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Journal articles on the topic 'Fabric break'
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1
Klevaitytė, Ramunė, Virginija Sacevičienė, Vitalija Masteikaite, and Virginijus Urbelis. "The Influence of the Structure Parameters on the Extensibility of Woven Fabrics." Jaunųjų mokslininkų darbai 50, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/jmd.v50i2.312.
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Fabric deformation properties considerably depend on its structure. Garment elasticity is an important factor that allows a garment wearer to move freely. Fabric deformation depends on the structure parameters of yarrn and fabric. It has been known that elongation at break of fabric with elastane yarn is higher than of ordinary fabric. The aim of this work was to analyse elongation at break parameters of the and warp and weft yarn in fabrics. Ten commercially produced samples of woven fabrics were used in the experiment. Some samples were with elastan yarn in the warp and weft directions or only in the weft direction. Elongation at break was measured applying a standard method. The results showed that elongation at break of the main elastic component or another component may occur simultaneously when an elastic component or elastane yarn may reach fabric ultimate elongation.
2
Liu, Yao, Zhong Min Deng, and Yi Ren Chen. "The Mechanical Properties Study of Woven Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1592.
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Now the Mechanical Properties of fabrics is widely studied, but always involve in one kind of fabric or a certain property. In order to further understand the fabric tearing strength comprehensively, through a lot of experiments, this article mainly study the single or multiple influences of warp and weft fineness, warp and weft density, warp and weft yarn strength, break elongation of warp and weft yarn, fabric thickness of five fabrics on single stitch tearing strength and trapezoid tearing strength. Then we use SPSS statistical analysis tools to conduct multiple linear regression analysis. We can conclude that warp and weft tightness of fabrics, warp yarn strength, elongation at break of weft yarn have the influence on tearing strength; When trapezoid Angle is changed from 27 degrees to 45 degrees, the influence of warp and weft tightness on it will become bigger, but the influence of warp yarn strength, elongation at break of weft yarn on it will become smaller, and so on.
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Kayar, Mahmut. "Analysis of Ultrasonic Seam Tensile Properties of Thermal Bonded Nonwoven Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 3 (September 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900302.
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Ultrasonic seam strength and elongation at break properties of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics are discussed in this study; and the effects of fiber type, fabric area density, and roller type on ultrasonic tensile properties of nonwoven fabrics are reported. Polypropylene (PP), Polyester (PES), and Polyamide – Polyester (70% PA - 30%PES) blend of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics were used, and the seam strength and elongation at break were measured and the obtained data were evaluated. At the end of the experimental studies, the data from the ultrasonic tensile properties of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics which were made of different fibers and same production method were evaluated in order to determine the tensile properties which lead to the best result. The experimental results show that the PP thermal bonded nonwoven fabric tended to provide the best seam strength and elongation at break values.
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Nohut, Serkan, Mevlut Tascan, Omer Akgobek, and Tacettin Arici. "Estimation of Areal Weight, Grab Tensile Strength, and Elongation at Break of PP Spunbond Nonwovens using Digital Image Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 2 (June 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000218.
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Polypropylene (PP) spunbond nonwoven fabrics are very important especially for health, furniture, and household industries. These industrial applications require fabrics with high tensile strength properties. In the textile industry, Digital Image Analysis (DIA) is used commonly on fabric property determination and online controlling. The estimation of fabric weight using digital image analysis is well established in the literature. But limited information can be found about the prediction of grab tensile strength and elongation at break using Digital Image Analysis (DIA). In this study, DIA and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are used for the prediction of areal weight, tensile strength and elongation at break values of PP nonwoven fabrics at various weights (12g/m2, 20g/m2, 25g/m2, 30g/m2, 50g/m2). The experimentally tested fabric properties and the numerical defined statistical parameters obtained from DIA are related with each other using ANN. Results show that ANN is capable of prediction of fabric material properties by using data obtained by DIA without any experiments for the investigated type of PP nonwovens.
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Šimić Penava, Diana, Željko Penava, and Marijana Tkalec. "Influence of Coating on the Poisson's Ratio of Woven Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.27.
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Coated fabrics have complex composite structure whose mechanical properties are considerably improved in relation with the initial basic material. They are obtained by applying a certain number of coatings to raw fabrics. In this paper the practical application of uniaxial testing of coated fabrics for determining its breaking properties and Poisson’s ratio is presented. Due to the anisotropy of woven and coated fabrics, Poisson's ratio changes over the fabric sample stretching. Experimental testing were carried out on two samples of plain weave cotton fabrics. The fabrics were tested before coating, and after one, two and three coatings. Samples are stretched with tensile force in the weft and warp direction, and based on different measured values of fabric stretching, warp and weft Poisson's ratio is calculated. The values of tensile force and relative extension of coated fabrics were measured, and breaking force values, elongation at break, contractions at break.
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Rogina-Car, Beti, Ivana Schwarz, and Stana Kovačević. "Analysis of Woven Fabric at the Place of the Sewn Seam." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2017-0022.
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Abstract Key importance and the role of sewn seam in the woven fabric are presented. Fabric properties in the places joined with the sewn seam on which garment durability, applicability, appearance and quality depend are highlighted. Seam location is usually the weakest spot on the garment, especially when the great loads are present at these places. Mechanical properties of the sewn fabrics were investigated in different test conditions. The influence of the load on the sewn seam is analyzed in time intervals. Sample with seam have approximately 70% lower breaking properties (breaking force and elongation at break) than the sample without seam. By preloading the seam fabrics with 30%, 50% and 70% of elongation at break, for a 3-h period, the effect on mechanical properties were tested and the differences in pre-stretching intensity were observed. By conducting such test, it is expected that the fabric experience further degradation and that breaking properties further reduce, but the exact opposite occurred (breaking properties, by increasing the preload, increase even more), because of various material properties (structural fabric properties, raw material characteristics, seam characteristics).
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Kumpikaitė, Eglė, Indrė Tautkutė-Stankuvienė, and Dovilė Redeckienė. "Interrelation Between Tensile Properties of Yarns and Woven Fabrics with These Yarns." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0054.
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Abstract The main parameters of tensile tests for fabrics and yarns are the breaking force and the elongation at break. The aim of this investigation was to find the relation between the tensile properties of yarns and woven fabrics for different natural raw materials. Manmade bamboo, natural single flax, blended plied flax and natural silk yarns, plied combed cotton yarns, blended plied cotton, and polyester yarns were used for the research. The warp of almost all fabrics, except of one fabric, was from flax. This fabric was woven using blended flax and silk yarns in the warp. Weft yarns were more various – yarns of one kind were used in the weft for certain fabrics; yarns of two kinds were used in 1:1 repeats in other fabrics. It was established that the breaking force for both woven fabrics and yarns increases when the elongation at break increases. The relationships between the tensile parameters of yarns and woven fabrics were established. The results showed weak dependence between the tensile parameters of yarns and fabrics because the coefficients of determination of the dependences are small.
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Kumpikaitė, Eglė, Sandra Varnaitė-Žuravliova, Indrė Tautkutė-Stankuvienė, and Ginta Laureckienė. "Comparison of Mechanical and End-Use Properties of Grey and Dyed Cellulose and Cellulose/Protein Woven Fabrics." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112860.
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The behaviour of textile products made from different fibres during finishing has been investigated by many scientists, but these investigations have usually been performed with cotton or synthetic yarns and fabrics. However, the properties of raw materials such as linen and hemp (other cellulose fibres) and linen/silk (cellulose/protein fibres) have rarely been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (colour fastness to artificial light, area density, and abrasion resistance) properties of cellulose and cellulose/protein woven fabrics. For all fabrics, ΔE was smaller than three, which is generally imperceptible to the human eye. Flax demonstrated the best dyeability, and hemp demonstrated the poorest dyeability, comparing all the tested fabrics. The colour properties of fabrics were greatly influenced by the washing procedure, and even different fabric components of different weaves lost their colours in different ways. Flax fibres were more crystalline than hemp, and those fibres were more amorphous, which decreased the crystallinity index of flax in flax/silk blended fabric. Unwashed flax fabric was more resistant to artificial light than flax/silk or hemp fabrics. Finishing had a great influence on the abrasion resistance of fabrics. The yarn fibre composition and the finishing process for fabrics both influenced the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (area density and abrasion resistance) properties of grey and finished fabrics woven from yarns made of different fibres.
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Chauhan, Vinay Kumar, Jitendra Pratap Singh, and Sanjoy Debnath. "Tensile behavior of virgin and recycled polyester nonwoven filter fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 483–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083719833976.
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This study deals with two different categories of needle-punched nonwoven fabric samples developed from virgin and recycled polyester fibers. To understand the effect of tensile behavior (strength and extension) of these filters, fabric samples have been developed varying fabric weight, needling density and depth of needle penetration. This study also established the efficacy of use of recycled polyester for preparation of filter fabric. The study revealed that the tensile strength of fabric made using recycled fiber is 8–10% lower compared to virgin. Tensile strength is more in cross direction as compared to machine direction for both virgin and recycled polyester fabrics due to the higher number of fibers oriented in cross direction during cross lapping process. Increase in needling density and depth of penetration has resulted in increase in the extent of tensile strength initially but decrease in the extent of tensile strength later in all the cases of fabric weight. The study further reveals that heavy weight fabric, needling density and depth of penetration results in decrease of elongation at break (%). The elongation at break (%) of fabric prepared from recycled fiber was found to be 7–8% higher in machine as well as in cross direction compared to virgin. Since strength parameter is not very essential in case of filter fabric made of recycled polyester, which is lesser in strength (8-10%) compared to virgin polyester may be considered.
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Yang, Tong, Wei Zhou, and Pibo Ma. "Manufacture and Property of Warp-Knitted Fabrics with Polylactic Acid Multifilament." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010065.
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This study investigates the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) multifilament and its warp-knitted fabrics. Multifilament properties were tested and compared with PET multifilament with different diameters. The 83.3 dtex PLA multifilament was used to knit the fabric, and the fabric properties before and after dyeing were studied. Results showed that the mechanical properties of PLA multifilament were comparable to those of PET. However, PLA had a higher heat shrinkage rate. The dyed PLA warp-knitted fabric has excellent color fastness. Due to the influence of temperature and dye particles during the dyeing process, the breaking strength, air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabric were decreased. On the contrary, the elongation at break, abrasion resistance, anti-pilling properties, drape and crochet value of the fabric were increased.
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Mostafa, Khaled, Heba Ameen, Mahmoud Morsy, Amal el-ebiassy, Azza El-Sanabary, Mohamed Adel, and Ali Salah. "Production of high-performance textiles via pioneering strengthening approach using starch nanoparticles." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083719827365.
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To minimize the serious defects of durable press finishing of cellulosic textiles with respect to the great loss in strength properties, new pioneering strengthening approach of cotton fabric based on our previously prepared starch nanoparticles of size around 80–100 nm was used. For this purpose, cotton fabrics were treated with different concentrations of starch nanoparticles via coating technique using pad-dry-cure method, at which the starch nanoparticles are attached to the fabrics with the use of a padder adjusted to appropriate pressure and speed, followed by drying and curing. Fabric stiffness, surface roughness, tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasion resistance, wrinkle recovery angles, add-on %, and degree of whiteness as well as durability of treated fabrics were fully explored. SEM was used for detecting the change in surface morphology of reinforced coated fabric. The results obtained reflect the following findings: (a) all fabric performance like tensile strength, stiffness, wrinkle recovery angle, abrasion resistance and add on % were improved for coated fabrics with starch nanoparticles in comparison with untreated fabric, except that of surface roughness; (b) SEM confirmed the change in surface morphology of cotton fabric after reinforcement treatment using starch nanoparticles; (c) the dry wrinkle recovery angle and tensile strength of cotton fabrics treated in presence of 30 g/l starch nanoparticles are slightly decreased after 10 washing cycles as compared with untreated fabric; and (d) starch nanoparticles introduce an advance in textile finishing with respect to the above-mention fabric performance except that of surface roughness.
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Penava, Željko, Diana Šimić Penava, and Lozo Miloš. "Experimental and analytical analyses of the knitted fabric off-axes tensile test." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 1-2 (June 21, 2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520933701.
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Determination of mechanical properties and predicting the behavior of knitted fabrics during the manufacturing process and finally in the use is an important part of textile science. In this study the influence of knitted fabric anisotropy on the values of maximum force, corresponding extension and total work when axial tensile forces act on specimens cut at different angles with respect to the course direction of the knitted fabric were analyzed. A plain double weft knit fabric made of single cotton yarns was studied. For different angles of cutting samples, the curves of the relation between the values of the tensile forces and the extension at break were experimentally obtained. The mathematical models obtained were compared with the experimental results, and the corresponding correlation coefficients were calculated.
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WANG, CHAOXIA, MAO LI, MIN WU, and LI CHEN. "COTTON FABRIC PROPERTIES WITH WATER-REPELLENT FINISHING VIA SOL–GEL PROCESS." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 06 (December 2008): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08012025.
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The properties of the cotton fabric with water-repellence finishing by sol method with the hexadecyltrimethoxysilane as additive were observed. The cotton fabrics were immersed in the prepared sols with double dip and double nip dried at 90°C, annealed at 160°C for 3 min. The water repellence and the physical properties such as gas permeability, bending properties, beetling properties, tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasion resistance, and anti-crease properties of the cotton fabrics were investigated. The results showed that anti-crease and tensile strength were improved. However, the abrasion resistance of the cotton fabrics decreased in some way. Both the bending and beetling properties measurement proved that the handle of the treated cotton fabrics changed stiffness. For the dyed fabrics by the water-repellent finishing, the hue was slightly changed, the deeper color was achieved. There is no adverse effect for treated fabric by water-repellent finishing on the fastness.
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Masteikaite, Vitalija, Virginija Saceviciene, Elmira Kopbajeva, and Maira Nurjasarova. "Influence of heat transfer material on the deformability of knitted fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2013-0126.
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Purpose – To produce a coated fabric, a base fabric may be completely or partially coated with a polymer layer, which changes the properties of the new system relative to the base fabric. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the thermal transfer material and its shape on the deformability of knitted fabrics during the uniaxial extension and to determine the residual deformation of the thermoplastic transfer element of coated fabrics after unloading. Design/methodology/approach – Knitted fabrics were partially and entirely coated with heat transfer material. For partial coating, square pieces of three different transfer materials were bonded on the middle of the specimen. They were solid, perforated with either nine circular holes or six rectangular holes. A heat seal press was used to laminate knitted fabrics. The samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile testing. The characteristics such as strain at maximum force, strain at break, and strain at low stress were measured. After stretching and relaxation of the specimens, the residual deformation of the heat transfer element was also investigated. Findings – The results indicated that coating knitted fabrics with transfer material may decrease their stretchability. The experiments show that the decrease in stretchability and in the degree of residual deformation after stretching and relaxing depend on the knitted structure, the shape of the transfer element, and the degree to which the fabric is coated. Originality/value – This study examines the influence of heat transfer material which may be not only entirely but also partially joined with knitted fabric layer on the deformability and shape stability of this system.
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Mostafa, Kh M., Heba Ameen, Mahmoud Morsy, Amal El-Ebissy, Mohamed Adel, and Ali Salah. "Harnessing of non-fibrous textile for production of high performance easy-care cotton fabrics." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2017-0101.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the incorporation of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) in cross-linking formulation of cotton fabrics to see their impact on fabric performance like tensile strength, dry wrinkle recovery angles, elongation at break, degree of whiteness and increase in weight as well as durability. Design/methodology/approach SNPs of size around 80-100 nm were successfully prepared from native maize starch by Nano precipitation technique and confirmed instrumentally by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmittance electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and particle size analyzer. The latter were incorporated in cross-linking formulation of cotton fabrics encompassing different concentrations of citric acid and sodium hypophosphite at different curing time and temperature in 100 ml distilled water to a wet pickup of ca. 85 per cent. The fabric samples were dried for 3 min at 85°C and cured at specified temperatures for a specified time intervals in thermo fixing oven according to pad-dry-cure method. Findings FTIR spectra and SEM micrograph signified the chemical structure and surface morphology of cotton fabric before and after finishing in absence and presence of SNPs. Cotton fabric samples finished in presence of SNPs showed a higher tensile strength, elongation at break, comparable dry wrinkle recovery angles and degree of whiteness than that finished in their absence. On the other hand, the enhancement in the aforementioned performance reflects the positive impact of incorporation of SNPs in textile finishing especially with strength properties; which are one of the important requirements for industrial fabrics that can be used widely in heavy-duty applications. Research limitations/implications SNPs with its booming effect with respect to biodegradability, reactivity and higher surface area can be used as a novel reinforcement permanent finish for cotton fabrics instead of more hazardous materials likes poly acrylate and monomeric compounds. Practical implications As SNPs biopolymers is one of the important reinforcement agents, so it was expected that it would minimize the great loss in strength properties during easy-care cotton finishing and improve the fabric performance. Originality/value The novelty addressed here is undertaken with a view to remediate some of the serious defects of easy-care cotton fabrics using poly carboxylic acids; especially with the great loss in strength properties by virtue of using SNPs as a permanent finish. Besides, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no published work so far concerning the use of SNPs as an innovative base for production of easy-care finished cotton textiles with high performance.
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Zhao, Xue. "Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Physical Properties and Structure of Silk Fibre." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 4(130) (August 31, 2018): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1321.
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Microwaves are high frequency radio waves which are capable of penetrating many materials and causing heat to be generated in the process. To investigate the effect of microwave irradiation on the physical properties as well as the chemical , surface morphological and fine structure of silk fabric, silk fabric was treated with microwave irradiation under a variety of conditions in terms of the power and time of microwave treatment. The breaking strength, elongation at break, and whiteness of the treated silk fabric in a wet state were investigated. The structures of the untreated and treated silk were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the physical properties of the treated silk fabrics were changed with the microwave irradiation time. The chemical and surface morphological structure as well as the decomposition temperature and crystallinity of the treated silk were changed.
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Draczyński, Zbigniew, Małgorzata Gajek, Małgorzata Gajek, Zbigniew Mikołajczyk, Zofia Modrzejewska, and Witold Sujka. "Analysis of Openwork Knitwear Used for Hernia Mesh Manufacturing." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 6(132) (December 31, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5171.
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The paper presents research aimed at the production of mesh implants used in the treatment of abdominal hernias: knitted monofilament fabric, optimal pore diameter min. 75 μm, preferably over 1 mm, mass per unit area – less than 35 g/m2. The influence of differentiation factors on mechanical parameters of the knitted fabrics was analysed. Seven variants were produced varying in the weave, linear mass of yarn and accuracy. The knitted fabrics were subjected to thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment in a two-stage process. The data obtained were analysed using parametric statistical tests. It was shown that in order to obtain an appropriate ratio of surface mass to mechanical strength at the break/size of pores, it is necessary to use a braid which allows to obtain uniformity of the pores. The braid shall be made of low-precision material and of extra linear mass. It is possible to model the strength parameters with the help of the accuracy and/or thermal treatment. The treatment has less influence on the strength parameters. The use of mechanical treatment during thermal stabilisation significantly affects the elasticity of the knitted fabric without having a significant impact on the strength of the knitted fabric.
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Yang, Qian, Xi Wang, Xin Ding, and Qiao Li. "Fabrication and Characterization of Wrapped Metal Yarns-based Fabric Temperature Sensors." Polymers 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101549.
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Textile temperature sensors are highly in demanded keep a real-time and accurate track of human body temperature for identification of healthy conditions or clinical diagnosis. Among various materials for textile temperature sensors, temperature-sensitive metal fibers have highest precision. However, those metal fibers are mechanically too weak, and break constantly during the weaving process. To enhance the mechanical strength of the metal fibers, this paper proposes to make wrapped metal fibers using wrapping technology, and characterize the effect of wrapped metal yarns on both mechanical properties and sensing behaviors. The wrapped yarns were woven into fabrics, forming the fabric temperature sensors. Results show that strength and maximum strain of the wrapped yarns are 2.69 and 1.82 times of pure Pt fibers. The response time of fabric temperature sensors using wrapped yarns was observed as 0.78 s and 1.1 s longer compared to that using Pt fibers when front and back sides contacted heat source, respectively. It is recommended that the wrapping method should be implemented for the protection of Pt fibers in fabric temperature sensors.
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Li, Shi Wei, Tie Ling Xing, Zhan Xiong Li, and Guo Qiang Chen. "Structure and Properties of Cotton Grafted Using Trifluoroethyl Methacrylate via ATRP Method." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.364.
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In this work, cotton was grafted with trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in water aqueous. The appearance of the cotton fabric was characterized with SEM, and SEM of the grafted cotton displayed significant difference from the ungrafted cotton. FT-IR indicated that TFEMA was successfully grafted onto surface of cotton fibers. Surface contact angle test and water repellency rating test showed that the water repellence of the modified cotton fabric were better than the ungrafted cotton fabric. Compared with the ungrafted cotton fabric, the whiteness, air permeability, breaking strength and elongation at break of the grafted cotton fabric decreased slightly. Grafted treatment led to efficient implantation of fluorine atoms on the surface of cotton fabric, this resulted in water repellence without altering the bulk properties of the cotton fabric.
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Wang, Helan, Xiaoxiao Song, Lihui Xu, Xiaoyan Li, Jun Wang, Yaping Zhao, and Zaisheng Cai. "Fabrication of acid-resistant fabrics with fluoropolymer/SiO2 nanocomposites for the application of protective clothing." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (September 28, 2016): 727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716670311.
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A facile method for the preparation of acid-resistant fabric with the fluoropolymer/SiO2 hybrid materials was presented. The polyester fabric was treated using a dip-dry technique and, subsequently, cured under high temperature. The results showed that the treated fabric displayed remarkable acid repellency with contact angles of 137.1°, 141.2°, and 139.5° for H2SO4 (80%), HCl (30%), and HNO3 (40%), respectively. The break force tests further confirmed the true potential of fluoropolymer/SiO2 hybrid materials to fabricate functional textile. We believe that this successful attempt offers an opportunity to fabricate acid-resistant fabric and advances the applications of protective clothing.
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Chen, Junli, Zhaoqun Du, and Tianyuan Li. "Structural design and characterization of highly elastic woven fabric containing helical auxetic yarns." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 7-8 (October 15, 2019): 809–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519881814.
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Auxetic textiles have been the focus of much attention due to their great promise for advanced protective clothing, flexible energy harvest devices, and functional textiles. Herein, plain fabric, basket fabric, and a derivative weave with the warp and weft yarns arrangement in a series of zigzags were prepared by incorporating different initial wrap density helical auxetic yarns in the weft direction using a commercial semi-automatic loom. The derivative weave using HAYs with a 150 m−1 initial wrap density as the weft yarn not only possesses superior auxetic behavior but also has good performance in strength and elasticity—essential properties useful for textile daily application. This fabric exhibits a high auxetic effect ( ν = −0.585), low elastic deformation (total deformation of 8.4% at 20% strain), excellent flexibility, and high break load. Moreover, by taking account of the key geometric parameters, a systematic discussion of the fabrics has been completed to evaluate the effect on the auxetic behavior; this clarified that changing the fabric structure and initial wrap density of a HAY is an effective strategy to tailor auxetic behavior without compromising the intrinsic properties of components. On the basis of our research, auxetic textiles can be considered a promising candidate for next-generation smart textiles and advanced functional textiles.
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Cui, Yun Hua, and Liang Ying Jin. "Study on the Sewing Process of Automotive Seating Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.54.
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Automotive seating fabrics are assembled into complete trims by sewing process, which plays an important role on the quality of automotive seat. This paper was written based on study of the influence of the distance between stitch and selvage, gauge distance, and the type of sewing thread on automotive woven seating fabric. Furthermore, the influences of each factor and the optimum parameters were obtained by the single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that sewing strength and breaking elongation are increased with increasing the distance between stitch and selvage, and are decreased with the gauge distance. On the other hand, when the distance between stitch and selvage is 8cm, the gauge distance is 2cm, and the fineness of sewing thread is 168tex, its twist is 34.18, and the break strength 72.44N, sewing strength and elongation of this kind of seating fabric are the highest.
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Knezić, Željko, Željko Penava, Diana Šimić Penava, and Dubravko Rogale. "The Impact of Elongation on Change in Electrical Resistance of Electrically Conductive Yarns Woven into Fabric." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 3390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123390.
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Electrically conductive yarns (ECYs) are gaining increasing applications in woven textile materials, especially in woven sensors suitable for incorporation into clothing. In this paper, the effect of the yarn count of ECYs woven into fabric on values of electrical resistance is analyzed. We also observe how the direction of action of elongation force, considering the position of the woven ECY, effects the change in the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive fabric. The measurements were performed on nine different samples of fabric in a plain weave, into which were woven ECYs with three different yarn counts and three different directions. Relationship curves between values of elongation forces and elongation to break, as well as relationship curves between values of electrical resistance of fabrics with ECYs and elongation, were experimentally obtained. An analytical mathematical model was also established, and analysis was conducted, which determined the models of function of connection between force and elongation, and between electrical resistance and elongation. The connection between the measurement results and the mathematical model was confirmed. The connection between the mathematical model and the experimental results enables the design of ECY properties in woven materials, especially textile force and elongation sensors.
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Tamás, P., and T. Czigány. "Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Crack Propagation Behaviour of Hybrid Composites with Epoxy Resin Matrix." Materials Science Forum 729 (November 2012): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.284.
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Mechanical properties, micro structure and crack propagation behaviour of different fabric reinforced mono and hybrid composites for materials of wind turbines have been investigated. Mechanical properties of different fabrics (glass, basalt and carbon) reinforced mono and hybrid composites with epoxy resin matrix have been compared. For characterization of materials tensile, three-point bending and single-edge notched tensile (SEN-T) tests with acoustic emission study were used and scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures have been taken of the fracture surfaces of composite specimens. Similar behaviour of glass and basalt fibre reinforced composites was revealed by tensile and three-point bending tests. The satisfactory adhesion between fibre and matrix was shown by scanning electron microscope. The fibre-break was proven by the taken pictures to be the main failure mechanism. Results of mechanical tests were also confirmed by acoustic emission study. The crack propagation method of glass and basalt fabric reinforced composites is similar.
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Penava, Željko, Diana Šimić Penava, and Marijana Tkalec. "Experimental Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Painting Canvas." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0023.
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Abstract In this paper, the practical application of uniaxial testing of painting canvas for determining its mechanical properties is presented. Painting canvases have a complex composite structure whose mechanical properties are considerably improved in relation with the initial basic material. Painting canvas or coated fabrics are obtained by applying a certain number of coatings to raw fabrics. Experimental testing and determining mechanical properties of painting canvas under tensile force at different angles in relation to the weft direction are discussed in the paper. The fabrics were tested before coating, as well as after one, two and three coatings. The values of tensile force in relation to relative extension of coated textiles were measured, as well as breaking force values, elongation at break, contraction at break, work to rupture. Based on the experimentally obtained values, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio and the level of anisotropy of the coated textile materials were calculated. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of theoretical formulae. The number of coated layers on the raw fabric exerts a significant impact on the Poisson’s ratio. The values of breaking force, elongation at break, work to rupture and modulus of elasticity increase with an increase in the number of coated layers, and at the same time coefficient of anisotropy decrease. It has been shown that by increasing the number of coated layers in a coated material, its anisotropic properties decrease, while isotropic properties increase. With an increase in the number of coatings, the differences between experimental and theoretical values of modulus of elasticity decrease.
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Mukhopadhyay, Arunangshu. "Relative Performance of Lockstitch and Chainstitch at the Seat Seam of Military Trouser." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 155892500800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500800300103.
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An experimental investigation of the effect of two different type of stitches viz., lockstitch and chainstitch at the seat seam of trouser for military armed forces has been reported. Performance of chainstitched seam is found to be much better as regards lower value of force at low level of strain, higher value of force at break, strain at break and work of rapture. In general with the change in thread linear density, greater improvement in seam strength, seam strain at break and work up to fracture are obtained in case of chainstitched seam. On laundering, in general force at small strain and force at break increases, the change being more in case of lockstitched fabric. However, strain at break decrease marginally on laundering in case of both the stitches.
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Асаулюк, Т. С., О. Я. Семешко, Н. С. Скалозубова, and Ю. Г. Сарібєкова. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ПОЛІМЕРІВ АКРИЛОВОЇ ТА УРЕТАНОВОЇ ПРИРОДИ НА МЕХАНІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ БАВОВНЯНОГО ТРИКОТАЖУ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 132, no. 2 (August 12, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.2.3.
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The purpose of the work is to study the effect of polymer coatings on the rigidity of cotton knitted fabric. Methodology. As the object of the study aqueous dispersions of acrylic copolymers and aliphatic polyurethanes are used. Standardized methods for studying the indicators of physicomechanical properties of polymer films and textile materials are used. The formed polymer films are characterized by their appearance and an indicator of relative elongation at break. Mechanical properties of cotton knitted fabric with polymer coating are evaluated in terms of rigidity.
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Peng, Xiao, Jun Li Chen, Qiu Bao Zhou, Xue Qin Wang, and Lei Zhu. "Physical Properties of Silk Fabric Containing Chitosan and Silver." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1341.
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As “Queen of Fibers”, silk is very popular due to its favorable properties. However, unfavorable antibacterial ability has limited the application of silk. In this paper, therefore, the antibacterial treatments containing both silver and chitosan for silk fabric were conducted. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), tensile properties and antibacterial ability tests were carried out to characterize the silk fabric containing chitosan and silver. The results showed that chitosan and silver treatment did not destroy the crystalline structure and molecule structure of silk fabric, however, greatly changed the tensile properties and antibacterial ability, i.e. after treatment, the breaking force decreased while elongation at break increased. Especially, the antibacterial ability of silk was greatly improved due to dual effect of chitosan and silver.
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Yan, Jun, and Lai Jiu Zheng. "Study on Dyeing of the Plasma Modification Silk Fabric in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.661.
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A study has been conducted into the dyeing of silk fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide. In order to reach better dyeing effect, plasma modifying is used to silk. Plasma modifying can decompose disulfide bond of the protein fiber, change the state of scale layer and break silk gum of fiber so that dyestuff could infiltrate. Factors of plasma modifying are fixed, including pH value, processing time. And they affect the values of fabric colour feature and fabric strength. In this work, C.I. Disperse Blue-77 and C.I. Disperse Yellow E-3G are used by combining orthogonal experiment and single factor analysis. During dyeing process, temperature and pressure have a great impact on the result. Modification process and dyeing process are optimized, and the best process is determined. The results presented in this study show dyestuff can infiltrate through modified fabric easily. Through the testing, the washing fastness and rubbing fastness of silk fabric after being modified are improved. The changes between before and after dyeing are analyzed by scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrometer. It is showed that modified fabric obtains a better effect.
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Motaleb, K. Z. M. Abdul, Rimvydas Milašius, and Abdul Ahad. "Influence of Gamma Radiation on Mechanical Properties of Jute Fabric-Reinforced Polymer Composites." Fibers 8, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8090058.
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Woven jute fabric was used as a reinforcing material for making two types of composite, named Jute/PR and Jute/Epoxy, with two different matrixes of polyester resin and epoxy, respectively, by hand layup techniques. Five different doses of gamma radiation from 100 to 500 krad were used to investigate the effects of the mechanical properties of the composites and the jute fabrics. Though gamma radiation improved the mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength (TS) and Young’s modulus (Y), and decreased the elongation at break % (Eb%) of the composites, it deteriorated all these properties for jute fabrics. The highest values of TS and Y and the lowest value of Eb% were found to be 39.44 Mpa, 1218.33 Mpa, and 7.68% for the Jute/PR; and 48.83 Mpa, 1459.67 Mpa, and 3.68% for the Jute/Epoxy composites, respectively, at a 300 krad gamma radiation dose. A further increase in dose altered all these properties; thus, 300 krad was found to be the optimum dose for both of the composites. Between the two composites, gamma radiation influenced the Jute/PR composite more than the Jute/Epoxy composite.
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Ramaswamy, Gita N., and Elizabeth P. Easter. "Durability and Aesthetic Properties of Kenaf/Cotton Blend Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 11 (November 1997): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706701104.
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To evaluate the serviceability of a new textile product made of an unconventional fiber blend, it is important to determine if the fabric meets the specific standards required for the intended end-use. The value-added textile products of interest are fabrics made of 50/50 kenaf/cotton in the filling direction and 100% cotton in the warp direction, made in sateen, plain, twill, and oxford weaves. The control fabrics are of 100% cotton in only the plain and sateen weaves. The fabrics are characterized and compared based on ten of the most common fabric properties that affect their performance in everyday use: thread count, thickness, weight, breaking strength and elongation, dimensional stability, wrinkle recovery, abrasion resistance, tear strength, staining and stain release, and pilling resistance. Breaking strength of the experimental fabrics compares well with the control fabrics. Elongation at break is greater in the warp direction (19–35%) than in the filling direction (11–15%), but this difference is not significant. Wrinkle recovery for both fabrics is the same and improves over time. Shrinkage is identical in both fabrics. There is no significant difference in the stiffness of the two fabrics, possibly due to the carding step where kenaf fibers are carded to resemble cotton fibers. Abrasion and pilling resistance are good to excellent. Tear resistance is lower for the experimental fabrics compared with the controls, but it does pass the requirements for both upholstery and apparel fabrics. Kenaf/cotton blends perform the same or better than 100% cotton in their ability to release water-based stains, but the oil stain rates between 3 and 4, indicating a residual stain. Stain resistance can be improved by applying a soil-resistant finish. This study demonstrates that kenaf/cotton blend fabrics meet or exceed the performance requirements for both apparel ( i.e., outer wear items such as barn jackets, hunting vests, overalls, and caps) and upholstery fabrics. Additional advantages of the blend fabrics may be luster, interesting texture, and lightness.
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MOHIUDDIN, TARIQ M. G., A. A. ZHUKOV, D. C. ELIAS, E. W. HILL, S. V. MOROZOV, A. K. GEIM, and K. S. NOVOSELOV. "TRANSVERSE SPIN TRANSPORT IN GRAPHENE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2009): 2641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062116.
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In this paper we report transverse spin transport properties of graphene in a device, where for the first time a mono-atomically thin atomic fabric was sandwiched between magnetic thin films. We found that a single layer graphene flake was sufficient to break the exchange coupling between magnetic films and also to enhance the magnetoresistance effect.
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Seretis, Georgios V., Ioannis D. Theodorakopoulos, Dimitrios E. Manolakos, and Christopher G. Provatidis. "Effect of strain rate on the tensile performance of woven para-aramid fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (April 16, 2018): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2016-0134.
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Purpose Para-aramid fabrics see service in a great variety of applications, such as heavy weight lifting applications, penetration protective multilayer panels, etc. It is, therefore, increasingly important to understand the strain rate range at which the fabric has optimum mechanical properties. Although this is a field that has not been studied before, it is of great significance since it allows for the determination of the fabric’s layer location within the multilayered structure which offers maximum overall performance. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Rectangular strips of PARAX 300 S8 woven para-aramid fabric underwent uniaxial tensile tests at various extension rates. The angle between two fibers at the center of each specimen was measured after the fabrics were elongated at different tensile extensions. This recovery angle was determined by visual analysis of the test video recordings after specimen unloading. Based on this, the recovery of the weaving form after unloading was also estimated for each tensile extension. A recovery degree based deformation characterization of the sections of a typical load/extension curve has been introduced. Findings The fabric does not appear to be strain rate sensitive for a strain rate range of 0.03 s-1 to 0.53 s-1, and its load/extension characteristics are generally not affected by the extension rate. However, break load and maximum elongation values appear reduced at actuator velocity of 2,400 mm/min and enhanced at 3,600 mm/min. Finally, the effect of extension rate on the different deformation zones of the material is reported and discussed. Originality/value The current research work offers a novel approach for the investigation of non-standard response of woven para-aramid fabrics when subjected to tensile loading under various strain rates. Additionally, a new approach is introduced to explain in detail the deformation zones based on the recovery degree of the fiber orientation angle after unloading.
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Duda, Monika, Joanna Pach, and Grzegorz Lesiuk. "Influence of Polyurea Composite Coating on Selected Mechanical Properties of AISI 304 Steel." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193137.
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This paper contains experimental results of mechanical testing of the AISI 304 steel with composite coatings. The main goal was to investigate the impact of the applied polyurea composite coating on selected mechanical properties: Adhesion, impact resistance, static behavior, and, finally, fatigue lifetime of notched specimens. In the paper the following configurations of coatings were tested: EP (epoxy resin), EP_GF (epoxy resin + glass fabric), EP_GF_HF (epoxy resin + glass fabric hemp fiber), EP_PUA (epoxy resin + polyurea) resin, EP_GF_PUA (epoxy resin + glass fabric + polyurea) resin, and EP_GF_HF_PUA (epoxy resin + glass fabric + hemp fiber + polyurea) resin. The highest value of force required to break adhesive bonds was observed for the EP_PUA coating, the smallest for the single EP coating. A tendency of polyurea to increase the adhesion of the coating to the base was noticed. The largest area of delamination during the impact test was observed for the EP_GF_HF coating and the smallest for the EP-coated sample. In all tested samples, observed delamination damage during the pull-off test was located between the coating and the metallic base of the sample.
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Klosowski, Pawel, Krzysztof Zerdzicki, and Krzysztof Woznica. "Influence of artificial thermal ageing on polyester-reinforced and polyvinyl chloride coated AF9032 technical fabric." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 21-22 (April 2, 2019): 4632–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519839934.
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The presented work deals with the thermal ageing evaluation for polyester-reinforced and polyvinyl chloride coated fabrics. The architectural fabric AF9032 was exposed to artificial thermal ageing by subjecting the material samples to temperature levels of 80℃ and 90℃ for up to 12 weeks. The mechanical properties of the aged fabric have been separately described by the identified linear piecewise model (with assumption of the elastic behavior) and by the Bodner–Partom model (with assumption of the viscoplastic behavior). The evolution of the obtained parameter values for various ageing temperatures and over ageing periods have been approximated by linear functions achieving a good convergence. The simplified methodology of Arrhenius has been incorporated for the extrapolation of functions obtained for 90℃ and consequently used for ageing analysis. For the fill direction, the lines describing evolution of the mechanical parameters over ageing time coincide fully with the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break and are parallel for the Bodner–Partom model parameters ([Formula: see text]) when comparing results for 80° and 90℃. For the warp direction, the obtained lines concerning mechanical properties and Bodner–Partom parameters exhibit different tendencies (increasing or decreasing) for both temperatures. Thus, the ageing evaluation according to the Arrhenius law has been confirmed by the obtained results only for the fill direction.
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Motaleb, K. Z. M. Abdul, Md Shariful Islam, and Rimvydas Milašius. "Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fabric Reinforced Polyester Composites." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 4(136) (August 31, 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1824.
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Two types of composites:(1) pineapple fabric reinforced polyester resin (Pineapple/PR) and (2) jute fabric reinforced polyester resin (Jute/PR) were prepared and the mechanical properties investigated for various gamma radiation doses ranging from 100-500 krad. Properties like tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation-at-break, bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength were increased significantly by 19%, 32%, 45%, 32%, 47% and 20%, respectively, at a dose of 300 krad for Pineapple/PR, and by 47%, 49%, 42%, 45%, 52% and 65%, respectively, at a dose of 200 krad for the Jute/PR composite in comparison to the non-irradiated composite. Gamma radiation improved the mechanical properties, but overdoses of radiation even caused a reduction in them.
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Semnani, Dariush, Ali Zadhoush, and Matin Mashayekhi. "Mechanical properties of polypropylene/glass weft knitted composites hot pressed in various structures and contents." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0028.
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AbstractIn this study, composites of knitted fabric made from side-by-side multiple glass and polypropylene yarns have been investigated. These composites have been produced by a new manufacturing method – the hot press method. By using various knitted fabrics made from different components of glass and polypropylene yarns, several types of knitted structures and yarn components were investigated: rib 1-1, full Milano and full cardigan. The mechanical properties of composites were measured in three directions. The results showed that hot-pressed knitted composites of glass and polypropylene yarns have high strength, impact resistance, work-to-break and elongation, simultaneously. The highest bending resistance and maximum stiffness are achieved for rib-knitted composites consisting of 8 wt% glass and 92 wt% polypropylene yarns. The highest impact energy absorption was obtained with 18 wt% glass content and 82 wt% polypropylene matrix.
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Keya, Kamrun N., Nasrin A. Kona, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Comparative Study of Jute, Okra and Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composite." Advanced Materials Research 1155 (August 2019): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1155.29.
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In this experimental studies, three types of fabric such as Jute, Okra and Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) were selected and matrix material such as polypropylene (PP) was selected to manufacture composites. Jute/PP, Okra/PP, and PALF/PP based composites were prepared successfully by a conventional compression molding technique. The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM), elongation at break (Eb%) and interfacial properties of the composites. Jute fiber (hessian cloth)-reinforced polypropylene matrix composites (45wt% fiber) were fabricated by compression molding. TS, TM, BS, BM, and IS of the composites were found to be 45 MPa, 2.2 GPa, 54 MPa, 4.1 GPa, and 16 kJ/m2, respectively. Then Okra and PALF fiber reinforced polypropylene-based composites (45 wt% fiber) were fabricated and the mechanical properties were compared with those of the jute-based composites. The result revealed that mechanical properties of PALF composite higher than jute and Okra fiber reinforced composites. Water absorption and elongation percentage at break showed different scenario and it was noticed from the experimental study that water absorption and elongation at break (%) of jute fabric was higher than other composites. Fracture sides of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results revealed poor fiber-matrix adhesion for jute fiber-based composites compared to that of the other fiber-based composites (OF/PP and PALF/PP). KEY WORDS: Polypropylene, Jute Fiber, Okra Fiber, Pineapple Fiber, Mechanical Properties, Interfacial Properties, Composites. *Corresponding Address: dr.ruhul_khan@yahoo.com
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Guo, Nang Kuo, Xue Huang, and Ling Xiao Jing. "Application Research of High-Strength Needled Filter Bag with Sea-Island Superfine Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.553.
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In order to improve the filtering effect of the bag filter, ultrafine sea-island fiber nonwovens is used to produce ultra-fine structure dust filter material. At the beginning, sea-island superfine fiber needle-punched nonwoven production technology is introduced. And then testament is made to tensile breaking strength, elongation at break, bursting ,air permeability, capture efficiency of dust with different diameters of 0.3μm, 0.5μm, 1μm and 3μm. At last, the performing difference of the sea-island superfine fiber ultrafiltration bag and its counterpart from the market is compared and analyzed. [1,2] The experimental results showed that the average breaking strength of Sea island superfine fiber ultrafiltration enhancement of non-woven fabric in warp direction is 1931N, its average elongation at break 32.7%, its average of Zonal breaking strength 2561N, its average elongation at break 22.6%, its bursting of average strength 1998.07N, its permeability as high as 428.62×103 m3/s, its filtering precision 82.4% under 0.3μm diameter and 100% under 3μm diameter.
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Bae, Yeon-Su, and In-Chul Um. "Effects of Fabrication Conditions on Structure and Properties of Mechanically Prepared Natural Silk Web and Non-Woven Fabrics." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101578.
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In this study, natural silk web and natural silk non-woven fabric were prepared mechanically using the binding character of the sericin in silk. The effect of process variables on the preparation, structure, and properties of the silk web and the non-woven fabric was examined. The reeling velocity affected the morphology and mechanical properties of the web but had almost no influence on the crystalline structure of the silk. From the viewpoint of reel-ability and the mechanical properties (work of rupture) of silk web, a reeling velocity of 39.2 m/min represented the optimal processing velocity. The porosity and swelling ratio of the silk web decreased slightly with increasing reeling velocity. Furthermore, the reeling bath temperature had a significant effect on the reel-ability of silk filaments from a silkworm cocoon. Bath temperatures ≥50 °C yielded good reel-ability (>900 m reeling length). The porosity, swelling ratio in water, and mechanical properties of the silk web and silk non-woven fabric changed only slightly with the reeling bath temperature but changed significantly with the hot press treatment. The hot-pressed silk web (i.e., silk non-woven fabric) exhibited higher tensile strength as well as lower elongation at break, porosity, and swelling ratio than the silk web.
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Zhou, Tianchi, Yangyang Wang, Haodong Xu, Lu Cai, Yanchun Liu, and Chunmei Zeng. "Application of a novel plasma-based method of introducing maleic acid and pentaerythritol phosphate urea salt onto polyester fabrics for durable flame-retardant treatment." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (April 26, 2019): 4916–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519845685.
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In this work, a novel anti-flame poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric was successfully fabricated by plasma-based technology combined with pad-dry-cure treatment finishing. Low-temperature plasma can graft maleic acid (MA) onto a PET polymer backbone, which can activate the PET fiber and provide the opportunity of reaction with pentaerythritol phosphate urea salt (PEPAS) to achieve an excellent and durable anti-flame ability. Furthermore, the chemical reaction between PET-MA and PEPAS can form a complex and compact net structure that can effectively improve the anti-dripping property of PET. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that MA and PEPAS were successfully introduced onto the surface of the PET fabric, and a compact protective carbon layer was formed during the combustion process due to the synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen. The flame-retardant and anti-dripping properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and a vertical burning test. The treated samples showed the maximum LOI value of 29.3, possessing excellent thermal stability and self-extinguishing ability and inhibiting melt-dripping ability. Moreover, tensile strength at break of the treated PET fabric was slightly greater than that of the original PET fabric, indicating that this type of treatment had little negative impact on the bulk of the PET fabric. After 20 laundering cycles, the LOI value of the treated sample still remained at 26.8, which indicated durability in the flame-retarding effect.
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Milojevic, Vladimir, Ljubisa Nikolic, Goran Nikolic, and Jakov Stamenkovic. "The influence of sodium-polyacrilic macromolecular chain length to the powder detergents secondary washing performances." Chemical Industry 67, no. 1 (2013): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120220040m.
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In order to investigate the influence of sodium-polyacrylate polymer as a co-builder in addition to the carbonate/zeolite builders in detergent builder system, secondary washing performances of powder laundry detergent containing equal percentage of sodium polyacrylate with the different weight average molar mass, Mw, have been examined. The value of the degree of whiteness, elongation at break, and total residue content are the most important secondary washing performances that significantly depend on sodium polyacrylates efficiency used as crystal inhibitors, stabilizers for suspended soil, and agents for soil redisposition prevention on fabric surface. The values of the whiteness and elongation at break for cotton fabrics increase with the increase of average weight molecular mass, Mw, up to the value of 70000 g/mol, while in the case of further increase of weight average molar mass up to the 250000 g/mol value of these characteristics begin to decline. The values of the total residue content after combustion indicate an increase in its content with the increase of weight average molar mass of 3000 to 70000 g/mol, while the highest value has been reached in the sample of detergent containing sodiumpolyacrilic with the weight average molar mass of 250000 g/mol. All detergent samples show no significant dependence of the secondary washing characteristics on the number of washing cycles.
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Skorupińska, Ewa, Krzysztof Wiaderek, and Maciej Sydor. "Influence of technological parameters on the upholstery seams in furniture." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 114 (June 28, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2389.
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Influence of technological parameters of the upholstery seams in furniture. Based on the real problem of weak seams in covers of wooden furniture, a multifaceted analysis of the issue was performed. As a result, it was decided to carry out comparative laboratory strength tests of seams made with the use of various technological parameters. For the production of test samples, we used different yarn threads to find the best and sufficiently strong seams for used fabrics. The test results show that not only the thread and fabric used, but also the sewing technology parameters have a significant influence on the seam strength. Overall, these results indicate that to increase the seam strength, it is necessary to choose thread type B with very high strength and low elongation at break. This solution will minimize the risk of broken threads in case of deviation of material features and technological parameters, which can be variable in the long duration of large-scale production.
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Pan, Ning, Radko Kovar, Mehdi Kamali Dolatabadi, Ping Wang, Diantang Zhang, Ying Sun, and Li Chen. "Origin of tensile strength of a woven sample cut in bias directions." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 5 (May 2015): 140499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140499.
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Textile fabrics are highly anisotropic, so that their mechanical properties including strengths are a function of direction. An extreme case is when a woven fabric sample is cut in such a way where the bias angle and hence the tension loading direction is around 45° relative to the principal directions. Then, once loaded, no yarn in the sample is held at both ends, so the yarns have to build up their internal tension entirely via yarn–yarn friction at the interlacing points. The overall fabric strength in such a sample is a result of contributions from the yarns being pulled out and those broken during the process, and thus becomes a function of the bias direction angle θ , sample width W and length L , along with other factors known to affect fabric strength tested in principal directions. Furthermore, in such a bias sample when the major parameters, e.g. the sample width W , change, not only the resultant strengths differ, but also the strength generating mechanisms (or failure types) vary. This is an interesting problem and is analysed in this study. More specifically, the issues examined in this paper include the exact mechanisms and details of how each interlacing point imparts the frictional constraint for a yarn to acquire tension to the level of its strength when both yarn ends were not actively held by the testing grips; the theoretical expression of the critical yarn length for a yarn to be able to break rather than be pulled out, as a function of the related factors; and the general relations between the tensile strength of such a bias sample and its structural properties. At the end, theoretical predictions are compared with our experimental data.
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Li, Yan Qing, Jia Ying Sun, Wei Tian, and Cheng Yan Zhu. "Influence of Structure Unit and the Distribution on the Low-Velocity Impact Property of the 3D Woven Composites." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.169.
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In this paper, the low-velocity impact properties of the 3D woven composites were tested. Through the study on the relationship of absorbed energy and material structure, the impact resistance of the composites has been discussed. The research results show that the low-velocity impact resistance of quasi-orthogonal composites is the best, the low-velocity impact resistance of orthogonal composites is the worst and angle tangled of interlayer joint composites stand somewhere between the two. Adding quasi-orthogonal unit into the structure, the low-velocity impact property of the composites can be enhanced efficiently. On the other hand, if the unit distribution of the enforced fabric is changed, the break time and break point will be changed. But the effect on the total absorbed energy is not obvious.
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Russo, Pietro, Ilaria Papa, Vito Pagliarulo, and Valentina Lopresto. "Polypropylene/Basalt Fabric Laminates: Flexural Properties and Impact Damage Behavior." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051079.
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Recently, the growing interests into the environmental matter are driving the research interest to the development of new eco-sustainable composite materials toward the replacement of synthetic reinforcing fibers with natural ones and exploiting the intrinsic recyclability of thermoplastic resins even for uses in which thermosetting matrices are well consolidated (e.g., naval and aeronautical fields). In this work, polypropylene/basalt fabric composite samples were prepared by film stacking and compression molding procedures. They have been studied in terms of flexural and low-velocity impact behavior. The influence related to the matrix modification with a pre-optimized amount of maleic anhydride grafted PP as coupling agent was studied. The mechanical performances of the composite systems were compared with those of laminates consisting of the pure matrix and obtained by hot-pressing of PP pellets and PP films used in the stacking procedure. Results, on one side, demonstrated a slight reduction of both static and dynamic parameters at the break for specimens from superimposed films to ones prepared from PP pellets. Moreover, an outstanding improvement of mechanical performances was shown in the presence of basalt layers, especially for compatibilized samples.
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Hoque, Mohammad Bellal, Solaiman, A. B. M. Hafizul Alam, Hasan Mahmud, and Asiqun Nobi. "Mechanical, Degradation and Water Uptake Properties of Fabric Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composites: Effect of Alkali on Composites." Fibers 6, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6040094.
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In this study, a fabric was manufactured consisting of 50% pineapple, 25% jute and 25% cotton fibers by weight, to make composites using polypropylene (PP) as a matrix material. We used compression molding technique, which kept 30% of the fabric content by total weight as the composite. The tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation break (Eb%), bending strength (BS) and bending modulus (BM) were investigated. From analyzed data, it was found that the composite values of TS, TM, Eb%, BS and BM were 58 MPa, 867 MPa, 22.38%, 42 MPa and 495 MPa, respectively. The TS, TM, Eb%, BS and BM of the neat polypropylene sheet were 28 MPa, 338 MPa, 75%, 20 MPa and 230 MPa, respectively. Due to fabric reinforcement, composite values for TS, TM, BS and BM increased 107%, 156%, 110% and 115%, respectively in comparison with a polypropylene sheet. A water absorption test was performed by dipping the composite samples in deionized water and it was noticed that water absorption was lower for PP-based composites. For investigating the effect of alkali, we sunk the composites in a solution containing 3%, 5% and 7% sodium hydroxide alkali solutions by weight, for 60 min after which their mechanical properties were investigated. A degradation test was carried out by putting the samples in soil for six months and it was noticed that the mechanical properties of fabric/PP composites degraded slowly.
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SHCHERBAN, V., A. PETKO, O. KOLISKO, Y. SHCHERBAN, and L. HALAVSKA. "SOFTWARE MODULES AND PROCEDURES OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DETERMINING THE TENSION OF A KEVLAR THREAD WHEN KNITTING USING A RECURSOR ALGORITHM." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (May 2021): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-271-274.
Full textAbstract:
Improving the process of knitting fabrics from Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines is to create the minimum necessary tension in the area of formation of the knitted fabric. To ensure this, it is necessary to determine the change in relative tension in the refueling zones of Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines. These zones are formed by arranging the thread guides, tension compensation devices, tension devices and thread break control devices in the working area of the supply system to form a spatial filling line for each specific knitting machine. This complex task for flat knitting machines should be based on the use of specially designed computer programs. Given the specifics of processing Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines, when determining the relative tension in each zone, it is necessary to use a recursion algorithm, when the output tension of Kevlar complex threads from the previous zone will be the input for the next zone. When determining the tension of Kevlar complex threads, their interaction with the guides of Kevlar complex threads, tension compensation devices, tension devices and devices for controlling the breakage of Kevlar complex threads, it is necessary to take into account the value of Kevlar complex thread diameter, its physical and mechanical properties, deformation, deformation the coefficient of bending stiffness when determining the actual angle of coverage of the guide surface. Ensuring the minimum necessary tension in the area of formation of the knitted fabric will allow to obtain the parameters of the loop structure of property and tactical equipment of servicemen capable of protecting the human body from fire, cold, cutting, barbed weapons, shock and shotgun impact. Minimizing the tension in each zone of the line of Kevlar complex threads on flat knitting machines will reduce the probability of breakage, which is important for improving knitting processes from the standpoint of improving the productivity of flat knitting machines and product quality. Mathematical support of a computer program requires the development of models of thread guides, tension compensation devices, tension devices and thread break control devices, taking into account the real physical and mechanical properties of Kevlar complex threads and real geometric and structural parameters of structural elements of the feed system.
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Nam, Changhyun, and Young-A. Lee. "Multilayered Cellulosic Material as a Leather Alternative in the Footwear Industry." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 37, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18784214.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to develop a biodegradable material that could be used as a leather alternative material for the footwear industry, leading to reduce the negative environmental impact. Using an experimental research design, the researchers developed a multilayered cellulosic material (MCM) by bonding nonwoven cellulosic fiber mat, denim fabric, and hemp fabric and examined its properties compared with those of two-layered leathers, consisting of calf and pigskins (multilayered calf and pigskin leather [MCPL]), often used in the footwear industry. We hypothesized these two materials would have similar properties. No significant mean differences were found between MCM and MCPL in total heat loss and break force. The values of air permeability, evaporative potential, and permeability index of MCM were higher than those of MCPL. The findings of this study confirm the effectiveness of MCM for use as a leather alternative material when developing sustainable shoes and provide insights to the footwear industry.
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Daungkumsawat, Jusmin, Manunya Okhawilai, Krittapas Charoensuk, Radhitya Banuaji Prastowo, Chanchira Jubsilp, Panagiotis Karagiannidis, and Sarawut Rimdusit. "Development of Lightweight and High-Performance Ballistic Helmet Based on Poly(Benzoxazine-co-Urethane) Matrix Reinforced with Aramid Fabric and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122897.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to develop a lightweight ballistic helmet based on nanocomposite with matrix of the copolymer of benzoxazine with an urethane prepolymer [poly(BA-a-co-PU)], at mass ratio 80/20, reinforced with aramid fabric and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This has a protection level II according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) 0106.01 standard. The effects of MWCNTs mass content in a range of 0 to 2 wt% on tensile, physical and ballistic impact properties of the nanocomposite were investigated. The results revealed that the introduction of MWCNTs enhanced the tensile strength and energy at break of the nanocomposite; the highest values were obtained at 0.25 wt%. In addition, the nanocomposite laminate with 20 plies of aramid fabric showed the lowest back face deformation of 8 mm which was much lower than that specified by the NIJ standard. According to Military Standard (MIL-STD) 662F, the simulation prediction revealed that the ballistic limit of the ballistic helmet nanocomposite was as high as 632 m s−1. The developed laminates made of aramid fabric impregnated with poly(BA-a-co-PU) 80/20 containing 0.25 wt% MWCNTs showed great promise for use as a light weight and high-performance ballistic helmet.