Academic literature on the topic 'Extreme programming'

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Journal articles on the topic "Extreme programming"

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S.R, Srividhya, and Pothumani S. "Programming for Deconstructing Extreme." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 0009-SPECIAL ISSUE (September 25, 2019): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11/20192641.

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Stott, W. "Going to extremes [extreme programming]." Information Professional 1, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/inp:20040309.

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Pierce, D. "Extreme Programming." Computer Bulletin 44, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/combul/44.3.28.

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Beck, Kent. "Extreme programming." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 24, no. 6 (November 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/318774.318778.

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Loftus, Chris, and Mark Ratcliffe. "Extreme programming promotes extreme learning?" ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 37, no. 3 (September 2005): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1151954.1067531.

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Nagalambika, Nagalambika, and L. Manjunath Rao. "Component Reusability in Extreme Programming Using Microservice Architecture." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 15, no. 36 (September 28, 2022): 1808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v15i36.248.

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Feng, Ya, Dongliang Cui, Hui Li, Ying Zhao, and Jia Liu. "Analysis of extreme programming." MATEC Web of Conferences 309 (2020): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030902016.

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Agents and pasteurization, while intuitive in theory, have not until recently been considered compelling. Given the current status of symbiotic information, biologists daringly desire the understanding of web browsers. In order to overcome this obstacle, we use introspective symmetries to show that multicast frameworks and virtual machines are usually incompatible. Plan to address this in future work and expect to see many cyber in formations move to enabling our application in the very near future.
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Mišić, Vojislav B. "Perceptions of extreme programming." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 31, no. 2 (March 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1118537.1118542.

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Caristi, James. "Tutorial on extreme programming." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 34, no. 1 (March 2002): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/563517.563378.

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S, Pothumani, and Priya N. "A New Technique for Extreme Programming and Vacuum Tubes." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 0009-SPECIAL ISSUE (September 25, 2019): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11/20192607.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extreme programming"

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Williams, Malcolm Maxwell. "Distributed extreme programming : extending the frontier of the extreme programming software engineering process." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9621.

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Extreme Programming (XP) is inherently collaborative, which makes it amenable to Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) support. The collaboration enabling tools and techniques used in XP, such as whiteboards, index cards and co-location, are adequate for their immediate purposes. However, they do not allow sufficient information to survive beyond the end of projects. Long term consequences of their use include the risk of inadequate software maintenance, and limitation of the process' scalability. In this thesis, we explore the opportunity to address these risks by means of a desktop-based client/server experimental groupware application. We exploit existing metaphors and characteristics of XP, such as the `information radiator' and the natural hierarchical arrangement of the primary project concerns, in order to reduce the gap between user's mental model of normal XP and CSCW enabled XP. We use XML, relaxed-WYSIWIS and a message passing communications system to allow users to interact with the same or different aspects of a project's information space---the Project Document---while they collaborate on essential project planning and coordination activities of the Planning Game. We conclude that our choice of deployment architecture and selection of aspects of XP which are augmented offer relevant and more sophisticated support for XP teams than do web-based approaches reported in literature.
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Thorsen, Liv Ryssdal. "Extreme Programming i sikkerhetskritiske systemer." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9133.

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Syed-Abdullah, Sharifah Lailee. "Empirical study on extreme programming." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6067/.

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The focus of this research is on the human side of an agile methodology because most of the other research on methodologies tends to focus on the technical aspect. The context for this research is the Software Engineering Observatory at the University of Sheffield, a research facility, which is run by the Verification and Testing (VT) research group. The objective of this observatory is two- fold: firstly, it is to create an environment for the training and development of skills that are associated with the successful construction of a software solution with a real commercial client, and secondly, it is for the carrying out of research work that would be impossible to do in the real software industry. The observatory allows empirical researchers to observe, question or interview software developers working on real industrial projects. The general relevance of this research lies in the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of an agile methodology by first, identifying the difficult practices in the XP methodology and the reasons for the difficulties, with the intention to improve the methodology. Cognitive theory indicates that for a new approach to be accepted easily, it must conform to the ways the brain accepts information, stimulates the mind, and thus motivates the developers. The research demonstrates qualitatively and quantitatively the effect of this improvement on the software developers. Comparison studies between the Extreme Programming (an agile methodology) with the Discovery Method (a design-led methodology) were conducted to evaluate the effect of the XP methodology in term of the work related well being, the work group cohesion, the positive affectivity and finally the quality of the software. To achieve generalisability for some findings, data was collected from an XP team in IBM, Hursley, United Kingdom.
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Macias, Francisco Javier. "Empirical assessment of extreme programming." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414659.

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Eskandari, Edvin. "Framgångsfaktorer för parprogrammering inom Extreme Programming." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1001.

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Det här arbetet har med hjälp av en kvalitativ undersökning tagit fram framgångsfaktorer för parprogrammering. Detta har genomförts med hjälp av intervju samt enkätundersökningar med sex respondenter. Då litteraturen inte behandlar hur parprogrammering kan bli framgångsrikt har detta arbete haft som syfte för att göra detta. Resultatet har kategoriserats i fyra nivåer. Exempel på framtagna framgångsfaktorer är att:

• ledningen måste införskaffa kunskaper om parprogrammering

• projektledaren uppmuntrar till byte av par ofta

• projektdeltagarna är öppna och mottagbara för konstruktiv kritik

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Elvheim, Martin. "Gruppuppgifter : attityder, lärande och Extreme Programming." Thesis, University West, Department of Informatics and Mathematics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-546.

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Backeman, Jens, and Erik Carlson. "Dokumentera med eXtreme Programming : Går det?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Computer Systems Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126179.

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Att sätta sig in i system kan vara krångligt utan rätt sorts dokumentation. Vi har undersökt vilken dokumentation som kan vara lämplig att lämna över till nya utvecklare, som ska arbeta vidare med systemet i software maintenance fasen.

Det har gjorts genom att vi har gjort en litteraturstudie om dokumentation samt undersökt vad för dokumentationsartefakter som används när man ska sätta sig in i datorsystem. Vi använde eXtreme Programming för att utveckla ett system som vi försökte dokumentera samtidigt som vi utvecklade det.

eXtreme Programming förordar muntlig kommunikation, vilket är svårt att lämna över till nya utvecklare. Vi upptäckte under vår utveckling att det var svårt att föra in dokumentation sam-tidigt som utvecklandet pågick,  därför använde vi bara enhetstester och  strukturerade kod-kommentarer under utvecklingsiterationerna.

Vi undersökte hur dokumentationen som skapats fungerade genom att göra en undersökning bestående av strukturerade intervjuer där de fick komma med kommentarer om hur dokumen-tationen hjälpte förståelsen för systemet.

Vi lämnar ifrån oss en vidareutveckling  av eXtreme Programming  som innefattar en doku-mentationsiteration  innan överlämnandet  samt en studie om vad för dokumentation som är värdefull att ha vid systemöverlämningar.


Understanding systems can be a tough task without the right sort of documentation. We have examined the documentation artifacts which may be appropriate to hand over to new develop-ers, who will continue working with the system during the software maintenance phase.

By doing a literature review on documentation and examined what documentation artifacts is used when you want to  understand a computer system. We used the eXtreme Programming system development methodology to develop a system that we tried to document as we devel-oped it.

eXtreme Programming favors oral communication, but that is hard to hand over to new devel-opers. We discovered during our development that it was difficult to introduce documentation while the development process was going on so we only used structured code comments and unit testing during the development iterations

We examined how the documentation that was created worked by doing a survey consisting of structured interviews where the respondents made comments about if and how the documen-tation improved their understanding of the system.

We pass on an evolved eXtreme Programming system development methodology, which in-cludes a standalone documentation iteration before the handover, and a study of what kind of documentation that is valuable to have when transferring systems to new developers.

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Rytinki, J. (Janne). "Extreme programming -menetelmien hyödyt tietojärjestelmien ylläpidossa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201306061562.

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Tietojärjestelmien ylläpitovaiheen tehtäviin kuuluvat kaikki käyttöönoton jälkeiset muutokset, korjaukset ja kehitystyöt. Tietojärjestelmien ylläpitovaihe kestää vuosista kymmeniin vuosiin ja ylläpitovaiheen menetelminä on käytetty perinteistä vesiputousmallia. Ylläpitovaihetta pidetään myös usein kalliina, muutosten toteutus kestää usein ja virheenkorjauksia joudutaan odottamaan kohtuuttomia aikoja. Kuitenkin viime vuosina Agile-menetelmät ovat enemmän sääntö kuin poikkeus. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tutkia, voidaanko Extreme Programming (XP) -menetelmiä hyödyntää tietojärjestelmän ylläpitovaiheen tehtäviin menestyksekkäästi ja miten XP:n menetelmät voivat tukea tietojärjestelmäkehityksen ylläpitovaiheen tehtäviä. Tämä tutkimus on laadullinen tapaustutkimus, joka kartoittaa ongelmakohtia yritys Alfassa kyselylomakkeen ja haastattelujen avulla. Saatujen vastausten avulla pyrittiin kartoittamaan yritys Alfassa olevat ongelmakohdat ja kuinka XP:n menetelmät pystyvät parantamaan niitä. Tiedonkeräys suoritettiin yritys Alfan tuki- ja ylläpitotiimin jäsenille ja siinä mukana olleille. Tiedonkeräyksen avulla saavutetut tulokset tukevat hypoteesia, jonka mukaan XP:n menetelmät pystyvät parantamaan tietojärjestelmän ylläpitovaiheen tehtäviä. Tutkimuksen aikana havaittiin, että XP:n menetelmät soveltuvat hyvin ylläpitovaiheen tehtävien suorittamiseen ja niillä pystyttäisiin nopeuttamaan käytössä olevia prosesseja. XP:n menetelmät tukevat hyvin niitä kohtia, jotka nähtiin yritys Alfassa haasteellisiksi tai joissa nähtiin puutteita. Löydettyjä ongelmakohtia on muun muassa riittämätön palaute, vähäinen kontakti asiakkaaseen, lähdekoodin kompleksisuus, testauksen haasteet ja käyttäjätarinoiden puutteellisuus. XP tarjoaa näihin käytäntöjä, jotka parantavat ongelmakohtia. Parannusehdotuksia ovat esimerkiksi: Refaktoroinnilla saavutetaan yksinkertaisempi lähdekoodi, käyttäjätarinoiden tietosisällön korostaminen, yksikkö- ja hyväksymistestaus parantaa kommunikointia ja palautetta asiakkaan ja ohjelmoijan välillä. Tutkimuksen tulokset auttavat parantamaan olemassa olevia prosesseja tietojärjestelmien ylläpidossa ja tarjoaa tukea tahoille, joissa havaitaan samankaltaisia haasteita. XP:n menetelmät tarjoavat hyvän viitekehyksen tietojärjestelmien ylläpitovaiheen tehtäville.
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Sedano, Todd. "Sustainable Software Development: Evolving Extreme Programming." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/837.

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Context: Software development is a complex socio-technical endeavor that involves coordinating different disciplines and skill sets. Practitioners experiment with and adopt processes and practices with a goal of making their work more effective. Objective: To observe, describe, and analyze software development processes and practices in an industrial setting. Our goal is to generate a descriptive theory of software engineering development, which is rooted in empirical data. Method: Following Constructivist Grounded Theory, we conducted a 2.5 year participant-observation of eight software projects at Pivotal, a software development company. We interviewed 33 software engineers, interaction designers, and product managers, and analyzed one year of retrospection topics. We iterated between data collection, data analysis and theoretical sampling until achieving theoretical saturation and generating a descriptive theory. Results: 1) This research introduces a descriptive theory of Sustainable Software Development. The theory encompasses principles, policies, and practices aiming at removing knowledge silos and improving code quality, hence leading to development sustainability. 2) At the heart of Sustainable Software Development is team code ownership. This research widens our understanding of team code ownership. Developers achieve higher team code ownership when they understand the system context, have contributed to the code in question, perceive code quality as high, believe the product will satisfy the user needs, and perceive high team cohesion. 3) This research introduces the first evidence-based waste taxonomy, identifying eight wastes along with causes and tensions, and compares it with Lean Software Development’s waste taxonomy. Conclusion: The Sustainable Software Development theory refines and extends our understanding of Extreme Programming by adding principles, policies, and practices (including Overlapping Pair Rotation) and aligning them with the business goal of sustainability. One key aspect of the theory is team code ownership, which is rooted in numerous cognitive, emotional, contextual and technical factors and cannot be achieved simply by policy. Another key dimension is waste identification and elimination, which has led to a new taxonomy of waste. Overall, this research contributes to the field of software engineering by providing new insights, rooted in empirical data, into how a software organization leverages and extends Extreme Programming to achieve software sustainability.
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Johansson, Carolin. "eXtreme Programming vs. etablerade systemutvecklingsmetoder : en jämförelse." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-884.

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Allt sedan 1960-talet har det utvecklats så många systemutvecklingsmetoder att det kan vara svårt, som systemutvecklare, att välja rätt metod till det utvecklingsprojekt som ska genomföras. För att underlätta valet av systemutvecklingsmetod kan ett jämförelseramverk vara användbart. Detta för att lättare kunna sätta sig in i de utvecklingsmetoder som finns till hands att välja mellan.

Denna rapport fokuserar på att jämföra systemutvecklingsmetoden eXtreme Programming med Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) och Rational Unified Process (RUP). Detta görs med hjälp av ett jämförelseramverk. Syftet är att erhålla en djupare kunskap om vad eXtreme Programming är för en typ av systemutvecklingsmetod och vad den har att erbjuda som de mer etablerade metoderna, SSADM och RUP, inte kan erbjuda och vise versa.

Resultatet av rapporten är ett jämförelseramverk som kan användas på ett strukturerat sätt för att erhålla information om systemutvecklingsmetoder. Vidare erhåller läsaren en djupare kunskap om en relativt ny systemutvecklingsmetod eXtreme Programming.

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Books on the topic "Extreme programming"

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1964-, Succi Giancarlo, ed. EXtreme programming perspectives. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2002.

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Jeffries, Ron. Extreme programming installed. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2001.

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1967-, Anderson Ann, and Hendrickson Chet, eds. Extreme programming installed. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2001.

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Tip, House, ed. Testing Extreme Programming. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2003.

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Michele, Marchesi, ed. Extreme Programming examined. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2001.

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Chromatic. Extreme Programming: Pocket Guide. Beijing: O'Reilly, 2003.

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Burke, Eric M. Java Extreme Programming cookbook. Beijing: O'Reilly, 2003.

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Beck, Kent. Extreme programming explained: Embrace change. 2nd ed. Boston, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 2004.

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Cynthia, Andres, ed. Extreme programming explained: Embrace change. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2005.

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Isobel, Raggett, and Aufgang Joel, eds. Extreme programming for Web projects. Boston, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Extreme programming"

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Blankenship, Jerrel, Matthew Bussa, and Scott Millett. "eXtreme Programming." In Pro Agile .NET Development with Scrum, 29–51. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3534-7_3.

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Hanser, Eckhart. "Extreme Programming (XP)." In Agile Prozesse: Von XP über Scrum bis MAP, 13–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12313-9_3.

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Herranz, Ángel, and Juan José Moreno-Navarro. "Formal Extreme (and Extremely Formal) Programming." In Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 88–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44870-5_12.

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Stevens, Perdita, Marko Boger, Stephen Mellor, and Alan Cameron Wills. "Extreme Programming and Modelling?" In ≪UML≫ 2000 — The Unified Modeling Language, 353–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-40011-7_25.

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Maurer, Frank. "Supporting Distributed Extreme Programming." In Extreme Programming and Agile Methods — XP/Agile Universe 2002, 13–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45672-4_2.

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Beck, Kent, Fred Tingey, John Nolan, and Steve Freeman. "Leadership in Extreme Programming." In Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 276. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11499053_46.

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Ambu, Walter, and Fabrizio Gianneschi. "Extreme Programming at Work." In Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 347–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44870-5_48.

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Gelowitz, Craig, Ian Sloman, Luigi Benedicenti, and Raman Paranjape. "Real-Time Extreme Programming." In Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 63–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44870-5_9.

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Johansen, Zhon, Ken Auer, Brian Button, Alistair Cockburn, James Grenning, Kay Johansen, and Duff O’Melia. "Extreme Fishbowl." In Extreme Programming and Agile Methods — XP/Agile Universe 2002, 289. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45672-4_52.

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Braithwaite, Keith, and Tim Joyce. "XP Expanded: Distributed Extreme Programming." In Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 180–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11499053_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Extreme programming"

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Beck, K. "Extreme Programming." In Proceedings of TOOLS Europe '99: Technology of Object Oriented Languages and Systems. 29th International Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tools.1999.779100.

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Loftus, Chris, and Mark Ratcliffe. "Extreme programming promotes extreme learning?" In the 10th annual SIGCSE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1067445.1067531.

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Hussain, Zahid, Martin Lechner, Harald Milchrahm, Sara Shahzad, Wolfgang Slany, and Martin Umgeher. "Optimizing extreme programming." In 2008 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccce.2008.4580769.

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Tomayko, James E. "Teaching eXtreme Programming Remotely." In Proceedings. 18th Conference on Software Engineering Education & Training. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cseet.2005.35.

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Newkirk, James, and Robert C. Martin. "Extreme programming in practice." In Addendum to the 2000 proceedings of the conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/367845.367909.

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Caristi, James. "Tutorial on extreme programming." In the 33rd SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/563340.563378.

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Paige, Richard F., Howard Chivers, John A. McDermid, and Zoë R. Stephenson. "High-integrity extreme programming." In the 2005 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1066677.1067019.

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Coelho, Roberta, Esther Brasileiro, and Arndt von Staa. "Not so eXtreme programming." In Companion to the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1094855.1094898.

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Johnston, Andrew, and Chris S. Johnson. "Extreme Programming in the University." In Annual International Conference on Computer Science Education: Innovation & Technology CSEIT 2010 & Annual International Conference on Software Engineering SE 2010. Global Science and Technology Forum, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/978-981-08-7466-7_itcse-05.

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Grisham, Paul S., and Dewayne E. Perry. "Customer relationships and Extreme Programming." In the 2005 workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1083106.1083113.

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Reports on the topic "Extreme programming"

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Nord, Robert L., James E. Tomayko, and Rob Wojcik. Integrating Software-Architecture-Centric Methods into Extreme Programming (XP). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada431084.

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Wilke, Jeremiah J., and Joseph P. Kenny. Using Discrete Event Simulation for Programming Model Exploration at Extreme-Scale: Macroscale Components for the Structural Simulation Toolkit (SST). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1170619.

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Roelen, Keetie, and Karol Rodriguez. Comprehensive Social Protection Programming: What is the Potential for Improving Sanitation Outcomes? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.001.

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Millions of people around the world do not have access to adequate sanitation facilities, undermining progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 that calls for adequate and equitable sanitation for all. Efforts to improve sanitation outcomes have been rapidly accelerated in the past decade alongside an expansion of different financial incentives or subsidies to promote access to services and motivate sanitation behaviour. In parallel, social protection has become part and parcel of development policy, with many low- and middle-income countries now offering some form of cash transfers to those most vulnerable. Comprehensive interventions that couple financial transfers with complementary support such as behaviour change communication, training, or coaching have also grown increasingly popular. Despite similarities between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) subsidy schemes and social protection interventions, these policy areas have largely developed in silos and limited cross-sectoral learning has taken place. This paper begins to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the potential for comprehensive social protection in addressing sanitation outcomes and drawing out policy implications for the social protection and WASH communities. It does so by focusing on a social protection programme in the context of extreme poverty in rural Haiti.
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Delgado, Caroline. Improving the Prospects for Peace in South Sudan: Spotlight on Stabilization. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ztis2601.

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South Sudan is home to one of the world’s worst hunger crises, a consequence of decades of armed conflict and devastating extreme weather events. Conflict, climate change and hunger have forcibly displaced nearly seven million people, out of a population of 11 million. The World Food Programme (WFP) operates in the middle of this intersection. In 2022, WFP provided food assistance to nearly 6 million people. This food assistance has an impact on conflict and peacebuilding dynamics. This report analyses the impact of that assistance, drawing out the contribution of WFP’s programming to enhancing stability through a reduction in violence and improved basic physical security. Based on field-based research in the capital Juba and state capitals Bor (Jonglei State) and Bentiu (Unity State), the findings are presented through two theories of change, which articulate the pathways through which WFP programming contributes to enhanced stability, reduced violence and improved basic physical security. The report offers 11 recommendations on how WFP can further enhance this contribution.
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Slater, Rachel, Daniel Longhurst, and Paul Harvey. Financing Social Assistance in Crisis Situations. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.021.

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Protracted crises are increasing and becoming compounded, but financing solutions for humanitarian and social assistance in fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS) are not keeping up. UN consolidated (humanitarian/emergency) appeals have, over the past decade, been around 60 per cent-funded, despite growing exponentially in size. Social protection coverage globally remains limited, with only an estimated 45 per cent of the world’s population having access to any form of social protection. This figure dips below 10 per cent in many low-income countries (Development Initiatives 2020; ILO 2017). The lack of coverage comes at a time when global extreme poverty increased in 2020 for the first time in decades (World Bank 2020). Indeed, by 2030, 85 per cent of the extreme poor – some 342 million people – will live in FCAS (Samman et al. 2018). Financing assistance in these contexts is complex, often arriving late, and/or is earmarked for certain actors and activities, when what is required is flexible, multipartner programming. This is despite commitments made by the signatories to the Grand Bargain and at the World Humanitarian Summit to improve the timeliness, flexibility, transparency, and efficiency of aid. Solutions to these challenges remain poorly understood or caught in humanitarian or social protection silos.
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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. The implications of early marriage for HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1000.

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This brief is based on a background paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The final paper is entitled “Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy.” The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Married adolescent girls are outside the conventionally defined research interests, policy diagnosis, and basic interventions that have underpinned adolescent reproductive health programming and many HIV/AIDS prevention activities. They are an isolated, often numerically large, and extremely vulnerable segment of the population, largely untouched by current intervention strategies. As stated in this brief, promoting later marriage, to at least age 18, and shoring up protection options within marriage may be essential means of stemming the epidemic.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Donor Support for ‘Informal Social Movements’. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.085.

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“Social movements” are by definition informal or semi-formal, as opposed to the formal structure of a stable association, such as a club, a corporation, or a political party. They are relatively long lasting over a period of weeks, months, or even years rather than flaring up for a few hours or a few days and then disappearing (Smelser et al., 2020). There is a substantial and growing body of work dedicated to social movements, encompassing a wide range of views about how to define them (Smelser et al., 2020). This is complicated by the use of other terms which shade into the idea of “social movements”, such as grass-roots mobilisation/ movements, non-traditional civil society organisations, voluntary organisations, civic space, new civic activism, active citizenship, to name a few. There is also an implied informality to the term “social movements”, so that the research for this rapid review used both “social movement” and “informal social movement”. Thus this rapid review seeks to find out what approaches do donors use to support “informal social movements” in their programming, and what evidence do they base their strategies on. The evidence found during the course of this rapid review was drawn from both the academic literature, and think-tank and donor reports. The academic literature found was extremely large and predominantly drawn from single case studies around the world, with few comparative studies. The literature on donor approaches found from both donors and think tanks was not consistently referenced to research evidence but tended to be based on interviews with experienced staff and recipients.
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Mosello, Beatrice, Christian König, Emily Wright, and Gareth Price. Rethinking human mobility in the face of global changes. Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc010.

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Migration and displacement related to climate change have received increasing attention in the media, in research and among policymakers in recent years. A range of studies have produced extremely concerning statistics and forecasts about the potential scale of migration and displacement due to climate change now and in the future. For example, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre calculated that in 2019 alone almost 25 million people were displaced by disasters such as floods and tropical storms – three times the number displaced by conflict and violence (IDMC 2020a). The World Bank’s 2018 Groundswell report estimated that, if substantial climate change mitigation and development measures are not taken, slow-onset climate impacts could displace as many as 143 million people in just three world regions, or 55 percent of the developing world’s population, by 2050 (Rigaud et al. 2018). These kinds of figures have been widely reported and drive the prevailing narrative in media and policy debates that climate change will lead to mass migration and displacement, which, in turn, can lead to conflict. There is empirical evidence that rising temperatures, leading to disasters and slow-onset impacts such as drought or sea-level rise are already playing a role in setting people across the world on the move, and these numbers are likely to increase as climate change impacts intensify (UNINE n.d.; IOM’s GMDAC 2020). However, the links between climate change, migration, displacement and conflict are complex, and vary widely between contexts. The growing community of research on this topic has warned that, without an adequate understanding of the pathways of mobility, predictions of millions of climate migrants and displaced people can cast responses in alarmistic and counter-productive tones (Flavell et al. 2020). Policy on displacement, migration and climate change can therefore profit from investing in fine-grained analyses of the different factors shaping human mobility, and using them to support the development of effective responses that address the needs of migrants, as well as their home and destination communities. Along these lines, this paper examines the interaction between biophysical climate impacts, migration, displacement and (in)security. It aims to go beyond the prevailing narratives to better understand the different ways in which mobility can serve as an adaptive strategy to climate- and conflict-related risks and vulnerabilities. It also aims to assess how effective mobility is as an adaptation strategy and will continue to be in light of other stresses, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on two case studies, Bangladesh and Central Asia, each presenting different human mobility pathways. It adopts a diversity lens to consider how the success/effectiveness of mobility strategies is sensitive to the position of individuals in society and the opportunities they have. It also considers how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the ability of climate-vulnerable populations to use mobility as an effective adaptation strategy, considering movement restrictions, increased unemployment in cities, reduced opportunities for seasonal work (e.g. in the agriculture sector), return migration and impacts on remittance flows. In conclusion, the paper makes recommendations to inform governments in countries of origin and international development and humanitarian policies and programmes in relation to mobility and climate change/security, including those of the EU and EU member states. Firstly, climate-induced mobility should be included in and addressed through broader adaptation and development efforts, for example building urban infrastructure, promoting nature-based adaptation, and ensuring adequate social protection and education. Policies and legal frameworks on migration and displacement in countries of origin should also be strengthened, ensuring the coordination between existing policies at all levels. Global cooperation will be essential to build international standards. And finally, all programming should be supported by an improved knowledge base on climate-induced migration and displacement, including gender- and age- disaggregated data.
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