologies not only because of the advantage of low cost, comparatively moderate production speed and negligible wastage but also due to acceptance of a wide range of thermoplastics, reinforced and blended feedstock for making the end product suitable for service. The purpose of this work to perform mechanical characterization of standard samples printed on FDM with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), shape memory polymer (SMP; make PolyflexTM) and ABS/PolyflexTM blend and a comparative study from AM view point. Design/methodology/approach A low-cost desktop-based FDM setup was used for the fabrication of the test specimens under different processing conditions. Experiments were conducted as per obtained control log, and statistical analysis was conducted to understand the effect of selected variables in response of measured properties. Further, scanning electron microscopy-based micrographs were analyzed to understand the fracture mechanisms. Findings The obtained results highlighted that the mechanical properties of FDM parts are strongly influenced by the selected process variables. However, in case of most of the measured properties, selection of suitable feedstock has dominated the other input variables. Further, the results of test parts made with in-house developed ABS/SMP blend have showed the attainment of remarkable values of both strength and elasticity. Originality/value This work is held to empower the use of FDM technology to fabricate advanced and robust components for serving highly demanding applications.
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Patterson, Albert E., Charul Chadha, and Iwona M. Jasiuk. "Manufacturing process-driven structured materials (MPDSMs): design and fabrication for extrusion-based additive manufacturing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 28, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 716–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-04-2021-0072.
Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to explore the design and fabrication of meso-scale Manufacturing Process-Driven Structured Materials (MPDSMs). These are designed, architected materials where the prime design requirement is manufacturability. The concepts are applied to those fabricated using fused deposition modeling or fused filament fabrication (FDM/FFF), a thermoplastic polymer additive manufacturing (AM) process. Three case studies were presented to demonstrate the approach. Design/methodology/approach The paper consists of four main sections; the first developed the MPDSMs concept, the second explored manufacturability requirements for FDM/FFF in terms of MPDSMs, the third presented a practical application framework and the final sections provided some case studies and closing remarks. Findings The main contributions of this study were the definition and development of the MDPSMs concept, the application framework and the original case studies. While it is most practical to use a well-defined AM process to first explore the concepts, the MPDSMs approach is neither limited to AM nor thermoplastic polymer materials nor meso-scale material structures. Future research should focus on applications in other areas. Originality/value The MPDSMs approach as presented in this concept paper is a novel method for the design of structured materials where manufacturability is the prime requirement. It is distinct from classic design-for-manufacturability concepts in that the design space is limited to manufacturable design candidates before the other requirements are satisfied. This removes a significant amount of schedule and costs risk from the design process, as all the designs produced are manufacturable within the problem tolerance.
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Tateno, Toshitake, Yuta Yaguchi, and Osamu Hasegawa. "Geometric Accuracy Evaluation of Fabricated Parts by Additive Manufacturing toward Parallel Fabrication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.98.
Abstract:
Most rapid prototyping models are fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) devices, which are usually called as 3D-printers. The AM models are expected to be used as practical parts for small batch manufacturing and maintenance parts supply. The main problem of AM for practical parts depends on processing accuracy and productivity. To compete with these problems, the parallel fabrication is considered. In this paper, after the concept of the parallel fabrication is introduced, the geometric accuracy of AM parts is evaluated and discussed from viewpoints of shape and processing. Two primitive shapes, which are a cube and a cylinder, are chosen as evaluation objects. These models are fabricated by two different type AM processing, which are Stereo Lithography (SL) and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The geometry of objects is measured by a contact type 3D measurement system. As a result, characteristics of geometric error, which depend on shape features and AM processing, were found. The design guideline for contact surfaces between segmented parts is discussed.
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Tsao, Che-Chih, Ho-Hsin Chang, Meng-Hao Liu, Ho-Chia Chen, Yun-Tang Hsu, Pei-Ying Lin, Yih-Lin Chou, et al. "Freeform additive manufacturing by vari-directional vari-dimensional material deposition." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2017-0014.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and demonstrate a new additive manufacturing approach that breaks the layer-based point scanning limitations to increase fabrication speed, obtain better surface finish, achieve material flexibility and reduce equipment costs. Design/methodology/approach The freeform additive manufacturing approach conceptually views a 3D article as an assembly of freeform elements distributed spatially following a flexible 3D assembly structure, which conforms to the surface of the article and physically builds the article by sequentially forming the freeform elements by a vari-directional vari-dimensional capable material deposition mechanism. Vari-directional building along tangential directions of part surface gives surface smoothness. Vari-dimensional deposition maximizes material output to increase build rate wherever allowed and minimizes deposition sizes for resolution whenever needed. Findings Process steps based on geometric and data processing considerations were described. Dispensing and forming of basic vari-directional and vari-dimensional freeform elements and basic operations of joining them were developed using thermoplastics. Forming of 3D articles at build rates of 2-5 times the fused deposition modeling (FDM) rate was demonstrated and improvement over ten times was shown to be feasible. FDM compatible operations using 0.7 mm wire depositions from a variable exit-dispensing unit were demonstrated. Preliminary tests of a surface finishing process showed a result of 0.8-1.9 um Ra. Initial results of dispensing wax, tin alloy and steel were also shown. Originality/value This is the first time that both vari-directional and vari-dimensional material depositions are combined in a new freeform building method, which has potential impact on the FDM and other additive manufacturing methods.
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Asadollahi-Yazdi, Elnaz, Julien Gardan, and Pascal Lafon. "Multi-objective optimization approach in design for additive manufacturing for fused deposition modeling." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2018-0186.
Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to provide a multi-objective optimization problem in design for manufacturing (DFM) approach for fused deposition modeling (FDM). This method considers the manufacturing criteria and constraints during the design by selecting the best manufacturing parameters to guide the designer and manufacturer in fabrication with FDM. Design/methodology/approach Topological optimization and bi-objective optimization problems are suggested to complete the DFM approach for design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) to define a product. Topological optimization allows the shape improvement of the product through a material distribution for weight gain based on the desired mechanical behavior. The bi-objective optimization problem plays an important role to evaluate the manufacturability by quantification and optimization of the manufacturing criteria and constraint simultaneously. Actually, it optimizes the production time, required material regarding surface quality and mechanical properties of the product because of two significant parameters as layer thickness and part orientation. Findings A comprehensive analysis of the existing DFAM approaches illustrates that these approaches are not developed sufficiently in terms of manufacturability evaluation in quantification and optimization levels. There is no approach that investigates the AM criteria and constraints simultaneously. It is necessary to provide a decision-making tool for the designers and manufacturers to lead to better design and manufacturing regarding the different AM characteristics. Practical implications To assess the efficiency of this approach, a wheel spindle is considered as a case study which shows how this method is capable to find the best design and manufacturing solutions. Originality/value A multi-criteria decision-making approach as the main contribution is developed to analyze FDM technology and its attributes, criteria and drawbacks. It completes the DFAM approach for FDM through a bi-objective optimization problem which deals with finding the best manufacturing parameters by optimizing production time and material mass because of the product mechanical properties and surface roughness.
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R., Prithvirajan, Sugavaneswaran M., Sathishkumar N., and Arumaikkannu G. "Metal bellow hydroforming using additive manufactured die: a case study." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2018-0182.
Abstract:
Purpose Custom-designed metal bellows require alternate ways to produce the die to shorten lead time. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of using Additive Manufactured (AM) polymer die as direct rapid tool (RT) for metal bellow hydroforming. Design/methodology/approach Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to simulate bellow forming and to evaluate the compatibility of AM die. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique is used to fabricate die with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material. To validate, the width of the metal bellow convolutions obtained from the FEA simulation is compared with convolution formed during the experiment. Findings FDM-made die can be used for a short production run of bellow hydroforming. FEA simulation shows that stress developed in some regions of die is less and these regions have potential for material reduction. Use of RT for this particular application is limited by the die material, forming pressure, width, convolution span and material of bellow. This supports the importance of FEA validation of RT before fabrication to evaluate and redesign die for the successful outcome of the tool. Research limitations/implications The given methodology may be followed to design a RT with minimum material consumption for bellow forming application. Whenever there is a change in bellow design or the die material, simulation has to be done to evaluate the capability of the die. As this study was focused on a short production run for manufacturing one or few bellows, the die life is not a significant factor. Originality/value This paper demonstrates about rapid tooling for metal bellow manufacturing using FDM technique for low volume production. Further, FEA is used to identify low stress regions and redesign the die for material reduction before die manufacturing. AM die can be used for developing customized metal bellow for applications such as defense, aerospace, automobiles, etc.
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Rafael Santana Queiroz, Lucas Marins Batista, Miguel Felipe Nery Vieira, Lucas Cruz da Silva, Bruno Caetano dos Santos Silva, and Rodrigo Santiago Coelho. "A Literature Review of Additive Manufacturing in the Fabrication of Soft Robots: Main Techniques, Applications, and Related Industrial-Sized Machines." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGIES AND HEALTH 6, no. 1 (April 8, 2023): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v6i1.286.
Abstract:
Soft robots have been receiving unprecedented attention in recent years for being able to be used side-by-side with humans, exploring dangerous environments and confined spaces, moving across uneven terrain, and solving problems that rigid robots cannot solve. The wide range of additive manufacturing techniques has also boosted research in the area. This work summarizes the characteristics of the five most relevant techniques – FDM, DIW, SLS, Inkjet, and SLA – for fabricating soft robots together with case studies. A summary contains models of industrial-sized additive manufacturing machines that can compose a facility for fabricating large-scale soft robots.
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Drossel, Welf-Guntram, Jörn Ihlemann, Ralf Landgraf, Erik Oelsch, and Marek Schmidt. "Basic Research for Additive Manufacturing of Rubber." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102266.
Abstract:
The dissemination and use of additive processes are growing rapidly. Nevertheless, for the material class of elastomers made of vulcanizable rubber, there is still no technical solution for producing them using 3D printing. Therefore, this paper deals with the basic investigations to develop an approach for rubber printing. For this purpose, a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer is modified with a screw extruder. Tests are carried out to identify the optimal printing parameters. Afterwards, test prints are performed for the deposition of rubber strands on top of each other and for the fabrication of simple two-dimensional geometries. The material behavior during printing, the printing quality as well as occurrences of deviations in the geometries are evaluated. The results show that the realization of 3D rubber printing is possible. However, there is still a need for research to stabilize the layers during the printing process. Additionally, further studies are necessary to determine the optimum parameters for traverse speed and material discharge, especially on contours.
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Vyavahare, Swapnil, Shailendra Kumar, and Deepak Panghal. "Experimental study of surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication of parts produced by fused deposition modelling." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 9 (July 13, 2020): 1535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2019-0315.
Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to focus on an experimental study of surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication of parts produced by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique of additive manufacturing. The fabricated parts of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material have pyramidal and conical features. Influence of five process parameters of FDM, namely, layer thickness, wall print speed, build orientation, wall thickness and extrusion temperature is studied on response characteristics. Furthermore, regression models for responses are developed and significant process parameters are optimized. Design/methodology/approach Comprehensive experimental study is performed using response surface methodology. Analysis of variance is used to investigate the influence of process parameters on surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication in both outer pyramidal and inner conical regions of part. Furthermore, a multi-response optimization using desirability function is performed to minimize surface roughness, improve dimensional accuracy and minimize time of fabrication of parts. Findings It is found that layer thickness and build orientation are significant process parameters for surface roughness of parts. Surface roughness increases with increase in layer thickness, while it decreases initially and then increases with increase in build orientation. Layer thickness, wall print speed and build orientation are significant process parameters for dimensional accuracy of FDM parts. For the time of fabrication, layer thickness and build orientation are found as significant process parameters. Based on the analysis, statistical non-linear quadratic models are developed to predict surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication. Optimization of process parameters is also performed using desirability function. Research limitations/implications The present study is restricted to the parts of ABS material with pyramidal and conical features only fabricated on FDM machine with delta configuration. Originality/value From the critical review of literature it is found that some researchers have made to study the influence of few process parameters on surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication of simple geometrical parts. Also, regression models and optimization of process parameters has been performed for simple parts. The present work is focussed on studying all these aspects in complicated geometrical parts with pyramidal and conical features.
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Dontsov, Yury V., Sergey V. Panin, Dmitry G. Buslovich, and Filippo Berto. "Taguchi Optimization of Parameters for Feedstock Fabrication and FDM Manufacturing of Wear-Resistant UHMWPE-Based Composites." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 2718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122718.
Abstract:
It is believed that the structure and properties of parts fabricated by additive (i.e., non-stationary) manufacturing are slightly worse compared to hot pressing. To further proceed with improving the quality of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-printed parts, the ‘UHMWPE + 17 wt.% HDPE-g-SMA + 12 wt.% PP’ composite feedstock fabrication parameters, by the twin-screw extruder compounding and 3D printing (the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process), were optimized using the Taguchi method. The optimization was carried out over the results of mechanical tests. The obtained results were interpreted in terms of (1) the uniformity of mixing of the polymer components upon compounding and (2) the homogeneity of the structure formed by the 3D printing. The values of the main factors (the processing parameters) were determined using the Taguchi method. Their application made it possible to improve the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the samples manufactured by the FDM method at the level of neat UHMWPE as well as the UHMWPE-based composites fabricated by compression sintering. A comparative analysis of the structure, as well as the mechanical and tribological properties of the composite obtained by the FDM method, and the hot pressing from ‘optimized’ feedstock was performed. The ‘UHMWPE + 17 wt.% HDPE-g-SMA + 12 wt.% PP’ composites fabricated by the optimal compounding and 3D printing parameters can be implemented for the additive manufacturing of complex shape products (including medical implants, transport, mining, and processing industries; in particular, in the Far North).
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Lanzotti, Antonio, Massimo Martorelli, Teresa Russo, and Antonio Gloria. "Design of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures for Tissue Regeneration." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2154.
Abstract:
Additive Manufacturing technologies allow for the direct fabrication of lightweight structures with improved properties. In this context, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has also been considered to design 3D multifunctional scaffolds with complex morphology, tailored biological, mechanical and mass transport properties. As an example, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), surface-modified PCL and PCL-based nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated and analysed. The effects of structural and morphological features (i.e., sequence of stacking, fiber spacing distance, pore size and geometry), surface modification and nanoparticles on the in vitro biological and mechanical performances were investigated.
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Bagatella, Simone, Annacarla Cereti, Francesco Manarini, Marco Cavallaro, Raffaella Suriano, and Marinella Levi. "Thermally Conductive and Electrically Insulating Polymer-Based Composites Heat Sinks Fabricated by Fusion Deposition Modeling." Polymers 16, no. 3 (February 4, 2024): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16030432.
Abstract:
This study explores the potential of novel boron nitride (BN) microplatelet composites with combined thermal conduction and electrical insulation properties. These composites are manufactured through Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), and their application for thermal management in electronic devices is demonstrated. The primary focus of this work is, therefore, the investigation of the thermoplastic composite properties to show the 3D printing of lightweight polymeric heat sinks with remarkable thermal performance. By comparing various microfillers, including BN and MgO particles, their effects on material properties and alignment within the polymer matrix during filament fabrication and FDM processing are analyzed. The characterization includes the evaluation of morphology, thermal conductivity, and mechanical and electrical properties. Particularly, a composite with 32 wt% of BN microplatelets shows an in-plane thermal conductivity of 1.97 W m−1 K−1, offering electrical insulation and excellent printability. To assess practical applications, lightweight pin fin heat sinks using these composites are designed and 3D printed. Their thermal performance is evaluated via thermography under different heating conditions. The findings are very promising for an efficient and cost-effective fabrication of thermal devices, which can be obtained through extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing (AM), such as FDM, and exploited as enhanced thermal management solutions in electronic devices.
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Ali, Hind B., Jawad K. Oleiwi, and Farhad M. Othman. "Compressive and Tensile Properties of ABS Material as a Function of 3D Printing Process Parameters." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 32, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.320302.
Abstract:
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies have been emerged as a fabrication method to obtain engineering components within a short span of time. 3D printing, also referred as additive layer manufacturing technology is one of the powerful methods of rapid prototyping (RP) technique that fabricates three-dimensional engineering components. fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) methods, with applications in modelling, prototyping, and production. Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) is a widely used industrial thermoplastic that is also the most commonly used material in FDM technology. Understanding the impact of FDM build settings on material characteristics is essential for predicting the behaviour of ABS components. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of specimen tensile and compressive behaviour on ABS components produced using FDM. The Ultimaker+2 printer is used to create ABS thermoplastic samples for the investigation. The samples are put through their tests using a modified form of ASTM D638 for tensile strength and ASTM D695 for compressive strength. An Instron testing machine is used to put the printed parts to the test. The approach employed was Design of Experiment (DOE). Three primary criteria are used in the plastics experiment: infill density, layer thickness, and infill pattern. We measured the tensile and compressive strengths of zigzag and gyroid specimens, as well as cross specimens. The highest compressive strength at break (25.01 MPa), Young's modulus (2.473 GPa), fracture strength (21.016 MPa), and ultimate tensile stress (23.1 MPa) were all discovered in a sample with 60% infill density, 0.05mm layer thickness, and a GYROID infill pattern.
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Fountas, Nikolaos A., Ioannis Papantoniou, John D. Kechagias, Dimitrios E. Manolakos, and Nikolaos M. Vaxevanidis. "Experimental and statistical investigation on flexural properties of FDM fabricated PLA specimens applying response surface methodology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2692, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2692/1/012047.
Abstract:
Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is a modern technology currently adopted by manufacturing industries to benefit from its low-cost applications, versatility and fabrication of complex parts. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is distinguished among the different AM technologies due to its fast, yet accurate operations. However the properties of fabricated components are strongly depended by FDM-related parameter settings. This work examines the effect of FDM-related parameters namely flow rate, printing speed and printing temperature on the response of flexural strength. Experiments according to L9 orthogonal array and a custom response surface experimental design were performed to obtain the results necessary for further examination and analysis corresponding to parameter effects on flexural strength and statistical outputs. Experiments were designed as per the ASTM D790 standard whilst failure modes of experimental samples were observed for correlating the independent printing parameters with the response of flexural strength. The full quadratic regression model generated for predicting results concerning flexural strength was found adequate for explaining the variation of FDM-related parameters on flexural strength response.
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Bamiduro, Oluwakayode, Gbadebo Owolabi, Mulugeta A. Haile, and Jaret C. Riddick. "The influence of load direction, microstructure, raster orientation on the quasi-static response of fused deposition modeling ABS." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-04-2018-0087.
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Purpose The continual growth of additive manufacturing has increased tremendously because of its versatility, flexibility and high customization of geometric structures. However, design hurdles are presented in understanding the relationship between the fabrication process and materials microstructure as it relates to the mechanical performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of build architecture and microstructure and the effects of load direction on the static response and mechanical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) specimens obtained via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) processing technique. Design/methodology/approach Among additive manufacturing processes, FDM is a prolific technology for manufacturing ABS. The blend of ABS combines strength, rigidity and toughness, all of which are desirable for the production of structural materials in rapid manufacturing applications. However, reported literature has varied widely on the mechanical performance due to the proprietary nature of the ABS material ratio, ultimately creating a design hurdle. While prior experimental studies have studied the mechanical response via uniaxial tension testing, this study has aimed to understand the mechanical response of ABS from the materials’ microstructural point of view. First, ABS specimen was fabricated via FDM using a defined build architecture. Next, the specimens were mechanically tested until failure. Then finally, the failure structures were microstructurally investigated. In this paper, the effects of microstructural evolution on the static mechanical response of various build architecture of ABS aimed at FDM manufacturing technique was analyzed. Findings The results show that the rastering orientation of 0/90 exhibited the highest tensile strength followed by fracture at its maximum load. However, the “45” bead direction of the ABS fibers displayed a cold-drawing behavior before rupture. The morphology analyses before and after tensile failure were characterized by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which highlighted the effects of bead geometry (layers) and areas of stress concentration such as interstitial voids in the material during build, ultimately compromising the structural integrity of the specimens. Research limitations/implications The ability to control the constituents and microstructure of a material during fabrication is significant to improving and predicting the mechanical performance of structural additive manufacturing components. In this report, the effects of microstructure on the mechanical performance of FDM-fabricated ABS materials was discussed. Further investigations are planned in understanding the effects of ambient environmental conditions (such as moisture) on the ABS material pre- and post-fabrication. Originality/value The study provides valuable experimental data for the purpose of understanding the inter-dependency between build parameters and microstructure as it relates to the specimens exemplified strength. The results highlighted in this study are fundamental to the development of optimal design of strength and complex ultra-lightweight structure efficiency.
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Pranzo, Daniela, Piero Larizza, Daniel Filippini, and Gianluca Percoco. "Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Microfluidic Devices for Chemical and Biomedical Applications: A Topical Review." Micromachines 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9080374.
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One of the most widespread additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is fused deposition modelling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF) or extrusion-based AM. The main reasons for its success are low costs, very simple machine structure, and a wide variety of available materials. However, one of the main limitations of the process is its accuracy and finishing. In spite of this, FDM is finding more and more applications, including in the world of micro-components. In this world, one of the most interesting topics is represented by microfluidic reactors for chemical and biomedical applications. The present review focusses on this research topic from a process point of view, describing at first the platforms and materials and then deepening the most relevant applications.
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Syrlybayev, Daniyar, Beibit Zharylkassyn, Aidana Seisekulova, Mustakhim Akhmetov, Asma Perveen, and Didier Talamona. "Optimisation of Strength Properties of FDM Printed Parts—A Critical Review." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101587.
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Additive Manufacturing is currently growing fast, especially fused deposition modeling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF). When manufacturing parts use FDM, there are two key parameters—strength of the part and dimensional accuracy—that need to be considered. Although FDM is a popular technology for fabricating prototypes with complex geometry and other part product with reduced cycle time, it is also limited by several drawbacks including inadequate mechanical properties and reduced dimensional accuracy. It is evident that part qualities are greatly influenced by the various process parameters, therefore an extensive review of the effects of the following process parameters was carried out: infill density, infill patterns, extrusion temperature, layer thickness, nozzle diameter, raster angle and build orientation on the mechanical properties. It was found from the literature that layer thickness is the most important factor among the studied ones. Although manipulation of process parameters makes significant differences in the quality and mechanical properties of the printed part, the ideal combination of parameters is challenging to achieve. Hence, this study also includes the influence of pre-processing of the printed part to improve the part strength and new research trends such as, vacuum-assisted FDM that has shown to improve the quality of the printing due to improved bonding between the layers. Advances in materials and technologies that are currently under development are presented. For example, the pre-deposition heating method, using an IR lamp of other technologies, shows a positive impact on the mechanical properties of the printed parts.
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M. Johnson, Wayne, Matthew Rowell, Bill Deason, and Malik Eubanks. "Comparative evaluation of an open-source FDM system." Rapid Prototyping Journal 20, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2012-0058.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative and quantitative comparison and evaluation of an open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) system with a proprietary FDM AM system based on the fabrication of a custom benchmarking model. Design/methodology/approach – A custom benchmarking model was fabricated using the two AM systems and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The fabricated models were visually inspected and scanned using a 3D laser scanning system to examine their dimensional accuracy and geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) performance with respect to the computer-aided design (CAD) model geometry. Findings – The open-source FDM AM system (CupCake CNC) successfully fabricated most of the features on the benchmark, but the model did suffer from greater thermal warping and surface roughness, and limitations in the fabrication of overhang structures compared to the model fabricated by the proprietary AM system. Overall, the CupCake CNC provides a relatively accurate, low-cost alternative to more expensive proprietary FDM AM systems. Research limitations/implications – This work is limited in the sample size used for the evaluation. Practical implications – This work will provide the public and research AM communities with an improved understanding of the performance and capabilities of an open-source AM system. It may also lead to increased use of open-source systems as research testbeds for the continued improvement of current AM processes, and the development of new AM system designs and processes. Originality/value – This study is one of the first comparative evaluations of an open-source AM with a proprietary AM system.
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Podsiadły, Bartłomiej, Piotr Matuszewski, Andrzej Skalski, and Marcin Słoma. "Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Structural and Conductive Elements." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031272.
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In this publication, we describe the process of fabrication and the analysis of the properties of nanocomposite filaments based on carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer for fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing. Polymer granulate was mixed and extruded with a filling fraction of 0.99, 1.96, 4.76, 9.09 wt.% of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) to fabricate composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm. Detailed mechanical and electrical investigations of printed test samples were performed. The results demonstrate that CNT content has a significant influence on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of printed samples. Printed samples obtained from high CNT content composites exhibited an improvement in the tensile strength by 12.6%. Measurements of nanocomposites’ electrical properties exhibited non-linear relation between the supply voltage and measured sample resistivity. This effect can be attributed to the semiconductor nature of the CNT functional phase and the occurrence of a tunnelling effect in percolation network. Detailed I–V characteristics related to the amount of CNTs in the composite and the supply voltage influence are also presented. At a constant voltage value, the average resistivity of the printed elements is 2.5 Ωm for 4.76 wt.% CNT and 0.15 Ωm for 9.09 wt.% CNT, respectively. These results demonstrate that ABS/CNT composites are a promising functional material for FDM additive fabrication of structural elements, but also structural electronics and sensors.
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Singh, Rupinder, Ranvijay Kumar, Ilenia Farina, Francesco Colangelo, Luciano Feo, and Fernando Fraternali. "Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Sustainable Innovative Materials and Structures." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010062.
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This paper highlights the multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) route for manufacturing of innovative materials and structures. Three different recycled thermoplastics, namely acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) (with different Young’s modulus, glass transition temperature, rheological properties), have been selected (as a case study) for multi-material AM. The functional prototypes have been printed on fused deposition modelling (FDM) setup as tensile specimens (as per ASTM D638 type-IV standard) with different combinations of top, middle, and bottom layers (of ABS/PLA/HIPS), at different printing speed and infill percentage density. The specimens were subjected to thermal (glass transition temperature and heat capacity) and mechanical testing (peak load, peak strength, peak elongation, percentage elongation at peak, and Young’s modulus) to ascertain their suitability in load-bearing structures, and the fabrication of functional prototypes of mechanical meta-materials. The results have been supported by photomicrographs to observe the microstructure of the analyzed multi-materials.
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García-Martínez, Héctor, Ernesto Ávila-Navarro, Germán Torregrosa-Penalva, Alberto Rodríguez-Martínez, Carolina Blanco-Angulo, and Miguel A. de la de la Casa-Lillo. "Low-Cost Additive Manufacturing Techniques Applied to the Design of Planar Microwave Circuits by Fused Deposition Modeling." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091946.
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This work presents a study on the implementation and manufacturing of low-cost microwave electronic circuits, made with additive manufacturing techniques using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. First, the manufacturing process of substrates with different filaments, using various options offered by additive techniques in the manufacture of 3D printing parts, is described. The implemented substrates are structurally analyzed by ultrasound techniques to verify the correct metallization and fabrication of the substrate, and the characterization of the electrical properties in the microwave frequency range of each filament is performed. Finally, standard and novel microwave filters in microstrip and stripline technology are implemented, making use of the possibilities offered by additive techniques in the manufacturing process. The designed devices were manufactured and measured with good results, which demonstrates the possibility of using low-cost 3D printers in the design process of planar microwave circuits.
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Ulkir, Osman. "Energy-Consumption-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Additive-Manufactured Product with Different Types of Materials." Polymers 15, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061466.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology is one of the preferred methods to ensure sustainability in fabrication. In addition to providing continuity in sustainability, fabrication, and diversity, it aims to improve people’s quality of life, develop the economy, and protect the environment and resources for future generations. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to determine whether a product fabricated by the AM provides tangible benefits compared to traditional fabrication methodologies. LCA is an evaluation method that provides information on resource efficiency and waste generation, where the environmental impacts of a process can be calculated, measured, and reported throughout the entire life cycle, starting from the acquisition of raw materials, processing, fabrication, use, end of life, and disposal, according to ISO 14040/44 standards. This study examines the environmental impacts of the three most preferred filaments and resin materials in the AM for a 3D-printed product from the start, which consists of three stages. These stages are raw material extraction, manufacturing, and recycling. Filament material types are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETG), and Ultraviolet (UV) Resin. The fabrication process was carried out with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA) techniques using a 3D printer. Environmental impacts for all identified steps were estimated over the life cycle using the energy consumption model. As a result of the LCA, it was seen that UV Resin was the most environmentally friendly material in the mid-point and end-point indicators. It has been determined that the ABS material also exhibits bad results on many indicators and is the least environmentally friendly. The results support those working with AM in comparing different materials’ environmental impacts and choosing an environmentally friendly material.