Journal articles: 'Extrusion systems'

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Hensen, F. "Innovative Extrusion Systems for Advanced Fiber and Film Extrusion." International Polymer Processing 5, no. 4 (December 1990): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.900223.

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ROSEN, BARRY P., SURESH V. AMBUDKAR, MIGUEL G. BORBOLLA, CHIH-MING CHEN, HUO-SHU HOUNG, HARRY L. T. MOBLEY, HIROSHI TSUJIBO, and GARY W. ZLOTNICK. "Ion Extrusion Systems in Bacteria." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 456, no. 1 Membrane Tran (November 1985): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb14870.x.

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Lukban, James C., Roger D. Beyer, and Robert D. Moore. "Incidence of Extrusion Following Type I Polypropylene Mesh “Kit” Repairs in the Correction of Pelvic Organ Prolapse." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/354897.

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Introduction and Hypothesis. We sought to determine the mesh extrusion (vaginal exposure) rates and subject outcomes following IntePro (Type I polypropylene) mesh “kit” repairs for vaginal prolapse.Methods. Data were pooled from two prospective multicenter studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Perigee and Apogee (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, Minn, USA) to treat anterior and posterior/apical prolapses, respectively. Extrusions involving the anterior compartment (AC) or posterior compartment/apex (PC/A) were recorded.Results. Two hundred sixty women underwent mesh placement, with a total of 368 mesh units inserted (173 in the AC and 195 in the PC/A). Extrusions were noted in 13 (7.5%) of AC implants and 27 (13.8%) of PC/A implants through 12 months. No difference was seen between those with and without extrusion in regard to anatomic cure, postoperative painor quality of life at 1 year.Conclusions. Extrusion had no apparent effect on short-term outcomes. Given the unknown long-term sequellae of vaginal mesh exposure, a thorough assessment of risks and benefits of transvaginal mesh placement should be considered at the time of preoperative planning.

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Prendergast, Margaret Elizabeth, Gabriel Montoya, Taciana Pereira, Jakub Lewicki, Ricky Solorzano, and Anthony Atala. "Microphysiological Systems: automated fabrication via extrusion bioprinting." Microphysiological Systems 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/mps.2018.03.01.

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Vrabec, Jeffrey T., Karen Stierman, and James J. Grady. "Hydroxyapatite Prosthesis Extrusion." Otology & Neurotology 23, no. 5 (September 2002): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200209000-00008.

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Kurnaz, Safa, Irem Bag, and Aysel Gulbandilar. "Apical extrusion of bacteria following the use of reciprocating single-file and rotary multi-file instrumentation systems in oval root canals." Brazilian Dental Science 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 8p. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2020.v23i4.2204.

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Objective: All instrumentation techniques and instruments are associated with apical extrusion during chemomechanical preparation, and this causes postoperative pain and flare-up. However, it is controversial whether reciprocal systems or rotary systems cause more apical extrusion. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the differences in the amounts of apically extruded bacteria (AEB) associated with nickel-titanium rotary and reciprocating systems when used in oval-shaped root canals. Material and Methods: Seventy human mandibular premolar teeth with oval-shaped canals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (15 teeth in each group) and one control group (10 teeth). The root canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and instrumented using two full-sequence rotary instruments (ProTaper Universal [PTU] and ProTaper Next [PTN]) and two reciprocating single-file instruments (Reciproc [R] and WaveOne [WO]). A 0.9% NaCl solution was used as an irrigant, and the bacterial extrusion was quantified as the number of colony-forming units for each sample. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U test, and the statistical significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: The R system was associated with the highest amount of bacterial extrusion (p <0.05). The PTU system caused more bacterial extrusion than the PTN and WO systems (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between the PTN and WO systems (p >0.05). Conclusions: All instrumentation techniques caused apical bacterial extrusion. The instrument design and preparation techniques affect the number of extruded bacteria.KEYWORDS Apical extrusion; Bacteria; Endodontics; Root canal preparation.

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Tian, Shuyu, Rory Stevens, Bridget McInnes, and Nastassja Lewinski. "Machine Assisted Experimentation of Extrusion-Based Bioprinting Systems." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070780.

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Optimization of extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) parameters have been systematically conducted through experimentation. However, the process is time- and resource-intensive and not easily translatable to other laboratories. This study approaches EBB parameter optimization through machine learning (ML) models trained using data collected from the published literature. We investigated regression-based and classification-based ML models and their abilities to predict printing outcomes of cell viability and filament diameter for cell-containing alginate and gelatin composite bioinks. In addition, we interrogated if regression-based models can predict suitable extrusion pressure given the desired cell viability when keeping other experimental parameters constant. We also compared models trained across data from general literature to models trained across data from one literature source that utilized alginate and gelatin bioinks. The results indicate that models trained on large amounts of data can impart physical trends on cell viability, filament diameter, and extrusion pressure seen in past literature. Regression models trained on the larger dataset also predict cell viability closer to experimental values for material concentration combinations not seen in training data of the single-paper-based regression models. While the best performing classification models for cell viability can achieve an average prediction accuracy of 70%, the cell viability predictions remained constant despite altering input parameter combinations. Our trained models on bioprinting literature data show the potential usage of applying ML models to bioprinting experimental design.

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Bussard, Alan, and Kerry M. Dooley. "Polymer hydrogenation in pulsed flow systems with extrusion." AIChE Journal 54, no. 4 (2008): 1064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.11448.

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Thakur, Bhagyashree, Ajinkya M. Pawar, Anda Kfir, and Prasanna Neelakantan. "Extrusion of Debris from Primary Molar Root Canals following Instrumentation with Traditional and New File Systems." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 11 (2017): 1040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2172.

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ABSTRACT Introduction To assess the amount of debris extruded apically during instrumentation of distal canals of extracted primary molars by three instrument systems [ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper NEXT (PTN), and self-adjusting file (SAF)] compared with conventional stainless steel hand K-files (HF, control). Materials and methods Primary mandibular molars (n = 120) with a single distal canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 30) for root canal instrumentation using group I, HF (to size 0.30/0.02 taper), group II, PTU (to size F3), group III, PTN (to size X3), and group IV, SAF. Debris extruded during instrumentation was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes, stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and then weighed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Turkey's post hoc test (p = 0.05). Results All the groups resulted in extrusion of debris. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the debris extrusion between the three groups: HF (0.00133 ± 0.00012), PTU (0.00109 ± 0.00005), PTN (0.00052 ± 0.00008), and SAF (0.00026 ± 0.00004). Conclusion Instrumentation with SAF resulted in the least debris extrusion when used for shaping root canals of primary molar teeth. Clinical significance Debris extrusion in primary teeth poses an adverse effect on the stem cells and may also alter the permanent dental germ. Debris extrusion is rarely reported for primary teeth and it is important for the clinician to know which endodontic instrumentation leads to less extrusion of debris. How to cite this article Thakur B, Pawar AM, Kfir A, Neelakantan P. Extrusion of Debris from Primary Molar Root Canals following Instrumentation with Traditional and New File Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1040-1044.

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Marchiori, Monique, Arissa Michelle Yamada Corrêa, Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho, Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo, Natanael Henrique Ribeiro Mattos, Luiz Fernando Fariniuk, and Flares Baratto-Filho. "Influence of different reciprocating systems on the apical extrusion of debris in flat-oval canals." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 20 (June 11, 2021): e213781. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8663781.

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Aim: To evaluate the apical extrusion of debris in flat-oval canals, using three reciprocating systems at two different working lengths (WL), 0 mm and 1 mm from the apical foramen. Methods: Ninety mandibular incisors were randomly divided into three groups based on the systems: WaveOne Gold #25.07 (WOG), ProDesign R #25.06 (PDR), and X1 Blue #25.06 (X1B). Extruded debris were collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. Three consecutive weighings were performed for each tube, and the mean was calculated. If the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance were not met, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the amount of extruded debris between groups with the same WL, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison within groups for each WL. Results: All groups had extruded debris, with higher median values occurring at 1 mm. No significant difference regarding the amount of debris extrusion was observed at 0 mm (p>0.05) and 1 mm (p>0.05) between groups. However, within the groups, at different WL, there was greater extrusion at 1 mm (p<0.05), with PDR differing significantly from the other systems (p<0.05). Conclusion: The extrusion of debris occurred regardless of the group, with higher values at 1 mm. However, using PDR at 1 mm from the apical foramen showed the highest values of extrusion.

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Uzunoglu, Emel, and Melahat Görduysus. "Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigant using Novel Preparation Systems." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 4 (2014): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1556.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant using Reciproc vs self-adjusting file (SAF) and to investigate the effect, if any, of gravitational force via mandibular and maxillary positioning of the teeth. Materials and methods Forty human mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 teeth each. The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturers’ instructions using the Reciproc and SAF. Sodium hypochlorite was used as the irrigant. The apically extruded debris was collected in pre-weighted glass vials using the Myers and Montgomery method, and teeth were placed in vials both in downward and upward positions. After drying, the mean weight of debris was assessed with a microbalance and statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Results All instrumentation techniques and positions caused measurable apical extrusion of debris. A significant difference was observed according to position and instrument used (p < 0.05). The Reciproc extruded significantly more debris than SAF and vial downward position extruded significantly more debris than upward position (p < 0.05). Conclusion Under the conditions of this study, all systems caused apical debris extrusion, especially in the downward position. Clinical significance According to results of this study, the SAF was associated with less debris extrusion compared to the Reciproc in both mandibular and maxillary positions. How to cite this article Uzunoglu E, Görduysus M. Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigant using Novel Preparation Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):423-427.

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Ma, Shifeng, Hao Wang, Hongyuan Cheng, Junguo Li, Min Xue, and Yuchang Qin. "Modelling and Comparison of Wheat Flour Extrusion Cooking Behaviours in Two Different Twin-Screw Extrusion Systems." Food and Bioprocess Technology 11, no. 7 (May 8, 2018): 1381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2107-4.

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He, Hong, and Jian Guo Zhou. "On-Line Measurement of Rheological Properties of LDPE, HDPE and LDPE/MICA Systems in Single-Screw Extrusion." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1788.

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The quality of extrudate is closely related to its rheological properties during extrusion. Therefore, on-line measurement of rheological properties of polymer is important in extrusion process. In the present work, comparisons between the on-line viscosities of LDPE in single screw extruder and that in lab under the same condition were made by using online rheometer. Effects of set temperature of on-line rheometer, screw configuration and different positions, as well as weight proportions of filler, size of MICA particles of LDPE/MICA multiphase system on the melt viscosity in single screw extrusion are discussed.

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Farmer, Steven, and Seth Berg. "Ring Contracting Sulfur Extrusion from Oxidized Phenothiazine Ring Systems." Molecules 13, no. 6 (June 12, 2008): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules13061345.

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Karova, Emilia, and Sherihan Zongova Adem. "Apical Extrusion Potential of Two Nickel-Titanium Retreatment Systems." Scholars Journal of Dental Sciences 9, no. 5 (June 17, 2022): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjds.2022.v09i05.002.

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The aim of the study was to quantify the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal filling removal with D-Race and Mtwo retreatment systems. Twenty-four extracted single-rooted mandibular incisors with straight oval-shaped root canals were instrumented with XP-Endo Shaper files and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using vertical compaction technique. All filled samples were temporarily sealed with Citodur Hard and stored in distilled water for 30 days. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups, according to the nickel-titanium system used for root canal filling removal (n=12). The retreatment procedure was performed with Mtwo Retreatment and D-Race Retreatment. The extruded debris during retreatment procedures, was collected in preweighted Eppendorf tubes. The actual weight of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight of the Eppendorf tubes. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 software. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. The investigation results did not find statistically significant differences between the experimental groups. It could be concluded that retreatment with both Mtwo and D-Race cause apical extrusion of debris material with no statistically significant difference between the amounts produced by the two tested systems.

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Hegarty, Rob, and John Haggerty. "Extrusion detection of illegal files in cloud-based systems." International Journal of Space-Based and Situated Computing 5, no. 3 (2015): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijssc.2015.070954.

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Wang, K. J., and L. J. Lee. "Rheological and extrusion behavior of dispersed multiphase polymeric systems." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33, no. 2 (February 5, 1987): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330214.

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Ratnakar, P., S. Aspalli Nagaveni, K. Reddy Balakoti, Karan Smita, SV Satish, and T. Aravind. "Quantitative Evaluation of Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigants using Four Rotary Instrumentation Systems: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 6 (2013): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1452.

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ABSTRACT Clinical significance The apical extrusion of infected debris may have the potential to disrupt the balance between microbial aggression and host defense, resulting in incidents of acute inflammation. During preparation, irrigants and debris, such as bacteria, dentin filings and necrotic tissue may be extruded into the periradicular region leading to periapical inflammation and postoperative flare ups. Using an instrumentation technique that minimizes apical extrusion would be beneficial to both the practitioner and patient. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the weight of debris and volume of irrigant extruded apically from extracted teeth in vitro after endodontic instrumentation using four different rotary root canal instrumentation systems. Materials and methods Four groups of each 20 extracted mandibular premolars were instrumented using one of the four systems: ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)), Hero-shaper (MicroMega, Besancon, France), RaCe (FKG Dentaire, La-Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) and K3 (SybronEndo, West Collins, CA). Debris and irrigant extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation were collected in preweighed test tubes. Volume of irrigant extruded was noted. The containers were stored in incubator at 70° for two days to evaporate the moisture. Weight of dry debris was noted. Statistical analysis Data was analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance of 0.001. Results The results indicated that all of the instrumentation systems tested caused measurable apical extrusion of debris and irrigants. Higher extrusion was observed with Protaper system which was statistically significant with Hero-Shaper, RaCe and K3 systems. There were no statistical differences between Hero-shaper, K3 and RaCe systems (p < 0.05). Conclusion All instrumentation techniques apically extruded debris and irrigant. However, Hero-shaper, K3 and RaCe systems produced less extruded debris and irrigant than the Protaper system. How to cite this article Nagaveni SA, Balakoti KR, Smita K, Ratnakar P, Satish SV, Aravind T. Quantitative Evaluation of Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigants using Four Rotary Instrumentation Systems: A in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1065-1069.

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Barbosa-Ribeiro, Marlos, Rodrigo Arruda-Vasconcelos, Fabio L. Fabretti, Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Gustavo De-Deus, and Brenda P. F. A. Gomes. "Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris Using Positive and Negative Pressure Irrigation Systems in Association with Different Irrigants." Brazilian Dental Journal 29, no. 2 (March 2018): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801750.

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Abstract This study evaluated the amount of apically extruded debris after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) using positive and negative pressure irrigation systems [Conventional irrigation (CI) and EndoVac (EV)] in association with different irrigants [6% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% Chlorhexidine gel + saline solution (CHXg + SS), 2% Chlorhexidine solution (CHXs) or Saline solution (SS)]. Eighty mandibular premolars with single root canals were selected and randomly assigned into 8 groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation system and the irrigant used during CMP: G1 (EV + NaOCl), G2 (EV + CHXg + SS), G3 (EV + CHXs), G4 (EV + SS), G5 (CI + NaOCl), G6 (CI + CHXg + SS), G7 (CI + CHXs) and G8 (CI + SS). Reciproc® R25 files (25/.08) were used during the CMP and the extruded debris from each tooth was collected in pre-weighted Eppendorf tubes and dried. The average weight of debris was assessed using a microbalance, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey’s test (a = 0.05). All groups were associated with debris extrusion. EV was the irrigation system with less extruded debris (p < 0.05). No differences were observed regarding the irrigant when EV was used. When CI was used, CHXg + SS were associated with lower debris extrusion (p < 0.05). It was concluded that no irrigation protocol succeeded in preventing debris extrusion. EV resulted in lower levels of debris extrusion than CI. The use of CHXg + SS resulted in lower debris extrusion.

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Gungor, Ozge Erken, and Alper Kustarci. "Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris using Two Niti Systems Associated with Two İrrigation Techniques in Primary Teeth." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 40, no. 6 (January 1, 2016): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-40.6.490.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 NiTi file systems [Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) and Reciproc (RP)] and 2 irrigation techniques [Conventional needle irrigation (CNI) and Laser activated irrigation (LAI)] on the amount of apically extruded debris in primary maxillary molars. Study design:: Sixty extracted primary maxillary molars were randomly divided into 4 groups. The mesio-buccal roots of teeth in 4 groups were instrumented using TFA with LAI, RP with LAI, TFA with CNI and RP with CNI respectively. Debris extruded during instrumentation was collected into Eppendorf tubes and amounts were determined. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The results indicated all instrumentation and irrigation systems caused a measurable apical extrusion of debris. However, no statistically significant difference in debris extrusion was observed between irrigation techniques or instrumentation systems (P > 0.05). The total amount of debris extruded apically by LAI was greater than that by CNI. Conclusions: All instrumentation and irrigation techniques caused debris extrusion. However, the optimal laser activation time and power settings should be investigated to ensure minimal extrusion of debris and irrigant due to cavitation and pressure during LAI in root canal treatment.

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Yılmaz Çırakoglu, Neslihan, and Yağız Özbay. "Apically extruded debris associated with ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold and TruNatomy systems: An in vitro study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 15, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2021.006.

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Background. This research aimed to investigate and compare the amount of apically extruded debris after root canal preparation using ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, and TruNatomy systems. Methods. Forty-five extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single canals with similar lengths were used. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), or TruNatomy (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) files. Apically extruded debris during preparation was gathered into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. Then the Eppendorf tubes were incubated at 70°C for five days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed again to determine their final weight plus the extruded debris. Results. The TRN system resulted in significantly less debris extrusion than the PTN system (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the PTN and PTG groups and between the PTG and TRN groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. All the instrumentation systems caused apical extrusion of debris. However, the TRN system resulted in significantly less debris extrusion than the other systems.

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Yang, Yu Jie, Bao Rui Yan, Ya Dong He, and Chun Ling Xin. "Identification of Tandem-Extrusion System's Dynamic Characteristics Based on MATLAB and State Subspace Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1580.

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In view of the complexity of twin screw and melt pump tandem extrusion systems, the identification of the dynamic characteristics of these systems was performed by using MATLAB and state subspace method. Three input one output model was obtained and the controllability and observability of the system was identified by MATLAB. The fitting degree of simulated and actual melt pressure curve increased with increasing the output variables, which indicated that the tandem extrusion system was an interrelated coupled nonlinear system.

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Parvathaneni, Madhukiran, Battu Heera, and Sudhakar Beeravelli. "A Review on Hot Melt Extrusion Coupled Novel Drug Delivery Systems." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 5 (September 15, 2022): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5.5646.

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The utilization of hot melt extrusion (HME) technology for new applications is increasing in recent years, as evidenced by the many published reports in the last five years. Because of its process automation and low-cost scale-up qualities, which decrease labor expenses and capital investment. HME has emerged as an essential technology for drug delivery applications in pharmaceutical research and manufacture. The novel application of the HME process provides a promising alternate approach in the formulation of novel drug delivery systems. The present review discusses the importance of HME in the development of novel drug delivery systems with the review of relevant case studies. Keywords: hot melt extrusion, novel drug delivery, pharmaceutical research

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Edwards, D. A., M. E. Mackay, Z. R. Swain, C. R. Banbury, and D. D. Phan. "Maximal 3D printing extrusion rates." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 84, no. 5 (October 2019): 1022–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxz024.

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Abstract Many applications of 3D printing are enhanced by increased printing speed. In the hot end of a 3D printer, the polymer feed stock flows in a heated cylinder at a set temperature. Since the polymer must be hot enough to reach a pliant state before extrusion, this establishes a maximum velocity beyond which the polymer is too rigid to be extruded. A mathematical model is presented for this system, and both amorphous and crystalline polymer systems are examined. The former is a heat transfer problem; the latter is a Stefan problem. Several different conditions for establishing the maximum velocity are considered; using the average polymer temperature in the hot end matches well with experimental data.

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Prusinowski, Artur, and Roman Kaczyński. "Simulation of Processes Occurring in the Extrusion Head Used in Additive Manufacturing Technology." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0049.

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AbstractThe purpose of this research is unsatisfactory state of knowledge of the abrasive wear of composites with thermoplastic polymer as matrix material and reinforcing material in the form of short and focused carbon fibers that can be used in additive manufacturing technologies. The paper presents a conceptual design of an extrusion head used in Fused Deposition Technology, which allows for the implementation of appropriately stacked fibers at the level of detail production. Finite element simulation was performed to simulate the thermal effect of the system to demonstrate the effect of head cooling on the system. The assumed extrusion temperature of the material was obtained at a uniform nozzle temperature and stable temperature of the entire system. Flow simulation of thermoplastic polymer was carried out in the designed extrusion nozzle. By supplying 0.5 mm wire of 1.75 mm diameter thermoplastic material to the nozzle, the extrusion rate was 0.192 m/s. The proper design of the extrusion head for the intended applications has been demonstrated and the purpose of further research in this field has been confirmed.

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Teixeira, P. F., J. A. Covas, M. J. Suarez, I. Angulo, and L. Hilliou. "Film Blowing of PHB-Based Systems for Home Compostable Food Packaging." International Polymer Processing 35, no. 5 (November 1, 2020): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-350506.

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Abstract One of the routes to minimize the environmental impact of plastics waste is the use of bio-sourced and biodegradable alternatives, particularly for packaging applications. Although Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are attractive candidates for food packaging, they have poor processability, particularly for extrusion film blowing. Thus, one relatively successful alternative has been blending PHA with a biodegradable polymer. This work proposes film blowing of a co-extruded Poly (hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) layer with a poly butylene adipateco- terephtalate (PBAT) layer to enhance bubble stability, mechanical and barrier properties. Co-extrusion is detailed, together with the different strategies followed to improve adhesion between film layers and the PHB content in the films. Films with thicknesses below 50 micron and elongation at break beyond 500% were consistently produced.

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KOTHASIRI, Anupama Francy, and Srinivasa Rao CHALAMALASETTI. "Investigation of Cold Extrusion of Aluminum AA 2024 Alloy using Finite Element Analysis." INCAS BULLETIN 14, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.3.14.

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In recent years, the interest in modeling extrusion processes has resulted in the development of several analytical and numerical methodologies. The present work optimizes cold extrusion process variables (Die angle (DA), Ram speed (RS), Coefficient of friction (CoF)) on extrusion force, displacement, damage and time for the Aluminum AA 2024 alloy material. DEFORMTM-3D software is used to carry out numerical simulations and to study the behavior of the Aluminum AA 2024 billet during the plastic deformation over the conical die. The die/ container and ram (top die) are considered as rigid bodies and the room temperature is maintained during the extrusion process. The simulations are conducted as per L27 Taguchi orthogonal array. The obtained results are analyzed in ANOVA. An optimization using multiple variables is performed by grey relational analysis (GRA). The highest grey relational grade (GRG) is obtained for experiments conducted at DA level 2, RS level 2, and CoF level 3 (minimum extrusion force, damage and time) and (maximum displacement) is achieved by GRA. Systematically, the influence of the ram speed, coefficient of friction, and die angle are examined. The damage factor is considerable at 30° DA under the ram speed of 3mm/min.

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Rincón Carlés, A. M., E. E. Pérez Sira, Z. M. González Parada, and P. J. Rodríguez González. "Cambios microestructurales del almidón de Canavalia ensiformis modificado por métodos térmicos / Microstructural changes of Canavalia ensiformis starch modified by thermal methods." Food Science and Technology International 5, no. 1 (February 1999): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329900500103.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural changes of Canavalia ensiformis starch, which was gelatinized in limited and excess water model systems and modified by dry heat, extrusion-cooking and pregelatinization, as well as to relate the changes caused by extrusion cooking and pregelatinization with some functional properties of this starch. The microscopical observation performed in the model systems showed granular swelling, solubility and lixiviation of intragranular material, while dry heat did not affect the starch microstructure. The extrusion-cooking partially changed the starch mor phology, with some granules affected, while others remained intact; the pregelatinization totally al tered the granular structure and the starch granules showed a coarse and flaky appearance. These changes could be associated with the functional properties of canavalia starch, although the most evident variations were produced by the pregelatinization process.

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Cassagnau, Philippe, Véronique Bounor-Legaré, and Bruno Vergnes. "Experimental and modelling aspects of the reactive extrusion process." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 8 (2019): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019052.

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Reactive extrusion consists in using an extruder as a continuous chemical reactor. It is not a recent process, but it has been rapidly developed during the last thirty years and is more and more used today for the chemical modification of existing polymers. Among the various extrusion systems (single screw extruders, counter- and corotating twin-screw extruders, co-kneaders), the corotating twin-screw extruders are today the most widely used in reactive extrusion. After a presentation of the main advantages and drawbacks of the reactive extrusion, we will describe the way to control the process through on-line and in-line monitoring. Then, a modelling approach based on continuum mechanics will be presented, followed by an example of industrial applications of this particular process.

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Dadalti, Manoela Teixeira de Sant'Anna, Beatriz de Melo Cabral Mosquéra, Renata Jorge de Oliveira, Isadora Minervini de Aquino Leite, Natalia Felizardo Oliveira, and Patrícia de Andrade Risso. "APICAL DEBRIS EXTRUSION DURING INSTRUMENTATION WITH CONTINUOUS AND RECIPROCATING SYSTEMS." Rio de Janeiro Dental Journal (Revista Científica do CRO-RJ) 6, no. 2 (2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/244963.6.2-8.

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Hazar, Ecehan, Olcay Özdemir, MustafaMurat Koçak, BaranCan Sağlam, and Sibel Koçak. "Apical debris extrusion of single-file systems in curved canals." Endodontology 33, no. 3 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_105_21.

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Zan, Recai, Hüseyin Sinan Topçuoğlu, İhsan Hubbezoğlu, Jale Tanalp, and Meriç Karapınar Kazandağ. "Evaluation of different instrumentation systems for apical extrusion of debris." Yeditepe Dental Journal 13, no. 1 (2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/yeditepe.2017.40085.

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Nóbrega, J. M., O. S. Carneiro, A. Gaspar-Cunha, and N. D. Gonçalves. "Design of Calibrators for Profile Extrusion – Optimizing Multi-step Systems." International Polymer Processing 23, no. 3 (July 2008): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2148.

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Sprockel, Omar L., Mahua Sen, Padmaja Shivanand, and Waruwan Prapaitrakul. "A melt-extrusion process for manufacturing matrix drug delivery systems." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 155, no. 2 (September 1997): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00165-8.

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Campillo, Clément, Léa-Laetitia Pontani, Pierre Nassoy, Patricia Bassereau, and Cécile Sykes. "Nanotether Extrusion to probe Membrane-Cytoskeleton Interaction in Model Systems." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 386a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.2891.

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Auriemma, Giulia, Carmela Tommasino, Giovanni Falcone, Tiziana Esposito, Carla Sardo, and Rita Patrizia Aquino. "Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092784.

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Novel additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and particularly 3D printing (3DP) have achieved a decade of success in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Highly innovative personalized therapeutical solutions may be designed and manufactured through a layer-by-layer approach starting from a digital model realized according to the needs of a specific patient or a patient group. The combination of patient-tailored drug dose, dosage, or diagnostic form (shape and size) and drug release adjustment has the potential to ensure the optimal patient therapy. Among the different 3D printing techniques, extrusion-based technologies, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and semi solid extrusion (SSE), are the most investigated for their high versatility, precision, feasibility, and cheapness. This review provides an overview on different 3DP techniques to produce personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices, highlighting, for each method, the critical printing process parameters, the main starting materials, as well as advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the recent developments of fused filament fabrication and semi solid extrusion 3DP are discussed. In this regard, the current state of the art, based on a detailed literature survey of the different 3D products printed via extrusion-based techniques, envisioning future directions in the clinical applications and diffusion of such systems, is summarized.

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Furtado, Odilma Mariana Gonçalves, Caroline Felipe Magalhães Girelli, Viviane Ferreira Guimarães Xavier, Mariane Floriano Lopes Santos Lacerda, Renato Girelli Coelho, and Ludmilla De Almeida Cunha. "Performance of the Protaper Universal and Protaper Next files in relation to the apical extrusion of debris." Revistas 74, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18363/rbo.v74n3.p.221.

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Objective: the purpose of this literature review was to evaluate apical debris extrusion after root canal preparation with Protaper Universal and Protaper Next Rotary systems. Material and Methods: the question that supported the collection of scientific evidence for the present study was: Which rotary system presents the best performance regarding the apical extrusion of debris: Protaper Universal or Protaper Next? From the online search databases, a bibliographic research was carried out covering original research studies, using as descriptors: Apical extrusion debris, Protaper Universal and Protaper Next. Articles had to meet the following inclusion criteria: should have been published in the English language from 2014 to 2017 and should compare both mentioned rotary files systems regarding apical extrusion of debris in the same study. Ninety-six articles were found after research and six were included for this integrative review. Results: six studies remained included after the inclusion criteria analysis. Of these, 50% were published in 2016, 16.6% in 2015 and and 33% in 2014. Weight establishment of the extruded material was the methodology used in all studies to evaluate the performance of the files By analyzing the amount of apically extruded material, it was found that the Protaper Universal system extruded more quantity than the Protaper Next system. Conclusion: it was concluded that, although there is no system capable of performing the instrumentation without promoting apical extrusion, the Protaper Next rotary files system presented better performance when compared to the Protaper Universal files system, regarding the apical debris extrusion.

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Haider, Sajjad. "Spontaneous extrusion of an intraocular lens implant." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 18, no. 5 (September 1992): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(13)80113-7.

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Cousins, W. J., and T. E. Porritt. "Improvements to lead-extrusion damper technology." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 26, no. 3 (September 30, 1993): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.26.3.342-348.

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Lead-extrusion dampers are energy absorbing devices that have been designed to provide damping for seismic isolation systems. One type, called the constricted tube damper, has been manufactured for several applications in New Zealand. High manufacturing costs and some performance considerations associated with the damper led to consideration of an alternative design known as the bulged shaft damper. This report describes tests carried out on bulged shaft dampers of two sizes, 100kN and 700kN yielded force. Results show that the bulged shaft design of damper can be expected to perform well during major seismic events, including mainshock/aftershock sequences.

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Górecki, Jan, Ireneusz Malujda, Krzysztof Talaśka, and Dominik Wojtkowiak. "Dry Ice Compaction in Piston Extrusion Process." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0048.

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AbstractThe article presents the results of research on the effect of extrusion tube geometry on the axial force being the key parameter of the dry ice piston extrusion process. The tests were carried out with the experimental set-up based on a cylindrical extrusion tube used alone and supplemented with reducer (orifice). The focus of the experiments was to determine the effect of compression tube reducer on the value of the force of resistance FOP in the dry ice compression process. Its value can subsequently be used as the basis for establishing guidelines for designing and building machines for compression and pelletizing of dry ice.

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Plumeri, J. E., and W. Z. Misiolek. "Design of a novel experimental profile for the development of a numerical model for extrusion processing of a magnesium alloy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1270, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1270/1/012085.

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Magnesium alloys are an important structural material to many global industries. Their high specific physical properties are useful in the design of lightweight engineering systems. In this study, the development of a numerical model for the prediction of high-temperature extrusion of an Mg-Zn-Ce alloy (ZE20) is presented. A novel design of an I-shaped profile for extrusion processing was created as part of this effort. This design was used to produce extrudates with large strain gradients across a single profile. In parallel, new numerical tools were developed to predict the extrusion behaviour of the ZE20 alloy. Finite element simulation of the indirect extrusion laboratory trials was used to calibrate the numerical model. Microstructural measurements of experimental samples through EBSD analysis were compared with simulation calculations, and insights into the relationship between extrusion temperature, strain, and resulting microstructure were gained. A fully recrystallised, bimodally distributed grain microstructure was observed throughout the samples. Proportions of grain refinement within the bimodal distribution were shown to correspond with localised strain gradients for a profile with nearly uniform temperature. Ultimately, extrusion press load calculations using the numerical model were shown to be within 5% of experimental trial values.

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Wang, Jang-Ping, and Guo-Ming Huang. "Fine extrusion device approach." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 86, no. 5-8 (January 12, 2016): 1733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8277-6.

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Nevares, Giselle, Felipe Xavier, Luciana Gominho, Flávia Cavalcanti, Marcely Cassimiro, Kaline Romeiro, Pamella Alvares, et al. "Apical Extrusion of Debris Produced during Continuous Rotating and Reciprocating Motion." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/267264.

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This study aimed to analyse and compare apical extrusion of debris in canals instrumented with systems used in reciprocating and continuous motion. Sixty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20): the Reciproc (REC), WaveOne (WO), and HyFlex CM (HYF) groups. One Eppendorf tube per tooth was weighed in advance on an analytical balance. The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and standardised irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was performed to a total volume of 9 mL. After instrumentation, the teeth were removed from the Eppendorf tubes and incubated at 37°C for 15 days to evaporate the liquid. The tubes were weighed again, and the difference between the initial and final weight was calculated to determine the weight of the debris. The data were statistically analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests (α=5%). All systems resulted in the apical extrusion of debris. Reciproc produced significantly more debris than WaveOne (p<0.05), and both systems produced a greater apical extrusion of debris than HyFlex CM (p<0.001). Cross section and motion influenced the results, despite tip standardization.

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Moreno Nieto, Daniel, and Sergio I. Molina. "Large-format fused deposition additive manufacturing: a review." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 5 (December 16, 2019): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2018-0126.

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Purpose The build volumes of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are increasing in size. This improvement is associated with the growing reliability of AM processes and is driven by a rise in demand from several industries. Large-format additive manufacturing (LFAM), when referring to polymeric extrusion systems, is quite new in the field of AM. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of large-format (those with build volumes over 1 m3) fused deposition or extrusion-based AM equipment. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an exhaustive literature review for all the publications in the field of AM in the current decade, as well as technological coverage in the news, specialized blogs and technology fairs since the year 2015. Findings This review reveals growing scientific and industrial activity, as well as in equipment, in the field of LFAM. An increase in research activity is also occurring in parallel with a growing interest, potential and adaptation of these technologies in certain industries. Originality/value This review may be the first publication to collect the majority of existing information on LFAM for polymeric extrusion systems in terms of applied extrusion technologies, commercial products, specific material research and developments, intellectual property, design and simulation solutions, as well as its practical applications.

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Sonaglio, D., A. O. Beringhs, A. Porfírio, and B. Bataille. "On the factors influencing the extrusion strain, particle size and dissolution behavior of multiparticulate systems obtained by extrusion/spheronization." Powder Technology 230 (November 2012): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.06.052.

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MAGU, S. "Spontaneous extrusion of subconjunctival cysticercus cellulosae." British Journal of Ophthalmology 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 110g—110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.1.110g.

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Khawaja, K., L. Seneviratne, and K. Althoefer. "Wheel-Tooling Gap Measurement System for Conform™ Extrusion Machinery Based on a Capacitive Sensor." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 2 (April 25, 2005): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1870004.

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Conform™ extrusion is a very versatile manufacturing process enabling the production of a wide range of extruded profiles. It is critical to maintain a precise predefined wheel-tooling gap for the efficient running of the Conform extrusion process and to maintain high product quality. However, this is a challenging task due to the hostile environment, high operating temperatures, and required accuracy. An accurate high-temperature gap measurement system for Conform extrusion machinery, using a capacitive sensing system, is developed in this study. The sensor is implemented in a copper Conform extrusion machine, and experimental results are presented, providing for the first time a detailed view of Conform Extrusion gap behavior during production. It is shown that the proposed gap-sensing and control system results in a number of advantages, including reduced machine setup times, reduced flash (waste) rates, and on-line monitoring and control of gap size. The research is carried out in collaboration with Holton Machinery Ltd., a leading manufacturer of Conform Extrusion machinery.

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Kaczor, Daniel, Krzysztof Bajer, Grzegorz Domek, Piotr Madajski, Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor, and Paweł Szroeder. "Influence of Extruder Plasticizing Systems on the Selected Properties of PLA/Graphite Composite." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 4 (October 14, 2022): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0038.

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Abstract Twin-screw extrusion is a crucial method for the direct inserting of carbon micro- and nanomaterials into a polymer matrix using a dry procedure. The study aimed to determine the influence of the parameters of the twin-screw extruder plasticizing system on the dispersion homogeneity and distribution of graphite filler in the polylactide polymer matrix and overall quality of the composite. As a filler, a graphite micropowder with a 5 μm lateral size of platelets was used at concentration of 1 wt.%. Three configurations of screws with different mixing intensity and various types segments were considered in the extrusion experiments. Morphology and chemical structure of the obtained composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Raman spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and melting flow rate measurements (MFR) were used to asses thermal and rheological properties of the composites. Samples of the polylactide/graphite composites were also subjected to mechanical tests. The results show that the selection of the mechanical parameters of twin-screw extruder plasticizing system plays a key role in the preparation of the homogeneous PLA/graphite composites. Incorrect selection of the screw geometry results in poor mixing quality and a significant deterioration of the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. Optimised mixing and extrusion parameters can be the starting point for the design of efficient twin-screw extruder plasticizing system for fabrication of PLA composites with carbon nanotube and graphene fillers.

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Falcone, Giovanni, Juan P. Real, Santiago D. Palma, Rita P. Aquino, Pasquale Del Gaudio, Emilia Garofalo, and Paola Russo. "Floating Ricobendazole Delivery Systems: A 3D Printing Method by Co-Extrusion of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031280.

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At present, the use of benzimidazole drugs in veterinary medicine is strongly limited by both pharmacokinetics and formulative issues. In this research, the possibility of applying an innovative semi-solid extrusion 3D printing process in a co-axial configuration was speculated, with the aim of producing a new gastro-retentive dosage form loaded with ricobendazole. To obtain the drug delivery system (DDS), the ionotropic gelation of alginate in combination with a divalent cation during the extrusion was exploited. Two feeds were optimized in accordance with the printing requirements and the drug chemical properties: the crosslinking ink, i.e., a water ethanol mixture containing CaCl2 at two different ratios 0.05 M and 0.1 M, hydroxyethyl cellulose 2% w/v, Tween 85 0.1% v/v and Ricobendazole 5% w/v; and alginate ink, i.e., a sodium alginate solution at 6% w/v. The characterization of the dried DDS obtained from the extrusion of gels containing different amounts of calcium chloride showed a limited effect on the ink extrudability of the crosslinking agent, which on the contrary strongly influenced the final properties of the DDS, with a difference in the polymeric matrix toughness and resulting effects on floating time and drug release.

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Mircheska, Marijana, Vera Stojanovska, Enis Redzep, and Lidija Popovska. "Evaluation of Apical Extrusion during Conventional Retreatment with Three Endodontic Systems." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2020-0023.

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SummaryBackground/Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the apical extrusion during endodontic retreatment using three different endodontic systems.Material and Methods: 120 extracted human teeth were ex vivo endodontically treated and retreatment was performed using three different endodontic systems. Samples were divided into 3 groups, A-retreatment with Hedstroem hand files, B-retreatment with Pro Taper Retreatment files and C-retreatment with Pro Taper Gold files. Apically extruded material was collected in pre-measured Eppendorfs on a laboratory scale (10−5g). The amount of the extruded material was measured after the retreatment. The data were analysed using the the statistical software: STATISTICA 7.1 and SPSS for Windows 20.Results: The statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between the three endodontic retreatment systems (P< 0.05). Apical extrusion in the A endodontic system is significantly greater than the rotary (B and C) endodontic systems.Conclusions: In ex vivo conditions the results of this study showed significant statistical difference between three investigated endodontic retreatment systems concerning the amount of apically exuded material. The largest amount of material suppressed periapically was proven for Hedstroem hand instruments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Extrusion systems'

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