Relevant bibliographies by topics / Extraterrestrial water

Academic literature on the topic 'Extraterrestrial water'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Extraterrestrial water"

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Zolensky, M. E. "Extraterrestrial Water." Elements 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.1.1.39.

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Baker, Victor R., James M. Dohm, Alberto G. Fair�n, Ty P. A. Ferr�, Justin C. Ferris, Hideaki Miyamoto, and Dirk Schulze-Makuch. "Extraterrestrial hydrogeology." Hydrogeology Journal 13, no. 1 (February 26, 2005): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0433-2.

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Chan, Queenie H. S., Michael E. Zolensky, Yoko Kebukawa, Marc Fries, Motoo Ito, Andrew Steele, Zia Rahman, et al. "Organic matter in extraterrestrial water-bearing salt crystals." Science Advances 4, no. 1 (January 2018): eaao3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao3521.

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Rahma, Siti Nur, Suliyanah Suliyanah, and Abdul Halim. "How do Astrophysics and the Qur'an Perceive the Extraterrestrial Life? A Qualitative Study." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 10, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jpf.v10i2.7433.

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The topic of extraterrestrial life is still only a theory and the truth is still being investigated. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the beginning formation of the universe according to astrophysics and the Qur’an, astrophysics discoveries about extraterrestrial life, and letters in the Qur’an that hint at extraterrestrial life, as well as analyzing the relationship between astrophysics and letters in the Qur’an related to extraterrestrial life. This research is qualitative research with a method consisting of library research and interviews. The primary data of this research comes from scientific articles of previous research, relevant books, and interpretations of Qur’an verses. The secondary data were obtained through the results of interviews with experts. The data analysis technique in this study was adapted from the analysis technique of Miles Huberman, while the verses of the Qur’an used the Kemenag interpretation with a scientific interpretation style. The results show that in line with the astrophysical discoveries, the creation of the universe and the existence of extraterrestrial life are also hinted at in the Qur'an. In addition, the alleged presence of water on other planets also supports the signs in the Qur'an. Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is no dichotomy between astrophysical discoveries and signs in the Qur'an regarding extraterrestrial life.
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Potapov, Alexey, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Zelia Dionnet, Andrea Longobardo, Cornelia Jäger, Giuseppe Baratta, Alessandra Rotundi, and Thomas Henning. "Exploring Refractory Organics in Extraterrestrial Particles." Astrophysical Journal 935, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7f32.

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Abstract The origin of organic compounds detected in meteorites and comets, some of which could have served as precursors of life on Earth, remains an open question. The aim of the present study is to make one more step in revealing the nature and composition of organic materials of extraterrestrial particles by comparing infrared spectra of laboratory-made refractory organic residues to spectra of cometary particles returned by the Stardust mission, interplanetary dust particles, and meteorites. Our results reinforce the idea of a pathway for the formation of refractory organics through energetic and thermal processing of molecular ices in the solar nebula. There is also the possibility that some of the organic material had formed already in the parental molecular cloud before it entered the solar nebula. The majority of the IR “organic” bands of the studied extraterrestrial particles can be reproduced in the spectra of the laboratory organic residues. We confirm the detection of water, nitriles, hydrocarbons, and carbonates in extraterrestrial particles and link it to the formation location of the particles in the outer regions of the solar nebula. To clarify the genesis of the species, high-sensitivity observations in combination with laboratory measurements like those presented in this paper are needed. Thus, this study presents one more piece of the puzzle of the origin of water and organic compounds on Earth and motivation for future collaborative laboratory and observational projects.
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Roy, Robert. "Backwards Runs the Reaction." Mechanical Engineering 130, no. 04 (April 1, 2008): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2008-apr-3.

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This article describes various electrochemical programs that could enable advanced vehicles to generate critical gases directly from water. Energy storage solutions using water electrolysis and fuel cell systems are being examined for applications ranging from backup power systems and lighter-than-air vehicles to extraterrestrial bases on the moon and Mars. The basic architecture of a regenerative fuel cell energy storage system includes a high-pressure water electrolysis system, a fuel cell, a fluid management and storage system, a thermal management system, and a power management system. For extraterrestrial applications, the system would be used in tandem with a photovoltaic array. Recent studies have focused on oxygen and hydrogen storage pressures of between 1000 and 2000 psi, requiring the development of a high, balanced-pressure water electrolysis cell stack and balance of plant to safely manage these fluids. Fuel cell-powered vehicles hold the promise of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, provided the hydrogen fuel is produced from a renewable energy source, such as a high-pressure water electrolyzer operating from wind, solar, or nuclear power.
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Biddanda, Bopaiah, Anthony Weinke, Ian Stone, Scott Kendall, Phil Hartmeyer, Wayne Lusardi, Stephanie Gandulla, John Bright, and Steven Ruberg. "Extant Earthly Microbial Mats and Microbialites as Models for Exploration of Life in Extraterrestrial Mat Worlds." Life 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090883.

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As we expand the search for life beyond Earth, a water-dominated planet, we turn our eyes to other aquatic worlds. Microbial life found in Earth’s many extreme habitats are considered useful analogs to life forms we are likely to find in extraterrestrial bodies of water. Modern-day benthic microbial mats inhabiting the low-oxygen, high-sulfur submerged sinkholes of temperate Lake Huron (Michigan, USA) and microbialites inhabiting the shallow, high-carbonate waters of subtropical Laguna Bacalar (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico) serve as potential working models for exploration of extraterrestrial life. In Lake Huron, delicate mats comprising motile filaments of purple-pigmented cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis and pigment-free chemosynthetic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria lie atop soft, organic-rich sediments. In Laguna Bacalar, lithification by cyanobacteria forms massive carbonate reef structures along the shoreline. Herein, we document studies of these two distinct earthly microbial mat ecosystems and ponder how similar or modified methods of study (e.g., robotics) would be applicable to prospective mat worlds in other planets and their moons (e.g., subsurface Mars and under-ice oceans of Europa). Further studies of modern-day microbial mat and microbialite ecosystems can add to the knowledge of Earth’s biodiversity and guide the search for life in extraterrestrial hydrospheres.
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Pavlov, Anatoly, Vladimir Cheptsov, Denis Tsurkov, Vladimir Lomasov, Dmitry Frolov, and Gennady Vasiliev. "Survival of Radioresistant Bacteria on Europa’s Surface after Pulse Ejection of Subsurface Ocean Water." Geosciences 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010009.

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We briefly present preliminary results of our study of the radioresistant bacteria in a low temperature and pressure and high-radiation environment and hypothesize the ability of microorganisms to survive extraterrestrial high-radiation environments, such as the icy surface of Jupiter’s moon, Europa. In this study, samples containing a strain of Deinococcus radiodurans VKM B-1422T embedded into a simulated version of Europa’s ice were put under extreme environmental (−130 °C, 0.01 mbar) and radiation conditions using a specially designed experimental vacuum chamber. The samples were irradiated with 5, 10, 50, and 100 kGy doses and subsequently studied for residual viable cells. We estimate the limit of the accumulated dose that viable cells in those conditions could withstand at 50 kGy. Combining our numerical modelling of the accumulated dose in ice with observations of water eruption events on Europa, we hypothesize that in the case of such events, it is possible that putative extraterrestrial organisms might retain viability in a dormant state for up to 10,000 years, and could be sampled and studied by future probe missions.
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He, Lichen, Chao Wang, Guang Zhang, Yong Pang, and Wei Yao. "A novel auger-based system for extraterrestrial in-situ water resource extraction." Icarus 367 (October 2021): 114552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114552.

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Holladay, J. D., K. P. Brooks, P. Humble, J. Hu, and T. M. Simon. "Compact Reverse Water-Gas-Shift Reactor for Extraterrestrial In Situ Resource Utilization." Journal of Propulsion and Power 24, no. 3 (May 2008): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.28589.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extraterrestrial water"

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McCann, John James. "A molecular simulation study of amorphous solid water under extraterrestrial conditions." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24897.

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This thesis studies Amorphous Solid Water (ASW) using Molecular Dynamics for the purpose of investigating what governs asteroid, planet and comet formation, which in turn provides the foundations for life to exist in the universe. This thesis begins by presenting the astronomical background to this study, focusing on our current understanding of how the universe evolved from the Big Bang to its current state, and the role which interstellar dust grains have played in stellar evolution. It is currently believed that the icy mantles which reside on interstellar dust grains in cold dense regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) act as a catalyst allowing the formation of prebiotic molecules. The catalytic properties of icy mantles responsible for synthesis of these molecules depend on the concentration of unsatisfied, or 'dangling', ASW hydrogen bonds within these icy mantles, Observational studies do not detect dangling O-H bonds but experimental studies do. This study suggests that while ASW dangling O-H bonds do exist in these icy mantles, most water molecules exist in a hydrogen bonded network with about 3.78 hydrogen bonds per water molecule. This should be compared with crystalline ice for which all four hydrogen bonds per molecule. Moreover, this work also indicates that there are more dangling bonds in the interfacial region than the bulk region. Work in this thesis also investigates the role that 'shadowing' and 'electrostatic steering' play in ASW growth on extraterrestrial dust surfaces. Currently, it is believed that the coral-like structure of ASW is caused solely by shadowing, a geometric phenomenon. However, this work finds that although shadowing has an influence, ASW growth and its subsequent structure are primarily determined by electrostatic steering, i.e. a process where depositing water molecules are steered towards dangling O-H bonds on the ASW surface. This thesis concludes by contrasting these new findings with the properties and structure of ASW, and describing the implications for our understanding of stellar evolution.
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Menang, Kaah Promise. "A high-resolution extraterrestrial solar spectrum and water vapour continuum at near infrared wavelengths from ground-based spectrometer measurements." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654492.

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Books on the topic "Extraterrestrial water"

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The cosmic water hole. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1991.

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Greenburg, Dan. Just add water and-- scream! New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 2003.

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Greenburg, Dan. Just Add Water and...Scream! New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Greenburg, Dan. Just add water and-- scream! New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 2002.

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Schulze-Makuch, Dirk. Life in the universe: Expectations and constraints. New York: Springer, 2004.

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Davoust, Emmanuel. Cosmic Water Hole. MIT Press, 1991.

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Space Life Support Engineering Program: Semiannual progress report, July-December 1991. Ames, Iowa: Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Space Life Support Engineering Program: Semiannual progress report, July-December 1991. Ames, Iowa: Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Space Life Support Engineering Program: Annual progress report, July 1, 1992-June 30, 1993. Ames, Iowa: Institute for Physical Research and Technology, Iowa State University, 1993.

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Greenburg, Dan. Just Add Water...and Scream! Tandem Library, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Extraterrestrial water"

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Ritter, Scott. "Methods of Water Management, Water Recovery, and Quality Monitoring." In Handbook of Life Support Systems for Spacecraft and Extraterrestrial Habitats, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09575-2_80-1.

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Matthews, Clifford N. "Universal Protein Ancestors from Hydrogen Cyanide and Water." In The Search for Extraterrestrial Life: Recent Developments, 151–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5462-5_22.

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Crooker, Keith D. "Water Recovery and Waste Processing." In Handbook of Life Support Systems for Spacecraft and Extraterrestrial Habitats, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09575-2_111-1.

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"Extraterrestrial Worlds: Life Not As We Know It." In Goldilocks and the water bears. Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472940902.0012.

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Bhatt, Mukesh Chiman. "Space for opportunity." In The Institutions of Extraterrestrial Liberty, 46–63. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897985.003.0005.

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Abstract Space settlers will require air, water, and essential nutrients for survival. Power will be needed for their manufacture and supply with maintenance of associated equipment. The property rights, ownership, and maintenance of this equipment can therefore determine the economic, political, and social structures of the settlement. Current terrestrial law places restrictions on these property rights under the jurisdiction of the founding nation under the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. An alternative transcultural jurisprudence responsive to the new and extreme environments of space is proposed to avoid the loss of liberty in such situations.
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Schwartz, James S. J. "Justice in space." In The Institutions of Extraterrestrial Liberty, 411–22. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897985.003.0024.

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Abstract This chapter argues that the demanding nature of space environments (their hostility to human life; their lack of breathable air and consumable water) create a substantive obligation on the part of any space society to provide its citizens with guaranteed access to life support. Borrowing from Shue’s (1996) defence of subsistence rights, which calls for the protection of basic rights against ‘standard threats’, the chapter argues that space societies will be obliged to protect a right to life support (or to provide ‘life support security’). The ‘standard threats’ to life support security can be diminished significantly by refraining from pursuing space settlement projects that are likely to generate conditions of life support insecurity. It is within our power to determine the material conditions during the founding and early development of space societies. In response to the criticism that providing guaranteed access to life support in space would be hopelessly utopian or idealistic, the chapter argues that there are few known constraints on the developmental pathways of space societies. It is not known, and it cannot be assumed as an uncontroversial truth, that, whenever space societies are founded, it will not be feasible for them to provide guaranteed access to life support. Further, pessimism about human motivation also fails to provide a compelling objection to the requirement of guaranteed access to life support, because human motivation is subject to change on the timescales needed to plan and instigate space settlements.
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"Water Worlds in the Solar System: Exploring Prospects of Extraterrestrial Habitability & Life." In Water Worlds in the Solar System, 775–80. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95717-5.00066-9.

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Gaines, Susan M., Geoffrey Eglinton, and Jürgen Rullkötter. "From the Moon to Mars: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life." In Echoes of Life. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176193.003.0009.

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“But did anyone really expect to find anything?” I ask Geoff, as he shows me the canister that had contained his sample of moon dust from the 1969 Apollo 11 mission. “Well, no,” he replied, “we didn’t think there’d ever been life on the moon. But we didn’t know. We thought there might be organic compounds.” And why not? People had been finding organic compounds in meteorites for more than a century, and no one was quite sure where they’d come from or how they’d formed. In 1834, the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius noted the high carbon content of a meteorite that had fallen in southern France a couple of decades earlier. Meteor showers in Europe were described as early as 1492, and their extraterrestrial provenance had been documented in 1803, when the distinguished French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot featured among the scores of citizens who witnessed the stones falling from the sky above the village of l’Alsace. But the source of the carbon compounds Berzelius and others found in meteorites would remain controversial far into the next century. Another carbonaceous meteorite fell in Hungary in 1857, and the eminent chemist Frederick Wöhler—Berzelius’s student, and the first to show that one could create carbon compounds like those made by organisms from inorganic substances in the lab—found organic compounds that he was convinced were of extraterrestrial biological origin. A decade later, Marcellin Berthelot found what he called “petroleum-like hydrocarbons” in a meteorite that had fallen near Orgueil, France, in 1864. He postulated that the hydrocarbons had formed abiotically from reaction of metal carbides with water, but in the next few years there was a spate of meteorite treatises in which the fossils of an astounding assortment of exotic extraterrestrial creatures were described in minute detail. Louis Pasteur had just presented his famous experiment showing that a protected, sterile medium remained devoid of life ad infinitum and debunked the popular theory that life could burst spontaneously into being from nonliving matter, but now the debate shifted to the possibility that life on Earth had originated with live cells or spores delivered by meteorites from space.
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Atkins, Peter. "A Preliminary Remark: Water and Friends." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0004.

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Water is the most miraculous of fluids. As well as being ubiquitous on Earth and essential for life as we know it, it has remarkable properties which at first sight don’t seem to be consistent with its almost laughably simple chemical composition. Each molecule of water consists of a single oxygen atom (O) and two hydrogen atoms (H); its chemical formula is therefore, as just about everyone already knows, H2O. Here is one odd but hugely important anomalous property. A water molecule is only slightly heavier than a methane molecule (CH4; C denotes a carbon atom) and an ammonia molecule (NH3, N denotes a nitrogen atom). However, whereas methane and ammonia are gases, water is a liquid at room temperature. Water is also nearly unique in so far as its solid form, ice, is less dense than its liquid form, so ice floats on water. Icebergs float in water; methanebergs and ammoniabergs would both sink in their respective liquids in an extraterrestrial alien world, rendering their Titanics but not their Nautiluses safer than ours. Another very important property is that water is an excellent solvent, being able to dissolve gases and many solids. One consequence of this ability is that water is a common medium for chemical reactions. Once substances are dissolved in it, their molecules can move reasonably freely, meet other dissolved substances, and react with them. As a result, water will figure large in this book and this preliminary comment is important for understanding what is to come. You need to get to know the H2O molecule intimately, for from it spring all the properties that make water so miraculous and, more prosaically, so useful. The molecule also figures frequently in the illustrations, usually looking like 1, where the red sphere denotes an O atom and the pale grey spheres represent H atoms. Actual molecules are not coloured and are not made up of discrete spheres; maybe 2 is a better depiction, but it is less informative. I shall use the latter representation only when I want to draw your attention to the way that electrons spread over the atoms and bind them together.
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Beerling, David. "Leaves, genes, and greenhouse gases." In The Emerald Planet. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192806024.003.0009.

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The Galileo spacecraft, named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), who launched modern astronomy with his observations of the heavens in 1610, plunged to oblivion in Jupiter’s crushing atmosphere on 21 September 2003. Launched in 1989, it left behind a historic legacy that changed the way we view the solar system. Galileo’s mission was to study the planetary giant Jupiter and its satellites, four of which Galileo himself observed, to his surprise, moving as ‘stars’ around the planet from his garden in Pardu, Italy. En route, the spacecraft captured the first close-up images of an asteroid (Gaspra) and made direct observations of fragments of the comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 smashing into Jupiter. Most remarkable of all were the startling images of icebergs on the surface of Europa beamed backed in April 1997, after nearly eight years of solar system exploration. Icebergs suggested the existence of an extraterrestrial ocean, liquid water. To the rapt attention of the world’s press, NASA’s mission scientists commented that liquid water plus organic compounds already present on Europa, gave you ‘life within a billion years’. Whether this is the case is a moot point; water is essential for life on Earth as we know it, but this is no guarantee it is needed for life elsewhere in the Universe. Oceans may also exist beneath the barren rocky crusts of two other Galilean satellites, Callisto and Ganymede. Callisto and Ganymede probably maintain a liquid ocean thanks to the heat produced by natural radioactivity of their rocky interiors. Europa, though, lies much closer to Jupiter, and any liquid water could be maintained by heating due to gravitational forces that stretch and squeeze the planet in much the same way as Earth’s moon influences our tides. To reach Jupiter, Galileo required two slingshots (gravitational assists) around Earth and Venus. Gravitational assists accelerate the speed and adjust the trajectory of the spacecraft without it expending fuel. The planets doing the assisting pay the price with an imperceptible slowing in their speed of rotation. In Galileo’s case, the procedure fortuitously permitted close observations of Earth from space, allowing a control experiment in the search for extraterrestrial life, never before attempted.
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Conference papers on the topic "Extraterrestrial water"

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Krizan, Peter, Queenie Hoi Shan Chan, Amy Gough, and Dominic Papineau. "The pursuit of elusive extraterrestrial liquid water in astromaterials." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.8467.

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Bhattacharjee, Surjyendu, and John Eiler. "Triple oxygen isotope fractionation between O-bearing organic compounds and water, and their possible uses to study extraterrestrial organics." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.9678.

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Zuegner, Mario Andre. "Ice moon research – A phenomenon called plume." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.102.

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Based on the observations of the Cassini-Huygens space exploration mission, Saturn's moon Enceladus was found to be a very promising subject in the solar system for further exploration and follow-up research, especially focusing on the potential of extraterrestrial life and its origin. Near its South Pole, fountains, specified plumes, consisting mostly of water vapor and small salt-rich ice grains with intermittent activity were observed at the surface. With supersonic speed the water vapor is exiting the trenches known as Tiger Stripes. The driving force of these plumes are not completely understood yet. In current models, Enceladus is expected to consist of a rocky core, surrounded by an ocean of liquid water and covered by a layer of ice. The observed phenomenon is assumed to be caused by the tidal forces that act upon Enceladus. However, several models try to describe the underlying physical processes. Various investigations have recognized the astrobiological potential of Enceladus, even proposed a concept for a sample return for further research in relation to the subsurface ocean. Cassini ́s existing analysis already identified CH4, CO, CO2, simple and complex organics at an altitude of approximately 190 km which allow the assumption of supersonic speeds. That said, the goal of our experiment is to gain further indices/evidence to support the current models of the plumes. Our experiment takes place on a sounding rocket which gives access to a stable vacuum and microgravity in addition. The achieved altitude with its physical environment provides almost the conditions at Enceladus related to the gravitation. The rocket module contains a pressurized and heated water reservoir which is connected via an injection system with the evaporation chamber. On the top a convergent-divergent nozzle is welded. Furthermore a nozzle cover system and a locking mechanism are integrated. At apogee, the nozzle shall be opened and the fluid stream (assumingly made up of ice, water droplets and vapor) shall exit the module at about Mach 2. The necessary fluid-dynamic data is gathered by multiple temperature and pressure measurements at different points on the module. So, the vapor stream shall be compared to the expectations based on the models. Finally it is to mention that our project is still running and waiting for its launch. Caused through the Corona crisis and the Ukraine war the launch cycle was canceled two years in succession. With much luck the rocket will launch in March 2023.
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Rosa, Isamar, Henning Roedel, Michael D. Lepech, and David J. Loftus. "Creation of Statistically Equivalent Periodic Unit Cells for Protein-Bound Soils." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52029.

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In 2010, NASA was directed to develop technologies to reduce the cost and risk of space exploration and send humans beyond the International Space Station. A central challenge to long-duration space missions is a lack of available construction materials in situ. This work focuses on a novel class of composites that can be produced extraterrestrially in situ by desiccating a mixture of soil, water, and protein binder to create a strong, versatile material. To date, experimental tests of mechanical properties have shown significant variability among samples. This paper focuses on the creation of Statistically Equivalent Periodic Unit Cells (SEPUC) to stochastically model protein-bound composites for the purpose of creating FE models that provide insights into experimental results. Model inputs include the soil granulometry and volume fractions of the phases. Ellipsoidal particles are placed, and protein coatings and bridges are created, using a Level Set based Random Sequential Addition algorithm. Each image is assigned a statistical descriptor and a simple genetic algorithm is used to optimize for a statistical descriptor close to that of experimental specimens. The framework is validated by comparing experimental images of protein-bound soils obtained by micro-CT scanning with those obtained through the SEPUC framework.
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