Journal articles: 'Exurb'

1

Konieczny, Mary Ellen, and Nancy L. Eiesland. "A Particular Place: Urban Restructuring and Religious Ecology in a Southern Exurb." Contemporary Sociology 30, no. 4 (July 2001): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089773.

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Emerson, Michael, and Nancy L. Eiesland. "A Particular Place: Urban Restructuring and Religious Ecology in a Southern Exurb." Sociology of Religion 63, no. 1 (2002): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712547.

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Walker, Kyle E. "Political Segregation of the Metropolis: Spatial Sorting by Partisan Voting in Metropolitan Minneapolis–St Paul." City & Community 12, no. 1 (March 2013): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12003.

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Recent electoral research has claimed that individuals in the United States are self–segregating along political lines. In this paper, I use the Twin Cities, Minnesota, metropolitan area as a case study to test for the presence of political segregation through statistical and spatial analyses of electoral data from 1992 to 2012. I find that while segregation by partisan voting at the individual level is comparatively low, it has increased during the study period, and there exists substantial spatial clustering in voting patterns at aggregate levels. These distinct electoral divides between central city and exurb suggest spatial sorting of the electorate in the metropolitan area.

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Christiano, Kevin J. "A Particular Place: Urban Restructuring and Religious Ecology in a Southern Exurb. Nancy L. Eiesland." Journal of Religion 81, no. 3 (July 2001): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/490932.

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Limerick, Philip P. "The discursive distribution of subject pronouns in Spanish spoken in Georgia: A weakening of pragmatic constraints?" Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 12, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2018-0013.

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AbstractThis study examines subject expression from a pragmatic perspective in an emerging bilingual community of Roswell, Georgia, an exurb of Atlanta. Using sociolinguistic interviews conducted in Roswell, first-person singular subject pronoun (SP) usage is analyzed among 10 Mexican speakers within five distinct pragmatic contexts: salient referent, switch focus, contrastive focus, pragmatic weight, and epistemic parentheticals. A comparison is made between Georgia speakers and monolingual Mexican speakers in Querétaro in order to explore the possible weakening of pragmatic constraints due to English contact. Results indicate that a contact hypothesis is not supported in terms of overall overt pronoun usage as evidenced by similar frequencies when compared to monolingual Mexican varieties. However, an increased use of overt SPs in the context of salient referent as well as a diminished use of overt SPs in switch focus contexts is found, suggesting a potential weakened sensitivity to such pragmatic constraints.

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Wang, Y. M., D. Y. Wang, B. Meng, Y. L. Peng, L. Zhao, and J. S. Zhu. "Spatial and temporal distributions of total and methyl mercury in precipitation in core urban areas, Chongqing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2012): 10243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-10243-2012.

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Abstract. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of mercury (Hg) in precipitation were investigated in the core urban areas of Chongqing, China. During the period form July 2010 to June 2011, total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in precipitation were analyzed from three sampling sites. Our results suggest that the volume-weight mean THg and MeHg concentrations in precipitation were 30.67 ng l−1 and 0.31 ng l−1, respectively. The proportion of MeHg in THg ranged from 0.1% to 7.6% with a mean value of 1.3%. THg and MeHg concentrations showed seasonal variations, while the highest THg value was measured in winter. Contrarily, the highest MeHg concentration was observed in autumn. Additionally, a geographically gradual decline of THg concentration in precipitation was observed from the city center to the suburb, then to the exurb. 5 mm rainfall might be a threshold for the full wash-out capability. Rainfall above 5 mm may have a diluting effect for the concentrations of Hg. Moreover, the current research implies that the coal combustion and motor vehicles could be the dominant sources for Hg in the precipitation.

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Wu, Xiao-Jing, Zhuo-Wen Zhang, Xue-Feng Meng, Zhen Li, and Yong-Jian Wang. "Dynamics of diversity, distribution patterns and interspecific associations of understory herbs in the city-suburb-exurb context of Wuhan city, China." Archives of Biological Sciences 65, no. 4 (2013): 1619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1304619w.

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Meng, X. F., Z. W. Zhang, Z. Li, X. J. Wu, and Y. J. Wang. "The effects of city–suburb–exurb landscape context and distance to the edge on plant diversity of forests in Wuhan, China." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 149, no. 5 (April 14, 2014): 903–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.906510.

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Zhang, Jing, Jiaqiang Du, Shifeng Fang, Zhilu Sheng, Yangchengsi Zhang, Bingqing Sun, Jialin Mao, and Lijuan Li. "Dynamic Changes, Spatiotemporal Differences, and Ecological Effects of Impervious Surfaces in the Yellow River Basin, 1986–2020." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010268.

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Impervious surfaces (IS) are one of the most important components of the earth’s surface, and understanding how IS have expanded is vital. However, few studies on IS or urbanization have focused on the cradle of the Chinese nation—the Yellow River Basin (YRB). In this study, the Random Forest and Temporal Consistency Check methods were employed to generate long-term maps of IS in the YRB based on Landsat imagery. To explore the dynamics and differences in IS, we developed a spatiotemporal analysis and put forward regional comparisons between different research units of the YRB. We documented the remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI) in multiple circular zones to discuss the ecological effects of the expansion of IS. The IS extraction strategy achieved excellent performance, with an average overall accuracy of 90.93% and kappa coefficient of 0.79. The statistical results demonstrated that the spatial extent of IS areas in the YRB increased to 18,287.36 km2 in 2020 which was seven times more than that in 1986, at rates of 166 km2/a during 1986–2001, 365 km2/a during 2001–2010, and 1044 km2/a during 2011–2020. Our results indicated that the expansion and densification of IS was slow in core urban areas with high initial IS fraction (ISF), significant in the suburban or rural areas with low initial ISF, and obvious but not significant in the exurb rural or depopulated areas with an initial ISF close to 0. The multiyear RSEI indicated that environmental quality of the YRB had improved with fluctuations. The ecological effects of the impervious expansion slightly differed in urban core areas versus outside these areas. When controlling the urban boundary, more attention should be paid to the rational distribution of ecologically important land. These results provide comprehensive information about IS expansion and can provide references for delineating urban growth boundaries.

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10

Zhang, Rongtian. "Spatial Differentiation and Tradeoff–Synergy of Rural Multifunction at the County Scale in Anhui Province in the China’s Traditional Agricultural Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 13604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013604.

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The study of rural multifunction interaction has ignored the spatial differentiation characteristics, so it is necessary to reveal in-depth the spatial interaction relationship of rural multifunction interaction on the basis of type division and pattern recognition at the county scale. Taking Anhui as a case study, based on the county scale, the paper constructed an index system of rural multifunction evaluation, and comprehensively applied the improved entropy method, spatial autocorrelation model, and Spearman correlation coefficient to study the temporal-spatial characteristics and tradeoff–synergy relationship of rural multifunction from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that (1) the overall rural production function at the county level in Anhui showed an upward trend, showing a spatial pattern of “low in the south and high in the north”. The rural life function was gradually weakened, showing the characteristics of gradual decline from suburban to exurb. The rural ecological function increased, showing a high value distribution in areas with rich mountains and hills or a dense water network. (2) The spatial concentration of HH (High-High) and LL (Low-Low) positive correlation types of rural production, life, and ecological function was significant during the study period. The negative correlation types of HL (High-Low) and LH (Low-High) had low spatial agglomeration and showed discrete distribution. (3) There was a spatial synergistic relationship between rural production and life function at the county scale in Anhui Province. The tradeoff–synergy relationship between rural production and ecological function and between rural life and ecological function showed a trend of synergistic–tradeoff fluctuation. The spatial difference of the rural multifunction tradeoff–synergy relationship was significant during the study period. (4) In the future, we should change the situation that the expansion of rural production function compresses rural life and ecological function, and promote rural life and ecological function to promote the benign and coordinated development of rural multifunction at the county scale in traditional agricultural areas.

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11

Billings, Dwight B. "A Particular Place: Urban Restructuring and Religious Ecology in a Southern Exurb. By Nancy L. Eiesland. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2000. Pp. xvi+255. $52.00 (cloth); $21.00 (paper)." American Journal of Sociology 106, no. 4 (January 2001): 1214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/320325.

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12

Wang, Meimei, Yongchun Yang, and Tao Guo. "Measurement of Urban–Rural Integration Level in Suburbs and Exurbs of Big Cities Based on Land-Use Change in Inland China: Chengdu." Land 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050474.

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Urban growth and development can be interpreted as a combined process of “urban spillover” and “local urban sprawl”, from overall urban–rural development to urban–rural integration (URI). The process of suburban development in western China is a complex system, which reflects the characteristics of industrialization and urbanization in western China. Chengdu is the most representative of the big cities for economic and social structure change in western China. To analyze the changes on URI degree based on the built-up land change, and to explore the practical URI paths in both the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu, we use land-use remote-sensing monitoring data from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 in this paper, whereafter URI indexes are built from space, economy, and society. The land-use change of the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed by ArcGIS. Results indicate that the biggest growth part of built-up land is other built-up land, followed by commercial/industrial land, and the last is residential land. The built-up land spreads quickly from 2000 to 2005, and shows distinct separation characteristics in the suburbs of Chengdu. It is relatively slow in the exurbs. Moreover, built-up land connects better in the suburbs than in the exurbs. Based on the change of built-up land in Chengdu from 2000 to 2015, spatial integration data are calculated, economic integration and social integration data are chosen from statistics, and the change of URI levels in the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu is calculated. The results show that first, economic integration and social integration have great influence on URI, and their effects are increasing. The significance of spatial integration in URI has gradually reduced. Second, URI levels in counties of the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu rose from 2000 to 2015, more highly in the suburbs than in the exurbs. URI in counties of the exurbs showed a marked difference. URI in the southeast counties of the exurbs is generally high. The foundation of URI is weaker in the counties and districts in the southwest counties of the exurbs in Chengdu, but it is growing steadily in URI, and the northern counties in the exurbs of Chengdu are in the process of rapid URI. The paths of URI in the suburbs and exurbs in Chengdu can be roughly divided into an industry-developing model in the suburbs, service-industry-developing model in the suburbs, agriculture-developing model in the exurbs, service-industry-developing model in the exurbs and infrastructure-developing model in the exurbs.

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Gareis, Philipp, and Christian Diller. "Identifying exurbs: A multi-criteria approach for Germany." European Spatial Research and Policy 30, no. 2 (January 24, 2024): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.30.2.06.

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The debate about exurbanites and exurbs has ever been an Anglo-American phenomenon. Due to the limitless space for growth and the individual preferences of living in single-family homes, the exurban census tracts were the fastest growing urban type in the USA for several decades. The increase in highway infrastructure lead to an auto-centric development of land and an ongoing urban sprawl in search for natural amenities and affordable housing. This was not the case in Europe for a long time as Europeans preferred to live closer to the place of work and the historically grown structures of the urban development. However, after the COVID-19 pandemic and the restructuring of a new office culture with remote work as the new condition and growing preferences for more living space and green amenities, exurbs could also evolve in the European context. In this investigation, the authors try to identify exurbs in the German context based on a multi-criteria analysis. We find that they are mostly located in the east and north of Germany around Hamburg and Berlin, and to a minor extent to the west and south of Germany. While there has not been a significant increase of exurbs in the past years, the question remains whether the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the exurbanisation and the related issues to a sustainable urban development according to SDG 11. Further research on the characteristics of exurbs is needed to provide additional policy recommendations and monitor the development of potential exurbs in the future.

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14

Valmeekam, Venugopal, Yen-Lin Loh, and Michael J. D. San Francisco. "Control of exuT Activity for Galacturonate Transport by the Negative Regulator ExuR in Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 6 (June 2001): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.6.816.

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The negative regulatory protein ExuR in Erwinia chrysanthemi regulates expression of the galacturonate uptake (exuT) and utilization (uxaA, uxaB, uxaC) genes. We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the exuR gene from E. chrysanthemi EC16. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicates that this protein possesses a helix-turn-helix motif and belongs to the GntR family of transcriptional repressors. Northern blot analysis and studies with transcriptional fusions of exuT in wild-type and exuR mutant backgrounds indicate that exuT transcription is deregulated in the exuR strain in vivo and in planta. [14C]-galacturonic acid uptake was constitutively high under inducing and noninducing conditions in the exuR mutant. Maximal exuT transcription activity was observed within 8 h of bacterial inoculation into potato tubers, well before any visible symptoms of disease were detected. This suggests that ExuT transport activity in E. chrysanthemi is important in the early stages of disease development.

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Пуртов, Ю. А., С. В. Тищенко, and А. Д. Никулин. "МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ГЕТЕРОДИМЕРА UXUR-EXUR С КОМПОНЕНТАМИ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО ПУТИ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ." Биофизика 66, no. 5 (2021): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0006302921050070.

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Фактор транскрипции UxuR является репрессором ряда генов катаболизма гексуронатов. Он может образовывать гетеродимеры со своим паралогом ExuR, что в присутствии глюкуроната ведет к активации репрессируемых UxuR генов. Ранее методом гибкого последовательного молекулярного докинга было предсказано, что сахара связываются с междоменными линкерами UxuR и ExuR, влияя на взаимное расположение доменов белков. Аналогичные расчеты на моделях гетеродимера UxuR-ExuR, соответствующих четырем точкам его молекулярно-динамической симуляции, тоже предсказывают связывание сахаров с междоменными линкерами. Изменения в конформации белка модулируют место и степень аффинности такого взаимодействия. Выдвигается гипотеза о появлении более стабильных комплексов UxuR-ExuR-глюкуронат с повышенной аффинностью связывания с некоторыми конформациями междоменных линкеров белков. Это уменьшает число свободных мономеров, а значит, и гомодимеров UxuR в присутствии этих сахаров, и снижает репрессию UxuR его регулона.

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Jun, Hee-Jung, and Maria Manta Conroy. "Comprehensive Planning and Sustainability in Georgia's Exurbs." Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 15, no. 3 (September 2013): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2013.766575.

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Ritzenthaler, Paul, Carlos Blanco, and Mireille Mata-Gilsinger. "Genetic analysis of uxuR and exuR genes: evidence for ExuR and UxuR monomer repressors interactions." Molecular and General Genetics MGG 199, no. 3 (June 1985): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00330766.

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Bessonova, Tatiana A., Maria S. Fando, Olga S. Kostareva, Maria N. Tutukina, Olga N. Ozoline, Mikhail S. Gelfand, Alexey D. Nikulin, and Svetlana V. Tishchenko. "Differential Impact of Hexuronate Regulators ExuR and UxuR on the Escherichia coli Proteome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 8379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158379.

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ExuR and UxuR are paralogous proteins belonging to the GntR family of transcriptional regulators. Both are known to control hexuronic acid metabolism in a variety of Gammaproteobacteria but the relative impact of each of them is still unclear. Here, we apply 2D difference electrophoresis followed by mass-spectrometry to characterise the changes in the Escherichia coli proteome in response to a uxuR or exuR deletion. Our data clearly show that the effects are different: deletion of uxuR resulted in strongly enhanced expression of D-mannonate dehydratase UxuA and flagellar protein FliC, and in a reduced amount of outer membrane porin OmpF, while the absence of ExuR did not significantly alter the spectrum of detected proteins. Consequently, the physiological roles of proteins predicted as homologs seem to be far from identical. Effects of uxuR deletion were largely dependent on the cultivation conditions: during growth with glucose, UxuA and FliC were dramatically altered, while during growth with glucuronate, activation of both was not so prominent. During the growth with glucose, maximal activation was detected for FliC. This was further confirmed by expression analysis and physiological tests, thus suggesting the involvement of UxuR in the regulation of bacterial motility and biofilm formation.

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Zuo, Shudi, Shaoqing Dai, Yaying Li, Jianfeng Tang, and Yin Ren. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Sources in the Soil of Riverbanks Across an Urbanization Gradient." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102175.

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Regional soil quality issues arising from rapid urbanization have received extensive attention. The riverbank that runs through a city is representative of urbanization gradient transformation. Thirty soil samples in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of seven analytes. Correlation, principle component analysis, cluster analysis and GeoDetector models suggested that the four groups (Cr-Ni-Cu, Cu-Zn-As-Sb, Cd and Pb) shared the same sources in the core urban region; five groups (Cr-Ni-Cu-Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Pb) in the suburbs and three groups (Cr-Ni, Cu-Zn-Cd-Sb-Pb and As) in the exurbs. GeoDetector methods not only validated the results of the three other methods, but also provided more possible impact factors. Besides the direct influences, the interaction effects among factors were quantified. Interactive combination with strong nonlinear increment changed from between-two-weak factors in the central region to between-strong-and-weak factors in the suburbs. In the exurbs, the stronger interaction effects were observed between strong and weak factors. Therefore, the GeoDetector model, which provided more detailed information of artificial sources could be used as a tool for identifying the potential factors of toxic elements and offering scientific basis for the development of subsequent pollution reduction strategies.

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Davis, Judy S., Arthur C. Nelson, and Kenneth J. Dueker. "The New' Burbs The Exurbs and Their Implications for Planning Policy." Journal of the American Planning Association 60, no. 1 (March 31, 1994): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944369408975551.

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21

Golding, Shaun A., and Richelle L. Winkler. "Tracking Urbanization and Exurbs: Migration Across the Rural–Urban Continuum, 1990–2016." Population Research and Policy Review 39, no. 5 (September 10, 2020): 835–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-020-09611-w.

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22

Stroub, Kori J., and Meredith P. Richards. "Suburbanizing Segregation? Changes in Racial/Ethnic Diversity and the Geographic Distribution of Metropolitan School Segregation, 2002–2012." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 119, no. 7 (July 2017): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900707.

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Background While postwar suburban migration established suburbs as relatively affluent, homogeneous white enclaves distinct from the urban core, recent waves of suburbanization and exurbanization have been spurred largely by rapid growth in the nonwhite population. While these increases in suburban racial/ethnic diversity represent a significant evolution of the traditional “chocolate city, vanilla suburbs” dichotomy, scholars have expressed concern that they are worsening racial/ethnic segregation among suburban public school students. Objective In this study, we document shifts in the racial imbalance of suburban schools in terms of several racial/ethnic and geographic dimensions (i.e., multiracial, black–white; between and within suburban districts, among localities). In addition, we extend the urban/suburban dichotomy to provide initial evidence on changes in racial balance in metropolitan exurbs. Finally, we use inferential models to directly examine the impact of changes in racial/ethnic diversity on shifts in racial imbalance. Research Design Using demographic data from the National Center of Education Statistics Common Core of Data on 209 U.S. metropolitan areas, we provide a descriptive analysis of changes in segregation within and between urban, suburban, and exurban localities from 2002 to 2012. We measure segregation using Theil's entropy index, which quantifies racial balance across geographic units. We assess the relationship between demographic change and change in segregation via a series of longitudinal fixed-effects models. Results Longitudinal analyses indicate that increases in racial/ethnic diversity are positively related to change in racial imbalance. However, observed increases in diversity were generally insufficient to produce meaningful increases in segregation. As a result, suburbs and exurbs, like urban areas, experienced little change in segregation, although trends were generally in a negative direction and more localities experienced meaningful declines in segregation than meaningful increases. Findings are less encouraging for suburbs and exurbs than for urban areas and underscore the intractability of black-white racial imbalance and the emerging spatial imbalance of Asians and whites. We also document an important shift in the geographic distribution of segregation, with suburbs now accounting for a plurality of metropolitan segregation. Conclusions Contrary to previous researchers, we do not find evidence that suburban and exurban schools are resegregating, although we fail to document meaningful progress towards racial equity. Moreover, while suburbs are not necessarily resegregating, we find that segregation is suburbanizing, and now accounts for the largest share of segregation of any locality. We conclude with a discussion of recommendations for policy and research.

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Li, Hong. "Unveiling Urban Evolution: Assessing Patterns of Transformation in Guangzhou's Net Production." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 7 (May 10, 2024): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/01g4y035.

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Urban evolution refers to the continuous changes and adaptation of urban environments to social, economic, technical, and environmental changes, acknowledging that cities are dynamic systems. Urbanization and land use/cover change (LULCC), which are mostly caused by human activity, which have a big impact on the environment. These two variables also affect urban vegetation when combined with climate change. We choose Guangzhou City to examine how urban growth processes and spatial changes in urban areas affect net production (NP). A Machine learning [ML] approach such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) was utilized to examine the relationship between NP and urbanization intensity. This study examined to analyze urban evolution, focusing on the patterns of change in the NP in Guangzhou City, China. The findings demonstrated between 2011 and 2023, the NP in the studied region decreased overall and had distinct geographic variation. The mean Urban Development Index (UDI) in Guangzhou increased significantly between 2011 and 2023. In both years, metropolitan exurbs constituted the majority of the urban geographic category, but the most notable increase in urban fringe areas, which accounted for about 2,320.24 km2 of the urban exurbs. Regarding UDI and NP, there was an opposite relationship, suggesting that the growing intensity of the growth of urban expansion negatively affected NP. Urban development intensity negatively influenced NP, with urban fringes experiencing the most significant losses due to an increase in urbanization and a decrease in agriculture.

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Ghandehari, Kavian. "Barriers of Thrombolysis Therapy in Developing Countries." Stroke Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/686797.

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The developing world carries the highest burden of stroke mortality and stroke-related disability. The number of stroke patients receiving r-tPA in the developing world is extremely low. Prehospital delay, financial constraints, and lack of infrastructure are main barriers of thrombolysis therapy in developing countries. Until a cheaper thrombolytic agent and the proper infrastructure for utilization of thrombolytic therapy is available, developing countries should focus on primary and secondary stroke prevention strategies. However, governments and health systems of developing countries should efforts exerb for promotion of their infrastructure of stroke care.

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Johnson, Jr., James H. "Coronavirus Pandemic Refugees and the Future of American Cities." Urban Studies and Public Administration 4, no. 1 (December 5, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v4n1p1.

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Paralleling crisis behavior in prior pandemics and continuing a contemporary migration trend already underway, wealthy individuals and families as well as remote workers in a host of other demographic groups are fleeing major, high cost, densely settled urban centers in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. These coronavirus pandemic refugees are relocating to less densely settled suburbs, exurbs, and rural areas—creating, in some instances, new “Zoom Towns.” The implications for the future viability of large cities are far ranging if, unlike prior pandemics, the social distance moves of coronavirus pandemic refugees and the aversion to dense urban living continue post-Covid-19.

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Bates Utz, Cristina, Ann B. Nguyen, Darren J. Smalley, April B. Anderson, and Tyrrell Conway. "GntP Is the Escherichia coli Fructuronic Acid Transporter and Belongs to the UxuR Regulon." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 22 (November 15, 2004): 7690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.22.7690-7696.2004.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli has four gluconate transporters, GntP, GntU, GntT, and IdnT, which are members of the major facilitator superfamily. The physiological function of GntP was previously unknown and is the subject of this study. GntP is not induced by gluconate, and despite being located adjacent to genes involved in glucuronate catabolism, gntP does not encode a glucuronate transporter. Here we identify gntP as the gene which encodes the fructuronate transporter. We show that gntP is induced by fructuronate and is a new member of the UxuR regulon: gntP is derepressed in an uxuR strain, UxuR binds in vitro specifically to an operator site that overlaps the gntP promoter, and UxuR binding is eliminated by fructuronate. Transcription of gntP requires activation by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein. A gntP mutant cannot grow on fructuronate but grows normally on glucuronate and gluconate. Thus, the UxuR regulon is a module of sugar acid catabolism whose physiological role is for growth on fructuronate. Glucuronate, because it proceeds through a fructuronate intermediate, must induce the UxuR regulon and must also induce the ExuR regulon, which encodes the glucuronate transporter, ExuT, and the first step in its catabolism, UxaC. Thus, hexuronate catabolism in E. coli requires both the ExuR and UxuR regulons, while fructuronate catabolism requires only the UxuR regulon.

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GRANDISON, A. J., E. R. GALEA, M. K. PATEL, and J. EWER. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION FOR A CFD BASED FIRE MODEL UTILISING CONVENTIONAL OFFICE BASED PCs." Journal of Applied Fire Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2003): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/agh5-exur-j110-hphe.

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Kwak, Kyeong-sang. "Formation of and Social Response to Ulsan’s Disenfranchised Exurbs: Focusing on Company Housing and Factory Towns." Korean Journal of Urban History 25 (November 30, 2020): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22345/kjuh.2020.11.25.7.

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Polson, Michael. "From Outlaw to Citizen: Police Power, Property, and the Territorial Politics of Medical Marijuana in California's Exurbs." Territory, Politics, Governance 3, no. 4 (August 21, 2015): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2015.1073613.

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Wilson, Jeffrey, Jamie Spinney, Hugh Millward, Darren Scott, Anders Hayden, and Peter Tyedmers. "Blame the exurbs, not the suburbs: Exploring the distribution of greenhouse gas emissions within a city region." Energy Policy 62 (November 2013): 1329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.012.

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Felleman, Susan. "“Show the Clichés:” the Appearance of Happiness in Agnès Varda’s Le Bonheur." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausfm-2021-0002.

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Abstract Le Bonheur, perhaps Agnès Varda’s most beautiful film, is also her most perplexing. The film’s insistently idyllic surface qualities, overtly beautiful imagery, and psychologically impenetrable, improbably content characters mystify and confuse. Of late, feminist scholars have clarified the situation, noting Varda’s incorporation of advertising and pop cultural visual rhetoric to implicate the social forces framing the picture and those insistently “happy” people: more like advertising ciphers than dramatic characters. Varda herself referenced Impressionist painting as a source of the film’s aesthetics. The purposes of this vivid, chromatic intertextual and intermedial source, in relation to the rhetoric of commercial and popular culture, demand attention. Varda studied art history and connected the milieu of Le Bonheur, the Parisian exurbs, their petit-bourgeois and working-class populace, and bucolic leisure, artisanal and industrial settings, to the modernity of 19th-century Impressionism. Le Bonheur uses an Impressionist picturesque dialectically, in relation to a pop contemporaneity, to observe and critique an ideological genealogy of capitalism and its oppression of women.

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Padukone, Neil. "India’s Climate Planning." South Asian Survey 19, no. 1 (March 2012): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971523114539581.

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India, which is ‘ground zero’ for climate change, has decided to reduce its carbon intensity, yet an important element of environmental efficiency neglected by India’s climate plan is the very way India designs itself. India’s recent development has focused not on ‘cities’ but on ‘metropolitan regions’ that include suburbs and exurbs. Such low-density growth increases oil consumption for car usage while neglecting the high-density based informal economy that is a source of India’s economic vitality and sustainable innovation. One important contribution of this economy is a vast recycling industry in which discarded materials are reprocessed, reused and returned to the market, effectively saving carbon space. An important way forward would be to integrate the informal sector into planning, by encouraging medium-density growth enabled by comfortable and efficient mass transit, following northern European rather than American planning patterns. Since environmental shifts may be inevitable, pre-emptive political and resource management arrangements must play a central role in India’s climate change adaptation plan.

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York Cornwell, Erin, and Matthew Hall. "Neighborhood Problems across the Rural-Urban Continuum: Geographic Trends and Racial and Ethnic Disparities." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 672, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 238–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217713171.

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Neighborhood problems such as abandoned buildings, broken windows, and crime are often seen as urban problems. However, the recent housing crisis, shifting demographics, and deepening inequality may have increased neighborhood problems outside of cities. This article describes trends in neighborhood quality across the rural-urban continuum and considers how these trends differ by race/ethnicity. We use data from the 1985 to 2013 American Housing Survey to examine neighborhood problems surrounding a sample of 125,049 housing units in central cities, suburbs, exurbs, and rural areas. We find that rates of neighborhood problems are consistently highest in cities, but they have been steadily increasing in nonmetropolitan areas. We also find that disparities in exposure to neighborhood problems among racial and ethnic groups are not limited to cities: blacks and Latinos living outside of metropolitan areas are increasingly and disproportionately exposed to neighborhood problems. Further research should examine both the causes and consequences of neighborhood problems across the rural-urban continuum.

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Davis, Amélie Yvonne, Andrew Freund, Sarah Lynn Dumyahn, Ryan Mendoza, Aura Muniz Torres, and Michelle Dawn Boone. "Parcel Management and Perceived Ecosystem Services and Disservices in the Exurbs of a Midwestern County in the United States." Land 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050448.

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Exurban development is a prominent land use in the United States of America, particularly in the Midwest, where much of it occurs on farmland and remnant woodlands. While exurbanization may affect ecosystem services, its impact could be modulated by management decisions made by residents. We aimed to uncover how exurban residents in a midwestern county perceived ecosystem services and disservices provided by their property based on 26 semi-structured interviews of landowners on parcels between 1 and 20 acres with a pond in unincorporated areas. We found the ecosystem services people associated most with their land are classified as cultural services (dominated by recreation services), while the most common mentioned disservices were classified as regulating disservices. Many ecosystem services that would be categorized as supporting or regulating services were not mentioned by interviewees, including microclimate stabilization, carbon sequestration, disease regulation, and maintenance of genetic diversity. Residents spent an average of 1.4 h/acre each week managing their properties. However, as parcel size and forest cover increased, the residents reported managing less surface area. Our study suggested that residents cultivate landscape features that directly benefit them and view many of the services that benefit regional biodiversity and ecosystem processes as disservices, which, to rectify, may require coordinated landscape-level management or local policies/incentives.

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Zhou, Jiangping, and Yuling Yang. "The death and life of restaurants: A visualization in the eras of easy online ordering and increased metro mobility." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 51, no. 4 (February 26, 2019): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19834307.

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Like pubs in Western countries, restaurants in China are not just places where people consume drinks and eat food. They are also venues where acquaintances, friends, colleagues and families meet, relax, entertain, talk and socialize. In the era of fast-paced life, Fordism, easy online ordering and increased metro mobility, what could happen to restaurants in cities? To answer this, we collected and processed two distinct years (2014 and 2017) of point of interest and metro network data in Shenzhen, China. The visuals based on the data indicate that most metro station areas saw the advent of new restaurants as Shenzhen expanded its metro network, shortening the average travel time by transit between the two officially designated central business districts (CBDs): Luohu and Futian. Several metro station areas in or around the CBDs enjoyed the most growth in new restaurants. In terms of the 10 metro station areas that experienced the greatest decline in the number of restaurants, five of them were in areas that were around 15 minutes’ metro travel from the CBDs. The remaining five scattered within suburbs rather than exurbs.

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Li, Lihua, Xinqi Zheng, and Weining Xiang. "Research on Site Coverage Distribution of Beijing Based on Geographic Information System." World Construction 2, no. 1 (May 29, 2013): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wc.v2i1.39.

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<p>Site coverage is an important index to learn spatial development pattern of the city. In this paper, with the help of spatial analysis functions of GIS, buffer and sector analysis are imposed in pursuit of finding possible spatial distribution rules of Beijing taken flagpole in Tian’anmen square as center. The results of sector analysis indicate that the building densities in such superior geographical condition areas as southeast and south are higher. Building densities of northern and western areas are low because of their bad terrain. The results of buffer analysis indicate the density of city center is the highest and have a negative relation with the augment of distance. That is to say, the average building density of center areas (buffer 1, 2 and 3, about 7.5km away) is about 26%. The average building density of transition region of city and countryside (buffer 10~20, about 25~50km away from center) is about 9%. The average building density of exurbs (after buffer 20~50km away from center) can't reach to 3%.</p>

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Li, Lihua, Xinqi Zheng, and Weining Xiang. "Research on Site Coverage Distribution of Beijing Based on Geographic Information System." World Construction 2 (May 29, 2013): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wcj.v2i1.5.

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<p>Site coverage is an important index to learn spatial development pattern of the city. In this paper, with the help of spatial analysis functions of GIS, buffer and sector analysis are imposed in pursuit of finding possible spatial distribution rules of Beijing taken flagpole in Tian’anmen square as center. The results of sector analysis indicate that the building densities in such superior geographical condition areas as southeast and south are higher. Building densities of northern and western areas are low because of their bad terrain. The results of buffer analysis indicate the density of city center is the highest and have a negative relation with the augment of distance. That is to say, the average building density of center areas (buffer 1, 2 and 3, about 7.5km away) is about 26%. The average building density of transition region of city and countryside (buffer 10~20, about 25~50km away from center) is about 9%. The average building density of exurbs (after buffer 20~50km away from center) can't reach to 3%.</p>

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Bohn, Horst, Mike Picker, Klaus Klass, and Jonathan Colville. "A jumping cockroach from South Africa, Saltoblattella montistabularis, gen. nov., spec. nov. (Blattodea: Blattellidae)." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 68, no. 1 (February 28, 2010): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.68.e31714.

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A jumping cockroach (Saltoblattella montistabularis) from Table Mountain, Cape Town, South Africa, is described. The new genus is defined, the characteristics of the species are thoroughly described with particular emphasis on unusual morphological adaptations for jumping. These include dramatic elongation of hind femur and tibia and enlargement of hind femur. The femur ventrally has a longitudinal groove for reception of the tibia during extreme fl exure prior to a jump. The euplantulae have unusual surface papillae which may assist landing after a jump. Further modifi cations from the standard cockroach design probably related to jumping locomotion are hemispherically-protruding compound eyes and a second point of articulation for the fi rst antennal segment. The hook of the male phallomeres is on the left, and the female does not rotate the ootheca prior to deposition. The exact position of the genus within the family Blattellidae is not clear; it is preliminarily placed in Blattellinae. The species and its jumping adaptations are compared with another recently discovered, but extinct jumping ‘cockroach’.

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Safiuddin, Mohammed. "Environmental Sustainability in Gated Communities." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 6 (June 30, 2024): 1889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63418.

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Abstract: Gated communities are residential areas with restricted access in which normally public spaces privatized. They are security developments with designated perimeters, usually walls or fences, and controlled entrances that are intended to prevent penetration by non-residents. They include new developments and older areas retrofitted with gates and fences, and they are found from the inner cities to the exurbs and from the richest neighborhood to the poorest. Many gated communities are being developed all over the world for providing housing facilities which often presents a unsustainable trends of security oriented urbanism. This project is an attempt to plan and design the layout according to building by laws and regulations of the governing authorities. In this project, we consider area which is located at Rajendra nagar to plan and design a layout, we designed the existing layout as a gated community by providing all facilities such as Drainage design, Overhead tank, Providing of Amenities such as open space, playschool for children, swimming pool, commercial facilities, play ground ,water Harvesting and a water treatment plant

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Tutukina, Maria N., Anna V. Potapova, Jeffrey A. Cole, and Olga N. Ozoline. "Control of hexuronate metabolism in Escherichia coli by the two interdependent regulators, ExuR and UxuR: derepression by heterodimer formation." Microbiology 162, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 1220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000297.

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Park, Yoo Min, and Mei-Po Kwan. "Understanding Racial Disparities in Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Considering the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Population Distribution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 1, 2020): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030908.

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This study investigates the effect of spatiotemporal distributions of racial groups on disparities in exposure to traffic-related air pollution by considering people’s daily movement patterns. Due to human mobility, a residential neighborhood does not fully represent the true geographic context in which people experience racial segregation and unequal exposure to air pollution. Using travel-activity survey data containing individuals’ activity locations and time spent at each location, this study measures segregation levels that an individual might experience during the daytime and nighttime, estimates personal exposure by integrating hourly pollution maps and the survey data, and examines the association between daytime/nighttime segregation and exposure levels. The proximity of each activity location to major roads is also evaluated to further examine the unequal exposure. The results reveal that people are more integrated for work in high-traffic areas, which contributes to similarly high levels of exposure for all racial groups during the daytime. However, white people benefit from living in suburbs/exurbs away from busy roads. The finding suggests that policies for building an extensive and equitable public transit system should be implemented together with the policies for residential mixes among racial groups to reduce everyone’s exposure to traffic-related air pollution and achieve environmental justice.

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Randa, Ryan, Sarah R. Bostrom, Wyatt Brown, Bradford W. Reyns, and Jessica C. Fleming. "Variations in Victimization: The Relationship between Community Types, Violence against Women and Reporting Behaviors." Social Sciences 12, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12090471.

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Existing research suggests that victimization risk is higher among urban residents. Violence against women is a notable exception in this trend. While the literature does indicate that rural women are at equal risk for violent victimization, it does not differentiate between types of non-urban spaces (exurbs, suburbs, small towns, dispersed rural). We use a five-category measure of rural-urban location articulated land use to disentangle victim–offender relationship distribution using a female victim sample from the 1996–2005 United States National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). In the most rural areas (dispersed rural locations), women are most likely to be victimized by friends or acquaintances. The proportion of women victimized by strangers in dispersed rural locations is very low. As urbanicity increases, so does the proportion of women victimized by strangers. The findings indicate that victim–offender relationships may be dictated by proximity. In dispersed rural locations, there are comparatively fewer people unknown to the victim than in central city locations. Consequently, proximity dictates that offenders in dispersed rural locations are unlikely to be strangers. The articulated land use measure ensures that the differences between types of rural and suburban locations are identified. Future research should consider the impact of proximity on rural victimization and increased specificity in rural measurements.

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Tutukina, Maria N., Anna V. Potapova, Peter K. Vlasov, Yuri A. Purtov, and Olga N. Ozoline. "Structural modeling of the ExuR and UxuR transcription factors of E. coli: search for the ligands affecting their regulatory properties." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 34, no. 10 (January 6, 2016): 2296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2015.1115779.

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Purtov, Y. A., S. V. Tishchenko, and A. D. Nikulin. "Modeling the Interaction of the UxuR–ExuR Heterodimer with the Components of the Metabolic Pathway of Escherichia coli for Hexuronate Utilization." Biophysics 66, no. 5 (September 2021): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006350921050201.

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Di Stefano, Danilo Alessio, and Francesco Orlando. "Ridge Preservation Using a Novel Enzyme-Treated Xenograft. A Preliminary Retrospective Histomorphometric Investigation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 21, 2020): 4256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124256.

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The use of xenografts to preserve the post-extraction alveolar ridge is an established and effective procedure. Recently, a novel freeze-dried, enzyme-deantigenic equine bone (EDEB) particulate combined with a hydrogel carrier (Exur®) containing ascorbic acid has been developed (EDEBEX). The aim of this study was to preliminarily investigate histomorphometric and early implant survival outcomes following the graft of EDEBEX in post-extractive sockets. Records of patients who underwent ridge preservation using EDEBEX followed by two-step implant placement were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Newly Formed Bone (NFB) and Residual Biomaterial (RB) at the implant placement site were measured through histomorphometric analysis, and early Marginal Bone Loss (MBL) for implants was calculated at the final follow-up. Records concerned 13 patients (nine women and four men, average age 54.1 ± 9.5 years). The 13 sockets were considered healed 4.5 ± 2.6 months (mean ± SD) after grafting, with NFB and RB values of 43.2 ± 22.1% and 8.8 ± 5.9%, respectively. 8.4 ± 5.8 months after implant placement, the median MBL was 0.20 [0.00–0.45] mm. No correlation was observed between MBL and NFB. EDEBEX grafted in post-extractive sockets for ridge preservation seems to allow for new bone formation with satisfactory implant outcomes. Future prospective studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.

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Tan, Kan, Su, Liu, and Zhang. "The Composition and Diversity of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities Along an Urban-To-Rural Gradient in South China." Forests 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090797.

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Soil microbes are of great significance to driving the biogeochemical cycles and are affected by multiple factors, including urbanization. However, the response of soil microbes to urbanization remains unclear. Therefore, we designed an urban-to-rural gradient experiment to investigate the response of soil microbial composition and diversity to urbanization. Here, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to analyze the biotic and abiotic effects on soil microbial composition and diversity along the urban-to-rural gradient. Our results showed that soil bacterial diversity was the highest in urban areas, followed by suburban areas, and was the lowest in exurbs; however, fungal diversity did not vary significantly among the three areas. Plant traits, i.e., tree richness, shrub richness, the number of tree stems, diameter at breast height of trees, and soil properties, i.e., pH, soil organic carbon, soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and soil water content, were only significantly influenced bacterial diversity, but not fungal diversity. The effect of trees and shrubs was higher than that of herbs on microbial composition. Soil organic carbon, pH, soil available nitrogen, soil exchangeable calcium, and magnesium were the major soil factors influencing the soil bacterial and fungal composition. Soil properties had a greater influence on bacterial than on fungal composition at genus level, while plant traits contributed more to fungal than to bacterial composition at genus level. Our study suggests that the urban-to-rural gradient affect the composition and diversity of bacterial community as well as the fungal composition, but not the fungal diversity.

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Li, Fei, Weiwei Sun, Gang Yang, and Qihao Weng. "Investigating Spatiotemporal Patterns of Surface Urban Heat Islands in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area, China, 2000–2015." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (June 29, 2019): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131553.

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Rapid urbanization has resulted in a serious urban heat island effect in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area of China during the past decades, negatively impacting the area’s sustainable development. Using Landsat images from 2000 to 2015, this paper analysed the spatial-temporal patterns in a surface urban heat island (SUHI) and investigated its relationship with urbanization. The derived land surface temperature (LST) and surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) were used to quantify the SUHI effect. Spatial analysis was employed to illustrate the spatial distribution and evolution of a SUHI. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was implemented to identify statistically significant factors that influenced the change of SUHII. The results show that hot and very hot spot areas increased from 387 km2 in 2000 to 615 km2 in 2015, and the spatial distribution changed from a monocentric to a polycentric pattern. The results also indicate that high-LST clusters moved towards the east, which was consistent with urban expansion throughout the study period. These changes mirrored the intensive development of three satellite towns. The statistical analysis suggests that both population density (e.g., changes in population density, CPOPD) and green space (e.g., changes in green space fraction, CGSF) strongly affected the changes in SUHII at different stages of the urbanization process. Increasing in population density has a lastingly effect on elevating the SUHII, whereas increasing green space has a constantly significant effect in mitigating the SUHII. These findings suggest that urban planners and policymakers should protect the cultivated lands in suburbs and exurbs, and make efforts to improve the utilization efficiency of construction land by encouraging the migrating population to live within the existing built-up regions.

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Zhang, Ying, Zuzhan Chen, Hongkai Sun, Shili Zhang, and Haoqian Liu. "Study on the Utilization of Vacant Houses in Rural Exurbs Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy by Taking Shenjia Village in Hunan Province as an Example." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 371 (December 13, 2019): 022055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/371/2/022055.

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Sobhaninia, Saeideh, Stephen T. Buckman, and Jason Schupbach. "Need for Creative Placemaking in New Development Areas: An Analysis of the Real Estate Developments of Qom, Iran." International Journal of Real Estate Studies 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/intrest.v17n1.244.

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Sense of place gives meaning to the areas in which we live. Despite the importance of the sense of place in the quality of life and the success of new development areas, many new developments, especially those built as exurbs to large cities and geared towards housing for middle and lower-income people, are built without a conscious understanding and design to encourage a sense of place. While recognizing that economic and longstanding racial, religious, and other societal factors might influence the flow of capital and resources to new development areas, placemaking can provide communities with some of the tools they need to revitalize neighborhoods. This paper presents the findings of one of those places in Qom, Iran, where development was built without consulting those who would live there and, in turn, suffered the repercussions of that decision. Moreover, although some studies have acknowledged the importance of creative placemaking, limited studies have provided practical strategies to improve new development areas using this concept. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the current sense of place and propose practical strategies to enhance place quality in new development areas using creative placemaking. Through a mixed-method study, including a survey and follow-up interviews with the community’s residents, the researchers have found that a general banality exists in the Qom, which degrades the residents' sense of place. The research results show the importance of social participation, emphasizing co-produced and citizen-led creative placemaking at the beginning of the development process. As only half of the community has been developed, the findings of this research can help lead the future of real estate development and, in turn, help real estate developers design and build communities that will create a sense of belonging for residents, maintain their value and be a destination for future residents.

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Thangaraj, Charles. "An economic case for small scale solar-wind-augmented agriculture in exurban localities." F1000Research 12 (April 4, 2023): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127506.1.

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Background: In addition to energy security and independence, infrastructure development, food production, agricultural resource management, and food security are increasingly becoming principal concerns for local and global affairs with public policy deliberations for economic, environmental, and new business initiatives. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the frailty of global supply chains and hastened the acceptance of remote work culture, motivating an urban exodus to exurbs and nearby rural communities. Globally, climate change has led to food scarcity and food supplies have been weakened by ongoing hostilities, commodity inflation, and political nationalism in banning exports. A potential solution for this is distributed small scale agriculture; which can increase food self-reliance, lower global demand, and can help achieve more equitable food availability. Methods: This paper presents a framework for designing an automatable farm for exurban locations with new population growth, identifying and quantifying the bounds on additional long-term economic benefits on an assumptive framework based model. The framework is based on localized, small scale modified pumped storage and gravity fed irrigation, where solar and wind provide the energy requirement. An economic case is made by contrasting capital cost to estimated reduction in food wastage and revenue from excess energy generation. Results: Using multidimensional US agricultural, energy, and economic data, a non-conventional economic analysis estimates that a 20% reduction in food wastage (due to use of exurban agriculture) over 10 years equates to USD $31.8 billion. This capital applied to exurban agriculture can be recovered in 10 years, plus setting up the infrastructure for long term agriculture and or local energy production for local consumption or export for additional revenue. Conclusions: Exurban agriculture, located closer to demand centers, leads to reduction in overall agriculture energy needs, improving food security and wastage. Additional energy production can generate revenue or reduce local grid-energy demand.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Exurb'

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