Academic literature on the topic 'Extreme research fields'
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Journal articles on the topic "Extreme research fields"
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Otte, Tanya L., Christopher G. Nolte, Martin J. Otte, and Jared H. Bowden. "Does Nudging Squelch the Extremes in Regional Climate Modeling?" Journal of Climate 25, no. 20 (May 9, 2012): 7046–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00048.1.
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Abstract An important question in regional climate downscaling is whether to constrain (nudge) the interior of the limited-area domain toward the larger-scale driving fields. Prior research has demonstrated that interior nudging can increase the skill of regional climate predictions originating from historical data. However, there is concern that nudging may also inhibit the regional model’s ability to properly develop and simulate mesoscale features, which may reduce the value added from downscaling by altering the representation of local climate extremes. Extreme climate events can result in large economic losses and human casualties, and regional climate downscaling is one method for projecting how climate change scenarios will affect extreme events locally. In this study, the effects of interior nudging are explored on the downscaled simulation of temperature and precipitation extremes. Multidecadal, continuous Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations of the contiguous United States are performed using coarse reanalysis fields as proxies for global climate model fields. The results demonstrate that applying interior nudging improves the accuracy of simulated monthly means, variability, and extremes over the multidecadal period. The results in this case indicate that interior nudging does not inappropriately squelch the prediction of temperature and precipitation extremes and is essential for simulating extreme events that are faithful in space and time to the driving large-scale fields.
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Han, Yu. "Semi-Parametric Statistical Model for Extreme Value Statistical Models and Application in Automatic Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.455.
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The frequency that extreme events appear in the life is low,but once it appears,the impact will be significant; many scholars have conducted in depth research and found that statistical theory of extreme value. The theory of extreme statistics plays a more and more important role in many fields such as automatic control, assembly line etc. This paper,makes an in-depth research towards the characteristics and parameter estimation of the extreme value statistical models,as well as the application,mainly analyzes the Bayes parameter estimation method of extreme value distribution,the extreme value distribution theory and Copula function random vector model.
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Varshney, Rajeev. "Integrated Physiology Extreme Environment." Defence Life Science Journal 9, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.9.19711.
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A successful military operation not only necessitates cutting-edge, contemporary weapon systems but also, fittest men behind these machines. These men, desirably with the highest order of physiological and psychological well-being to operate in the harshest of battle fields shape the battle field dynamics through grit and valour. Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS, DRDO), a Delhi based DRDO laboratory, has been contributing towards the operational readiness of Indian troops in varied environmental conditions through physiological, biomedical and ergonomic approaches. The translational research in DIPAS has been contributing towards safe induction of troops to high altitude and desert environments, sustenance in extreme environmental conditions and improving soldier performance in demanding operational conditions.
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Dulière, Valérie, Yongxin Zhang, and Eric P. Salathé. "Extreme Precipitation and Temperature over the U.S. Pacific Northwest: A Comparison between Observations, Reanalysis Data, and Regional Models*." Journal of Climate 24, no. 7 (April 1, 2011): 1950–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3224.1.
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Abstract Extreme precipitation and temperature indices in reanalysis data and regional climate models are compared to station observations. The regional models represent most indices of extreme temperature well. For extreme precipitation, finer grid spacing considerably improves the match to observations. Three regional models, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) at 12- and 36-km grid spacing and the Hadley Centre Regional Model (HadRM) at 25-km grid spacing, are forced with global reanalysis fields over the U.S. Pacific Northwest during 2003–07. The reanalysis data represent the timing of rain-bearing storms over the Pacific Northwest well; however, the reanalysis has the worst performance at simulating both extreme precipitation indices and extreme temperature indices when compared to the WRF and HadRM simulations. These results suggest that the reanalysis data and, by extension, global climate model simulations are not sufficient for examining local extreme precipitations and temperatures owing to their coarse resolutions. Nevertheless, the large-scale forcing is adequately represented by the reanalysis so that regional models may simulate the terrain interactions and mesoscale processes that generate the observed local extremes and frequencies of extreme temperature and precipitation.
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Hartono, Inggrit Aulya, Fitroh Aysyatun Hasanah, Amalia Azizah Zain, Firdha Kusuma Ayu Anggraeni, Yushardi Yushardi, and Audri Mely Prabandari. "EXTREME LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD RADIATION: EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF KETAN TAPE INTENSITY 500 µT." EduFisika: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 8, no. 3 (December 13, 2023): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59052/edufisika.v8i3.30210.
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The electromagnetic wave spectrum includes extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, which have a frequency below 300 Hz and are considered non-radiation radiation. This research examines the effect of ELF magnetic fields on the physical condition of white sticky rice tape food, a traditional fermented food in Indonesia. The research is an experimental study that evaluates the physical condition of food ingredients. The research divides the materials into two groups: the control group, which is not exposed to magnetic fields, and the experimental group, which is exposed to magnetic fields with an intensity of 500 µT. The research uses 20 packs of each ingredient, with 10 packs in each group and 100 gr in each pack. The research tests four modules: login page, teacher’s profile update, image upload, and question creation. The research finds that exposure to an ELF magnetic field affects the aroma and texture of food ingredients. Exposure to ELF magnetic fields can speed up the growth of microorganisms. The research observes that the white sticky rice tape in the experimental group has a softer texture than the control group.
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Nina, Aleksandra, Vladimir Srećković, and Milan Radovanović. "Multidisciplinarity in Research of Extreme Solar Energy Influences on Natural Disasters." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11040974.
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The atmosphere is a very sensitive medium to extraterrestrial forces, most importantly, solar electromagnetic radiation and energetic particle intrusion. This released intense solar activity can cause sudden disturbances in the Earth’s atmosphere and further create ground telecommunication interferences, blackouts, transportation problems, water supply problems, potential health effects, as well as natural disasters, such as forest fires. These extreme events can cause billions of dollars of damage and impact individuals, families, communities, and societies. For this reason, it is of crucial importance to investigate the connections between this extreme activity and natural disasters, and further develop ways to prevent, prepare against, and respond to them. The aim of this special issue is to engage a wide community of scientists to de-fragment broaden and improve our knowledge in this field. We invite researchers from all relevant fields to publish their recent investigations in this special issue.
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Taleyarkhan, Rusi P. "Monitoring Neutron Radiation in Extreme Gamma/X-Ray Radiation Fields." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030640.
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The monitoring of neutron radiation in extreme high ≈1014 (#/cm2-s) neutron/photon fields and at extremely-low (≈10−3 #/cm2-s) levels poses daunting challenges—important in fields spanning nuclear energy, special nuclear material processing/security, nuclear medicine (e.g., photon-based cancer therapy), and high energy (e.g., dark-matter) research. Variably proportioned (neutron, gammas, X-ray) radiation, spanning 10−2–109 eV in energy, is omnipresent from ultra-low (Bq) activity levels (e.g., cosmic rays/ bananas), to extreme high (>1020 Bq) levels. E.g., in nuclear reactor cores; in spent nuclear fuel bearing nuclear-explosive-relevant safeguard-sensitive isotopes, such as Pu-239; and in cancer therapy accelerators. The corresponding high to low radiation dose range spans a daunting 1016:1 spread—alongside ancillary challenges such as high temperatures, pressure, and humidity. Commonly used neutron sensors get readily saturated even in modest (<1 R/h) photon fields; importantly, they are unable to decipher trace neutron radiation relative to 1014 times greater gamma radiation. This paper focuses on sensing ultra-low to high neutron radiation in extremely high photon (gamma-X ray) backgrounds. It summarizes the state-of-art compared to the novel tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) sensor technology, which offers physics-based 100% gamma-blind, high (60–95%) intrinsic efficiency for neutron-alpha-fission detection, even under extreme (≈103 R/h) gamma radiation.
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Kumar, Pavan, Rajesh Katare, and S. B. L. Tripathi. "Tallon's Equation and Its Parameters in Extreme Superconducting Alkali-Halides." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n10.014.
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In this research paper we have thoroughly investigated that Tallon's Equation and Its Parameters in Extreme Superconducting Alkali-Halides. Superconductivity, a quantum phenomenon characterized by the complete loss of electrical resistance, continues to captivate researchers due to its potential for transformative technological applications. In pursuit of a deeper understanding of superconducting materials, this research explores Tallon's Equation, a critical tool for predicting superconducting properties. Specifically, we investigate the applicability of Tallon's Equation to extreme conditions, particularly high temperatures and pressures, in alkali-halide compounds. This study combines theoretical modeling and experimental validation to assess the accuracy of Tallon's Equation in predicting key parameters of superconducting alkali-halides under extreme environments. We scrutinize alterations in transition temperature, critical magnetic fields, and other pivotal parameters as materials are subjected to high temperature and pressure regimes. Furthermore, this research extends beyond theoretical considerations to practical implications. It explores the potential of Tallon's Equation in guiding the design and development of novel superconducting materials optimized for high-pressure applications. The findings from this study hold promise for advancing our understanding of superconductivity and harnessing it for innovative technologies in fields such as energy transmission, magnetic resonance imaging, and beyond.
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Zampato, L., G. Umgiesser, and S. Zecchetto. "Storm surge in the Adriatic Sea: observational and numerical diagnosis of an extreme event." Advances in Geosciences 7 (September 19, 2006): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-7-371-2006.
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Abstract. Storm surge events occur in the Adriatic Sea, in particular during autumn and winter, often producing flooding in Venice. Sea levels are forecasted by numerical models, which require wind and pressure fields as input. Their performances depend crucially on the quality of those fields. The storm surge event on 16 November 2002 is analysed and simulated through a finite element hydrodynamic model of the Mediterranean Sea. Several runs were carried out, imposing different atmospheric forcings: wind fields from ECMWF analysis, high resolution winds from the limited area model LAMI and satellite observed winds from QuikSCAT (NASA). The performance of the hydrodynamic model in each case has been quantified. ECMWF fields are effective in reproducing the sea level in the northern Adriatic Sea, if the wind speed is enhanced by a suitable multiplying factor. High resolution winds from LAMI give promising results, permitting an accurate simulation of the sea level maxima. QuikSCAT satellite wind fields produce also encouraging results which claim, however, for further research.
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Rea, Nanda. "Magnetars: neutron stars with huge magnetic storms." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S291 (August 2012): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312023058.
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AbstractAmong the many different classes of stellar objects, neutron stars provide a unique environment where we can test (at the same time) our understanding of matter with extreme density, temperature, and magnetic field. In particular, the properties of matter under the influence of magnetic fields and the role of electromagnetism in physical processes are key areas of research in physics. However, despite decades of research, our limited knowledge on the physics of strong magnetic fields is clear: we only need to note that the strongest steady magnetic field achieved in terrestrial labs is some millions of Gauss, only thousands of times stronger than a common refrigerator magnet. In this general context, I will review here the state of the art of our research on the most magnetic objects in the Universe, a small sample of neutron stars called magnetars. The study of the large high-energy emission, and the flares from these strongly magnetized (~ 1015 Gauss) neutron stars is providing crucial information about the physics involved at these extremes conditions, and favoring us with many unexpected surprises.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extreme research fields"
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Albertson, Gregory David. "PulA, a thermostable pullulanase from an extreme thermophile Caldocellum saccharolyticum." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2436.
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The pullulanase gene from Caldocellum saccharolyticum, an obligate thermophilic anaerobe, was sequenced and expressed in E. coli. Expression and substrate induction studies in E. coli showed that while gene expression was substrate inducible and the enzyme was exported into the growth medium in C. saccharolyticum, expression was non-inducible in E. coli and the enzyme remained in the cytoplasm. The nucleotide sequence of the pulA gene was shown to be 2478 basepairs (bp) in length, coding for a protein of 96 kDa. The proposed promoter sequences showed homology to both the standard E. coli sequences and the consensus sequences obtained from other C. saccharolyticum genes. The enzyme from the native organism was purified from the growth medium and shown to have a molecular mass of approximately 120 kDa. Periodic acid-Schiffs staining showed that this enzyme was glycosylated and substrate characterisation revealed that the enzyme debranched pullulan to produce only maltotriose, but hydrolysed amylopectin, amylose and β-limit dextran to produce a number of smaller oligosaccharides. The enzyme was expressed in E. coli from its own promoters and was purified from the cytoplasmic fraction. Substrate characterisation revealed that the enzyme debranched pullulan to produce only maltotriose, but had only limited activity on β-limit dextran and amylopectin, and no activity on amylose. The pullulanase gene was also expressed under the control of a heat-inducible overexpression system in E. coli and a copper-inducible expression system in yeast. Amino acid homology comparisons of the pullulanase to other pullulanase sequences and related enzymes revealed a high degree of homology, particularly around three highly conserved regions. In α-amylases amino acids in these regions are involved in catalytic activity, substrate binding and metal ion binding.
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Péronne, Sarah. "Consommation expérientielle contre-hédonique : conceptualisation des mécanismes sous-jacents et proposition d’une typologie de consommateurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ANGE0030.
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De nombreux consommateurs s'engagent volontairement dans des expériences douloureuses, communément qualifiées de contre-hédoniques. Cette thèse vise à comprendre les mécanismes qui expliquent et structurent ces expériences, ainsi que les caractéristiques des consommateurs qui y participent. La présente étude adopte une posture d'induction cadrée, permettant d'explorer le terrain avec un cadre théorique et des questions de recherche tout en laissant place à la sérendipité. Une ethnographie multi-cas a été réalisée sur quatre expériences : une course dans la boue, une retraite silencieuse, un séjour de bains glacés et une expérience horrifique. Grâce à une analyse comparative inter-cas, les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces expériences ont été conceptualisés. Les résultats montrent que le succès d'une expérience contre hédonique dépend des stratégies d'adaptation adoptées par les individus pour maintenir un équilibre sensoriel (douleur stimulante sans être intolérable) et ressentir une co-activation d’émotions négatives et positives. Cet équilibre entre les aspects pénibles et plaisants attire les consommateurs et caractérise la consommation expérientielle contre-hédonique. La dimension positive existante incite à reconsidérer le terme contre-hédonique en faveur de bittersweet. Enfin, une typologie de six profils de consommateurs est proposée, mettant en lumière des différences individuelles telles que le niveau de stimulation optimal, les motivations personnelles et la perception de la douleur. La recherche présente des contributions théoriques, des préconisations managériales et une réflexion méthodologique notamment sur la conduite d'une ethnographie en contextes extrêmesMany consumers voluntarily engage in painful experiences, commonly referred to as counter-hedonic. This thesis aims to understand the mechanisms that explain and structure these experiences, as well as the characteristics of the consumers who take part in them. The present study adopts a framed induction posture, allowing the field to be explored with a theoretical framework and research questions while leaving room for serendipity. A multi-case ethnography was carried out on four experiences: a mud run, a silent retreat, an ice bath sojourn and a horrific experience. Using inter-case comparative analysis, the mechanisms underlying these experiences were conceptualized. The results show that the success of a counter hedonic experience depends on the coping strategies adopted by individuals to maintain a sensory balance (stimulating pain without being intolerable) and experience a co-activation of negative and positive emotions. This balance between unpleasant and pleasant aspects attracts consumers and characterizes counter-hedonic experiential consumption. The existing positive dimension prompts us to reconsider the term counter-hedonic in favor of bittersweet. Finally, a typology of six consumer profiles is proposed, highlighting individual differences such as optimal stimulation level, personal motivations and perception of pain. The research presents theoretical contributions, managerial recommendations and methodological reflections, notably on the conduct of ethnography in extreme contexts
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Adamson, Carole. "Complexity and context : staff support systems in mental health after critical incidents and traumatic events : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Work, School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1573.
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This thesis presents an ecological exploration of the experiences of mental health workers faced with critical incidents and traumatic events in the course of their work. A qualitative study, it takes the experiences of twenty workers from a range of disciplines and environments, and examines their preparation for exposure to extreme stress, their passage through the incidents that they chose to relate, and the organisational response to the events. The central research question explores the knowledge bases currently utilised within trauma and critical incident response, and the degree to which these provide adequate explanatory, practice and evaluation models for responses to workplace incidents. It is examined through the narratives of the mental health workers, who self-define and explore the nature of their preparation for, and experience of, critical incidents and traumatic events in their workplace. The question is contextualised through a review of the knowledge bases of trauma and extreme stress, and of the mental health environment in which the workers practice. A case study of the workplace support known as debriefing illustrates the tensions between current knowledge bases in the area. Informed by this, the key issues of what did or did not work for the participants are explored. The thesis argues that the paradigm shift signalled by the latest developments within conceptualisations of trauma is not yet complete, and that the ensuing tensions have created debate and confusion in the creation of adequate responses to workplace incidents. Whilst conceptualisations that attempt to address issues of complexity and context are evolving, it is argued that an ecological framework has the potential to both explain and respond to incidents that occur within the mental health environment. The findings of the research raise issues of complexity in the design and implementation of appropriate support systems, and lend a perspective to the critique of debriefing that has been missing from existing debates. Key principles for the development of safe and sound support systems, and their evaluation, are developed.
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Ma, Shao-jing, and 馬紹競. "A Strategic Research on Effects and Improvement Measures of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Households and Workplaces." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78581695332320427701.
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碩士逢甲大學
土木工程所
98
In 1979, Wertheimer and Leeper proposed exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may cause an adverse effect on human health. After 30 years, public concern for exposure to EMFs and their effect on human health still exists. However, EMF researches have centered more on the issues of public health and electrical engineering. Its importance in the field of property management has been recognized just recently; therefore, researches on blockage of EMFs by building materials and diagnosis of property environment are still relatively fewer. As a result, this research conducts experiments of EMF measurement. The experiment plan is divided into 3 parts based on individual characteristics of different conditions: (1) EMFs emitted by appliances and equipments commonly seen in households and workplaces are measured to understand how the strength of EMFs reduce with distance; (2) EMFs blocked by building materials are measured to find out the extent of EMFs being blocked by building materials of households and workplaces; (3) improvement measures are applied to a selected teaching and research space of one school which shows a more centralized and regular pattern of electricity consumption. EMFs are measured after implementation of improvement measures to show how much the environment of this case is improved.The EMF measurement conducted by this research shows that the strength of EMFs emitted by commonly-seen appliances and equipments falls rapidly with distance. For example, the strength of EMFs emitted by an induction cooker is reduced for 94% when the distance increases from 10 cm to 50 cm. Twenty-five common appliances and equipments are also tested. The result can be used as a reference for the use or avoidance of an appliance in households and workplaces. Asto the blockage effect of building materials, 6 types of metal materials and 8 types of non-metal materials are tested for their effects on blocking EMFs. It is found that silicon steel is the most effective while grid wire mesh is the least effective. This result can be used as reference when choosing a building material to block EMFs in households and workplaces. The measurement of improvement in the teaching and research space shows that EMF strength in this space is related to the timing and the pattern of electricity consumption. Although an improvement plan of building a 1/2B wall and using silicon steel is proposed, the improvement work must be carried out in two phases due to the budget limitation. In the first phase, the effectiveness of replacing one French window with the 1/2B wall is not significant. Further improvement still needs to be made by installation of silicon steel in the second phase. The result of the said measurement experiment can be served as a reference for architects to draw up a plan to block EMFs when designing a healthy environment;for construction companies to select building materials during renovation; and for property management companies to diagnose and maintain the healthiness of one environment so that a healthy working and living environment can be created.
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Wahab, Mohammed Abdul. "Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human chromosomes : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Genetics at the Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1582.
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Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been associated with increased incidences of cancer as suggested by epidemiological studies. The in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) technique, radiation-induced micronucleus assay (MN assay), COMET assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used in the present study to test the carcinogenic potentiality of extremely low frequency (ELF) EMFs on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. All experiments were performed single blind and used lymphocytes taken from 6 age-matched donors. The SCE experiments were conducted twice: round 1 (R1) and round 2 (R2), in order to determine whether or not the results obtained could be duplicated. Detailed analysis of the SCE results showed that there was a significant increase in the number of SCEs/cell in the grouped experimental conditions compared to the controls in both rounds. Similarly, in the MN assay, a significant increase of mean number of micronucleated CB cells/100 CB cells (Ma) and mean number of micronuclei/100 CB cells (Mb) was observed in the grouped experimental conditions compared to the controls. Moreover, the highest SCE frequency in R1 was 10.03 for a square continuous field, and the SCE frequency of 10.39 for a square continuous field in R2 (albeit a different strength) was the second highest in this latter round. But in the MN assay a square pulsed field with increasing EMF strength showed the greatest effect on the DNA repair system. The COMET assay also showed that both a l m T square field (continuous or pulsed) resulted in significant fragmentation of the DNA. On the other hand, a FISH analysis failed to show any translocations. In the field of EMF research, perhaps the most outstanding question that remains to be answered with certainty is how weak EMFs exert their effects at the molecular level. Various mechanisms are reviewed and evaluated in this thesis. From the results of the research performed in the current study which concentrated on testing and discovering genetic effects, a model is postulated that weak EMFs stimulate the production of free radicals which result in genetic damage. Further extensive research should be conducted to test this hypothesis.
Books on the topic "Extreme research fields"
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Marcetti, Corrado, Giancarlo Paba, Anna Lisa Pecoriello, and Nicola Solimano, eds. Housing Frontline. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-082-2.
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Over recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the various possible forms of poverty and housing vulnerability: from the total lack of shelter of the homeless to the risk of losing their home that now threatens numerous families in medium-low income brackets. At the same time, the traditional linear and standardised housing policies appear no longer adequate to address these phenomena. This book contains the results of a study entrusted by the Tuscan Regional Authority to a working group from the University of Florence and the Fondazione Giovanni Michelucci. The research explores the field of practices for self-production of housing in Italy and the world, through a critical selection of significant experiences, revealing the architectural and social creativity exploited in a large variety of collective actions. The book also contains a reconstruction of housing problems in Tuscany and an overview of alternative approaches to housing policy. The last section is devoted to the research-action on the occupation of the Luzzi, the abandoned sanatorium on the border between Florence and Sesto Fiorentino, a case that illustrates the most significant contradictions and dilemmas gravitating around the housing issue for the new poor: the problem of homeless immigrants; the difficulty of the authorities in managing problems of extreme housing poverty; the role of the associations and organisations of social mediation, and the inherent complexity of achieving a participatory approach to social and town planning research.
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Zhukova, Galina, and Margarita Rushaylo. Mathematical analysis in examples and tasks. Part 2. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1072162.
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The purpose of the textbook is to help students to master basic concepts and research methods used in mathematical analysis. In part 2 of the proposed cycle of workshops on the following topics: analytic geometry in space; differential calculus of functions of several variables; local, conditional, global extrema of functions of several variables; multiple, curvilinear and surface integrals; elements of field theory; numerical, power series, Fourier series; applications to the analysis and solution of applied problems. These topics are studied in universities, usually in the second semester in the discipline "Mathematical analysis" or the course "Higher mathematics", "Mathematics".
For the development of each topic the necessary theoretical and background material, reviewed a large number of examples with detailed analysis and solutions, the options for independent work. For self-training and quality control of the acquired knowledge in each section designed exercises and tasks with answers and guidance.
It is recommended that teachers, students and graduate students studying advanced mathematics.
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Miller, J. Mitchell, and Richard Tewksbury. Extreme Methods: Innovative Approaches to Social Science Research. Allyn & Bacon, 2000.
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Casarett, David. Ethical issues in palliative care research. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0196.
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Recent growth in palliative care research has created a heterogeneous field that encompasses both qualitative and quantitative techniques, and descriptive as well as interventional study designs. Despite the valuable knowledge that has been produced by this research, and the promise of future important advances, its progress has been impeded by a persistent uncertainty about the ethics of these studies. For instance, there have been concerns raised about whether patients near the end of life should ever be asked to participate in research, although others have objected to this extreme position. Nevertheless, the combination of ethical and practical issues can create substantial barriers to palliative care research. This chapter discusses five ethical aspects of palliative care research that investigators and clinicians should consider in designing and conducting palliative care research. These include (1) the study’s potential benefits to future patients, (2) the study’s potential benefits to subjects, (3) the study’s risks to subjects, (4) subjects’ decision-making capacity, and (5) the voluntariness of subjects’ choices about research participation.
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Volpi, Elena, Elena Cristiano, Marco Peli, Martina Siena, and Giulia Zuecco, eds. Innovations, Advances and Future Challenges for the Hydrological Community. IWA Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789064902.
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Abstract In the last decades, the hydrology and water management sectors have been dealing with global changes, proposing several innovative solutions. Climate changes are leading to an increase in long hot and dry periods, alternating with short and intense rainfall events. Urban areas are particularly vulnerable to these changes: rapid population growth and intense anthropic activity enhance the risk of extreme hydrological events. Several solutions have been proposed in the last years to monitor, prevent, forecast and mitigate rainfall extremes and their effects in natural and urban environments. Some questions, however, remain unsolved and new issues are challenging the hydrological community. The inter- and multi-disciplinary aims and topics discussed in the chapters of this book are organised into the following three main topics: (1) climate change and geo-hydrological risk, (2) tools and techniques for improving the comprehension of catchment hydrology and river hydraulics, and (3) sustainable use of water resources. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.
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Nixon, Anthony, and Sean Prendiville, eds. Surveys in Combinatorics 2022. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009093927.
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This volume contains eight survey articles by the invited speakers of the 29th British Combinatorial Conference, held at Lancaster University in July 2022. Each article provides an overview of recent developments in a current hot research topic in combinatorics. These topics span graphs and hypergraphs, Latin squares, linear programming, finite fields, extremal combinatorics, Ramsey theory, graph minors and tropical geometry. The authors are among the world's foremost researchers on their respective topics but their surveys are aimed at nonspecialist readers: they are written clearly with little prior knowledge assumed and with pointers to the wider literature. Taken together these surveys give a snapshot of the research frontier in contemporary combinatorics, making the latest developments accessible to researchers and graduate students in mathematics and theoretical computer science with an interest in combinatorics and helping them to keep abreast of the field.
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Dworok, Gerrit, and Thomas Exner, eds. Komplexität und Wahrheit. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845291345.
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The increasing complexity of modern societies has not only fostered pluralism but also warped methods of interpretation. In the field of academic research, the question of whether the pursuit of knowledge can overcome ideologies, populism, one-sided concepts, economisation etc. is extremely pertinent. This metascientific study compiles contributions from philosophy, historiography, political science, economics, journalism and law, and reveals academic research to be a field where description, interpretation and bias converge and clash.
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Meler, Matt S., Conchita Franco Serri, and Richard A. Garcia. Notable Latino Americans. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400692185.
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U.S. Latinos have made important contributions to American society, and this biographical dictionary is devoted to celebrating those contributions. All 127 men and women profiled in this work have immigrated to or been born in the United States and have made major contributions to American life and culture. Cuban Americans, Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, and others of Spanish, South American, Central American and Caribbean heritage—more than one-third of them women—represent 35 fields of endeavor and all 50 states. From historical figures to the newest sports champion, figure-skater Rudy Galindo, this work provides profiles of both prominent and important but less-familiar people who have made significant contributions in their fields. Many of those profiled can be found in no other biographical source. A selection of photos complements the text. All biographies have been written by experts in their ethnic fields. Those profiled range widely from distinguished scientists to sports stars, from actors to activists, from businesswomen to political personalities, from literary luminaries to labor organizers. All are potential role models for young men and women, and many have overcome extreme odds to succeed. These colorfully written, substantive biographies detail their subjects' goals, struggles, and commitments to success and to their ethnic communities. Among the 127 people profiled are: Nobel Prize-winning scientist Luis Alvarez; Treasurer of the United States Romana Acosta Bañuelos; actor/composer/activist Rubén Blades; classical dancer Fernando Bujones; baseball player José Canseco; U.S. Secretary of Education Lauro Cavazos Jr.; writer Sandra Cisneros; fashion designer Oscar de la Renta; U.S. Congressman Lincoln DÍaz-Balart; teacher Jaime Escalante; composer/singer Gloria Estefan; tennis players Gigi Fernández and Mary Joe Fernández ; playwright Mara Fornés; U.S. Men's 1996 Figure Skating Champion Rudy Galindo; physician/political activist Héctor GarcÍa; Coca-Cola CEO Roberto Goizueta; labor leader Dolores Huerta; U.S. Ambassador MarÍa-Luci Jaramillo; artist Marisol; civil-rights activist Vilma Socorro MartÍnez; businessman/politician Jorge Mas Canosa; federal judge Harold Medina; graphic artist Nicholasa Mohr; U.S. Surgeon General Antonia Novello; astronaut Ellen Ochoa; Nobel Prize-winning biochemist Severo Ochoa; TV personality Geraldo Rivera; U.S. Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen; educational psychologist George I. Sánchez; newspaper editor Roberto Suárez; women's rights activist/businesswoman MarÍa Elena Toraño-PantÍn; New York State Supreme Court Judge Edwin Torres; mystic Teresa Urrea; film producer/director Luis Valdez. For ease of use, the heading of each profile identifies ethnic group, field of endeavor, birthdate and, where appropriate, death date. Each profile concludes with a suggested reading list of books and periodical articles about the subject. An ethnic index, field of endeavor index, and a general index make research easy. This much needed reference work is essential for school and public libraries.
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Adkins, Daniel E., Kelli M. Rasmussen, and Anna R. Docherty. Social Epigenetics of Human Behavior. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.40.
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It is well established that extreme social adversity can lead to negative health outcomes decades after the resolution of the precipitating environmental insult. Although the underlying mechanisms through which such adversity gets “under the skin” to become biologically embedded have long been considered a black box, recent research has indicated an important mediating role for epigenetic mechanisms—molecular modifications that regulate gene activity without changing the DNA sequence. With technical and scientific developments now enabling genome-wide epigenetic studies in humans, behavioral researchers have an unprecedented opportunity to empirically map the ways in which social dynamics become epigenetically embedded, influencing downstream gene expression, health, and behavior. This chapter examines the current state of social epigenetics research and discusses the opportunities and challenges facing this emerging field.
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O'Cathain, Alicia. A Practical Guide to Using Qualitative Research with Randomized Controlled Trials. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198802082.001.0001.
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A Practical Guide to Using Qualitative Research with Randomized Controlled Trials focuses on qualitative research, emphasizing subjectivity, flexibility, open data collection, depth, and context, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), emphasizing objectivity, standardization, measurement, and a key goal of bias reduction. The differences between the two methodologies make their combination an interesting ‘extreme case’ of mixed methods research. The book is about how to use qualitative research when preparing for, undertaking, or implementing the results of an RCT. The focus is on a range of designs, including pilot and pragmatic RCTs. The book focuses on health research because the majority of RCTs are undertaken in this field. It is written for researchers who are undertaking or planning to undertake qualitative research with RCTs. The book may also be useful to researchers leading RCTs and graduate students. It does not explain how to do qualitative research or how to do RCTs. The book focuses on how to undertake qualitative research in the specific context of RCTs. The book is divided into three parts. Part 2 offers the practical guidance promised within the title of the book. Each chapter focuses on key steps when undertaking qualitative research in the context of RCTs: writing a proposal, selecting research questions, collecting data, analysing data, integrating qualitative and quantitative components, and publishing. Part 1 sets the scene for the practical aspects. Part 3 focuses on the human beings we work closely with during research and offers practical advice to ensure these interactions are positive and fruitful.
Book chapters on the topic "Extreme research fields"
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Sharma, Ashish, and Fiona M. Johnson. "Latest Advances and Challenges in Extreme Flood 3D Simulation." In Arts, Research, Innovation and Society, 25–36. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56114-6_3.
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AbstractThis chapter canvasses the latest developments in the modelling and communication of environmental extremes, with a focus on floods. Three scenarios are explored. The first refers to real-time prediction, including the current modelling basis that is adopted, and the visualisation/communication strategies in place. The second refers to an environmental extreme event that is conditional to a failure scenario, as is the case when an existing infrastructure (i.e. levee or spillway in an extreme flood) fails. The third, more complex scenario is the occurrence of a compound or joint extreme, possibly in the future, where extreme storms will intensify. A compound extreme here could represent a flood event that follows from an incident of rare storm conditions on a fire-damaged landscape. While the modelling challenges are significant, visualisation is even more challenging, as the scenario occurs under a hypothetical future. Demonstrating how coupled models can support the anticipation of extreme event scenarios, the chapter considers implications for risk assessment and communication that can support future preparedness and resilience. Surveying knowledge gaps that still need to be bridged, the authors formulate a list of key requirements in the fields of data availability, processing and representation.
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Guined, Jamie. "NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO): Fields of Life Support Research." In Handbook of Life Support Systems for Spacecraft and Extraterrestrial Habitats, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09575-2_165-1.
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Weigand, Bernhard, Kathrin Schulte, Andreas Dreizler, Claus-Dieter Munz, and Cameron Tropea. "Collaborative Research on Droplet Dynamics Under Extreme Ambient Conditions." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_1.
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AbstractA fundamental understanding of droplet dynamics is important for the prediction and optimization of technical systems involving drops and sprays. The Collaborative Research Center (CRC) SFB-TRR 75 was established in January 2010 to focus on the dynamics of basic drop processes, and in particular on processes involving extreme ambient conditions, for example near thermodynamic critical conditions, at very low temperatures, under the influence of strong electric fields, or in situations involving extreme gradients of the boundary conditions. The goal of the CRC was to gain a profound physical understanding of the essential processes, which is the basis for new analytical and numerical descriptions as well as for improved predictive capabilities. This joint initiative involved scientists at the University of Stuttgart, the TU Darmstadt, the TU Berlin, and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Lampoldshausen. This first chapter provides a brief overview of the overall structure of this CRC as well as a summary of some selected scientific achievements of the subprojects involved. For further details the reader is referred to the subsequent chapters of this book related to the individual subprojects.
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Grehan, Helena, Belinda Smaill, and Michael J. Ostwald. "Creatively Reimagining Place and Community in a World of Extreme Weather." In Arts, Research, Innovation and Society, 183–97. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56114-6_14.
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AbstractThis chapter explores connections between place, community and narrative in the context of a world beset by extreme weather events. Drawing on insights and readings from three disciplines—theatre studies, screen studies and architecture—the chapter constructs a rich picture of the ways these fields contribute to definitions of place and can potentially enhance disaster preparedness and recovery activities. Edward S. Casey’s theories of place and community provide a connecting thread throughout the chapter, along with his ideas about selfhood, “implacement” and the environment as a source of danger. As both an example of a work that begins to address these themes and a catalyst for discussion, the chapter examines the television series Fires (Ayres et al., Fires [TV Series]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2021), which dramatises the 2019–2020 Black Summer fire season in Australia. Starting with a broad view of the context depicted in this series, the focus then shifts to individual experience and finally emotional responses. The chapter concludes by considering future research opportunities through which the disciplines of theatre studies, screen studies and architecture can leverage applications of advanced technology to contribute to disaster preparedness, responsiveness and recovery.
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Bouwmeester, Onno. "Introduction of Jokes-Based Research Methods." In SpringerBriefs in Ethics, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10201-1_1.
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AbstractEthics scholars know about ethical transgressions in business mainly from journalists. Journalists report extreme transgressions leading to scandals, court cases and social or environmental disasters. The more moderate examples of unethical business behaviour are known by insiders, but less by outsiders. Business ethicists have rarely explored such more common transgressions empirically, and they lack own methods to do so. This chapter introduces four research methods that use business jokes on ethical transgressions. The chapter first explains how critical insider jokes can illustrate common unethical practices in business, second how they can stimulate conversation about them in open in-depth interviews, third how they can be used as statements to be rated in a survey and fourth how they can be used as a source for content analysis. This introductory chapter concludes with an outline of the entire book and its four methods, showing their contributions to research methods in business ethics. The book aims at scholars in business ethics and the social sciences including their Ph.D. and M.Sc. students. Second, the book may also be relevant to practitioners like consultants, managers and researchers who want to better explore business ethics cases in their specific fields.
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Kestane, Ali, and Gul Hatice Yildiz. "Sustainable Farming Practices on the Axis of Climate Change: the Example of Şekerbank." In Climate Change and Future of Agriculture, 205–19. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359449.13.
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Climate change affects the agricultural field directly or indirectly. By protecting the soil through sustainable agriculture, erosion can be reduced and water resources can be used effectively and efficiently. In this context, the need to support organic agriculture by protecting natural resources by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides emerges. In this study, it is aimed to examine the activities of Şekerbank, which is traded in the BIST Sustainability 25 Index, as of 2023, regarding the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices in the context of climate change. Şekerbank’s practices regarding sustainable agriculture activities were included in the sample of the research in order to make more accurate and consistent evaluations and to provide more reliable information to information users. In this research using descriptive content analysis method, data were obtained from Şekerbank’s official website. As a result of the study, Şekerbank; It has been determined that the Harvest Mobile application allows farmers to monitor their fields via satellite and monitor their fields during natural disasters and extreme meteorological events.
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Cinquepalmi, Federico, and Giuseppe Piras. "Earth Observation Technologies for Mitigating Urban Climate Changes." In The Urban Book Series, 589–600. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_53.
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AbstractSince 2010 United Nations declared that for the first time in history up to 50% of mankind is living in urban areas, implying that challenges connected with global changes need to be evaluated primarily within urban systems, using the most advanced available technologies. Earth observation is nowadays the most promising field of research assisting urban planners, city managers, and building designers in their work of improving urban resilience to cope with climate change effects, and the long-term changes connected with extreme climatic events. Even though the deep understanding of the functioning of urban systems is a key factor for improving the quality of life at all levels, urban development is still poorly monitored globally, and reliable and comparable satellite urban data across countries is still limited, slowing down international comparative research. The Copernicus UE programme, replacing the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme, recognizes the strategic importance of Earth observation for emergency management. Copernicus programme provides global, continuous, autonomous, high quality, wide-area Earth and Atmosphere observation. Copernicus links Space observations to ground-based and atmospheric data collection and processing, providing operational services in the fields of environment, ground infrastructures, civil protection, and security, supporting the implementation of a large number of sectorial and transversal public policies. Of the six thematic macro-areas of the present programme observation and ground monitoring of the European urban systems lies in the first thematic area of the land monitoring service. The enormous and continuous data generation from the Copernicus programme is allowing the construction of an accurate and up-to-date database to the state of health of our cities and surrounding environments, providing research materials simply inconceivable only a few decades ago.
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Moinuddin, Khalid, Carlos Tirado Cortes, Ahmad Hassan, Gilbert Accary, and Frank Wu. "Simulation of Extreme Fire Event Scenarios Using Fully Physical Models and Visualisation Systems." In Arts, Research, Innovation and Society, 49–63. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56114-6_5.
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AbstractAlthough extreme wildland fires used to be rare events, their frequency has been increasing, and they are now causing enormous destruction. Therefore, understanding such fire events is crucial for global ecological and human communities. Predicting extreme fire events is an imperative yet challenging task. As these destructive events cannot be investigated via experimental field studies, physical modelling can be an alternative. This chapter explores the capability of fully physical fire models to simulate these events and the potential of integrating these simulations with advanced visualisation systems supported by machine learning. By presenting case studies and future directions, we emphasise the potential and necessity of this integration for improved fire management and policy making.
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Das, Suddhasvatta, and Kevin Gary. "Agile Transformation at Scale: A Tertiary Study." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88583-0_1.
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AbstractDue to the fast-paced nature of the software industry and the success of small agile projects, researchers and practitioners are interested in scaling agile processes to larger projects. Agile software development (ASD) has been growing in popularity for over two decades. With the success of small-scale agile transformation, organizations started to focus on scaling agile. There is a scarcity of literature in this field making it harder to find plausible evidence to identify the science behind large scale agile transformation. The objective of this paper is to present a better understanding of the current state of research in the field of scaled agile transformation and explore research gaps. This tertiary study identifies seven relevant peer reviewed studies and reports research findings and future research avenues.
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Giannakos, Michail. "Reporting CCI and Learning Technology Research." In Experimental Studies in Learning Technology and Child–Computer Interaction, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14350-2_7.
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AbstractDesigning and conducting high quality research is extremely important in CCI and learning technology research. However, the same high-quality needs to be followed during the reporting of the work. At the end of the day, this what the reviewers and readers will credit – therefore, reporting is of equal importance. This chapter provides information on how you should structure your article and the information that is usually required. This chapter is intended to serve as a template for CCI and learning technology researchers. Moreover, I have summarized some recommendations based on my experience, as well as on published guidelines and recommendations from neighboring fields.
Conference papers on the topic "Extreme research fields"
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Bauke, Heiko, Meng Wen, and Christoph H. Keitel. "Electrons in strong electromagnetic fields: spin effects and radiation reaction (Conference Presentation)." In Research Using Extreme Light: Entering New Frontiers with Petawatt-Class Lasers, edited by Georg Korn and Luis O. Silva. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2270575.
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Sadik, Mohamed M., Jerry Shan, David Shreiber, and Hao Lin. "Extreme Elongation of Vesicles Under DC Electric Fields." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193243.
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Motive . The motivation of the current study is to investigate the response of vesicles to applied electric fields, with potential applications in electroporation-mediated molecular delivery [3]. In this technique, an applied field transiently permeabilizes the cell membrane to gain access to the cytoplasm, and deliver active agents such as genes, RNA, proteins into the cell. Although widely applied in classical and emerging areas such as drug delivery and stem cell research, current electroporation techniques suffer from low efficiency and high cell death [4]. The present work is a step towards understanding the complex fundamental processes involved in electroporation, and possibly improving it via parametric optimization. For this purpose we use vesicular cellular mimics as our model to provide good controllability, and to focus on the dynamics of the lipid membrane. Our preliminary results show extreme elongation of the vesicles under high-strength, short-duration DC pulses. Such deformation may significantly affect electroporation, and hence the efficiency of molecular delivery.
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Kostyukov, Igor, Evgeny N. Nerush, Alexander M. Samsonov, Anton Golovanov, and Dmirii Serebryakov. "Some processes in extremely strong EM fields: from atomic systems and laser-plasma interactions to astrophysical phenomena (Conference Presentation)." In Research Using Extreme Light: Entering New Frontiers with Petawatt-Class Lasers, edited by Sergei V. Bulanov, Georg Korn, and Luis O. Silva. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2525143.
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Marchenko, E. A., Ilmar Khamitullin, and O. S. Malygina. "Applying Modern Technologies of Reservoir Quality Prediction by Seismic Data for Complex Fields, "yumen Petroleum Research Center LLC (TNNC), Russian Federation." In SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149911-ms.
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Marchenko, E. A., Ilmar Khamitullin, and O. S. Malygina. "Applying Modern Technologies of Reservoir Quality Prediction by Seismic Data for Complex Fields, Tyumen Petroleum Research Center LLC (TNNC), Russian Federation (Russian)." In SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149911-ru.
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Mohammed, Mohammed F., Corning Corning, Robert Robert, and Lee Lee. "Research on Ducted Propeller and Rudder Interactions in Extreme Conditions." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-t22.
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This paper presents the results and analyses of a combined numerical-experimental study into the performance of three types of rudder to quantify the interactions between propeller, nozzle and rudder at extreme rudder angles. Conventional, flapped and triple rudders are studied numerically as well as experimentally to evaluate the drag, lift and moment generated by the rudders at moderate to extreme rudder angles and at forward propeller shaft speeds and inflow speeds. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the suitability of the three rudder types for a proposed cargo carrier in terms of controllability. The experiments were carried out at the self-propulsion condition of the model equipped with twin stock ducted propellers along with each of the rudder systems. An extensive numerical study was carried out to evaluate the performances of the three rudders in terms of flow velocity, pressure and wake fields. Drag, and lift for different angle of attacks are obtained for complicated propeller-nozzle-rudder arrangements. Investigations are carried out to study the effects of the interaction of the rudder with the propeller-nozzle assembly at extreme rudder angles at high as ±40°. For simplicity, the geometry of the vessel was not modelled in these simulations. The experimental results are presented along with the computational results for all three rudder cases. The lift and drag measurements are in good agreement with the corresponding predictions for each of the rudder arrangements. The mutual interactions between the rudder and the propulsion system were captured in the simulations and were comparable with the corresponding measurements. The research reveals the nature of the velocity and pressure fields due to the complex interaction between the propeller, nozzle and rudders at extreme rudder angles. It is expected that the current investigation will assist naval architects, at the early design stage, to select the rudder type for their ships such that suitable maneuvering characteristics are obtained and stringent IMO maneuvering criteria are met.
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Babanin, Alexander V., Takuji Waseda, Igor Shugan, and Hwung-Hweng Hwung. "Modulational Instability in Directional Wave Fields, and Extreme Wave Events." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49540.
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The paper is based on review of research articles by the authors, with the purpose to demonstrate that the modulational-instability mechanism is active in typical directional wave fields. If so, possible limits for the wave height due to such mechanism can be outlined. The modulational instability can lead to occurrence of very high waves, which either proceed to the breaking or appear as rogue events, but it was derived for and is usually associated with two-dimensional wave trains. There exists argument, both analytical and experimental, that this kind of instability is impaired or even suppressed in three-dimensional (directional) wave systems. The first part of the paper demonstrates indirect experimental evidences which relate the wave breaking in oceanic conditions to features of two-dimensional breaking waves due to modulational instability. The second section is dedicated to direct measurements of such instability-caused breaking in a directional wave tank with directional spread and mean steepness typical of those in the field. The last section provides conclusions on what is maximal height of an individual wave, depending on the mean wave steepness in a wave train/field, that can be achieved due to such non-linear evolution of wave trains.
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Zakharov, Igor, Pradeep Bobby, Sherry Warren, and Desmond Power. "Identification of Extreme Ice Features in the Canadian Arctic." In SNAME 11th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2014-102.
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Research on automatic detecting, tracking and characterizing extreme ice features in the Arctic is based on analyzing and processing satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images. Algorithms to identify ridges from very high-resolution optical data have an accuracy of 86.4% when compared to manual extraction and ridge height has been estimated from shadow. SAR signatures of various ice features have been analyzed and the results indicate that it is possible to identify rubble fields from other ice types.
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Singh, Rajneesh, and Ashish Bagai. "Considerations for Enabling Extreme Unmanned Aerial Systems Through Advanced Technologies." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16709.
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Interests in UAS with advanced capabilities, especially in the Groups 1-3 categories is discussed. Potential use cases and exemplary concepts of application are described that illustrate technology challenges that must be addressed to enable extreme UAS performance. Alternative normalized metrics derived from traditional payload, range, and speed are defined, and frameworks that present the state-of-the-art in UAS capabilities are presented. Aircraft cruise, powertrain, and mass fraction efficiencies are assessed to underscore the challenges in enabling radical improvements in performance. The objective is to stimulate ideas for focused basic and applied research in relevant fields to enable transformational improvements in UAS attributes.
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Cui, Junnan, Xingya Feng, and Qunbin Chen. "Generation of Extreme Waves With Partial Energy Focusing in Random Seas." In ASME 2024 43rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2024-127051.
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Abstract In recent years, extreme waves, which appear from nowhere with extremely large wave height in the ocean, have attracted extensive attention and research in academic and engineering fields. A simple linear model proposed by Tromans et al.–NewWave theory[2], has been widely used to explain the occurrence of extreme waves. The NewWave model requires that all frequency components in a random seastate focus at a specific time and location to generate a large wave group, which however is unlikely to happen naturally. In this work, we consider an otherwise more realistic condition where wave energies are only partially focused. Focused wave groups are generated by partial energy focusing using a JONSWAP wave spectrum and their characteristics are studied. The effects of different frequency components and bandwidths on the characteristics of wave groups are investigated. A high order spectral (HOS) model, which is validated by physical experiments, is utilized to simulate the propagation of partial focusing waves. Both second-order and fifth-order simulations are carried out to understand the influence of modulation instability. The nonlinear characteristics of partial focusing waves during its propagation are studied simultaneously. Overall, this work provides some new insights into the mechanism of formation of extreme waves.
Reports on the topic "Extreme research fields"
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Watts, Benjamin, and Danielle Kennedy. Additive regulated concrete for thermally extreme conditions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48510.
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This study details a multiprong effort to validate the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory’s solution for concrete construction and repair in cold weather, Additive Regulated Concrete for Thermally Extreme Conditions (ARCTEC). ARCTEC is the product of several years of research and consists of a testing and simulation workflow which generates scenario-sensitive guidance for use of accelerating admixtures in concrete. This report details efforts to validate ARCTEC using real-world, full-scale, field demonstrations. These demonstrations were used to collect data on the behavior of concrete obtained through conventional supply chains, to assess the accuracy of the simulation component of the workflow, and test efficacy of ARCTEC guidance in achieving frost protection. Results indicate that ARCTEC is at a high level of maturity, and provides additive dosage guidance that ensures frost protection and strength development in concrete placed where overnight lows fall as low as 0°F. The effort and cost required to implement ARCTEC as a cold weather protection strategy is minimal, and significantly less burdensome than conventional methods. Any cold region installation with a winter construction or repair needs and access to conventional concrete supply chains could field ARCTEC, and reduce the cost and schedule constraints associated with winter construction.
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Sims, Kate. Education, Girls’ Education and Climate Change. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.044.
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This Emerging Issue Report (EIR) explores research and evidence on the relationship between education, girls’ education and climate change. There is scientific consensus that climate change is real, manifested through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events, including drought, flooding and cyclones. Climate change, environmental degradation and climate vulnerability are closely linked. Climate change exacerbates environmental and land degradation, especially in areas with drylands and permafrost, river deltas and low-lying coastal areas. There is high confidence that people living in areas affected by environmental degradation are experiencing an increase in the negative effects of climate change. Gender, alongside other drivers of vulnerability and exclusion, is a key determinant of an individual’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change and environmental degradation and influences how climate change is experienced. It is estimated that at least 200 million adolescent girls living in the poorest communities face a heightened risk from the effects of climate change. Evidence and commentary on the role of education, and girls’ education, to address climate change through adaptation, resilience and mitigation is limited, albeit growing. This EIR identifies and summarises the evidence and key commentary around the following themes: links between education, particularly girls’ education, and climate change; how climate and environment matter for achieving gender equality; and why securing girls’ education is an important strategy in addressing climate change. The EIR draws on academic research and literature from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as policy frameworks and grey literature, media articles and blogs from the climate, education and gender fields.
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Cialone, Mary, Jessamin Straub, Britt Raubenheimer, Jenna Brown, Katherine Brodie, Nicole Elko, Patrick Dickhudt, et al. A large-scale community storm processes field experiment : the During Nearshore Event Experiment (DUNEX) overview reference report. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46548.
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The DUring Nearshore Event EXperiment (DUNEX) was a series of large-scale nearshore coastal field experiments focused on during-storm, nearshore coastal processes. The experiments were conducted on the North Carolina coast by a multidisciplinary group of over 30 research scientists from 2019 to 2021. The overarching goal of DUNEX was to collaboratively gather information to improve understanding of the interactions of coastal water levels, waves, and flows, beach and dune evolution, soil behavior, vegetation, and groundwater during major coastal storms that affect infrastructure, habitats, and communities. In the short term, these high-quality field measurements will lead to better understanding of during-storm processes, impacts and post-storm recovery and will enhance US academic coastal research programs. Longer-term, DUNEX data and outcomes will improve understanding and prediction of extreme event physical processes and impacts, validate coastal processes numerical models, and improve coastal resilience strategies and communication methods for coastal communities impacted by storms. This report focuses on the planning and preparation required to conduct a large-scale field experiment, the collaboration amongst researchers, and lessons learned. The value of a large-scale experiment focused on storm processes and impacts begins with the scientific gains from the data collected, which will be available and used for decades to come.
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Ori, Naomi, and Jason W. Reed. Engineering parthenocarpic fruit production in tomato. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134175.bard.
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Normally, fruits are formed only following fertilization. In tomato, fertilization is sensitive to extreme temperatures, resulting in reduced yield. Yield stability would therefore benefit from tomato varieties with parthenocarpic fruits, which develop independently of fertilization. The objective of the research was to generate parthenocarpic tomato lines by mutating PRC2 components, to investigate how PRC2 and auxin signaling regulate fruit initiation and growth, and to generate parthenocarpic lines for breeding. We reasoned that heterozygous prc2 mutations would generate parthenocarpic fruits with minimal vegetative effects, as they act in the female gametophyte. The specific objectives were : To generate (1) tomato PRC2 mutants and characterize them developmentally (2) and molecularly (3), and to test their performance in the field (4). Aim 1 proved challenging, and was achieved only during the third year. Therefore the research was extended for an additional 8 months, during which goals 2 and 4 were achieved. The research yielded mutations in 4 different PRC2 components, two of which were loss-of-function mutations that produced parthenocarpic fruits, Slfie and Slmsi1 mutants. Characterization of heterozygote Slfie mutants showed that they produce fruits independently of fertilization across a range of growth conditions. No homozygote Slfie mutants were obtained, likely due to failure of the mutant allele to transfer via the female gametopyte. Slfie/+ fruits were of good quality in contrast to most previously described parthenocarpic fruits. Initial characterization under heat stress showed a dramatic increase in yield under extreme heat, therefore providing yield stability. In addition, we characterized single and double mutants in tomato SlARF8a and SlARF8b, and found that these also gave plants with parthenocarpic fruit growth and increased yield stability. The research yielded genetic material that can be used in breeding programs to increase yield stability under unstable climate
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Delgado, Caroline. Improving the Prospects for Peace in South Sudan: Spotlight on Stabilization. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ztis2601.
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South Sudan is home to one of the world’s worst hunger crises, a consequence of decades of armed conflict and devastating extreme weather events. Conflict, climate change and hunger have forcibly displaced nearly seven million people, out of a population of 11 million. The World Food Programme (WFP) operates in the middle of this intersection. In 2022, WFP provided food assistance to nearly 6 million people. This food assistance has an impact on conflict and peacebuilding dynamics. This report analyses the impact of that assistance, drawing out the contribution of WFP’s programming to enhancing stability through a reduction in violence and improved basic physical security. Based on field-based research in the capital Juba and state capitals Bor (Jonglei State) and Bentiu (Unity State), the findings are presented through two theories of change, which articulate the pathways through which WFP programming contributes to enhanced stability, reduced violence and improved basic physical security. The report offers 11 recommendations on how WFP can further enhance this contribution.
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Hendrick, Stephen, and Adrienn Lawson. OpenSearch Awareness and Perceptions Report. The Linux Foundation, October 2024. https://doi.org/10.70828/elnx1357.
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Amazon Web Services (AWS) commissioned LF Research to field a survey in the Linux Foundation community to assess the awareness and perception of OpenSearch, the open source fork of Elasticsearch and Kibana. The study focused on whether the open source nature of the solution was important, the experiences the audience has had with the solution, and the audience's feedback on its capabilities, areas of concern, and strategies. Findings from this survey indicate that almost all respondents who use OpenSearch believe it delivers its search capabilities very or extremely well, but they noted that they would like better integration of the solution with other open source projects.
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph, and P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
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Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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Beshouri, Greg. PR-309-14212-WEB Field Demonstration of Fully Integrated NSCR System. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011623.
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Wednesday, October 9, 2019 3:30 pm. ET PRESENTER: Bob Goffin, Advanced Engine Technologies HOST: Chris Nowak, Kinder Morgan MODERATOR: Gary Choquette, PRCI CLICK THE DOWNLOAD/BUY BUTTON TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR REGISTRATION LINK While superficially a "simple and proven" technology, non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) control is in fact extremely complex, far more complex than the control of lean burn engines. Using a systems approach, PRCI research partners defined the most common failure modes for each of the components of the NSCR system. Both regulators and operators often make simplistic assumptions regarding the reliability and robustness of NSCR control. Real world experience has shown those assumptions to be unfounded. Legacy NSCR systems can go "out of compliance" resulting in gross emissions deviations while remaining "in control." This webinar will review the reasons for those deviations and then postulates a system design capable of remaining both "in control" and "in compliance." This system was then designed, developed, installed and tested. The results confirmed the theoretical analysis resulting in satisfactory system performance. The result offers regulators and operators guidelines on procuring and/or developing NSCR systems that will satisfy regulatory expectations. Learning outcomes/Benefits of attending include: - Explains for legacy rich burn engines can be upgraded with NSCR and advanced controls - Explores the instrumentation required - Looks at control algorithms involved Who should attend: - Pipeline operators - Reliability engineers and technicians - Emissions compliance specialists Recommended pre-reading: PR-309-14212-R01 Field Demonstration of Fully Integrated NSCR System Not able to attend? Register anyway to automatically receive a link to the webinar recording to view on-demand at your convenience. Attendance is limited to the first 500 registrants to join the webinar. All remaining registrants will receive a link to view the webinar recording. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad, and Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.
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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Price, Roz. Metrics and Indicators to Assess Adaptation. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.050.
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The field of climate change adaptation metrics is complex and fast-changing. Given the highly contextual nature of adaptation and the array of applied definitions of adaptation and “success”, there is no single global set of adaptation metrics and indicators or definition of adaptation success. There is a burgeoning literature on the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), how to measure it and adaptation metrics. However, the landscape is scattered and the subject is very complex. Climate impacts and the effects of adaptation measures themselves spill across national borders, although adaptation is still treated as a largely domestic issue despite the global rhetoric of the GGA. This makes an aggregate global goal extremely technically challenging and tracing the plethora of existing indicators and metrics difficult. Furthermore, there is relatively few specific literature directly on the topic of global measurement of adaptation. This rapid review provides information on some of the metrics and measurement approaches in use across national and sub-national government levels. It gives a brief discussion of the issues around measuring the GGA, flags some key resources in this area and also touches on some initiatives and guidance aimed at helping users to select metrics. This is not a systematic review and given the time limitations and the number of adaptation metrics approaches in use, it is only able to provide a small snapshot of current research.