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Journal articles on the topic 'Extreme fast charging'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Jenn, Alan, Kyle Clark-Sutton, Michael Gallaher, and Jeffrey Petrusa. "Environmental impacts of extreme fast charging." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 094060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9870.

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2

Trentadue, Germana, Alexandre Lucas, Marcos Otura, Konstantinos Pliakostathis, Marco Zanni, and Harald Scholz. "Evaluation of Fast Charging Efficiency under Extreme Temperatures." Energies 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081937.

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Multi-type fast charging stations are being deployed over Europe as electric vehicle adoption becomes more popular. The growth of an electrical charging infrastructure in different countries poses different challenges related to its installation. One of these challenges is related to weather conditions that are extremely heterogeneous due to different latitudes, in which fast charging stations are located and whose impact on the charging performance is often neglected or unknown. The present study focused on the evaluation of the electric vehicle (EV) charging process with fast charging devices (up to 50 kW) at ambient (25 °C) and at extreme temperatures (−25 °C, −15 °C, +40 °C). A sample of seven fast chargers and two electric vehicles (CCS (combined charging system) and CHAdeMO (CHArge de Move)) available on the commercial market was considered in the study. Three phase voltages and currents at the wall socket, where the charger was connected, as well as voltage and current at the plug connection between the charger and vehicle have been recorded. According to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J2894/1, the power conversion efficiency during the charging process has been calculated as the ratio between the instantaneous DC power delivered to the vehicle and the instantaneous AC power supplied from the grid in order to test the performance of the charger. The inverse of the efficiency of the charging process, i.e., a kind of energy return ratio (ERR), has been calculated as the ratio between the AC energy supplied by the grid to the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the energy delivered to the vehicle’s battery. The evaluation has shown a varied scenario, confirming the efficiency values declared by the manufacturers at ambient temperature and reporting lower energy efficiencies at extreme temperatures, due to lower requested and, thus, delivered power levels. The lowest and highest power conversion efficiencies of 39% and 93% were observed at −25 °C and ambient temperature (+25 °C), respectively.
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3

Mallarapu, Anudeep, Vivek S. Bharadwaj, and Shriram Santhanagopalan. "Understanding extreme fast charge limitations in carbonate mixtures." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 8 (2021): 4858–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta10166d.

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4

Tanim, Tanvir R., Eric J. Dufek, Sangwook Kim, Michael C. Evans, and Charles C. Dickerson. "Extreme Fast Charging: The Current State of Understanding." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-01173mtgabs.

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5

Chen, Xi, Zhen Li, Hairong Dong, Zechun Hu, and Chunting Chris Mi. "Enabling Extreme Fast Charging Technology for Electric Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 22, no. 1 (January 2021): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3045241.

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6

Li, Jianlin. "(Invited) Battery Design for Fast Charging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012223mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been broadly applied in electric vehicles (EVs) and the market adoption of EVs can be further improved with enhanced fast charging capabilities. The state-of-the-art chemistries, such as LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC) and graphite, are capable for fast charging. However, the electrodes are limited to thin coating due to mass transport limitation, which results in low energy density and high cost [1]. For example, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) issued a call for proposal in 2017 to enable extreme fast charging with a target of cell energy density higher than 180 Wh/kg which is much lower than that under normal application. The energy density of LIBs depends on the materials properties and cell engineering. In this presentation, the impact of cell design on energy density under fast charging will be discussed. Specifically, design in electrodes, current collectors, electrolyte, and separator will be elaborated to show their correlation to fast charging application [2-3]. Acknowledgment This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) and Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO). References [1] Colclasure, A. M.; Dunlop, A. R.; Trask, S. E.; Polzin, B. J.; Jansen, A. N.; Smith, K. Requirements for Enabling Extreme Fast Charging of High Energy Density Li-Ion Cells while Avoiding Lithium Plating. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2019, 166, A1412-A1424. [2] Parikh, D.; Christensen, T.; Li, J.; Elucidation of separator effect on energy density of lithium-ion batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2019, 166 (14), A3377. [3] Parikh, D.; Christensen, T.; Li, J.; Correlating the influence of porosity, tortuosity, and mass loading on the energy density of LiNi0. 6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathodes under extreme fast charging (XFC) conditions, Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 474, 228601.
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7

Ronanki, Deepak, Apoorva Kelkar, and Sheldon S. Williamson. "Extreme Fast Charging Technology—Prospects to Enhance Sustainable Electric Transportation." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2019): 3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193721.

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With the growing fleet of a new generation electric vehicles (EVs), it is essential to develop an adequate high power charging infrastructure that can mimic conventional gasoline fuel stations. Therefore, much research attention must be focused on the development of off-board DC fast chargers which can quickly replenish the charge in an EV battery. However, use of the service transformer in the existing fast charging architecture adds to the system cost, size and complicates the installation process while directly connected to medium-voltage (MV) line. With continual improvements in power electronics and magnetics, solid state transformer (SST) technology can be adopted to enhance power density and efficiency of the system. This paper aims to review the current state of the art architectures and challenges of fast charging infrastructure using SST technology while directly connected to the MV line. Finally, this paper discusses technical considerations, challenges and introduces future research possibilities.
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8

Lu, Haibing, Xi Chen, Cheng Fang, and Hua Yang. "Data analytics for optimizing extreme fast charging: a survey." Data Science and Management 1, no. 1 (March 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsm.2021.02.001.

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9

Yang, Xiao-Guang, Bairav S. Vishnugopi, Partha P. Mukherjee, Wenwei Wang, Fengchun Sun, and Chao-Yang Wang. "Advancements in extreme fast charging to foster sustainable electrification." One Earth 5, no. 3 (March 2022): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.012.

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10

Tanim, Tanvir R., Parameswara Chinnam, Zhenzhen Yang, Eric J. Dufek, Ira Bloom, Charles C. Dickerson, and Michael Evans. "Is Cathode a Bottleneck for Enabling Extreme Fast Charging?" ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-024433mtgabs.

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11

Mistry, Aashutosh, Francois L. E. Usseglio-Viretta, Andrew Colclasure, Kandler Smith, and Partha P. Mukherjee. "Fingerprinting Redox Heterogeneity in Electrodes during Extreme Fast Charging." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 9 (May 20, 2020): 090542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8fd7.

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12

Tanim, Tanvir R., Partha P. Paul, Vivek Thampy, Chuntian Cao, Hans-Georg Steinrück, Johanna Nelson Weker, Michael F. Toney, et al. "Heterogeneous Behavior of Lithium Plating during Extreme Fast Charging." Cell Reports Physical Science 1, no. 7 (July 2020): 100114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100114.

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13

Tu, Hao, Hao Feng, Srdjan Srdic, and Srdjan Lukic. "Extreme Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Technology Overview." IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 5, no. 4 (December 2019): 861–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tte.2019.2958709.

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14

Lucas, Alexandre, Germana Trentadue, Harald Scholz, and Marcos Otura. "Power Quality Performance of Fast-Charging under Extreme Temperature Conditions." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 2635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102635.

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Exposing electric vehicles (EV) to extreme temperatures limits its performance and charging. For the foreseen adoption of EVs, it is not only important to study the technology behind it, but also the environment it will be inserted into. In Europe, temperatures ranging from −30 °C to +40 °C are frequently observed and the impacts on batteries are well-known. However, the impact on the grid due to the performance of fast-chargers, under such conditions, also requires analysis, as it impacts both on the infrastructure’s dimensioning and design. In this study, six different fast-chargers were analysed while charging a full battery EV, under four temperature levels (−25 °C, −15 °C, +20 °C, and +40 °C). The current total harmonic distortion, power factor, standby power, and unbalance were registered. Results show that the current total harmonic distortion (THDI) tended to increase at lower temperatures. The standby consumption showed no trend, with results ranging from 210 VA to 1650 VA. Three out of six chargers lost interoperability at −25 °C. Such non-linear loads, present high harmonic distortion, and, hence, low power factor. The temperature at which the vehicle’s battery charges is crucial to the current it withdraws, thereby, influencing the charger’s performance.
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15

Yang, Xiao-Guang, Guangsheng Zhang, Shanhai Ge, and Chao-Yang Wang. "Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 28 (June 25, 2018): 7266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807115115.

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Fast charging is a key enabler of mainstream adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). None of today’s EVs can withstand fast charging in cold or even cool temperatures due to the risk of lithium plating. Efforts to enable fast charging are hampered by the trade-off nature of a lithium-ion battery: Improving low-temperature fast charging capability usually comes with sacrificing cell durability. Here, we present a controllable cell structure to break this trade-off and enable lithium plating-free (LPF) fast charging. Further, the LPF cell gives rise to a unified charging practice independent of ambient temperature, offering a platform for the development of battery materials without temperature restrictions. We demonstrate a 9.5 Ah 170 Wh/kg LPF cell that can be charged to 80% state of charge in 15 min even at −50 °C (beyond cell operation limit). Further, the LPF cell sustains 4,500 cycles of 3.5-C charging in 0 °C with <20% capacity loss, which is a 90× boost of life compared with a baseline conventional cell, and equivalent to >12 y and >280,000 miles of EV lifetime under this extreme usage condition, i.e., 3.5-C or 15-min fast charging at freezing temperatures.
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Paul, Partha P., Vivek Thampy, Chuntian Cao, Hans-Georg Steinrück, Tanvir R. Tanim, Alison R. Dunlop, Eric J. Dufek, et al. "Quantification of heterogeneous, irreversible lithium plating in extreme fast charging of lithium-ion batteries." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 9 (2021): 4979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ee01216a.

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17

Tanim, Tanvir R., Zhenzhen Yang, Donal P. Finegan, Andrew M. Colclasure, Eric J. Dufek, Ira Bloom, Peter J. Weddle, Michael Evans, Kandler Smith, and Andrew N. Jansen. "Key Aging Modes and Mechanisms for Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 5 (October 9, 2022): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025565mtgabs.

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Enabling extreme fast charging (XFC, charging in 10 to 15 minutes) in a lithium-ion battery (LiB) could play a key role in subsiding consumer’s range anxiety and spur the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).1,2 Such a high rate of charging induces unique aging modes in LiBs, thereby requiring a comprehensive understanding to enable effective solution strategies to minimize the negative effects of life and performance. This presentation will present a comprehensive understanding of the dominating aging modes and mechanisms of XFC in low- and moderate-loading Gr/NMC LiBs. We will discuss the major limitations of XFC in LiBs by first using experimental and modeling results followed by a comprehensive electrochemical analysis of cycle life aging implications for different charging conditions (e.g., 1C to 9C rate conditions). We will then discuss the aging mechanisms using comprehensive post-testing as well as multimodal and multi-scale microscopy techniques. Solid state diffusion in the negative electrode is not a key limiting factor for the fast charge conditions evaluated. Inadequate Li+ transport through the electrolyte primarily causes performance and distinct aging phenomena in LiBs. Eliminating the Li+ transport limitation within the electrolyte can offer a distinct increase in material utilization, avoiding Li deposition. Under such circumstances, the cathode could degrade in distinct ways depending on the particular NMC (e.g., NMC532 vs. NMC811) variants. NMC811 experiences a greater subsurface crystallographic degradation and interfacial degradation and displays similar extents of sub-particle cracking as compared to NMC532 under comparable charging conditions. Surprisingly, the NMC811 maintains superior electrochemical performance despite the more aggressive degradations. We found the better cycle life performance of NMC811 to be related to its inherently better solid state diffusion, electronic conduction, and radially oriented grain architecture. References S. Ahmed et al., J. Power Sources, 367, 250–262 (2017). Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, and Y. Cui, Nat. Energy, 4, 540–550 (2019).
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Yang, Xiao-Guang, Teng Liu, Yue Gao, Shanhai Ge, Yongjun Leng, Donghai Wang, and Chao-Yang Wang. "Asymmetric Temperature Modulation for Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries." Joule 3, no. 12 (December 2019): 3002–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.021.

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19

Paul, Partha P., Vivek Thampy, Chuntian Cao, Hans-Georg Steinrück, Tanvir R. Tanim, Alison R. Dunlop, Eric J. Dufek, et al. "Correction: Quantification of heterogeneous, irreversible lithium plating in extreme fast charging of lithium-ion batteries." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 9 (2021): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ee90049h.

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Correction for ‘Quantification of heterogeneous, irreversible lithium plating in extreme fast charging of lithium-ion batteries’ by Partha P. Paul et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1ee01216a.
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20

Liang, Ziwei, Daniel Merced, Mojtaba Jalalpour, and Hua Bai. "Deployment of a Bidirectional MW-Level Electric-Vehicle Extreme Fast Charging Station Enabled by High-Voltage SiC and Intelligent Control." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071840.

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Considering the fact that electric vehicle battery charging based on the current charging station is time-consuming, the charging technology needs to improve in order to increase charging speed, which could reduce range anxiety and benefit the user experience of electric vehicle (EV). For this reason, a 1 MW battery charging station is presented in this paper to eliminate the drawbacks of utilizing the normal 480 VAC as the system input to supply the 1 MW power, such as the low power density caused by the large volume of the 60 Hz transformer and the low efficiency caused by the high current. The proposed system utilizes the grid input of single-phase 8 kVAC and is capable of charging two electric vehicles with 500 kW each, at the same time. Therefore, this paper details how high-voltage SiC power modules are the key enabler technology, as well as the selection of a resonant-type input-series, output-parallel circuitry candidate to secure high power density and efficiency, while intelligently dealing with the transient processes, e.g., pre-charging process and power balancing among modules, and considering the impact on the grid, are both of importance.
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21

Mao, Chengyu, Rose E. Ruther, Jianlin Li, Zhijia Du, and Ilias Belharouak. "Identifying the limiting electrode in lithium ion batteries for extreme fast charging." Electrochemistry Communications 97 (December 2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2018.10.007.

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22

Yang, Zhenzhen, James W. Morrissette, Quinton Meisner, Seoung-Bum Son, Stephen E. Trask, Yifen Tsai, Susan Lopykinski, Seema Naik, and Ira Bloom. "Extreme Fast‐Charging of Lithium‐Ion Cells: Effect on Anode and Electrolyte." Energy Technology 9, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 2000696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.202000696.

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23

Cao, Chuntian, Hans-Georg Steinrück, Partha P. Paul, Alison R. Dunlop, Stephen E. Trask, Andrew N. Jansen, Robert M. Kasse, et al. "Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 040540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f.

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Batteries capable of extreme fast-charging (XFC) are a necessity for the deployment of electric vehicles. Material properties of electrodes and electrolytes along with cell parameters such as stack pressure and temperature have coupled, synergistic, and sometimes deleterious effects on fast-charging performance. We develop a new experimental testbed that allows precise and conformal application of electrode stack pressure. We focus on cell capacity degradation using single-layer pouch cells with graphite anodes, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) cathodes, and carbonate-based electrolyte. In the tested range (10–125 psi), cells cycled at higher pressure show higher capacity and less capacity fading. Additionally, Li plating decreases with increasing pressure as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical imaging. While the loss of Li inventory from Li plating is the largest contributor to capacity fade, electrochemical and SEM examination of the NMC cathodes after XFC experiments show increased secondary particle damage at lower pressure. We infer that the better performance at higher pressure is due to more homogeneous reactions of active materials across the electrode and less polarization through the electrode thickness. Our study emphasizes the importance of electrode stack pressure in XFC batteries and highlights its subtle role in cell conditions.
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24

Yang, Chuanbo, Kandler Smith, Andrew M. Colclasure, and Matthew Keyser. "Mitigating Heterogeneities in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules Under Fast Charging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 5 (October 9, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025563mtgabs.

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Temperature control is essential for fast-charging performance of Li-ion battery. Cold temperature leads to sluggish ion transportation of electrolyte, brittle polymeric cell components, changes in solid electrolyte interface (SEI) properties and associated resistance build-up, and Li plating and dendrite growth [1]. High temperature boosts fast charging but can also accelerate battery degradation and increase the rise of battery thermal failure. This is caused by the increased rate of side-reactions, resulting in loss of cyclable lithium and higher rate of attrition of active materials at higher temperatures. Temperature and its gradient in a battery unit strongly affect performance and life of battery units [2]. It is recommended that pack temperature uniformity of a li-ion battery pack in electric vehicles shall be less than 3 ºC [3]. Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are important for controlling battery pack temperature and minimizing temperature gradients to prevent thermal-related issues in Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). This thermal management goal is more critical for fast charging of battery modules made of large format, high-energy-density cells. Current BTMS in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are inadequate in limiting the maximum temperature rise of the battery during extreme fast charge (i.e., 6C charge). To achieve fast-charge, the size of the battery thermal management system needs to increase from today’s BEV average size of 1–5 kW to around 15–25 kW [4]. A combined experimental and modelling approach is employed to access thermal and electrochemical heterogeneities of a battery module under extreme fast charge conditions and develop corresponding mitigation approaches. The electrochemical-thermal model was built based on electrical characterization of 32 mAh pouch cells, including constant-current 1C to 9C rates of charging at varying temperatures. Predictive performance of the model in heat generation was validated by comparing results against measurements conducted using a microcalorimeter. Thereafter, the validated model is used to predict performance of a battery module consisting of six large format pouch cells. The large pouch cell has a capacity of 25 Ah and the identical electrode design of the 32 mAh cells. 3D simulation results suggest significant temperature and charge differences can be produced. The heterogeneous behavior was enlarged along charging. As shown in Figure 1, it was found that electrodes close to the tabs were preferentially charged. Cell electrochemical heterogeneity can be reduced by reducing cell temperature difference. Two potential solutions are investigated using the developed 3D model, including the enhancement of heat transfer within cells, such as increasing cell thermal conductivities with thicker current collectors, and the optimal design of thermal management systems. The feasibility of state-of-the-art thermal management strategies for fast charging is evaluated, including liquid cooling using cold plate devices and direct liquid cooling. References [1] Pesaran, S. Santhanagopalan, G.H. Kim, Addressing the Impact of Temperature Extremes on Large Format Li-Ion Batteries for Vehicle Applications, 30th International Battery Seminar, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 2013. [2] Garimella et. Al., A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, ISSN 1945-7111, 158(3), R1-R25(2011) [3] USABC, Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Requirements, 2018 [4] Keyser et. Al., Enabling Fast Charging – Battery Thermal Considerations, Journal of Power Sources, ISSN 0378-7753, 367(2017) 228-236 Figure 1
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25

Usseglio-Viretta, Francois L. E., Andrew M. Colclasure, Alison Dunlop, Stephen E. Trask, Andrew N. Jansen, Daniel P. Abraham, Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues, et al. "Carbon-Binder Optimization for Lithium-Ion Battery Extreme Fast Charge." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 5 (October 9, 2022): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025566mtgabs.

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Battery performance is strongly correlated with electrode microstructure and weight loading of the electrode components. Among them are the carbon-black and binder additives that enhance effective conductivity and provide mechanical integrity. However, these both reduce effective ionic transport in the electrolyte phase and reduce energy density. Therefore, an optimal additive loading is required to maximize performance, especially for fast charging where ionic transport is essential. Such optimization analysis is however challenging due to the nanoscale imaging limitations that prevent characterizing this additive phase and thus quantifying its impact on performance. In this work [1], an additive-phase generation algorithm [2] has been developed to remedy this limitation and identify percolation threshold used to define a minimal additive loading (cf. figure, left). Impact of carbon-black binder (CBD) loading on electrochemical performance has been investigated through a wide array of numerical methods and experiments on NMC/graphite cells. These range from the representation, characterization, and homogenization of electrode microstructures, battery macroscale modeling, and impedance and rate capabilities measurements on various cell formats. The combined work provides information on connectivity/percolation of the solid network, effective solid conductivity and ionic diffusivity, interfacial area, cell capacity, lithium plating, impedance, and transport polarization at the beginning of life (BOL) [1]. Rate capability test demonstrates capacity improvement at fast charge at BOL (cf. figure, right), from 37% to 55%, respectively for high (10%wt) and low (4%wt) additive loading during 6C CC charging (and from 80% to 86% at the end of 10 min 6 CC-CV), in agreement with macroscale model. Improvements are attributed to a combination of lower cathode impedance, reduced electrode tortuosity and cathode thickness [1]. [1] F. Usseglio-Viretta et. al., Carbon-binder Weight Loading Optimization for Improved Lithium-ion Battery Rate Capability, submitted to Journal of the Electrochemical Society [2] F. Usseglio-Viretta et. al., SoftwareX, 17, 100915 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2021.100915 Figure 1
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Paul, Partha P., Eric J. McShane, Chuntian Cao, Vivek Thampy, Alison Dunlop, Stephen E. Trask, Tanvir R. Tanim, et al. "Multimodal Characterization of Degradation Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries from Extreme Fast Charging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-024482mtgabs.

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27

Huang, Shan, Xianyang Wu, Gabriel M. Cavalheiro, Xiaoniu Du, Bangzhi Liu, Zhijia Du, and Guangsheng Zhang. "In Situ Measurement of Lithium-Ion Cell Internal Temperatures during Extreme Fast Charging." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, no. 14 (2019): A3254—A3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0441914jes.

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28

Nisar, Umair, Ruhul Amin, Rachid Essehli, R. A. Shakoor, Ramazan Kahraman, Do Kyung Kim, Mohammad A. Khaleel, and Ilias Belharouak. "Extreme fast charging characteristics of zirconia modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode for lithium ion batteries." Journal of Power Sources 396 (August 2018): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.065.

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29

Kant, K., and R. Pitchumani. "Analysis and design of battery thermal management under extreme fast charging and discharging." Journal of Energy Storage 60 (April 2023): 106501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106501.

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30

Mai, Weijie, Andrew M. Colclasure, and Kandler Smith. "Model-Instructed Design of Novel Charging Protocols for the Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Without Lithium Plating." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 8 (May 1, 2020): 080517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c84.

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31

Tibrewala, Himanshu, C. Ruhatiya, and Liang Gao. "Efficient battery thermal management system design to ensure fast charging in extreme cold conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 463 (April 7, 2020): 012161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/463/1/012161.

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32

Srdic, Srdjan, and Srdjan Lukic. "Toward Extreme Fast Charging: Challenges and Opportunities in Directly Connecting to Medium-Voltage Line." IEEE Electrification Magazine 7, no. 1 (March 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mele.2018.2889547.

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Colclasure, Andrew M., Tanvir R. Tanim, Andrew N. Jansen, Stephen E. Trask, Alison R. Dunlop, Bryant J. Polzin, Ira Bloom, et al. "Electrode scale and electrolyte transport effects on extreme fast charging of lithium-ion cells." Electrochimica Acta 337 (March 2020): 135854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135854.

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Chinnam, Parameswara R., Tanvir R. Tanim, Eric J. Dufek, Charles C. Dickerson, and Meng Li. "Sensitivity and reliability of key electrochemical markers for detecting lithium plating during extreme fast charging." Journal of Energy Storage 46 (February 2022): 103782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103782.

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35

Nikpour, Mojdeh, Dean Wheeler, and Brian Mazzeo. "Predictive Modeling of Transport and Elastic Moduli of Porous Extreme Fast Charging Li-Ion Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-024479mtgabs.

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36

Brown, David Emory, Zachary M. Konz, Eric J. McShane, and Bryan D. McCloskey. "Li Plating Detection during Extreme Fast Charging of Li-Ion Batteries Using Operando Impedance Spectroscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-023592mtgabs.

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37

Yusuf, Maha, Jacob Michael LaManna, Molleigh Preefer, Partha P. Paul, David N. Agyeman-Budu, Michael F. Toney, and Johanna Nelson Weker. "Design and Characterization of a Neutron-Friendly Lithium-Ion Battery Coin Cell for Extreme Fast-Charging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-024441mtgabs.

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38

Iyer, Vishnu Mahadeva, Srinivas Gulur, Ghanshyamsinh Gohil, and Subhashish Bhattacharya. "An Approach Towards Extreme Fast Charging Station Power Delivery for Electric Vehicles with Partial Power Processing." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 10 (October 2020): 8076–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2945264.

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39

Liu, Ping. "(Invited) Pushing Lithium-Metal Batteries to the Limit: Fast Charging, Low Temperature, and Safety." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 5 (October 9, 2022): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025561mtgabs.

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The performance of lithium metal batteries has advanced significantly, thanks to continuous improvement in the lithium metal anode. Many chemical and mechanical control strategies have been employed to combat its degradation mechanisms such as parasitic reactions, dendritic growth, and formation of isolated lithium. Electrolytes with high salt concentrations, including those with non-solvating diluents (known as localized high concentration electrolytes, or LHCE), electrolyte additives, artificial coatings, 3D plating hosts Li, and applying pressures in the 100s-1000s of kPa range have all been found to be effect in yielding dense, high efficiency Li metal deposits. Despite these advancements, reported lithium metal batteries tend to be charged at low rates, operated under ambient conditions, and lacking sufficient information on their safety characteristics. In this talk, we will review our recent progress in pushing the lithium metal batteries to extreme operating conditions in term of temperature, charging rates, and shorting behavior. To enable fast charging, we have focused on developing a nucleation agent on the surface of current collector that can induce the formation of large, uniform nucleation sites. These nanoscopic sites enable dense lithium plating at 5 mA c-2 of current density, when a planar Cu electrode will fail catastrophically. This uniform nucleation method leads to a 45 um thick Li deposit that is nearly porosity free. A lithium metal cell with a metal oxide cathode is capable of 1C charging for extended cycles. To enable low temperature operation, we have focused on the development of new electrolyte compositions that uses weakly solvating solvents. These electrolytes, represented by monodentate ethers and LHCEs made of ethers, promote the formation of contact ion pairs after solvation over solvent separated ion pairs. These electrolytes have enabled the formation of dense lithium metal deposits at as low as -60oC, while strongly solvating electrolytes will promote the formation of dendrites and cell shorting. Finally, any practical implementation of lithium metal batteries operating under these extreme conditions have to feature safety designs that mitigate the impact of internal shorting. In this regard, we have focused on separator designs that can detect and intercept lithium dendrites.
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40

Mou, Rownak J., and Koffi P. C. Yao. "On the Optimization of Core-Shell Hybrid Cathode Materials for Extreme Fast-Charging: First Principles Computational Insights." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 168, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 020503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abddde.

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41

Gao, Ningshengjie, Sangwook Kim, Parameswara Chinnam, Eric J. Dufek, Andrew M. Colclasure, Andrew Jansen, Seoung-Bum Son, et al. "Methodologies for Design, Characterization and Testing of Electrolytes that Enable Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-ion Cells." Energy Storage Materials 44 (January 2022): 296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.10.011.

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42

Yao, Koffi Pierre, and Rownak Jahan Mou. "On the Optimization of Core-Shell Hybrid Cathode Materials for Extreme Fast-Charging: First Principles Computational Insights." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01159mtgabs.

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43

Colclasure, Andrew M., Alison R. Dunlop, Stephen E. Trask, Bryant J. Polzin, Andrew N. Jansen, and Kandler Smith. "Requirements for Enabling Extreme Fast Charging of High Energy Density Li-Ion Cells while Avoiding Lithium Plating." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, no. 8 (2019): A1412—A1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0451908jes.

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44

Chen, Kaiwen, Ka Wai Eric Cheng, Yun Yang, and Jianfei Pan. "Stability Improvement of Dynamic EV Wireless Charging System with Receiver-Side Control Considering Coupling Disturbance." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141639.

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Receiver-side control has been a reliable practice for regulating the transferred energy to the batteries in the electric vehicle (EV) wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. Nonetheless, the unpredictable fluctuation of the mutual inductance in dynamic wireless charging brings extreme instability to the charging process. This overshoot that appears in instant vibrations may largely increase the voltage/current stress of the system, and even cause catastrophic failure in the battery load. In addition, the speed of the vehicles may lead to untraceable steady-state operation. However, existing solutions to the above two issues suffer from either long communication time delay or significantly compromised output regulation. In this paper, the slow dynamics and the overshoot issues of the WPT system are elaborated in theory, and the small-signal model mainly considering mutual inductance disturbance is established. A simple feedforward control is proposed for overshoot damping and fast system dynamics. Experimental results validate that the overshoot can be reduced by 13% and the settling time is improved by 50% in vehicle braking or acceleration. In constant speed driving, the battery charging ripple is decreased by 12% and ensures better system stability.
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45

Rehman, Waqas ur, Rui Bo, Hossein Mehdipourpicha, and Jonathan W. Kimball. "Sizing battery energy storage and PV system in an extreme fast charging station considering uncertainties and battery degradation." Applied Energy 313 (May 2022): 118745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118745.

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46

Yusuf, Maha. "The In-situ Characterization of Fast-charging Degradation Modes in Li-ion Batteries Using High-resolution Neutron Imaging." Electrochemical Society Interface 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f04224if.

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Extreme fast charging (XFC) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in 10 minutes is one of the main goals of the US Advanced Battery Consortium for low-cost, fast-charged electric vehicles by 2023. However, existing LIBs cannot achieve these XFC goals without significant capacity fade over cycling due to complex XFC degradation modes. One of the key XFC failure mechanisms is dead Li plating on the graphite anode. While numerous methods have detected Li plating, they lack three-dimensional non-invasive visualization of dead Li on graphite anodes in full cells during battery cycling. Herein, we demonstrate the viability of high-resolution (spatial resolution: 10–15 μm) neutron micro-computed tomography (μCT) for in-situ characterization of dead Li on graphite anodes (thickness: ~130 μm) in full cells containing NMC cathode, that were cycled at 1C and 6C.
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47

Üslü, Semih. "Pricing and Liquidity in Decentralized Asset Markets." Econometrica 87, no. 6 (2019): 2079–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta14713.

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I develop a search‐and‐bargaining model of endogenous intermediation in over‐the‐counter markets. Unlike the existing work, my model allows for rich investor heterogeneity in three simultaneous dimensions: preferences, inventories, and meeting rates. By comparing trading‐volume patterns that arise in my model and are observed in practice, I argue that the heterogeneity in meeting rates is the main driver of intermediation patterns. I find that investors with higher meeting rates (i.e., fast investors) are less averse to holding inventories and more attracted to cash earnings, which makes the model corroborate a number of stylized facts that do not emerge from existing models: (i) fast investors provide intermediation by charging a speed premium, and (ii) fast investors hold more extreme inventories. Then, I use the model to study the effect of trading frictions on the supply and price of liquidity. On social welfare, I show that the interaction of meeting rate heterogeneity with optimal inventory management makes the equilibrium inefficient. I provide a financial transaction tax/subsidy scheme that corrects this inefficiency, in which fast investors cross‐subsidize slow investors.
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48

Durganjali, Challa Santhi, Varaali Chawla, Harini Raghavan, and Sudha Radhika. "Design, development, and techno-economic analysis of extreme fast charging topologies using Super Capacitor and Li-Ion Battery combinations." Journal of Energy Storage 56 (December 2022): 106140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106140.

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49

Quilty, Calvin D., Patrick J. West, Garrett P. Wheeler, Lisa M. Housel, Christopher J. Kern, Killian R. Tallman, Lu Ma, et al. "Elucidating Cathode Degradation Mechanisms in LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)/Graphite Cells Under Fast Charge Rates Using Operando Synchrotron Characterization." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 020545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac51f5.

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Li-ion batteries capable of extreme fast charging (XFC) are in demand to facilitate widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption. While the impact of fast charge on the negative electrode has been studied, degradation of state-of-the-art NMC811 under XFC conditions has not been studied in detail. Herein, cathode degradation is probed in NMC811/graphite batteries by analysis of structural and chemical changes for recovered samples previously cycled under XFC conditions and during typical cycling. NMC surface reconstruction, as determined by soft X-ray absorption, was not detected for recovered electrodes. However, bulk redox activity from X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements showed more change in the oxidation state of Ni and Co under the 1C charge rate compared to the 4C rate consistent with the electrochemistry. Increased unit cell volume contraction under the 1C rate as determined by operando X-ray diffraction suggests that higher charge rates may provide a protective effect on the cathode by reducing structural distortion due to less delithiation.
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50

An, Kihun, Yen Hai Thi Tran, Sehyun Kwak, Seong Jun Park, and Seung-Wan Song. "Enhanced Safety, High-Rate and High-Voltage Performance of a Lithium-Ion Battery Using Nonflammable Liquid Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012314mtgabs.

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These days lithium-ion battery (LIB) market is rapidly expanding by electric mobilities and stationary energy storage system industries. One of the biggest challenges in the research and development of advanced LIB is to achieve simultaneously outstanding energy density, cycle life, charge rate, and safety. For fast charging, battery chemistry and reaction kinetics are being evolved from the current hours scale toward minutes scale charging. In the LIB electrolyte perspective, the conventional carbonate-based liquid electrolyte has several limitations in safety and high-rate and high-voltage performance, due to low thermal and anodic stabilities under extreme operation conditions like high temperature, high-current, and high-voltage. To mitigate those issues, we have been developing new and safe electrolyte without any trade-off with cycling performance and energy density of Li-ion batteries. Herein, we present high-rate and high-voltage cycling performance and high safety of nickel-rich cathode-based lithium-ion full-cell fabricated with nonflammable liquid electrolyte. The correlation between the stability of nonflammable liquid electrolyte and its derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and performance will be discussed in this meeting. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Research Foundation grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. 2019R1A2C1084024).
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