Journal articles on the topic 'Fabric thermal performance'
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1
Mandal, Sumit, and Guowen Song. "Characterizing thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing in hot surface contact." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (August 31, 2016): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716667258.
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This study characterizes the thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing under the exposure of hot surface contact. For this, thermal protective performance of different fabrics was evaluated using a laboratory-simulated hot surface contact test, and various factors affecting the performance were statistically identified. Additionally, heat transfer mechanisms during testing were analytically and mathematically modeled. It has been found that fabric’s constructional features and properties are the key factors to affect its thermal protective performance. In this study, the presence of a thicker thermal liner in a layered fabric system resulted in higher performance; in contrast, a multi-layered fabric system incorporating a moisture barrier in its outer layer displayed the lowest performance. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a fabric’s air permeability has a minimal impact on performance, whereas weight, thickness, and thermal resistance have a significant positive impact on performance. Based on the analytical and mathematical models developed, it was apparent that conductive heat transfer mainly occurs through fabric during testing, and this conductive heat transfer depends upon the surface roughness and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) of the tested fabric. Here, thermal contact resistance between the hot surface and fabric also plays a crucial role in the heat transfer or thermal protective performance of fabric. Moreover, the heat transfer gradually decreases across fabric thickness, which can substantially affect thermal protective performance. This study can advance the theory of textile/materials science through better understanding of heat transfer in fabrics. This understanding can help in developing an integrated knowledge of fabric properties, heat transfer through fabrics, and thermal protective performance of fabrics. The findings from this study can also assist textile/material engineers with the development of a high performance thermal protective fabric for clothing to provide better occupational safety and health for firefighters.
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Yang, Liu, Jian Zhong Yang, and Long Li. "Research on Thermal Protection Performance of Multilayer Fabrics System of Fire Clothing." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1432.
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This paper studies the fire taking multi-layer fabric thermal protection performance of the system, respectively from the single thermal protective performance of fabric and ten kinds of multilayer composite fabric through analyzing the thermal protective performance, The following conclusions: in terms of single flame retardant fabrics, for the same fabric fiber composition, the TPP value with the thickness of the fabric, square meter weight has significant positive correlation. Experimental results show that multi-layer combination of 8 # protective performance is best, flame retardant protective performance is the most suitable for fire-fighting suits fabrics.
3
Afzal, Ali, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Faheem Ahmad, Fatima Iftikhar, and Yasir Nawab. "Influence of Fabric Parameters on Thermal Comfort Performance of Double Layer Knitted Interlock Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0037.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of various fabric parameters on the thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, thermal transmittance, thermal absorptivity and thermal insulation of polyester/cotton double layer knitted interlock fabrics. It was found that by increasing fibre content with higher specific heat increases the thermal insulation while decreases the thermal transmittance and absorptivity of the fabric. It was concluded that double layer knitted fabrics developed with higher specific heat fibres, coarser yarn linear densities, higher knitting loop length and fabric thickness could be adequately used for winter clothing purposes.
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Luo, Xiao Wen, Zhi Qing Shu, and Jun Li. "Comprehensive Evaluation on Performance of PSA Blended Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.317.
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To reveal specific wearing property and principle of polysulfonamide (PSA) blended fabric, this paper aims to make a comparative study of the performance of new PSA blended fabric based on mechanical property, thermal protective performance and, at the same time, explore the performance gap between the different fabrics. Based on the gray fixed weight clustering analysis of gray system theory, several PSA blended fabric have been proved with excellent comprehensive performance, these provided a basis for the selection of thermal protective clothing fabrics.
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Chen, An, and Qian Liu. "Structural Design and Performance of Woven Electrothermal Fabric Based on Silver-Plated Filament." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 2_suppl (December 2021): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.s2.16.
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Researchers used nine woven electrothermal fabrics with different structures and silver-plated filament content. Electrothermal performance was tested and analyzed to select the fabric with the best thermal stability and heating performance for additional testing of fatigue resistance. Results show that at room temperature, electrical resistance decreases with the increase of silver-plated filament content, and the nine fabrics show good thermal stability at various voltages. When the fabric is electrified, the surface temperature distribution of the satin fabric is more uniform, and the satin fabric with 10% silvered filament has the best heating effect. At 3 V, the fabric can reach 60 °C. After 200 power cycles (on and off), the fabric still has good thermal performance and good fatigue resistance. After washing, heating remains effective.
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Mahbub, Rana Faruq, Lijing Wang, Lyndon Arnold, Sinnappoo Kaneslingam, and Rajiv Padhye. "Thermal comfort properties of Kevlar and Kevlar/wool fabrics." Textile Research Journal 84, no. 19 (May 23, 2014): 2094–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517514532157.
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Recent research on ballistic vests has focused on comfort performance by enhancing thermal comfort and moisture management. Kevlar/wool fabric has been developed as a potential material for ballistic vests. This study investigates the thermal comfort properties of woven Kevlar/wool and woven Kevlar ballistic fabrics. In this context, the thermal resistance, water-vapor resistance, moisture management performance, air permeability and optical porosity of 100% Kevlar and Kevlar/wool ballistic fabrics were compared. The effects of fabric physical properties on laboratory-measured thermal comfort were analyzed. This study also presents the fabric bursting strength and tear strength for comparison. Experimental results showed a clear difference in thermal comfort properties of the two fabrics. It was found that Kevlar/wool possesses better moisture management properties and improved mechanical properties than Kevlar fabric.
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Zhang, Hui, Guowen Song, Haitao Ren, and Juan Cao. "The effects of moisture on the thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing under medium intensity radiant exposure." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 8 (February 1, 2017): 847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517690620.
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Current firefighter protective clothing is composed of multilayer fabric systems. The outer shell fabrics inevitably become wet in the process of firefighters performing their duties, and sweat may also increase moisture in the inner layers of protective clothing. In this study, two kinds of outer shell fabrics (aramid IIIA fabric and aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric) and two kinds of thermal liner fabrics with different thicknesses were selected. Three wetness conditions were simulated for the outer shell fabric, thermal liner fabric and both fabrics together. A modified thermal protective performance (TPP) tester was applied to assess TPP provided by these wetted fabrics; in addition, second-degree skin burn time was predicted and absorbed energy indexes were calculated. The regression method was employed to create fitting curves for absorbed energy and second-degree burn time in different configurations and the Pearson correlation was established to analyze their relationship, in which the lowest R2 value could reach 0.9122 and p-values were all much less than 0.05. Performance results for both wet conditions indicated that outer shell moisture and a thicker thermal liner have a positive and increased negative effect, respectively, on fabric TPP. When the sample S-3-D (aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric, moisture barrier and the thin thermal liner) was both wetted in the outer shell and thermal liner, its second-degree burn time was improved by 12.8% over performance in dry conditions. These findings may have important applications for the design and manufacture of optimal protective performance clothing systems.
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Cui, Xin, Qin Fei Ke, and Guang Ming Cai. "Evaluation of Light Protective Properties of High Performance Aramid Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 551 (May 2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.551.28.
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The aramid fabrics have been widely used in aerospace, military and protective clothes for light radiation stability properties. The reflection and transmission properties of two kinds of materials (Kevlar 49 fabric and Kevlar 49/Nomex blended fabric) and three weaves of aramid fabrics with different wavelength spectrum were evaluated by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectrophotometer analysis. The effects of fabric layers on the reflection and transmission performances of aramid fabric were also discussed. It indicated that the aramid fabrics have good thermal and light protective properties.
9
Yang, Kai, Ming Li Jiao, and Zheng Wang. "Study on the Effect of Cotton Fabric's Weight on its Dynamic Heat and Moisture Comfort Property." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.763.
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A series of experiments was performed on studying the dynamic heat and moisture transferring procedure and evaluating heat and moisture comfort properties of different weight cotton fabrics. In experiments, the real time changes of temperature and relative humidity in inner and outer surfaces of different cotton fabrics were measured using self-made textile-microclimate measuring instrument. Then, the temperature and relative humidity in inner surface of fabric, and the difference of temperature and relative humidity between inner and outer surfaces of fabric were analyzed. Finally, in order to evaluate cotton fabric's dynamic heat comfort property and dynamic moisture comfort property comprehensively, two dynamic values were introduced to make evaluation. Results show that as the increase of cotton fabric's weight, fabric will have better thermal insulation performance and worse moisture permeability performance.
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Mandal, Sumit, Simon Annaheim, Andre Capt, Jemma Greve, Martin Camenzind, and René M. Rossi. "A categorization tool for fabric systems used in firefighters' clothing based on their thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performances." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 16 (October 31, 2018): 3244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518809055.
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Fabric systems used in firefighters' thermal protective clothing should offer optimal thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performances. However, fabric systems that have very high thermal protective performance have very low thermo-physiological comfort performance. As these performances are inversely related, a categorization tool based on these two performances can help to find the best balance between them. Thus, this study is aimed at developing a tool for categorizing fabric systems used in protective clothing. For this, a set of commercially available fabric systems were evaluated and categorized. The thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performances were measured by standard tests and indexed into a normalized scale between 0 (low performance) and 1 (high performance). The indices dataset was first divided into three clusters by using the k-means algorithm. Here, each cluster had a centroid representing a typical Thermal Protective Performance Index (TPPI) value and a typical Thermo-physiological Comfort Performance Index (TCPI) value. By using the ISO 11612:2015 and EN 469:2014 guidelines related to the TPPI requirements, the clustered fabric systems were divided into two groups: Group 1 (high thermal protective performance-based fabric systems) and Group 2 (low thermal protective performance-based fabric systems). The fabric systems in each of these TPPI groups were further categorized based on the typical TCPI values obtained from the k-means clustering algorithm. In this study, these categorized fabric systems showed either high or low thermal protective performance with low, medium, or high thermo-physiological comfort performance. Finally, a tool for using these categorized fabric systems was prepared and presented graphically. The allocations of the fabric systems within the categorization tool have been verified based on their properties (e.g., thermal resistance, weight, evaporative resistance) and construction parameters (e.g., woven, nonwoven, layers), which significantly affect the performance. In this way, we identified key characteristics among the categorized fabric systems which can be used to upgrade or develop high-performance fabric systems. Overall, the categorization tool developed in this study could help clothing manufacturers or textile engineers select and/or develop appropriate fabric systems with maximum thermal protective performance and thermo-physiological comfort performance. Thermal protective clothing manufactured using this type of newly developed fabric system could provide better occupational health and safety for firefighters.
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Tian, Miao, Qi Wang, Yiting Xiao, Yun Su, Xianghui Zhang, and Jun Li. "Investigating the Thermal-Protective Performance of Fire-Retardant Fabrics Considering Garment Aperture Structures Exposed to Flames." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 3579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163579.
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The application of fire-retardant fabrics is essential for providing thermal protective function of the garments. Appropriate clothing design are beneficial for preventing the wearers from skin burn injuries and heat strains simultaneously. The intention of this work was to investigate the effects of clothing ventilation designs on its thermal protective performance by bench-scale tests. Four boundary conditions were designed to simulate the garment aperture structures on fabric level. Tests of thermal shrinkage, mass loss and time-to-second-degree-burns were performed with and without air gap under three heat-flux levels for two kinds of inherently fire-retardant fabrics. The impacts of fabric type, heat-flux level, air gap and boundary condition were analyzed. The presence of a 6.4-mm air gap could improve thermal protective performance of the fabrics, however, the garment openings would decrease this positive effects. More severe thermal aging found for spaced test configuration indicated the importance of balancing the service life and thermal protective performance of the clothing. The findings of this study implied that the characteristics of fabric type, air gap, boundary condition, and their effects on fabric thermal aging should be considered during clothing ventilation designs, to balance the thermal protection and comfort of the protective gear.
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Yang, Yang, Zhang Weijing, and Peihua Zhang. "Evaluation method for the hygroscopic and cooling function of knitted fabrics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (May 2, 2019): 5024–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519846069.
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The evaluation of thermal-wet properties contributes to the research and development of fabrics, but there is no effective method to address and achieve evaluation of the hygroscopic and cooling properties of knitted fabrics to date. Therefore, an evaluation method aiming at this issue was proposed, and based on experimental investigation the hygroscopic and cooling property of fabrics was estimated by the combined evaluation of moisture management and the thermal property in a dynamic state. The moisture management property shows the liquid water absorption and diffusion performance of fabrics. Beside this, the thermal properties of fabrics were tested respectively in the dry and wet states. The thermal property of dry fabric showed the heat transfer and radiation of fabric itself, whereas the thermal property of wet fabric demonstrated the combined effect of the coupled heat–moisture property of wet fabric and the cooling function of moisture evaporation and diffusion. Furthermore, the thermal properties of fabrics were tested using a YG606 II thermal resistance tester, which was refitted by a program to control heating power. Eight knitted fabric samples having different cooling comfortability rates or values were selected to verify the feasibility and effectivity of this method. The consistency of this method was also verified by the obtained experimental results. Based on the obtained results, it can be observed that this method was well consistent with verified experimental results. Therefore, an effective method for the evaluation of hygroscopic and cooling knitted fabrics was obtained that satisfies the measurement of performance, and desirable fabric properties can be achieved for various applications.
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Zhang, Hui, Guowen Song, Yiming Gu, Haitao Ren, and Juan Cao. "Effect of moisture content on thermal protective performance of fabric assemblies by a stored energy approach under flash exposure." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 16 (May 30, 2017): 1847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517712097.
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Firefighters wearing protective clothing perspire profusely in the process of performing their duties, and sweat increases moisture in the inner layers of multilayer protective clothing. Also, the outer shell fabrics inevitably become wet. In this study, two kinds of outer shell fabrics (aramid IIIA fabric and aramid 1313 and flame-retardant viscose-blended fabric) and three kinds of thermal liner fabrics with different thicknesses were selected. Two wetness conditions were investigated to simulate the sweating in thermal liner fabric with or without the wet outer shell fabric. A modified thermal protective performance (TPP) tester was employed to explore the effects of moisture and its distribution on stored thermal energy developed in six fabric systems and on TPP under flash exposure. Pearson correlations were established to analyze the relationships of the fabric systems’ thickness and second-degree burn time, and of absorbed energy and second-degree burn time in different configurations. The statistical analysis from these obtained data indicated that the thickness of fabric systems had no significant correlation for second-degree burn time ( p > 0.05), but the absorbed energy exhibited a strong relation (the lowest R2 value could reach 0.8070 and p-values were all much less than 0.05). Performance results for the wet thermal liner indicated that the negative impact on thermal protection reached the greatest degree in 15% wetness, but in some extreme situations (100% wetness), the performance was improved (the maximum increase can achieve 116.2% over performance in dry condition). However, the existing moisture in the outer shell showed a positive effect. These findings will enable the engineering of textile materials that achieve high performance protection from thermal hazards and give some guidance to firefighters during operations.
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Mandal, Sumit, and Guowen Song. "Characterizing Steam Penetration through Thermal Protective Fabric Materials." Textiles 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010002.
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This study performs an analysis of steam penetration through thermal protective fabric materials. Different, multilayered thermal protective fabrics were selected and tested in a laboratory-simulated steam exposure, and their steam protective performance (SPP) was measured in terms of the time required to generate second-degree burns on the bodies of wearers. Additionally, the total transmitted thermal energy (TTTE) through the fabrics during testing was measured. Through statistical analysis, it was established that fabric properties, namely air permeability and thickness, are the key factors that affect the SPP and TTTE; the relationship among the fabric properties, SPP, and TTTE is also summarized. Theoretically, it has been found that heat and mass (steam) transfer occur through fabrics in the course of steam exposure, which mainly affect the SPP and TTTE. This study could help textile/materials engineers to develop high performance thermal protective fabrics for the increased occupational health and safety of firefighters and industrial workers.
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Mandal, Sumit, Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder, Robert J. Agnew, Indu Bala Grover, Guowen Song, and Rui Li. "Using Artificial Neural Network Modeling to Analyze the Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Textile Fabrics Used in Oilfield Workers’ Clothing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 6991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136991.
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Most of the fatalities and injuries of oilfield workers result from inadequate protection and comfort by their clothing under various work hazards and ambient environments. Both the thermal protective performance and thermo-physiological comfort performance of textile fabrics used in clothing significantly contribute to the mitigation of workers’ skin burns and heat-stress-related deaths. This study aimed to apply the ANN modeling approach to analyze clothing performance considering the wearers’ sweat moisture and the microclimate air gap that is generated in between their body and clothing. Firstly, thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fire protective textiles used in oilfield workers’ clothing were characterized. Different fabric properties (e.g., thickness, weight, fabric count), thermal protective performance, and thermo-physiological comfort performance were measured. The key fabric property that affects thermal protective and thermo-physiological performance was identified as thickness by statistical analysis. The ANN modeling approach could be successfully implemented to analyze the performance of fabrics in order to predict the performance more conveniently based on the fabric properties. It is expected that the developed models could inform on-duty oilfield workers about protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance and provide them with occupational health and safety.
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Mandal, Sumit, Simon Annaheim, Martin Camenzind, and René M. Rossi. "Characterization and modelling of thermal protective performance of fabrics under different levels of radiant-heat exposures." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 7 (February 28, 2018): 1184–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718760801.
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The investigation of thermal protective performance of fabrics is highly relevant in order to procure and further develop the firefighters' protective clothing. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the thermal protective performance of fabrics used in firefighters' clothing under different levels of radiant-heat exposures. For this, properties of a set of thermal protective single- and multi-layered fabrics were measured, and these fabrics were tested under radiant-heat exposures using the Method B of ISO 6942:2002 standard. During the testing, fabrics were exposed to low (10 kW/m2), medium (40 kW/m2), and high (80 kW/m2) intensity radiant-heat exposures; and the heat transfer level (i.e., time required to increase the skin temperature of a wearer/firefighter by certain degrees) through these fabrics were calculated to measure their thermal protective performance. The effects of fabric parameters, structures, properties, and radiant-heat intensities on the protective performance were characterized, and fabric properties that significantly affected the protective performance were statistically identified at different level of radiant-heat exposures. It has been found that weight, thickness, thermal resistance, and evaporative resistance can positively affect the protective performance. Also, the significant fabric properties affecting the protective performance vary for single- and multi-layered fabrics. By using these significant properties, the protective performance of single- and multi-layered fabrics were also separately predicted by mathematical models, i.e., multiple linear regression models and multiple logarithmic regression models. As per the findings of this study, multiple linear regression models can effectively be used to predict the thermal protective performance of fabrics. This study will lead towards building a better understanding and prediction of thermal protective performance of fabrics under radiant-heat exposures.
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Siddiqui, Muhammad Owais Raza, and Danmei Sun. "Thermal analysis of conventional and performance plain woven fabrics by finite element method." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 4 (October 16, 2017): 685–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717736104.
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The research reports the development of geometrical models of woven fabric structures and evaluation of fabric thermal properties by using finite element method. A mesoscopic scale modelling approach was used to investigate the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of woven textile structures. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and experimental methods, have been adopted to obtain the actual three-dimensional parameters of the fabrics for finite element analysis. The research revealed that the thermal anisotropy of fibres, fibres material orientation and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of fibre has a significant impact on the effective thermal conductivity of fabrics because experimental and simulated results were highly correlated with the consideration of above-mentioned factors.
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Hassan Mohammed Ali, Akram, and Weidong Yu. "Thermal protective performance of multilayer fire fighting fabric." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2013-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate thermal protection provided by the fire fighting fabric systems with different layer under high-level thermal hazards with a typical temperature range of 800-1,000°C. The purpose of these fabric systems was to provide actual protection against burn injuries using garments worn by industrial workers, fire fighters and military personnel, etc. Design/methodology/approach – The fabric system was consist of glass with aluminum foil as an outer layer, non-woven basalt, non-woven glass fabric containing NaCl-MgCl2 and Galactitol phase change materials (PCM) which simulate multilayer fire fighter protective clothing system. Thermal protective performance tests were applied for thermal analysis and used as an attempt to quantify the insulating characteristics of fabrics under conditions of flash over temperature. The surface of fire fighting multilayer protective fabric has been characterized using the UV-Vis-NIR (ultraviolet-visible-near infrared) spectrophotometer Findings – The clothing shows good thermal insulation and high-temperature drop during flash over environment and avoid second degree burn. The current PCM obvious advantages such as the ability to work in high temperature, high efficiency a long period of practical performance. Originality/value – Using this design of composite multilayer technology incorporating two stages of PCM may provide people with better protection against the fire exposure and increasing the duration time which was estimated to be more than five minutes to prevent burn injuries.
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Li, Fei Fei, Chun Qin Zheng, Guan Mei Qin, and Xiao Hong Zhou. "Research on Thermal Protective Performance of Thermal Insulation and Flame-Retardant Protective Clothing." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.607.
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Thermal insulation and flame-retardant (TIFR) protective clothing, which has good thermal protective performance (TPP), could protect people from high-temperature or flame in casting industry, the petrochemical industry, fire industry and et al. That is, TIFR protective clothing must have certain function of slowing or restraining heat transmission, and insulating radiant heat and convection heat from high temperature heat source. The construction of TIFR protective clothing is being developed from single layer to multi-layer fabrics made by flame-retardant (FR) fibre. In this paper, based on TPP-206 tester, the TPP coefficient of single and multi-layer fabrics with flame-retardant were measured, and the TPP of TIFR protective clothing was analyzed. TPP coefficient of single fabrics included the FR viscose non-woven fabric do not meet the standard. That of all of multi-layer fabrics meet the standard requirement, and the FR viscose/wool blended fabric is not suitable for fire fighter. It is significant and the most observable effect to put the PTFE membrane between the outer layer and the insulating layer. It could improve the overall thermal protection performance.
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Yang, Yang, Xin Yu, Xungai Wang, Yanlin Sun, Peihua Zhang, and Xin Liu. "Effect of jade nanoparticle content and twist of cool-touch polyester filaments on comfort performance of knitted fabrics." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 21-22 (April 27, 2020): 2385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520920950.
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Cool-touch polyester knitted fabrics with excellent thermal-wet and cooling comfort ability are desired for summer and sports clothing. Jade nanoparticle content and twist of filaments have significant effects on comfort-related properties. In this work, the effects of jade content and twist level of two types of cross-section polyester filament on fabric comfort-related properties were investigated in detail. Filaments were prepared and further knitted to fabric samples. The physical performance of polyester filaments, the thermal-wet transfer properties and dynamic cooling property of their fabrics were measured and analyzed. It was found that the jade nanoparticles mainly affected thermal transfer property of fabrics, and the best thermal transfer was exhibited by fabric with 7% cool-touch PET chip. With the increase of twist level, air permeability, water spreading and drying performance improved but thermal transfer ability decreased, and lower twist level of yarns was beneficial for achieving real moisture cooling properties. These results showed a major advance in developing thermal-wet comfort knitted fabrics using cool-touch filaments with appropriate twist level.
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Liu, Guoyi, Yuanjun Liu, and Xiaoming Zhao. "Effects of the Potassium Titanate Functional Filler Types on the Thermal Protection Performance of Heat Resistant Ablative Coated Fabrics." Nano 13, no. 02 (February 2018): 1850014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018500145.
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Considering sub-micron potassium titanate whiskers (BX-101), nanoscale potassium titanate whiskers (AX-301), sub-micron potassium titanate whiskers (AX-316) and high strength potassium titanate crystal (AX-319) as functional fillers, heat resistant ablative coated fabrics which have high radiant heat reflectivity were prepared. The effect of the type of functional filler on the thermal protection performance of heat resistant ablative coated fabrics was mainly discussed. Research showed that the microstructure of potassium titanate functional filler had a significant impact on the radiant heat reflectivity and thermal insulation performance of the prepared coated fabric. The coated fabric which took nanoscale potassium titanate whiskers (AX-301) with a minimum diameter and greater length-diameter ratio as functional filler has the highest thermal reflectivity and the best insulation property. Heat ray reflectivity of potassium titanate coated fabrics had positive correlation with their crystallinities. The higher the coated fabric crystallinity was, the greater the heat ray reflectivity. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that after adding four kinds of potassium titanate fillers, the thermal stability of the prepared coated fabrics was enhanced, and the nanoscale potassium titanate whiskers (AX-301) coated fabrics had the best thermal stability.
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Khoddami, Akbar, Mohammad I. Soleimani, and Hugh Gong. "Effects of finishing on the mechanical and thermal properties of fabrics from wool and hollow polyester fibres." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 19 (November 2011): 2006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511407381.
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The effects of finishing steps on hollow and solid polyester/wool have been studied in order to establish the processing behaviour and performance characteristics of fabrics from these fibres. The effect of hollow fibres on fabric tensile strength, pilling, and crease recovery were studied. In addition, the water vapour permeability, air permeability, thermal properties and fabric handle were investigated. The results show that finishing has no adverse effects on fabric strength. By using hollow fibres in the fabrics, the extent of pilling was reduced. Among the different steps of finishing, scouring has the most significant effect on fabric hand due mainly to the large reduction in both bending, and shear rigidity and hysteresis. The results on crease recovery, water vapour permeability and air permeability revealed that the fabric properties are more affected by the fabric structure than the type of polyester fibre. In addition, while the hollow fibre fabrics always have lower thermal conductivity than similar fabrics with solid polyester fibres, their thermal properties are greatly affected by the dyeing process.
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Kim, Hyun-Ah. "Moisture Vapor Permeability and Thermal Wear Comfort of Ecofriendly Fiber-Embedded Woven Fabrics for High-Performance Clothing." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 6205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206205.
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This study examined the moisture vapor permeability and thermal wear comfort of ecofriendly fiber-embedded woven fabrics in terms of the yarn structure and the constituent fiber characteristics according to two measuring methods. The moisture vapor permeability measured using the upright cup (CaCl2) method (JIS L 1099A-1) was primarily dependent on the hygroscopicity of the ecofriendly constituent fibers in the yarns and partly influenced by the pore size in the fabric because of the yarn structure. On the other hand, the moisture vapor resistance measured using the sweating guarded hot plate method (ISO 11092) was governed mainly by the fabric pore size and partly by the hygroscopicity of the constituent ecofriendly fibers. The difference between the two measuring methods was attributed to the different mechanisms in the measuring method. The thermal conductivity as a measure of the thermal wear comfort of the composite yarn fabrics was governed primarily by the pore size in the fabric and partly by the thermal characteristics of the constituent fibers in the yarns. Lastly, considering market applications, the Coolmax®/Tencel sheath/core fabric appears useful for winter warm feeling clothing because of its the good breathability with low thermal conductivity. The bamboo and Coolmax®/bamboo fabrics are suitable for summer clothing with a cool feel because of their high thermal conductivity with good breathability. Overall, ecofriendly fibers (bamboo and Tencel) are of practical use for marketing environmentallyfriendly high-performance clothing.
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Wang, Chaolong, Jiashuang Luan, Zhiping Xu, Wenyan Zhao, and Mei Zhang. "Preparation and properties of a novel, high-performance polyether ether ketone fabric." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 7 (September 20, 2017): 794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317731135.
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In this study, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) fibers were produced by melt spinning method and woven to form fabrics. Several characterization tests were conducted with fiber tensile testing machine, scanning electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimeter to investigate the basic properties of PEEK fibers. Electric fabric strength, thermal performance, and corrosion resistance of PEEK fabric were also investigated. The commercial samples of NomexIIIA (imported) and Aramid1313 fabrics (made in China) were selected as control groups to evaluate the performance of developed fabrics. The results indicate that the PEEK fabrics have higher breaking strength, better corrosion resistance, and greater thermal stability than the other two commercial fabrics in the control group. The total friction of the PEEK fabric reached 30,000 times when two separate yarns in fabric were broken completely, and the breaking strength was in the range of 830–1422 N. The surface of PEEK fibers remained smooth, and there was no deformation after handling by 30% sodium hydroxide and 36% hydrochloric acid for 48 h; additionally, there was no weight loss. The melting point of PEEK fabric was 342.89°C, and it lost 5% of its weight at 574°C. The research shows that as a novel high-performance textile, PEEK fabrics with a long service temperature of 260°C have significant advantages in the improvement of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of textiles, especially enhancing the stability under high-concentration alkaline environment. This work can provide novel avenues for the development of high-performance fibers and products with applications in special harsh environments.
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Zhang, Ru Quan, Jian Qiang Li, Jing Jing Xu, and Jian Zheng Liu. "Dynamic Heat Conductivity Property of Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.845.
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By the use of self-developed dynamic heat transfer testing device of the fabric, we have tested the temperature curves of four different materials as cotton, hemp, silk and wool fabrics with time and analyzed the characteristics of the endothermic curves of the fabric. Compared with the conventional plate method we have obtained more information on thermal conduction of the fabric. Furthermore, we have discussed the effects of different materials and different structural parameters on the dynamic thermal conductivity performance of the fabric. It also provides a new way and method for the research and development of the thermal comfort products.
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MÜGE, DURSUN, ŞENOL YAVUZ, BULGUN ENDER YAZGAN, and AKKAN TANER. "Neural network based thermal protective performance prediction of three-layered fabrics for firefighter clothing." Industria Textila 70, no. 01 (March 1, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.01.1527.
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The firefighter protective clothing is comprised of three main layers; an outer shell, a moisture barrier and a thermal liner. This three-layered fabric structure provides protection against the fire and extremely hot environments. Various parameters such as fabric construction, weight, warp/weft count, warp/weft density, thickness, water vapour resistance of the fabric layers have effect on the protective performance as heat transfer through the firefighter clothing. In this study, it is aimed to examine the predictability of the heat transfer index of three-layered fabrics, as function of the fabric parameters using artificial neural networks. Therefore, 64 different three layered-fabric assembly combinations of the firefighter clothing were obtained and the convective heat transfer (HTI) and radiant heat transfer (RHTI) through the fabric combinations were measured in a laboratory. Six multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) each with a single hidden layer and the same 12 input data were constructed to predict the convective heat transfer performance and the radiant heat transfer performance of three-layered fabrics separately. The networks 1 to 4 were trained to predict HTI12, HTI24, RHTI12, and RHTI24, respectively, while networks 5 and 6 had two outputs, HTI12 and HTI24, and RHTI12 and RHTI24, respectively. Each system indicates a good correlation between the predicted values and the experimental values. The results demonstrate that the proposed MLPNNs are able to predict the convective heat transfer and the radiant heat transfer effectively. However, the neural network with two outputs has slightly better prediction performance
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Yang, Meng xing, Yi Zhang, Hua Wu Liu, and Qiu Ting Zheng. "Factors Affecting Thermal and Moisture Comfort of Bamboo Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.808.
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The fluid permeability and thermal conductivity of bamboo, cotton and ramie fabrics were measured and analyzed using variance analysis and principal component analysis. After the evaluation of the heat and mass transfer properties of these fabrics, it was found that the bamboo fabric owns the best thermal and moisture performance, in terms of wearing comfort.
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Gu, Hai Lan, and Wei Zhang. "Optimization Research in Heat-Moisture Comfort Evaluation System Parameters of Fabric Based on Matlab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1514.
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Heat-moisture comfort of the fabric is an important part to judge its performance. The research of heat-moisture is a frontier topic in the field of modern textile technology, increasingly brought to the attention of the national textile field researchers and become a hot issue worldwide.This topic research personnel, in the use of multiple regression analysis method to establish the fabric heat transfer law of mathematical model, using the method of unified goal of thermal and moisture comfortable building fabric performance comprehensive evaluation system, based on the thermal wet comfort properties of fabrics parameters optimization research. In establishing the evaluation system of fabric heat-moisture comfort performance, mathematical knowledge-based on Matlab software is a tool to solve practical problems. Heat-moisture transfer fabric and strive to build a mathematical model of the law, as well as comprehensive evaluation system of heat-moisture comfort performance, providing an important reference for technical textile enterprises to develop new products, enhance and improve the performance of the heat and moisture comfort of fabric.
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Yang, Yunchu, Jiangrui Qian, and Yang Chen. "Multi-scale modeling and thermal transfer properties of electric heating fabrics system." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2019-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermal transfer properties of electric heating fabric system which contains heating units or conductive yarns by numerical simulation, in order to optimize and evaluate the thermal performance of heating clothing. Design/methodology/approach Two kinds of FEM models are created by ANSYS system: macro-scale models of the fabrics system with heating units and air layer; and meso-scale models of the plain-woven fabrics were established embedded with the stainless yarns. In the macro-scale model, the interior and surface temperature field distribution were simulated and analyzed based on different heating unit size, heating power, heating region, air layer thickness and ambient temperature. For meso-scale models, the effects of the conductive yarns temperature, covering fabrics and pore-filling material on the temperature field distribution were simulated and analyzed. Findings With the increasing of the air layer thickness or the effective conductivity, the heat transfer along the direction of fabric thickness decreases gradually. The heat transfer along the fabric plane can be increased by dispersing the heating region. With the increasing of the conductive yarns’ temperature or the covering fabrics’ conductivity, the heat transfer distance along the fabric warp direction can be increased. Filling the internal pores of the fabric with 10 wt% SiC/TPU hybrid materials can effectively increase the in-plane heat transfer and improve the temperature uniformity on the surface of heated fabrics. Originality/value The finite element method was used to establish the simulation models of the heating fabric systems. The influence of several parameters on the thermal performance was analyzed and discussed, as well as the internal and external temperature distribution in the macro and micro scales models.
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Yang, Yang, Liqun Chen, Tayyab Naveed, Peihua Zhang, and Amjad Farooq. "Influence of fabric structure and finishing pattern on the thermal and moisture management properties of unidirectional water transport knitted polyester fabrics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (June 22, 2018): 1983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518783349.
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The thermal-wet-comfort characteristic of fabrics is primary to clothing for human bodies. The comfort aptitudes in the fabrics increase the significance of attire and are gaining more interest in the global market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of finishing patterns and fabric structure parameters on the comfort performance, air permeability, wicking effect, one-way water transport properties and thermal-physiological properties of unidirectional water transport knitted polyester fabrics. Eight samples are developed by hydrophobic finishing, which possessed good moisture management properties. The result implies that with the intensity of pores, there is an increase in the capillary effect of moisture absorption and transportation in the fabrics. Further, the escalation of the hydrophilic area to a hydrophobic area and regularity in the finishing pattern make the fabrics better in performance for unidirectional water transmission and thermal-wet comfortability. The statistical analysis indicates that the fabric structure and finishing patterns have a significant effect ( p = 0.01) on moisture management properties. The fabric with a rib air structure and finishing pattern with ratio (69%) of the hydrophilic area to the hydrophobic area has the best regularity and moisture management property.
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Chen, Xu, Bingyang Wu, Ying Fan, Xingyuan Duan, and Musheng Yang. "Temperature adjusting performance of thermoregulated woven fabric finished with phase-change microcapsule in low-temperature environment." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019887289.
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This study deals with the temperature adjusting performance of thermoregulated woven fabric based on phase-change microcapsules in low-temperature environment. Phase-change microcapsules containing n-octadecane (MicroC18) with melamine–urea–formaldehyde as shell were synthesized by an in situ polymerization using styrene maleic anhydride copolymer as emulsifying agent. Surface morphology, chemical structure, and thermal properties of MicroC18 were, respectively, characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The results indicate that a series of microcapsules with spherical shapes were fabricated with about 20.6-μm weight-average particle size. Latent heat is about 188.2 J/g and encapsulation efficiency of n-octadecane (C18) is 85.2%. Phase-change microcapsule composite fabric was prepared through foaming method with plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave as substrates. Thermal insulation property, low-temperature resistance, air permeability, and mechanical property of the finished fabric were investigated. The results show that the cooling rate of finished fabric is significantly slower, and low-temperature resistance time increases. Finished satin fabric has the best thermal resistance performance. The air permeability of finished fabrics is lightly reduced, and final elongation in warp and weft are increased by 16.5% and 15.2%, respectively.
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Su, Yun, Jiazhen He, and Jun Li. "An improved model to analyze radiative heat transfer in flame-resistant fabrics exposed to low-level radiation." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 16 (August 9, 2016): 1953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516660892.
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An improved heat transfer model, based on the two-flux model, in a multilayer flame-resistant fabric system with an air gap was proposed. The developed model considered the thermal radiation by absorbing, transmitting, emitting and reflecting in porous fabrics. The predicted results of the new model were compared with the previous Beer’s law model and the experimental results, and were found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of radiant heat transfer in the multilayer fabric system and the effects of the optical properties of flame-resistant fabric on heat transfer in the fabric system. The numerical results demonstrated that the self-emission in multilayer fabric system increases not only the rate of thermal energy transferred to human skin during thermal exposure, but also the rate of thermal energy transmitting to the ambience during cooling. The fabric’s optical properties have a complex influence on the transmitted and stored energy in multilayer protective clothing. The finding obtained in this study can provide references for the improvement of the thermal protective performance of flame-resistant fabrics.
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Lin, Lina, Tiancheng Jiang, Yonghong Liang, Md Nahid Pervez, Rahul Navik, Bo Gao, Yingjie Cai, Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan, Naveeta Kumari, and Vincenzo Naddeo. "Influence of Sequential Liquid Ammonia and Caustic Mercerization Pre-Treatment on Dyeing Performance of Knit Cotton Fabric." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051758.
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A two-stage sequential pretreatment including caustic mercerization (CM) and liquid ammonia (LA) treatment was applied to investigate the influence on dyeing performance and handle of knit cotton fabric, and the relationship between dye size and dyeing properties. Various techniques were applied to characterize all the treated fabrics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses of the treated fabrics confirmed that both sequential treatments decreased the crystallinity of cotton fabric more than only the CM or LA treatment. The pattern of cellulose I was transferred to a mixed configuration of cellulose II and cellulose III after the CM/LA or LA/CM treatment. Thermal performances measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) techniques showed that the thermal stability of the treated cotton only marginally decreased. The wicking height increased after the sequential CM/LA treatment, indicating that the hydrophilicity of the fabric increased. The dye absorption and color uniformity were better for the reactive dye with a smaller molecular weight (Reactive Red 2) compared with the one with a larger molecular weight (Reactive Red 195). The total dye fixation efficiency (T%) increased to 72.93% and 73.24% for Reactive Red 2 dyeings of CM/LA- and LA/CM-cotton fabric from 46.75% of the untreated fabric, respectively; the T% increased to 65.33% and 72.27% for Reactive Red 195 dyeings of CM/LA- and LA/CM-cotton fabric from 35.17% of the untreated fabric, respectively. The colorfastness and dye exhaustion and fixation percentages of the samples were enhanced after the treatments. Furthermore, compared to the single CM or LA treatment, the softness handle properties were further improved after the fabrics were sequentially treated by CM/LA. The developed pre-treatment of CM/LA can be used in the textile industry to promote the dyeability, handle, and mechanical properties of knit cotton fabrics.
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Tashkandi, Salwa, Li Jing Wang, Sinnappoo Kanesalingam, and Amit Jadhav. "Thermal Comfort Characteristics of Knitted Fabrics for Abaya." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.164.
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Fabric material plays an important role in the thermal comfort of Abaya because it is the outer garment of Muslim women. Abaya is black in colour and covers the whole body except the hands, feet and face. It is mandatory to wear Abaya in the Saudi Arabia and certain parts of Middle East countries irrespective of the outside environmental temperature which could be up to 45°C. Therefore, the thermal transmission characteristics of the abaya are extremely important as human body responds to the external thermal environment through clothing. In a hot environment, it is extremely uncomfortable to wear several layers of clothing under the Abaya. Hence it is essential to enhance the thermal comfort of fabrics used for Abaya. This study investigated five selected knitted fabrics that could be used as Abaya fabrics for thermal resistance, air permeability, thermal comfort and vapour resistance. The results indicated that the fabrics with different knit structures, fibre composition and fabric weight have greater influence on thermal comfort performance.
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Wu, Shaofei. "Construction of visual 3-D fabric reinforced composite thermal performance prediction system." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part A (2019): 2857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190104200w.
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In view of the construction of a visualized 3-D thermal performance prediction system for fabric reinforced composites, the thermal constants analyzer was used to analyze and compare the thermal conductivity of the 3-D fabric reinforced composites by experimental methods, such as fiber volume fraction, internal braiding angle, and different yarn reduction methods and fabric structures. The factors influencing the thermal conductivity of 3-D fabric reinforced composites were studied, and the principle of thermal conductivity was analyzed. The thermal expansion coefficients of 3-D fabric reinforced composites in X- and Y-directions are one order of magnitude smaller than those in Z-directions. When aramid fabric is used as reinforcement, the composites with negative thermal expansion coefficients can be designed. The research results provide the necessary basis for the design, application and theoretical research of the 3-D fabric reinforced composites in heat conduction. Through the research of this paper, it lays a foundation for the process selection, performance design and structure optimization of this kind of material, and promotes the further application of 3-D braided composites.
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Yu, Yao, and Xiao Ming Qian. "The Effect of Material Performances of Knit Fabric on Clothing Comfort." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.717.
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With the purpose of clothing thermal-wet comfort, this paper chooses clothing materials to be the object of study. The research focuses on how performances of clothing materials and parameters which affect performances of clothing materials influence on clothing comfort. And this paper is proposed that "Fiber - Yarn - Fabrics - Clothing" can be made as the research system for the first time in the field of clothing thermal-wet comfort studying. According to the experiments, it analysis that these three variables— “fibers”, “yarn properties” and “fabric performance”— affect clothing thermal-wet comfort. Based on the contrastive analysis of test result, it can gain the effect of these three variables on clothing comfort. The result is, 1, in these three variables, the effect of yarn fineness on thermal insulation is the highest level of significance, and the second one is fibrousrawmaterials. 2,under the situation which other two ones among these three variables are constant in chosen laboratory samples of this paper, the knitting fabric which is with the cotton fabric, 14.6tex, jacquard weave is the best comfortable.
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Zhu, Licheng, Xungai Wang, Ian Blanchonette, and Maryam Naebe. "Thermal comfort properties of bifacial fabrics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517736473.
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Bifacial fabrics, with a single jersey on one face and a plain weave on the other, were produced on a purpose-built machine. Thermal comfort properties of bifacial fabrics were compared with conventional woven and knitted fabrics and the effect of weft density and loop length of bifacial fabrics on their thermal comfort properties was investigated. While different fabric structures were produced with the same wool, acrylic, and polyester yarns, the findings confirmed that the bifacial fabric is warmer (lower total heat loss) and more breathable (higher permeability index ( im)) than the corresponding woven and knitted fabrics. Increasing the loop length of bifacial fabrics enhanced evaporative resistance, air permeability, warm feeling, thermal resistance, and water vapor permeability index, yet reduced total heat loss. An increase in the weft density of bifacial fabrics led to higher evaporative resistance, warmer feeling, higher thermal resistance, lower air permeability, and total heat loss. However, the permeability index did not change with an increase in weft density. This study suggests that thermal comfort properties of bifacial fabrics can be optimized by modifying structural parameters to engineer high-performance textiles.
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Zhang, Fangjun, Jinping Guan, and Guoqiang Chen. "Performance of Flame Retardant Wool Fabric Grafted with Vinyl Phosphate." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 1 (March 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900105.
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In this paper, a flame retardant dimethyl-2–(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DMMEP) was applied to wool fabrics by the graft copolymerization technique initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS) in water media. FTIR and SEM testing were used to explore the grafting evidence on the fiber surface, the SEM results show chemical deposition on the wool fiber surface and the scales could not be seen clearly. FTIR testing exhibited IR absorption of DMMEP on the wool fiber. Thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and char residue morphology SEM observation show the decomposition mode of wool fabrics and infer the possible flame retardant mechanism. The phosphorus based flame retardant DMMEP was prone to promote more nonflammble char during combustion, and increased add-on of DMMEP produced increased fabric char. With a DMMEP add-on increase from 50% to 100% on the weight of wool fabric, the treated wool fabric demonstrated high flame retardancy with an LOI above 35% which means it can not be ignited with a candle like fire, and could pass the vertical flammability test. DMMEP treatment slightly affected whiteness and moisture regain, but yielded a relatively large decrease in permeability and tensile strength, which should be explored further in later research.
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Islam, Syed Rashedul, Weidong Yu, and Tayyab Naveed. "Influence of silica aerogels on fabric structural feature for thermal isolation properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501986644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019866446.
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Textile clothing coated with silica aerogels has the potential of thermal insulation performance for heating and cooling. This work investigated the thermal isolation properties of untreated and treated three-layered weft-knitted spacer fabrics with different thicknesses (2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm) by using silica aerogels. Three samples of spacer fabrics (300GSM, 350GSM, 540GSM) were coated with nanoporous silica aerogel at a 26°C temperature and then kept for aging, exchanging the solvent, surface modification. The characteristics, for example, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, yarn arrangement angle, porosity, and air permeability of spacer fabric samples, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflection test were conducted to explore the surface morphology and surface changes initiated by the silica coating. The experimental results indicated that the treated weft-knitted spacer fabrics with 350GSM have a higher thermal resistance of 0.09131 m2 K W−1, higher porosity ratio, higher air permeability, higher arrangement angle, and lower density. The statistical analysis also verified the significant performance (p = 0.000) of treated fabric samples at the 0.05 level.
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Mandal, Sumit, Simon Annaheim, Thomas Pitts, Martin Camenzind, and René M. Rossi. "Studies of the thermal protective performance of fabrics under fire exposure: from small-scale to hexagon tests." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 20 (August 2, 2017): 2339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517723020.
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This study aims to investigate the thermal protective performance of fabrics used in firefighters' clothing under high-intensity fire exposure. The performance of thermal protective fabric systems with different physical properties was evaluated under laboratory simulated fire exposure. Additionally, the influence of the configuration of the fire exposure tests and modes of heat transfer through the fabrics was also thoroughly investigated. The protective performance was evaluated using the standard small-scale flame [International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9151:1995] and radiant heat (ISO 6942:2002) exposure tests. Additionally, the protective performance was evaluated under flash-fire exposure using a newly developed hexagon test. The protective performance values obtained from the small-scale (flame and radiant heat) and hexagon (flash fire) tests were compared and discussed. It has been found that a multi-layered fabric with high weight, thickness, and thermal resistance can significantly and positively affect the protective performance. If the air permeability of this fabric is high, it can show a lower protective performance; however, the impact of air permeability on the protective performance is insignificant especially in the case of the hexagon test. Notably, the protective performance can differ under two types of small-scale tests − flame and radiant heat. Also, this protective performance value is generally higher in the case of hexagon test in comparison with the small-scale tests. These differences in protective performance are mainly due to the unique configurations of these tests and/or different modes of heat transfer through the tested fabrics. The findings from this study will guide textile or materials engineers in the design and selection of materials for high performance thermal protective clothing; in turn, it will improve the occupational health and safety for firefighters.
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Guo, Feng Yu, Mu Ying Yang, Ya Cao, and Tie Ling Xing. "Preparation, Structure and Properties of ε–Polylysine Grafted Silk Fabric with Laccase." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.195.
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Silk fabric was treated with laccase and then grafted by εpolylysine (εPLL). The optimal enzymatic reaction condition was investigated through the change of dissolved oxygen concentration during the enzymatic reaction. The results of amino acid analysis and SEM of finished silk fabrics indicated that the εPLL was grafted onto silk fabrics. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the thermal stability performance of the finished fabric was slightly improved. The crease resistance of the finished silk increased, especially the wet wrinkle resistance property of the finished silk fabric was significantly improved. The gas permeability, strength and whiteness slightly decreased, which hardly impact the wearability of the fabric.
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George, Philip, Shantanu Bhowmik, Mathew Abraham, PK Sriram, Mohan kumar Pitchan, and G. Ajeesh. "High-performance fire-resistant polymeric nanocomposite for aerospace applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716660874.
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This investigation essentially highlights development of novel high-performance fire-resistant polymeric nanocomposite with respect to its orientation towards future generation aviation. Therefore, an attempt has been made to increase thermal stability and fire resistivity of phenolic/cotton fabric reinforced polymer composite, which is desirable for aircraft interiors. There is considerable increase in adhesion characteristics of phenolic fabric reinforced polymer composite due to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. The phenolic fabric reinforced polymer is subsequently coated with nanosized calcium silicate reinforced polybenzimidazole composite in order to increase thermal stability and fire resistance property. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that polybenzimidazole-coated fabric reinforced polymer shows significantly better thermal stability than the uncoated phenolic fabric reinforced polymer. There is a significant increase in the limiting oxygen index characteristics of polybenzimidazole-coated fabric reinforced polymer when compared to the uncoated phenolic composite resulting in considerable improvement in fire resistivity of the polymers.
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Lin, Jia Horng, Chen Hung Huang, Kuo Cheng Tai, Chia Chang Lin, Yi Ting Tsai, and Ching Wen Lou. "Processing Technique of Sound Absorbent/Thermal-Insulating/Flame Retardant Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2729.
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This research is to develop a processing technique for fabricating the three-dimensional nonwoven fabric with the sound absorption capability and flame retardant capability. Furthermore, the physical properties and functionalities of the three-dimensional nonwoven fabric are adequately evaluated and tested. Several nonwoven fabrics are fabricated by two polyester fibers with different denier numbers and the low-melting-point fibers. Then, multiple nonwoven fabrics are used to make three-dimensional nonwoven fabrics through lapping, needle-punching process. After being reinforced by heating in the hot air circulation oven, the physical properties of three-dimensional nonwoven fabrics such as tensile strength, breathability, sound-absorption coefficients, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and thermal conductive coefficients are properly evaluated. Subsequently, the influence of fiber faintness on the performance of sound-absorption and thermal insulation of three-dimensional nonwoven fabrics is carefully examined through the obtained results.
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Meng, Xu, Zhihao Ji, Fenfen Xi, Sijia Fu, Aiqin Hou, Kongliang Xie, and Liping Liang. "Preparation and Performance of Cotton Fabric with Antibacterial and Hydrophobic Properties Based on Click Reaction." Journal of Cotton Science 27, no. 1 (2023): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/flcf9505.
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A simple modification method for creating cotton fabrics with hydrophobic and antibacterial surface properties is proposed. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles were obtained and added to a mixed solution of ethanol and silver nitrate to form a composite solution, and the SiO2/Ag+ composite solution was used to modify the cotton fabric. Then, the fabric was modified by self-assembly of (3-mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane (MPTES), and the modified fabric was completed by grafting dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate using click chemistry technology. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG), and contact angle measuring instruments were used to characterize the surface morphology and wettability of the cotton fabric. The results showed that the modified cotton fabric had a contact angle of 114.3 ° and still had good hydrophobicity after being subjected to multiple frictions. The modified cotton fabric also showed good antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a Petri dish.
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Abo El-Ola, Samiha M., Mahmoud H. Elshakankery, and Rehab M. Kotb. "Integration of nanocomposite finishing on polyester fabric for enhanced UV protection, performance, and comfort properties." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502211194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221119447.
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This research focuses on the integration between functional finishing and the performance properties of polyester fabric for comfortable clothes. The effects of nanofinishing (zinc oxide nanoparticles and nano-polyurethane nanocomposite) on the ultraviolet protection properties of polyester fabric, the whiteness index, and the Kawabata Evaluation System were studied. Under the optimum finishing conditions, excellent protection (150) was achieved at lower concentrations of the nanocomposite, and zinc oxide nanoparticles individually enhanced the whiteness index (73). The results of the Kawabata Evaluation System showed that the finishing processes improved mechanical and performance properties (tensile, shearing, bending, compression, surface roughness, thermal, and hand properties), indicating that all the finished fabrics offered enhanced functionality, thermal and comfort properties. Enhanced total hand value properties (3.7 for summer and 5.1 for winter) were realized by finishing, assuming the finished fabrics were applied to men’s shirts and women’s dresses for summer and winter apparel. Scanning electron microscopy and energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy analyses showed a uniform layer of zinc oxide nanoparticles and nano polyurethane on the fiber surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the structural changes in the finished fabric.
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Wang, Fei, Zheng Liu, and Xiu E. Bai. "Comprehensive Evaluation on Heat-Moisture Comfort Performance of Knitted Fabrics Made from PTT Blended Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1639.
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The PTT (Poly Trimethylene Terephthalate) fiber has been used widely in the clothing field for its excellent performance, but the application of its short fibers blended fabric needs to be further researched. At present, cotton fabrics and modal fabrics are chosen to make thin underwear. In this paper, PTT/Viloft/Spandex, JC/PTT/ Spandex, Modal/PTT/ Spandex, FI-R/PTT/ Spandex and Linen/PTT/C/ Spandex blended knitted fabrics of same count are chosen to study. Their air permeability, moisture permeability, thermal resistance, wicking are tested and evaluated. And gray pertinence method is chosen to make comprehensive evaluation on heat-moisture comfort performance of fabrics, the result is that Linen/PTT/C/ Spandex blended fabric has the best heat-moisture comfort performance. It provids certain theoretical support for the application of knitted fabrics made from PTT blended fabrics in the field of underwear.
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Kiš, Ana, Snježana Brnada, and Stana Kovačević. "Influence of Fabric Weave on Thermal Radiation Resistance and Water Vapor Permeability." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030525.
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In this work, aramid fibers were used to develop new, high-performance fabrics for high-temperature protective clothing. The research was based on the impact of the weave structure on fabric resistance to radiant heat. The goals of the research were primarily related to the development of new fabric structures created by the weave structure, which gives better protection of the body against high temperatures in relation to the standard weave structures that are used today. According to the results obtained it can be concluded that the fabric weave significantly affects the fabric structure, which consequently determines the effectiveness of protection against high temperatures. The justification for the use of multi-weft and strucks weave structure, which provides greater thermal protection and satisfactory breathability than commonly used weave structures, was ascertained.
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Atalay, Ozgur, Senem Kursun Bahadir, and Fatma Kalaoglu. "An Analysis on the Moisture and Thermal Protective Performance of Firefighter Clothing Based on Different Layer Combinations and Effect of Washing on Heat Protection and Vapour Transfer Performance." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/540394.
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Fabric assemblies for firefighting clothing have been tested for heat protection and comfort. The constituent materials and fabric structures have been specifically selected and tailored for firefighters’ clothing. In order to do this, four types of outer shell fabrics, four types of moisture barrier fabrics, and four types of heat barriers with different weights and material compositions were used to make a multilayered fabric assembly. Heat transfer (flame), heat transfer (radiant), and water vapour resistance tests were conducted according to the latest EN469 test standard which also recommends washing tests. These tests reveal that material content and material brand have considerable effect on the required performance levels of heat protection. In addition, while washing tests have improved water vapor transfer properties, they have a deteriorating effect on heat protection performance. Considering heat protection and moisture comfort properties, the optimal assemblies are thereby identified.
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Zhang, Wei, Shang Hao, Dandan Zhao, Guiqin Bai, Xin Zuo, and Jiming Yao. "Preparation of PMMA/SiO2 PCM microcapsules and its thermal regulation performance on denim fabric." Pigment & Resin Technology 49, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2020-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance of phase change materials (PCMs) microcapsules (MCs) attached using SiO2 microspheres and investigate the thermal regulation effect on the coated denim fabric. Design/methodology/approach The PCM microcapsule was prepared by in situ polymerization using a mixture of solid paraffin and butyl stearate as core material (CM) and methyl methacrylate as a monomer. The SiO2 microparticles were attached to the outer layer of the membrane to enhance the thermal performance of MCs. The morphology, chemical structure, latent heat storage and thermal resistance of MCs were characterized. PCM MCs were coated on the denim fabric and thermo-gravimetric analysis was conducted; thermal insulation and thermal infrared imaging performance of the coated fabrics were also investigated. Findings The diameters of SiO2 particles and PCMs MCs were 300-500 nm and 1 μm, respectively. SiO2 was wrapped on single-wall PCMs MCs with the mass ratio of 1:5. With the addition of SiO2, the phase transition temperature range of MCs increased from 34°C to 39°C, and the endothermic and exothermic latent heat decreased by 5.35 J/g and 10.07 J/g, respectively. The degradation rate of MCs was significantly slowed down at high temperature. The denim fabric coated with MCs revealed thermal regulation property. After absorbing heat, the MCs slowed down the rate of heat loss and extended the heat release time. Research limitations/implications The phase transition temperature of the composite CM was wide, and the latent heat storage was reduced. The addition of SiO2 particles can significantly slow down the rate of heat loss, but it further reduces the latent heat storage performance. Practical implications The method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improve the thermal regulation performance of fabrics. Originality/value The method of adjusting the phase transition temperature range of the composite CM is novel and many applications could be found in preparation of PCMs and thermal management.
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Chuang, Bao, Lin, Lin, and Lou. "Fabric Composites Reinforced with Thermally Bonded and Irregularly Aligned Filaments: Preparation and Puncture Resistant Performance." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040706.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposes fabric composites with improved static and dynamic puncture via increasing a friction force to restrain the slide of filaments as well as the compression and abrasion between the fibers and the puncture probe. The the bi-layered shell layers of composite fabrics are composed of aramid staple fibers and nylon staple fibers and a layer of low-melting-point polyester (LPET). The nonwoven layer consisting of recycled aramid and nylon staple fibers provides a shear effect to dissipate part of the puncture energy. Reinforcing interlayers include a woven fabric and PET filaments that are circularly aggregated between the surface layers, providing isotropic filament reinforcement and strengthening the resistance against the tip of the puncture probe. The reinforcing filaments may slide after the employment of needle punching, and to compensate for this disadvantage, the LPET layers are used to thermal bond the composite fabrics and the total thickness is controlled at 2 mm. The thermally bonded fabric composites are evaluated in terms of puncture resistance, thereby examining the effects of fabric structure and thermal bonding. According to the test results, the optimal composite structure is the sample N/L/W/F/L/N, which was reinforced by the LPET adhesive layer and irregularly aligned filaments. The sample which used the LPET adhesive layer had a positive influence on static puncture resistance and dynamic puncture resistance, preventing the slide of filaments, but the poor interfacial combination only contributed to limited reinforcement.