Dissertations / Theses: 'Extransit'

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Maillard, Rodrigue. "L'étranger à la télévision au Japon : étude d’une extranéité comme énonciation et pratique d’identification culturelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030002.

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Les médias japonais véhiculent un discours identitaire valorisant fortement le caractère unique de la culture nippone par le biais d’une confrontation avec une altérité. Depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix, ce discours s’affirme dans des émissions de variétés qui utilisent des panels de ressortissants étrangers.Comment ces figurants étrangers sont-ils mis en scène dans ces émissions ? Quels sont leurs rôles et quelles sont les opérations de production du message télévisuel qui gèrent leur altérité pour parler du Japon ?Sans porter de jugement a priori sur ce discours identitaire, cette thèse analyse les opérations télévisuelles et les discours de quatre programmes de chaînes publiques et privées selon une méthode originale mise en œuvre grâce au logiciel Lignes de temps. Ces résultats sont ensuite confrontés à ceux d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès des participants et des professionnels.L’étude des différentes manières dont les étrangers sont mis en scène dans ces programmes ainsi que des formes de contrôle qui agissent pour gérer leurs discours nous amène à voir comment la télévisagéité du participant est utilisée pour promouvoir un message identitaire, et à conclure que l’objectivation du « eux » pour parler du « nous » s’opère en fonction d’une mise à distance variable, c’est-à-dire d’un rapport d’extranéité
The Japanese media convey an identity discourse that underlines the unique character of Japanese culture through a confrontation with a certain type of alterity. Since the late 1990s, this discourse has established itself in variety shows involving panels of foreign guests.How is this foreign cast presented in the shows? What are their roles, and what operations are involved in producing a televised message that leverages alterity to speak about Japan?Without seeking to pass judgement on the discourse of Japanese uniqueness, this thesis focuses on the discourse and operations involved in four programs produced by public and private television channels, and analyzes them through an innovative method based on a software called Timeline. These results are then compared with the outcomes of a field survey targeting both the participants and the producers of these programs.The study of the different ways in which foreigners are presented in these programs and the types of control brought into play to manage their discourse allows us to see how the participants’ television visageity is leveraged to promote a message about identity. It leads us to conclude that the objectification of “them” to talk about “us” takes place through a variable distancing process, namely a relation of extraneity

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Björk, Oskar, and Johan Persson. "Informationsmottagning via extranät : En fallstudie av Subaru Nordic ABs extranätsanvändare." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45990.

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Denna kandidatuppsats tar upp ämnet informationsmottagning via extranät. Likt människor kan även extranät och andra kommunikationskanaler ha kommunikationsproblem. Bakgrunden till studien är att det finns ett bristande informationsmottagande hos Subaru Nordic ABs extranätsanvändare. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på vilka faktorer som påverkar informationsmottagandet via Subaru Nordics extranät genom att göra en enkätundersökning. En kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod har använts där data samlats in genom en enkät som skickats ut till Subaru Nordics extranätanvändare. Studien har genomförts på fallföretaget Subaru Nordic som är generalagent för bilmärket Subaru i Norden och Baltikum. Vi identifierade sex faktorer som påverkar informationsmottagandet via ett extranät. Den första faktorn är ”Behov av information” som indikerar att Subaru Nordic och andra företag som använder extranät som informationskanal bör uppdatera informationsmottagaren om sin verksamhet för att de ska utföra sitt arbete på bästa sätt. Den andra faktorn är ”Anpassa information till mottagaren” där det framkom att företag bör skicka ut information som är anpassad till mottagarens arbetsområde. Den tredje faktorn är ”Anpassa information till situation” där vi kunde dra slutsatsen att företag bör sprida ut sina informationsutskick. ”Använda flera informationskanaler” är den fjärde faktorn och slutsatsen för den är att det är effektivt att använda sig av en kompletterande informationskanal för informationsutskick. Den femte faktorn är ”Tillgänglig information” där det framkom att företag bör ha tydliga kategorier för att användarna ska finna information de söker på ett smidigt sätt. Den sjätte och sista faktorn är ”Anpassa rubrik efter information” som företag bör lägga stor vikt på för att väcka informationsmottagarens intresse att läsa information.
This bachelor thesis deals with the subject information receiving via an extranet. Like people an information channel can have communication problems too. The background of the study is that there is a lack of information receiving by the users of Subaru Nordics extranet. The aim of this study is to find out what factors that influence the information received through Subaru Nordics extranet by doing a survey. The methodology used in the study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods where the data was collected through an online survey, which was sent to Subaru Nordics extranet users. The study has been made on the research company Subaru Nordic, which is the general agent for the car brand Subaru in the Nordic and Baltic countries. We identified six factors that affect the information received via an extranet. The first factor is the need of information, indicating that companies using extranets as an information channel should update their information receivers about their work related activities so they can accomplish their work in the best way. The second factor is to customize the information to the receiver, where it appeared that companies should send out information tailored to the receivers work. The third factor is to adapt information to the situation where we could conclude that companies should spread out the information they share. Using multiple channels of information is the fourth factor, and the conclusion is that using an additional information channel for information sharing is effective. The fifth factor is to make information available, which stated that companies should have clear categories for users to find information they need in a convenient way. The sixth and final factor is to customize the headings of the information that is sent and therefore companies should put great emphasis on the headings to make the information receiver interested to access the information.

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Rehbinder, Adam. "Extranet för slutkunden." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-361.

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Detta arbete har för avsikt att belysa problem och möjligheter för företag att utnyttja IT och webbteknik för att kommunicera direkt med slutkunder. Avsikten är att ta tillvara kundernas kunskap om produkterna för att underlätta utveckling av nya produkter, förbättra befintliga, och därigenom öka värdeskapandet hos de produkter som företaget tillhandahåller. Genom givande och tagande av information bör således förutsättningar skapas för förbättringar av en produkts kvalitet och därmed värdeskapande i alla led och för samtliga intressenter.

För att göra detta menar jag att ett kundfokuserat extranet kan skapas. Detta är ett extranet som sammanknyter slutkunder med företag, kunder och leverantörer. Kopplingen dem emellan består i att dessa intressenter har en relation till en unik produkt förvärvad av slutkunden. Ett kundfokuserat extranet är således ett extranet för informationsspridning och insamling där information tillgängliggörs som en webbtjänst för slutkunder och utvalda aktörer om en unik produkt, förvärvad av kunden

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Rören, Jonas. "Best of Both Worlds: A Platform for Hybrids of Computer Games and Board Games." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22398.

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This report describes my work with developing a game for a gaming platform that enables hybrids between board games and computer games. My ambition has been to develop a game that takes advantage of the novel possibilities that this platform permits. Among those are to operate with a combination of the computer game traits of complexity in the games and ease of playing; as well as the board game / card game traits of combining social dynamics around a game session with ability to keep information hidden from other players. This is accomplished by a combination of mobile phones and a computer connected to the Internet. The screen of the computer will serve as board and the phones will display cards and other private information to the players, as well as functioning as the players' means for interaction with the game. The game developed, Wind Bugs, takes advantage of the complexity of game states that a computer easily can handle. Effort has been put into finding mechanics with a level of complexity while still implementing them in way that makes them both playable and enjoyable. Rather than focusing on immersion, which has become common in the design of computer games, hopes are that games for this platform, including the game developed in this project, will give room to social dynamics among the players. Though operating with the use of mobile phones, the platform will not support "mobile gaming"; the proposed setting is a group of players surrounding a big screen.

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Gaudoux, Valérie. "Extranéité et droits voisins en droit français." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020116.

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L'evolution rapide des moyens de communication entrainant l'abolissement des frontieres entre pays, conduit a s'interoger sur le statut des titulaires etrangers de droits voisins lorsque leur production est exploitee en france. Si les etrangers ont la jouissance en france de tous les droits qui ne leurs sont pas expressement refuses, les conditions d'application de la loi du 3 juillet 1985 quant a l'exercice des droits en france des titulaires etrangers de droits voisins dependra du statut dont peut se reclamer les etrangers artistes-interpretes, producteurs ou entreprises de communication audiovisuelles. Ce statut est en effet conditionne par l'application ou non d'une convention internationale et notamment la convention de rome du 26 octobre 1961, qui fera beneficier l'etranger conventionnel du traitement national francais, ainsi que par la qualite ou non de ressortissant de la cee du titulaire etranger dont l'exercice du droit sera soumis au principe de libre circulation des marchandises, de libre prestations de services et de libre concurrence
The advancing expansion and intensifying of international communication leading to the abolition of borders between countries, means that we have to question the status of foreign neighbouring rights holders when their production is exploited in france. If foreighers in france are able to benefit from rights which are not exoressly refused to them, the applied conditions of the law of july 3th 1985 regarding the exercice in france of the foreigh neighbouring rights holders will depend on the status that foreigh performing artists, producers or broadcasting organisations may claim. The status, indeed, depends on whether or not an international convention especially the rome convention of october 26th 1961, is applicable and will permit the conventionnal foreighers to claim the french national treatement. It depend also on whether or not the foreigh rights holder is an eec treaty member, the exercice of the rights will be submitted to the principle of free circulation of goods, free performances of services and the rules governing competition

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Leivo, Maria. "Extranet in Development of Supply Chain." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-60.

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Extranets as they have come to be termed are revolutionizing supply chains and their management. Companies and organizations with quite different internal information systems can now access data from other supply chain members. Information can be shared easily and at relatively low cost. A major benefit that flows from this greater

transparency is that internal operation of the business can become more efficient as a result.

This thesis studies extranet in development of supply chain from case company’s perspective. Finnsementti Oy was chosen as a case company because they had a desire to improve the operation of their supply chain by developing an extranet. Finnsementti Oy is a Finnish cement manufacturer since 1914. At the moment Finnsementti

produces 85% of the cement needed in Finland. Most of company’s business is B-to-B.Finnsementti actively develops its operation and this thesis also supports that goal by aiming to improve the efficiency of Finnsementti’s supply chain which again is assumed to have a positive impact on competitive advantage and profitability.

Based on a CRM study conducted in spring 2005 Finnsementti Oy decided to develop its existing rarely used customer forum into an efficient customer-oriented extranet. Finnsementti aims to improve its customer service, improve supply chain performance and make its order and delivery process more efficient. In advance extranet was

assumed to enable all this. Extranet project was initiated in early fall 2005 and this study was initiated simultaneously. The starting-point of this thesis was Finnsementti’s desire to implement a supply chain improving extranet, and in order to do that, the implementation had to be successful. Due to the fact that supply chains are currently evolving towards networked e-supply chains there is quite lot of existing literature about how a supply chain performance can be improved by using electronic tools. This study concentrates on these facts, related assumption and expectations. It was also evaluated from case company’s perspective how likely these expected improvements are going to realized; is there something unexpected and additional that Finnsementti has not been able to predict? In order to find this out extranet was studied at first from literature and then from case company’s and their employee’s perspective. One of the goals of this study was to determine what is the actual condition for completing this extranet project successfully because only that can enable the realization of supply chain improvements. How to make employees and customers adopt this new extranet and so that they will start to use it actively in their daily activities? The foundation for this part of the study was the comprehensive literature review conducted on supply chain improvements. Based on that, observations and interviews, an expectations theory was built. According to this theory user’s realistic and accurate expectations make a good foundation for accepting a new information system. If the user’s expectations are fulfilled, user will perceive the new system easy to use and useful which on the other hand leads to acceptance of the system. This

expectations theory can be used as a starting point for almost any information system implementation where user acceptance is considered critical.

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Terrazzoni, Laurent. "Infractions routières et situations d'extranéité." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3005.

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Depuis 2002, la lutte contre l'insécurité routière est devenue une priorité nationale. Cette dernière s'est traduite par une politique répressive dite de « tolérance zéro » à l'égard des contrevenants et délinquants au Code de la route. Cette répression, à la fois administrative et pénale peut cependant se heurter à certaines difficultés lorsque l'infraction revêt un caractère d'extranéité, car commise par un conducteur titulaire d'un permis de conduire délivré par une autorité étrangère ou à l'aide d'un véhicule immatriculé à l'étranger. L'absence ou quasi-absence de répression de ces infractions, outre ses conséquences sur l'insécurité routière, est source d'un profond sentiment d'inégalité tout particulièrement dans les zones transfrontières et nécessite donc de nouvelles réponses. Sur le plan administratif, ces nouvelles réponses résident entre autres dans l'extension de la portée transfrontalière d'une mesure administrative mais également par le développement d'un permis de conduire à points propre à l'Union Européenne. Sur le plan pénal, ces nouvelles réponses passent par une coopération renforcée entre les États afin de pouvoir identifier les propriétaires de véhicules dans les cas où le véhicule n'est pas intercepté par les forces de l'ordre. L'instauration de systèmes automatisés de contrôle de la circulation routière nécessite de la part des États et de l'Union européenne un développement de l'échange transfrontalier d'informations
Fighting to achieve road safety has been a top national priority since 2002. It has led to the so-called « zero-tolerance » policy with highway code delinquents and traffic offenders. This repression which is both administrative and penal may however prove problematic should the offence bear an extraneous aspect, when it is committed by a driver with a foreign driving licence or when the vehicle was registered abroad. That such offences never or quasi-never be punished besides the consequences on road safety, gives rise to a deep feeling of inequality particularly in cross-border areas and therefore calls for new answers. Administratively speaking, the new answers lie, among other things, in a widening of the cross-border range of administrative measures, but also in developing a driving licence with a penalty point system specific to the EU. Penally speaking such new answers suppose a closer cooperation among states so as to be able to identify vehicle owners should the vehicle fail to be intercepted by the police. Introducing automated control systems of road traffic requires that states and the EU increase cross-border information exchange

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Johansson, Claes. "Extranet : Vad talar för respektive mot ett införande?" Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-200.

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Nya begrepp sköljer ständigt över oss. Ett av de nyaste är Extranet. Ett Extranet är ett nätverk som består av ett företags interna nätverk där utvalda kunder och leverantörer har fått tillträde till viss information på nätverket. Extranet använder sig i regel av Internet-teknik. Jag har med det här arbetet försökt ta reda på vad som talar för respektive mot införandet av ett Extranet i ett företag eller en organisation. För att få svar på mina frågor så har jag intervjuat personer från sex st företag, vilka har eller håller på att infört Extranet. Jag har också sökt svar i den litteratur som finns skriven om Extranet.

Det som starkast talar för ett Extranet är att de sammankopplade parterna snabbare kan hämta den information som de behöver från varandra. Några företag använder också sina Extranet till att korta ned sina ledtider genom att ge sina leverantörer insyn i sina MPS- och lagersystem. Vidare är Extranet ett bra verktyg för att ge support till sina kunder 24 timmar om dygnet.

Det som starkast talar mot ett införande av ett Extranet i ett företag eller organisation är att det finns ett antal säkerhetsproblem kopplade till Extranet. När de protokoll som Internet bygger på skapades så fanns det ingen tanke på att det skulle bli aktuellt att begränsa trafiken till bara vissa användare. Det är därför mycket komplicerat att bygga upp och administrera säkerhetsrutinerna i ett Extranet. Då ett företag bygger ett Extranet så ökar det också antalet ’vägar’ in i systemet och därmed ökar också risken för intrång av obehöriga. Att reda ut vilka användare som skall ha vilken information är också ett stort problem kopplat till Extranet.

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Akasbi, Moundir. "Une approche internationale des infractions boursières." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020066.

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L'ouverture des marchés combinée aux développements technologiques ont favorisé l'extranéité non seulement des rapports financiers, mais aussi de l'information financière. Les aberrations portées à cette dernière, parce qu'elle est privilégiée, contribuent à la multiplication des rattachements quant aux infractions boursières. Cette multiplication des rattachements s'accentue lorsque la loi du fait causal et la loi du fait dommageable se trouvent dispersées dans des endroits géographiquement disparates. Cette dispersion des éléments constitutifs de l'infraction expose le juge à un dilemme sans équivoque. Au moment où ce dernier ne peut abandonner sa souveraineté dans un domaine de souveraineté par excellence, l'infraction boursière dénigre, désormais, les allégeances aux compétences étatiques. En réalité, avec l'absence de for catégorique, un juge n'a d'autre systèmes de référence que l'ordre juridique international. Au même temps, il est difficile d'envisager un tribunal étatique se convertir en une juridiction de la communauté internationale. Une coordination entre les deux ordres semble plus que jamais imminente. L'infraction boursière dans un marché mondialisé par essence relate une problématique assez particulière. L'exposé de cette situation renforce la préoccupation qui touche au décalage entre le marché international dévoreur de frontières et le droit pénal, espace de souveraineté par excellence. Afin de détourner cette impasse, le "réactionnisme" de la communauté internationale se révéle plus cohérent à la nature de l'infraction. Cette solution apparente, face à la résistance des droits internes, reste dubitative ce qui pose la question sur son efficacité.

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Netanda, Rendani Sipho. "Effectiveness of the extranet as a communication tool in higher education: a case study of University of South Africa." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1334.

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A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2013.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the extranet as a communication tool in higher education institutions. The study used the case study of myUnisa - an extranet used at the University of South Africa. This was a mixed-methods research and had applied the quantitative and qualitative methods. This was a multistage study which went through two stages. In the first stage the researcher utilised the questionnaire to collect data from the students. Initially, the questionnaire was intended to be self-administered to allow students to complete them on their own, but difficulties to meet some of the sampled students on one-to-one encounter alternatively led to telephonic interviews on which the role of the researcher was to interview, and to tick and write down the responses of the respondents. Four hundred students were sampled using the online randomizer programme available on the internet. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 18 was used to analyse qualitative data. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews with two key staff members from each of the department sampled were held and an analysis was done using thematic categorization. The study found that myUnisa is used by different UNISA departments and students for communications. However, although many students and staff members considered myUnisa useful, not all regarded it as effective. In-depth interviews with lecturers showed that myUnisa is both a useful and an effective online communication channel for engaging into communications with the students. An analysis of the responses led to the development of an extranet model for implementation in higher education institution. A number of recommendations were made and suggestions for future research considerations were also given.

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Quigley, Kenneth J. "The design and implementation of the Megacomm Media Center's extranet." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2005. http://165.236.235.140/lib/KQuigley2005.pdf.

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Ghosh, Maitrayee, and Maya Avasia. "Intranet, Extranet and Internet: Information Management and sharing in Libraries." Allied Publisher, New Delhi, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105549.

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The advances in library net working technology has brought an inexpensive way of distributing and sharing information within the organization as well as libraries located in remote areas.The advantages of Intranet, Extranet and Internet being numerous, includes streamlining of the information processing and management, facilitating information dissemination and enriching communications and collaborations. Attempts have been made to discuss opportunities provided by these three advanced networks enabling librarians and information professionals in efficient collection development, management and serving users with value added information at ease.

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Au, Wai Ki Richard. "Agent-based one-shot authorisation scheme in a commercial extranet environment." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16708/.

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The enormous growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web has provided the opportunity for an enterprise to extend its boundaries in the global business environment. While commercial functions can be shared among a variety of strategic allies - including business partners and customers, extranets appear to be the cost-effective solution to providing global connectivity for different user groups. Because extranets allow third-party users into corporate networks, they need to be extremely secure and external access needs to be highly controllable. Access control and authorisation mechanisms must be in place to regulate user access to information/resources in a manner that is consistent with the current set of policies and practices both at intra-organisational and cross-organisational levels. In the business-to-customer (B2C) e-commerce setting, a service provider faces a wide spectrum of new customers, who may not have pre-existing relationships established. Thus the authorisation problem is particularly complex. In this thesis, a new authorisation scheme is proposed to facilitate the service provider to establish trust with potential customers, grant access privileges to legitimate users and enforce access control in a diversified commercial environment. Four modules with a number of innovative components and mechanisms suitable for distributed authorisation on extranets are developed: * One-shot Authorisation Module - One-shot authorisation token is designed as a flexible and secure credential for access control enforcement in client/server systems; * Token-Based Trust Establishment Module - Trust token is proposed for server-centric trust establishment in virtual enterprise environment. * User-Centric Anonymous Authorisation Module - One-task authorisation key and anonymous attribute certificate are developed for anonymous authorisation in a multi-organisational setting; * Agent-Based Privilege Negotiation Module - Privilege negotiation agents are proposed to provide dynamic authorisation services with secure client agent environment for hosting these agents on user's platform

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Wagner, Gunther [Verfasser]. "Virtualisierung von Organisationen : Strategische Relevanz des Einsatzes von Intranet/Extranet / Gunther Wagner." Hamburg : Diplom.de, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186903899/34.

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Nascimento, Luiz Antonio do. "Proposta de um sistema de recuperação de informação para extranet de projeto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-13052004-140558/.

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A indústria da construção civil tem adotado várias tecnologias nos últimos anos com o propósito de melhorar seu desempenho, entre elas a Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Alguns dos principais objetivos da TI no setor são o de integrar e agregar valor aos processos e ajudar no gerenciamento de empreendimentos. Neste sentido, com a consolidação da Internet, foram desenvolvidas as chamadas extranets de projeto para gestão dos processos e armazenamento de documentos. Com estes sistemas é possível integrar as várias equipes intervenientes nos processos da construção civil, oferecendo um grande volume de informações a cada usuário. A proposta deste trabalho é conceber uma ferramenta especializada que auxilie na tarefa de recuperar informações em documentos de construção civil armazenados em extranets de projeto. As ferramentas atualmente disponíveis nas extranets normalmente possuem apenas mecanismos convencionais, com recursos baseados em busca por palavraschave. Estes mecanismos podem retornar grande quantidade de documentos irrelevantes frente a uma solicitação. Isso ocorre pelo generalismo e pela descontextualização dessas ferramentas. Numa extranet de projeto, o tema dos documentos armazenados é delimitado (a Construção Civil). A ferramenta proposta procura otimizar os argumentos das consultas e ordenar por relevância a lista de documentos recuperados. Os algoritmos de busca e ordenação de documentos apresentados neste sistema são baseados no conhecimento do domínio da construção civil objetivando maior eficácia na recuperação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram grande melhora nos parâmetros de precisão e revocação do sistema quando comparados a mecanismos convencionais.
The Building Industry has been adopting several technologies in the last years for improving its performance, including those from the Information Technology (IT). Some of the main objectives of IT in this sector are to integrate and to add value to processes, as well as to help in enterprise management. In this sense, along with the consolidation of the Internet, the so-called project extranets were developed for process management and document archival. With these systems it is possible to integrate all the different teams involved with the building construction processes, offering each user a large amount of information. The purpose of this work is to devise an expert tool to help in the information retrieval from building documents stored in project extranets. The searching engines available in current extranets are conventional, featuring only keyword search. These mechanisms can retrieve many irrelevant documents upon a request. This is due to the generic nature and the non-contextualization of these tools. The subject matter of the documents in a project extranet is restricted (Building Construction). The proposed tool aims to optimize the user query terms and to rank retrieved documents according to their relevance. The document search and ranking algorithms of this system are based on building construction domain knowledge for improving retrieval efficacy. The obtained results show large improvements on the systems precision and recall parameters when compared to a standard search mechanism.

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Silveira, João Paulo. "Modelo de colaboração e interoperabilidade em gerenciamento de empreendimentos - extranet de projeto." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89493.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil.
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Phairor, Klairoong. "Exploring the impact of the extranet on IFA-insurer communication and relationships." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2004. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3100/.

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A recent series of scandals hitting the UK financial industry has had a negative impact on consumer confidence in UK insurance companies. After assuming its powers and responsibility under the Financial Services and Market Act 2000, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) becomes the single statutory regulator directly responsible for the regulation of deposit taking, insurance and investment business. Strong legislation was introduced to maintain IFAs' independence, prohibiting insurance companies from exerting or persuading more IFAs to promote their products. Fighting to survive in an increasingly competitive market, several insurance companies have adopted the extranet to improve their communication and relationships with IFAs. Whilst channel relationship literature insists on the important role of communication in the supplier-distributor relationship, the emerging role of the extranet and how it reshapes IFA-insurer communication and relationships has hardly been explored. Accordingly, the research problem investigated in this thesis is: How has the extranet impacted on communication and relationships between the insurer and independent financial advisors (IE4s) in the UK? The research problem was investigated in two stages. In Stage 1, face-to-face interviews were carried out to help identify 5 research issues. RI 1: How does the extranet facilitate insurer-IFA communication? RI 2: How does the extranet impact on the use of other communication media? RI 3: How does the extranet facilitate the insurer-IFA relationship? RI 4: Impact of the extranet on communication, trust, commitment, cooperation, and conflict - How does this facilitate the quality of relationship between insurers and IFAs? RI 5: Does the perceived impact of the extranet on commitment have the strongest impact on the quality of the insurer-IFA relationship? in Stage2 , a mail survey of UK independent financial advisors was conducted to explore the research issues. In answering the research issues,this thesis' findings make the following contributions. Firstly, this research found that the extranet has a positive impact on insurer- IFA communication in general. However, it is still not conclusive that the extranet increases two-way communication between them. Secondly, this research found that it is highly likely that the extranet will decrease the use of certain modes of communication especially, the facsimile and the telephone. Thirdly, this research found that the extranet improves certain aspects of trust. In terms of commitment, although the extranet increases the IFAs' willingness to maintain their relationship with the insurer, it does not have a strong impact on the IFAs' commitment to the insurer. Concerning the co-operation construct, it is still inconclusive whether the communication enhanced by the extranet leads to better co-operation between the insurer and IFAs. Likewise, it is still not conclusive if the extranet-enhanced communication results in less conflict between the insurer and IFAs. Nevertheless, it is clear that the extranet does not intensify existing disagreements between them. Overall, the IFAs felt that the extranet-enhanced communication increased the quality of their relationship with the insurer. Next, this research found that the perceived impact of the extranet on relationship quality is positively related to the perceived impact of the extranet on trust, commitment, and co-operation and negatively related to the perceived impact of the extranet on conflict and, disagreement. Indeed, insurers need to be aware that to enhance the quality of their relationship with the IFA, they need to maintain and increase the IFAs' trust in, and commitment to them. At the same time, they should also try to facilitate co-operation and effectively solve conflicts between them and the IFAs. This research found that the extranet has the potential to help the insurer achieve these goals if it is implemented appropriately and effectively. Finally, the findings also suggest that commitment has the strongest effect on the perceived quality of relationship.

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Rudolph, Melanie M. "National freight transport planning : towards a Strategic Planning Extranet Decision Support System (SPEDSS)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7080.

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This thesis provides a `proof-of-concept' prototype and a design architecture for a Object Oriented (00) database towards the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for the national freight transport planning problem. Both governments and industry require a Strategic Planning Extranet Decision Support System (SPEDSS) for their effective management of the national Freight Transport Networks (FTN). This thesis addresses the three key problems for the development of a SPEDSS to facilitate national strategic freight planning: 1) scope and scale of data available and required; 2) scope and scale of existing models; and 3) construction of the software. The research approach taken embodies systems thinking and includes the use of: Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOA/D) for problem encapsulation and database design; artificial neural network (and proposed rule extraction) for knowledge acquisition of the United States FTN data set; and an iterative Object Oriented (00) software design for the development of a `proof-of-concept' prototype. The research findings demonstrate that an 00 approach along with the use of 00 methodologies and technologies coupled with artificial neural networks (ANNs) offers a robust and flexible methodology for the analysis of the FTN problem domain and the design architecture of an Extranet based SPEDSS. The objectives of this research were to: 1) identify and analyse current problems and proposed solutions facing industry and governments in strategic transportation planning; 2) determine the functional requirements of an FTN SPEDSS; 3) perform a feasibility analysis for building a FTN SPEDSS `proof-of-concept' prototype and (00) database design; 4) develop a methodology for a national `internet-enabled' SPEDSS model and database; 5) construct a `proof-of-concept' prototype for a SPEDSS encapsulating identified user requirements; 6) develop a methodology to resolve the issue of the scale of data and data knowledge acquisition which would act as the `intelligence' within a SPDSS; 7) implement the data methodology using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) towards the validation of it; and 8) make recommendations for national freight transportation strategic planning and further research required to fulfil the needs of governments and industry. This thesis includes: an 00 database design for encapsulation of the FTN; an `internet-enabled' Dynamic Modelling Methodology (DMM) for the virtual modelling of the FTNs; a Unified Modelling Language (UML) `proof-of-concept' prototype; and conclusions and recommendations for further collaborative research are identified.

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MoÃŒ?bius, Michael. "B2B E commerce : a conceptualisation and an empirical investigation of the effects of Extranet technology." Thesis, Henley Business School, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247546.

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Couleru, Florine. "Stratégies internet extranet des laboratoires pharmaceutiques : internet, un concurrent de la force de vente des laboratoires ?" Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P108.

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Paquin, Jean-Christophe. "Appartenance et extranéité dans l'oeuvre de Marguerite Yourcenar : appréciation des influences anglo-saxonnes et étrangères dans son oeuvre." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040123.

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Joly, Marine. "La matérialité de l'infraction à l'épreuve des extensions du principe de territorialité." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020088/document.

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Avec le développement de la criminalité et de la délinquance internationale, de nombreuses infractions se réalisent partiellement ou totalement hors du territoire de la République. Afin de soumettre ces infractions comportant un élément d’extranéité au droit pénal français, le législateur et les juridictions internes tentent de ramener ces dernières sur le territoire de la République en établissant un lien entre le territoire national et l’infraction transnationale. A défaut pour le territoire d’être modifié, l’infraction est manipulée. Par conséquent, les règles de sa consommation vont se trouver altérées pour les besoins de sa localisation. La présente étude conduit à dégager une progression dans l’artifice qui consiste à retenir un critère de rattachement, soit appartenant à l’élément matériel de l’infraction mais ne pouvant pas être pris en compte, soit n’appartenant pas à l’élément matériel de l’infraction, et donc ne devant pas être pris en compte
With the constant increase of international felony and criminality, more and more offences take place partially or totally out of France. In order to submit theses offences with a foreign element to the French criminal law, the national lawmaker and criminal courts are trying to repatriate these breaches within the French territory by trying to establish a link between France and the offence incorporating the foreign element. Since the National boundaries cannot be modified therefore the offence is legally modified. Consequently, the rules regarding the accomplishment of the offence will be modified in order to establish its location. The present Thesis leads to enhance an artificial progression which consists in retaining a connection for the offence, either pertaining to the material element of the offence but which cannot be taken into account or, either not pertaining to the material element of the offence which should not be taken into account

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Forêt, Jean-Luc. "Le bien-être habitant, élément intrant et extrant d'une politique d'aménagement numérique du territoire : le cas des Yvelines." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA3005/document.

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La position hétérodoxe que nous défendons dans cette thèse est de dire qu'une des conditions majeures de succès d'une politique d'aménagement ou de développement numérique du territoire n'est pas directement liée au déploiement d'une infrastructure technique. Celle-ci en est pourtant la partie la plus coûteuse, la plus visible et la plus facile à mesurer. Elle est aussi au centre d'un nombre infini de débats et de publications au sein de la société civile et de l'arène politique. Le facteur-clé de succès auquel nous pensons est le « bien-être habitant » dont nous observons depuis presque dix ans qu’'il est de plus en plus couramment invité dans les pages des médias, dans le discours des élus, dans les travaux de chercheurs en économie, en sociologie et en politologie notamment. Mais il n'a probablement pas encore trouvé sa juste place comme outil de géographie, comme moyen de lecture ou d'analyse du territoire, d’'évaluation d'une pratique spatiale, d’'appréciation de la légitimité et de la qualité d'une politique publique. Nous inspirant du référentiel Spiral du Conseil de l’'Europe, nous avons préparé et conduit deux consultations sur le territoire des Yvelines en collaboration avec plusieurs communes et une association d'habitants. Les données des 2200 réponses collectées ont été croisées à celles d’'une enquête de l'INSEE (2014), d’'une étude du CREDOC (2012) et d 'un sondage réalisé par la société Harris Interactive (2015). Leur examen semble corroborer notre hypothèse de départ : le bien-être habitant est un descripteur et discriminant pertinent de la relation de l’'homme au territoire
We defend the heterodox position that one of the key conditions for the success of a digital planning policy is not related to the implementation of its technical infrastructure. However the latter is the most expensive, visible and concrete part of such a policy. It is also at the centre of an infinite number of debates and publications within the civil society and politicians. The key factor that we have in mind is the « inhabitant welfare », which has been more and more invoked for almost a decade in the media, in the speeches of elected officials, and particularly in the works of researchers in economics, sociology and political sciences. But this welfare has not yet found its place as a tool for the geography, a way of reading or analysing the territory, of measuring spatial practices, of assessing the legitimacy and the quality of a public policy. Inspired by the referential Spiral of the Council of Europe, we set up and led two surveys on the Yvelines territory in collaboration with several local councils and an association of residents. The data from 2200 answers collected are cross-analysed with a survey by INSEE (2014), a CREDOC study (2012) and a poll by Harris Interactive (2015).Our analysis of these data seems to support our original hypothesis : the inhabitant welfare is a relevant description and discriminant for the relationship between the human beings and their territory

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Salamon, Jakub. "Návrh intranetu pro podporu firemních procesů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222583.

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The subject of this diploma thesis is the implementation of the intranet to support business processes. At the beginning are defined the basic concepts of the topic. Then I analyzed the situation in the company and the current status of ICT. Based on these analyses, I proposed the intranet implementation process leading to simplify and streamline business operations.

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Couderc, Mathieu. "Identités subies, identités intégrées : les Grecs dans les sociétés européennes du nord-ouest (Angleterre, Etats bourguignons, France et leurs marges) : début XVè - fin XVIè siècles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H009/document.

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Ce travail de thèse entend prendre en compte l'analyse d'un groupe humain évoluant dans un cadre géographique trop longtemps délaissé par l'historiographie et pour une période chronologique élargie par rapport à la tradition consacrée. Les Grecs, qui quittent leurs cadres de vie originels sous l'effet de causes variées (exils suite à la conquête ottomane intérêts économiques, humanistes ou religieux) entre le début du XVe siècle et la fin du XVI" siècle, se dirigent e majorité vers la Péninsule italienne. Certains n'y effectuent qu'un passage quand d'autres décident de s'implante durablement. Or, la chaîne montagneuse des Alpes a semble-t-il fait office de barrière infranchissable pour les Grecs aux yeux de nombre d'historiens. Or, les Grecs se déplacent hors d'Italie, quoiqu'en nombre très restreint : comme en Italie certains ne restent pas et d'autres s'installent. Leur étude révèle des logiques et des comportements originaux par rapport à ce qu'on observe plus au sud (comme l'organisation grecque en milieu urbain). La reprise de toute la documentation disponible mène à l'étude de trois axes majeurs : la construction d'une prosopographie grecque au nord des Alpes l'analyse des comportements sociaux des Grecs entre eux et avec les locaux ; une analyse fine des textes occidentaux que cherchent à comprendre, expliquer et verbaliser l'apparition de populations largement mal connues, souvent fantasmée et fréquemment décrites en des termes qui diffèrent de la vision personnelle que les Grecs peuvent avoir d'eux-mêmes. Toute l'analyse mène donc à une nouvelle approche de la fabrique des identités grecques
The aim of this work is about studying mechanisms of identities' creation. Indeed, The Greeks are people who were leaded to leave Greece because of political (the rise of the Turks), economics (some are merchant) or religious reasons (some became Catholics since the council of Florence in 1439). For these reasons, the Greeks came first to Italy. Few of them decided to follow their path to Northern Europe, towards England, Burgundian States and France. Of course, they were only a handful of them, but we tried to understand who were they and what was their purpose. First we determined what were their number their qualities, their activities and their intentions. Secondly, we tried to evaluate the Greeks as strangers or as members diasporic groups like the historiography traditionally qualify the m. We brought to light that the Greeks couldn't be understood as rigid societies which were never changing: sometimes they were received as strangers and excluded from western societies sometimes not. A Greek could change during his life : he could be a poor and foreigner migrant during a certain period an then become a rich merchant integrated to a western society few years later. The third part of our work was to understand t meaning of the word 'Greek' which is often applied in documents: did the word 'Greek' get the same meaning in England in France, during the early fifteenth century or the end of the sixteenth century? Of course, not. We explained the documentation built a stereotypical speech about the Greeks, about what they were supposed to be, to eat, to wear, to spear or to pray . This is the Greek Identities' Laboratory

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Aledo, Louis-Antoine. "Coutume internationale et opposabilité : recherches sur la contribution du concept d'opposabilité à la théorie de la coutume en droit international public." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020110.

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Cette thèse se propose de montrer que l'opposabilité, en tant qu'elle désigne l'ensemble des effets de droit indirect qu'une norme juridique propage à l'égard des tiers du seul fait de son existence légale, constitue un principe logique inhérent à tout ordre juridique, qu'il est donc possible d'identifier aussi bien dans l'ordre juridique international qu'au sein des ordres internes (chapitre premier, première partie). L'existence en droit international contemporain d'un rapport théorique d'extériorité des États a l'égard de la coutume internationale permet ainsi de penser l'opposabilité de la coutume internationale et conduit à identifier les effets juridiques que génère la coutume envers les États tiers, qui échappent à son effet obligatoire direct (chapitre second, première partie). Mais si l'extériorité permet de penser l'opposabilité, la révélation d'une logique d'opposabilité autonome de la coutume internationale, en tant qu'elle normalise les positions d'extériorité des États à l'égard de la coutume internationale, invite, à son tour, à reconsidérer la problématique de l'extériorité et à conduire une critique logique de la théorie de l'obligatoriété générale de la coutume. Les faiblesses de cette théorie autorisent alors à systématiser les conditions légales de l'opposition à la coutume internationale (chapitre premier, seconde partie) et à proposer une explication légale du changement normatif coutumier (chapitre second, seconde partie)
This thesis shows that opposability, having as object to identify the indirect legal effects that a legal norm generates with regard to third parties by the sole means of its lawful existence, constitutes a logical principle inherent in every legal order which it is possible to identify in the international order as well as in internal orders (chapter 1, part I). In contemporary international law there exists the theoretical possibility for states to remain not directly forced by an international custom, therefore allowing thinking opposability of international custom. Thus leading to identify the legal effects, which the custom generates towards, third states who escape its compulsory nature (chapter 2, part I). Nonetheless, if exteriority allows to think opposability, the identification of an opposability reasoning, in as much as it normalizes the exteriority position of the states as regards the international custom, enables in its turn to reconsider the problem of exteriority and to further develop a logical critic of the theory of custom being generally compulsory. The weaknesses of this theory permit to organize the legal conditions of opposition to international custom (chapter 1, part ii) and to suggest a legal explanation of change of customary law (chapter 2, part II)

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Tahssain, Loubna. "Etude des comportements d'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) par les utilisateurs : une approche par le processus : cas d'un extranet dans le milieu universitaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32079.

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Ces dernières années ont été marquées par la montée en puissance des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) dans tous les domaines d’activités. Les TIC jouent un rôle crucial pour faire face aux nouvelles logiques qui renvoient essentiellement au développement de la notion d’urgence et du temps réel. Si les TIC produisent des effets comme le partage de l’information (Rice, 1984), le développement de la communication (Reix, 1999) et la responsabilisation des utilisateurs (Millman et Hartwick, 1987), il n’en demeure pas moins que ces effets ne sont pas souvent systématiques. C’est ainsi qu’une réflexion autour des comportements d’usage mérite d’être mise en avant pour comprendre pourquoi les objectifs escomptés ne sont pas toujours atteints. L’usage des TIC est un concept complexe et suscite des interrogations aussi bien sur le sens que sur sa mesure. Cela implique le passage d’une vision totalement dichotomique des travaux selon laquelle les individus adoptent ou rejettent les technologies vers une approche temporelle qui considère l’usage comme un processus susceptible d’évoluer et de se modifier avec le temps. Dès lors, l’objectif de cette recherche est d’apporter les éléments de réponse à la problématique suivante : Quels sont les facteurs qui influencent l’évolution du processus d’usage d’un Extranet par les utilisateurs et permettent d’atteindre un usage continu et soutenu? Motivée par une volonté d’exploration d’un terrain d’étude et d’une technologie peu étudiée dans les travaux antérieurs, cette recherche fonde ses conclusions sur une étude de cas longitudinale dans 6 universités de la région PACA. La discussion des résultats expose les facteurs qui expliquent la sous utilisation du système technologique et propose des actions d’intervention pour permettre une continuité d’usage dans le temps
These last years have been highlighted by the rise of the power of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in all the fields and activities. The ICT play a crucial role to face the new logics which primarily lead to the development of the emergency concept and real-time. If the ICT produce effects as the share of information (Rice, 1984), the communication development (Reix, 1999) and the responsibility awareness of the users (Millman and Hartwick, 1987), these effects are not often systematic. Thus, a reflexion around the behaviors of the users deserves to be raised to understand the reasons behind the non continuous achievement of the objectives. ICT use is a complex concept that arise questions on the sense as well as on measurement. This implies a complexity of the vision that is completely dichotomist according to which the individuals adopt or reject technologies towards a temporary approach which they consider the use as a process likely to evolve and to change with time. Consequently, the objective of this research is to answer the following research question: What are the factors which influence the evolution of the process of the Extranet use by the users and make it possible to reach a continuous and constant use? Motivated by a will of exploring the ground of study and the technology little studied officially, this research bases its conclusions on a longitudinal case study in 6 universities in the PACA area. The discussion of the results exposes the factors which explain the under use of the technological system and recommends actions of intervention allowing a continuity of use in time

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Weber, Claudiane. "PORTAL CORPORATIVO PARA GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO: alinhando pessoas, informação e estratégia organizacional em uma instituição de ensino superior privada." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8142.

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This research proposed to investigate how to develop and implant a corporate portal to assist in knowledge management in a Private Institution of Higher Education, based on people, information and organizational strategy. Considering the peculiarities of the context and academic knowledge, more specifically, it referred to a proposal to build a conceptual model of corporate portal for knowledge management in the academic context, based on organizational knowledge of a Private Institution of Higher Education. The research of this dissertation, of qualitative and quantitative nature, is characterized as a case study. The goals were achieved through a combination of two lines of action: the first related to the theoretical construction based on literature, and the second consists of a questionnaire applied to the technical-administrative employees of private institution of higher education (IESP). Based on the methods employed, it was possible to: a. collect the informational and knowledge needs of the IESP employees; b. verify how information and knowledge are treated in the institution in order to be linked to the organizational strategy; c. study the types of existing portals; and d. study the information and knowledge management in private institutions of higher education . From these results it was possible to delineate a conceptual model of portal for the management of knowledge in its tacit and explicit part in the academic context.
Esta pesquisa se propôs a investigar como desenvolver e implantar um portal corporativo para auxiliar na gestão do conhecimento em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Privada, com base em pessoas, informação e estratégia organizacional. Tendo em vista as peculiaridades do contexto e do conhecimento acadêmico, mais especificamente, referiu-se a uma proposta de construção de um modelo conceitual de portal corporativo para a gestão do conhecimento no contexto acadêmico, tendo por base o conhecimento organizacional de uma instituição de ensino superior privada. De natureza quali-quantitativa, a pesquisa desta dissertação caracteriza-se como estudo de caso. Os objetivos foram alcançados por meio da combinação de duas linhas de ação: a primeira relacionada à construção teórica realizada com base na literatura, e a segunda constituída de questionário, aplicado aos colaboradores técnico administrativos da instituição de ensino superior privada (IESP). Com base nos métodos empregados, foi possível: a. levantar as necessidades informacionais e de conhecimento dos colaboradores da IESP; b. verificar como a informação e conhecimento são tratados na instituição de forma a estar articulado à estratégia organizacional; c. estudar os tipos de portais existentes; e d. estudar a informação e a gestão do conhecimento em instituições de ensino superior privadas. A partir desses resultados, foi possível delinear um modelo conceitual de portal para a gestão do conhecimento em sua vertente tácita e explícita no contexto acadêmico.

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Teles, Isabel Vieira Pereira. "Avaliação do impacto das TIC nas agências de viagens online madeirenses." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/2417.

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Presentemente, é uma inevitabilidade para as agências de viagens considerarem a existência da Internet na forma como realizam os negócios. E é logo na definição da estratégia a definir que a mesma deve ser considerada. O posicionamento da organização no mercado, deve ser definido como online ou offline, para que seja possível articular o produto ao mercado que se pretende atingir. O ritmo de inovação é hoje e será cada vez mais acelerado, com inúmeros reflexos nas agências de viagens, o que faz com que o enfoque seja atribuído ao cliente, onde cada vez mais se pretende satisfazer as suas exigências, assim como prever as suas necessidades. Os sistemas de informação, Intranet e Extranet ocupam nesta esfera uma importância redobrada, no sentido em que estas ferramentas são parte integrante do sucesso das agências de viagens e das organizações em geral. A metodologia de investigação utilizada nesta dissertação, envolveu um inquérito por questionário às agências de viagens independentes e pertencentes a grupos nacionais, na ilha da Madeira. O objectivo foi avaliar a importância que atribuem às Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e de que forma a Internet está a influenciar o comportamento e a assessoria ao cliente.
Nowadays, travel agencies acknowledge the existence of the Internet as inevitable to the way that they conduct business. It should be immediately considered in the strategy setting stages. The positioning of the organization in the market should be defined as online or offline, in order to articulate the product to the intended market. The pace of innovation is today increasingly more accelerated, with diverse effects to the travel agencies, shifting the focus to the costumer, drawing more attention to the satisfaction of their demands and also to the prediction of their needs. Information systems, Intranet and Extranet have, in this context, doubled importance since these tools are an essential part to the success of travel agencies and organizations in general. The methodology applied to this essay involves a questioning survey to travel agencies, independent or attached to larger national groups, in Madeira Island. Its main objective was to size the importance that each of these attributes to information technologies and the way that the Internet is influencing their behavior concerning the client’s assistance.

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Strid, Anna-Karin, and Lena Sköld. "En fallstudie av Södertörns högskolas intranät Kurswebben." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Communication, Technology and Design, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-269.

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We have made a qualitative study of what the students at Södertörns högskola use Södertörns högskola’s intranet Kurswebben for and how they experience the use of it. For this purpose we have made a qualitative interview examination with six students. The empirical material has been analysed according to our own analytic model which is based on existing usability theories and consists of the tree parts content, function and design.

Our conclusion is that the students use Kurswebben mainly to keep themselves updated, download teaching material and schedules. According to our study, the students most of the time experience their use of Kurswebben as simple, but sometimes have a reluctance to visit it. The reason is that the students experience that Kurswebben is complicated, boring and many functions do not work or are experienced as unnecessary and irritating. Through a usability examination and a restructuring of Kurswebben´s content, function and design the needs of the students could be met.

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Barts, Nicolas. "Infocentre Recherche : un système d'information, outil d'aide au pilotage de la recherche d'un établissement de recherche. Application à l'Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511415.

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Dans un contexte international d'évaluation de la recherche, la France semble s'engager, non sans critiques, dans un processus d'évaluation quantitative qui viendrait compléter, sinon remplacer, l'évaluation traditionnelle par les pairs. Mais les études infométriques basées sur l'exploitation des grandes bases de données scientifiques internationales sont perturbées par la complexité de l'organisation de la recherche française. Par ailleurs ces bases de données sont inadaptées à l'étude de structures telles que les établissements et les unités de recherche locales. Après une description de l'existant et une étude des besoins, cette thèse expose la conception et l'élaboration d'un Système d'Information, outil d'aide au pilotage de la recherche. S'appuyant sur l'utilisation d'un CMS (Système de gestion du contenu) de type extranet collaboratif, ce système d'information, appelé Infocentre Recherche, est totalement paramétrable "en temps réel". Sa souplesse lui permet de s'adapter dynamiquement aux spécificités de l'établissement ou de l'unité de recherche considéré. Ainsi cet Infocentre Recherche est un instrument capable de dresser en continu un "état des lieux" ou un "tableau de bord" pour ces structures. Plusieurs exemples en sont donnés. L'accent est mis sur le fait que les structures de recherche locales, comme d'ailleurs les structures nationales, ont moins besoin d'évaluation que de valorisation de la recherche

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Madeira, Anne-Virginie. "Nationaux et étrangers en droit public français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020058/document.

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La question de la relation entre nationaux et étrangers en droit public connaît un certain nombre de mutations caractérisées par un apparent rapprochement des deux statuts juridiques et par leur définition. La question est bien celle de la place que le droit public peut ou doit accorder à ceux qui vivent au sein de l'État mais n’en possèdent pas la nationalité et donc celle de l’actuelle signification donnée au lien de nationalité en droit public français. Cette signification semble dépendre à la fois du mode de distinction entre les concepts de national et d’étranger, c'est-à-dire de l’exercice de la souveraineté de l'État dans ce choix, et des statuts qui leur sont ensuite attachés en tant qu’ils sont liés par un élément primordial : la présence sur un même territoire. Ainsi, l’étranger, s’il n’est pas attaché à l'État par le lien de nationalité, est tout de même soumis au pouvoir étatique du fait de sa présence sur le territoire de l'État. Le droit relatif à la nationalité et à l’extranéité est avant tout un droit d’exclusion et de restriction qui conduit à reconnaître à l’étranger moins de droits qu’au national et qui codifie cette différence. Mais ce droit est aussi, en parallèle, un droit d’intégration car il définit un statut de l’étranger dans l'État où il réside et en fait un sujet du droit de cet État. L’enjeu d’une étude des relations entre « nationaux » et « étrangers » est donc de questionner l’actuelle distinction juridique des deux concepts. Il s’agirait ainsi à la fois de réconcilier en la matière les deux expressions du pouvoir étatique : le pouvoir de commandement unilatéral fondé sur la contrainte et la conservation de l’autonomie et de la liberté reconnue à l’individu dans la société, et d’assurer l’équilibre entre une nécessaire différenciation des statuts, en raison de l’existence d’une communauté nationale qui fonde le pacte constitutionnel et qui est à distinguer de la simple société civile, et le respect des libertés individuelles au sein de l'État
The issue of the relationship between nationals and foreigners in civil law is undergoing a number of mutations characterised by an apparent convergence of the two judicial statuses and by their redefinition. The issue is indeed that of the place which civil law can or must grant to those who live in the State but do not possess the nationality there of and that of the current significance given to the status of nationality in French civil law. This significance seems to depend simultaneously on the mode of distinction between concepts of national and foreigner, i.e. the exercise of State sovereignty in that choice, and the status they are then granted, inasmuch as they are tied by a primordial element: presence on the same territory. Thus, the foreigner, if not attached to the State by a tie of nationality, is nonetheless subject to state power by his or her presence on State territory. Logically, the relative right to nationality and foreignness is primarily a right of exclusion and restriction which leads to granting the foreigner less rights than the national and which codifies this difference. But this right is also, at the same time, a right of integration as it defines a status for the foreigner in the State in which he or she lives, making the foreigner subject to the law in that State. The concern of a study of the relations between « nationals » and « foreigners » is therefore to question the present judicial distinction of the two concepts. It will thus be necessary to reconcile the two expressions of state power: the power of unilateral command founded on constraint and conservation of autonomy and the freedom given to the individual in society, while maintaining the balance between a necessary differentiation of the statuses, by reason of the existence of a national community which establishes the constitutional pact, which is to be distinguished from simple civil society, and the respect for individual freedoms in the State

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Chassang, Céline. "L’étranger et le droit pénal : étude sur la pertinence de la pénalisation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100162.

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Le droit pénal génère des distinctions entre étrangers et nationaux, les premiers faisant, dans certaines situations, l’objet d’une pénalisation spécifique. Pourtant, la pertinence de cette pénalisation peut être questionnée au regard d’un balancement, opéré par le droit pénal, entre distinction et assimilation.Dans un premier temps, l’étude démontre que les différentes distinctions en droit pénal peuvent être contestées. D’une part, la pénalisation dont fait l’objet l’ensemble des étrangers ne semble pas opportune car elle apparaît tant superflue – lorsque le droit pénal se superpose à un dispositif extra-pénal suffisant – qu’illégitime – lorsque le droit pénal utilise l’apparence d’extranéité comme critère d’application. D’autre part, la pénalisation spécifique dont font l’objet les étrangers en situation irrégulière apparaît inadéquate puisque, dépendante de l’évolution des règles administratives et européennes, elle revêt un caractère instable et parce qu’elle ne présente qu’un intérêt relatif pour lutter contre l’immigration illégale.Dans un second temps, l’analyse montre, à travers un mouvement d’assimilation progressive de l’étranger au national, que le droit pénal sait aussi se désintéresser de l’extranéité. D’une part, cette assimilation répond à un impératif d’égalité qu’il est possible d’observer dans le cadre du procès pénal, mais également à l’aune de la création d’immunités pénales au profit de certains étrangers. D’autre part, cette assimilation est fondée sur la lutte contre l’impunité des auteurs d’infractions puisqu’elle est commandée par les impératifs de la coopération pénale internationale et consacrée par le mécanisme de la compétence universelle
Criminal law gives rise to distinctions between aliens and nationals, the former being subjected to specific criminalization. But the relevance of this criminalization may be questioned, considering the balance sought by criminal law between distinction and assimilation.First, the study demonstrates that the different distinctions provided by criminal law may be challenged. On one hand, criminalization that applies to every alien is not convenient since it appears non-essential – when criminal law overlaps already sufficient extra-criminal rules – and illegitimate – when criminal law uses foreign origin as selection criterion. On the other hand, specific criminalization applied to illegal aliens appears to be inadequate since, depending on the evolution of national administrative rules and European rules, it has no legal certainty and relative interest to restrict illegal immigration.Then, the analysis shows, through a movement of progressive assimilation of aliens to nationals, that criminal law can also lose interest in foreign origin. On one hand, this assimilation meets to a requirement of equality that one may observe not only in criminal lawsuits but also in matters of criminal immunities in favor of some aliens. On the other hand, this assimilation is based on broader fight against impunity of offenders as required by international criminal cooperation and recognized by the mechanism of universal jurisdiction

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Yaringaño, Campos Dora Lucia. "Informe Jurídico sobre el Recurso de Nulidad N° 2976-2004-Lima. La atribución de la responsabilidad penal a los extranei por la comisión del delito de Enriquecimiento Ilícito, en concordancia con el momento de su actuar a lo largo del iter criminal y la existencia de un pactum sceleris." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19971.

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En el presente informe jurídico se busca determinar el tipo de consumación que se produce en el delito de Enriquecimiento ilícito, así como la posible atribución de responsabilidad penal a los terceros (extranei) que intervengan y colaboren con la realización del ilícito. Sumado a ello, se analizará la figura jurídica del acuerdo previo o pactum sceleris y las implicancias que el mismo pueda tener en la atribución de la responsabilidad penal a los acordantes. Es así que se hará uso del método de investigación en base a la doctrina existente y los pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales que resulten relevantes. En ese sentido, se demostrará que, según los hechos narrados en el recurso sub examine (Recurso de Nulidad N° 2976-2004-Lima), la Corte Suprema debió optar por atribuir responsabilidad penal a la esposa e hijas de un ex General del Ejército Peruano (funcionario público). Ello en cuanto se está ante un delito residual, comisivo de consumación permanente y, las extranei, mediante el despliegue de diversas acciones y transacciones financieras (complicidad material y psíquica), colaboraron en la realización del delito de Enriquecimiento ilícito, aunado a que también se habría incurrido en la realización, en conjunto con el funcionario público, de un acuerdo previo o pactum sceleris

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Forcada, Matheu Núria. "Life cycle document management system for construction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6160.

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La industria de la construcción está fragmentada debido a la gran cantidad de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMEs) y la multitud de fases que forman parte de un proyecto. Desde siempre, esta situación ha provocado una serie de problemas en la gestión de proyectos y concretamente en la gestión de los procesos de comunicación e información.

La mayoría de PYMEs a nivel de gestión de proyectos necesitan poder gestionar y compartir los documentos de la empresa. Esto se consigue trasladando las aplicaciones básicas del PC y utilizando un servidor como pueden ser los Sistemas de Gestión Documental Electrónicos (SGDE). Estas herramientas centralizan la información específica de una empresa en un entorno cómodo y accesible, permitiendo a los usuarios que almacenen, accedan y modifiquen la información.

Además, las grandes empresas, que frecuentemente adoptan las Tecnologías de la Información (TI) precozmente, piden a las PYMEs que trabajan con ellas que adopten sus mismos sistemas de gestión. Actualmente, las opciones más utilizadas por las grandes empresas para la gestión de proyectos son las herramientas web como los entornos colaborativos, herramientas diseñadas para almacenar y gestionar la información de los proyectos. Aplicaciones relativamente sencillas permiten que un grupo de gente como ingenieros, arquitectos y clientes controle el acceso a la información y automaticen su diseminación. El desarrollo y uso de estas herramientas requiere unos recursos técnicos, financieros y humanos mínimos.

El punto de partida de esta tesis es una encuesta realizada a varias PYMEs del sector de la construcción en España, con el objetivo de obtener una idea general de la metodología de trabajo de estas empresas y de sus posibles problemas o deficiencias en relación a la gestión documental.

Desde el punto de vista de las PYMES, el principal reto de los entornos colaborativos sigue estando en la falta de estandarización en la organización de los documentos y la ineficiencia en el flujo de información entre las distintas fuentes (documentos almacenados en los sistemas de gestión documental de cada una de las empresas y aquellos almacenados en el entorno colaborativo).

La solución propuesta para esta ineficiencia y el objetivo de esta tesis es crear una herramienta para mejorar tanto la gestión documental interna de las empresas como la externa. Este Sistema de Gestión Documental para la construcción crea automáticamente la estructura de carpetas para cada proyecto específico para poderlo descargar en el servidor de cada una de las empresa y en el entorno colaborativo que es esté usando para la gestión del proyecto con su consiguiente mejora del almacenaje de documentos e interacción e intercambio de la información.

Para ello, inicialmente se define el flujo de información entre las distintas partes involucradas en un proyecto y se genera un Modelo Conceptual para el Flujo de Información. El objetivo es obtener toda la información relacionada con cualquier documento a lo largo del ciclo de vida del proyecto.

Además, cuando se trabaja con entornos colaborativos compartiendo documentos e información, todos los participantes deben usar los mismos estándares de trabajo. Esta tesis proporciona también una Guía para la Gestión Documental a través de Entornos Colaborativos para unificar los distintos procesos de trabajo de todas las empresas involucradas en el proyecto. Esta guía es aplicable a cualquier proyecto de cualquier magnitud, complejidad y duración. La codificación, organización y control de documentos, y fechas de publicación son algunos de los aspectos que trata esta guía.

Finalmente, se evalúa el sistema a través de distintos académicos que verifican su contenido y consistencia. Se valida también el sistema mediante una encuesta.

Este sistema servirá para demostrar a todos los participantes en un proyecto de construcción que una buena gestión documental es imprescindible para conseguir los objetivos del proyecto.
The construction industry is fragmented due to the many Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and phases involved in a construction project. This fact has led to well documented problems with project management and concretely communication and information processing.

What most SMEs require in terms of project management is the ability to manage and share the company's documents. This is achieved by removing certain core applications from individual PCs and running them on a server such as an Electronic Document Management System (EDMS). Such tools should centralise the information specific to the organisation in an easily accessible environment, allowing users to store, access and modify information quickly and easily.

On the other hand, large companies, often early adopters of IT, demand that SMEs that work with them adopt the same management systems. Currently, the most popular option used by larger companies for the project management is web based tools such as Web based Project Management Systems (WPMS) that are applications designed to store and manage project information. Quite simply project collaboration applications allow disparate groups of people such as engineers, architects and clients to control access and automate dissemination of information. The most WPMS used in the construction sector is to rent a completely developed WPMS from an Application Service Provider (ASP) for a usage fee. The development and operation of this option require a minimum of technical, financial and human resources.

The start point of the thesis is survey carried out in several SMEs in the construction sector in Spain in order to acquire a general idea of their working methodologies and the deficiencies on document management.

From the SMEs standpoint, the main challenge of WPMS still lies within the lack of a standardized document organization and the inefficiency of the information flow from different sources (Documents stored in their EDMS and those stored in the WPMS).

The suggested remedy for this inefficiency and the aim of this thesis is to create a tool to improve both internal and external document organization. This Life cycle Document Management System for Construction automatically creates a folder structure for each specific project to be download into each company's server and into the WPMS which is being used for the project management. This folder structure will be the same to the folder structure of the WPMS with the consequent improvement of document storage, interaction and exchange of information between all the actors working in the same construction project.

To do this, the flow of information between the different parties involved in a construction project is mapped out and a Concept Model for Information Flow is designed to store all the documentation of a construction project and its metadata throughout the life cycle of the project. Different approaches are analyzed to obtain the most accurate solution.

Moreover, when these actors are working with WPMS sharing documents all the stakeholders should have the same working standards. This thesis also provides a Guidelines for Document Management through WPMS to unify the different working processes of all the companies involved in the project. These guidelines are applicable to projects of varying complexity, size and duration. Document codification, organization of folders and documents, publication dates, documentation control, and so on, are some of the aspects that these guidelines are oriented to.

Finally, the system is submitted for criticism and evaluation by several academics with the aim to verify its contents and consistency. A survey is also carried out in 30 SMEs out of a variety of project types, sizes, values, and Project Management utilized to validate the system.

The system will serve as a demonstration for all the participants in a construction project that a good document management is basic for the fulfilment of the project objectives.

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Stark, Laure. "L'internationalité en droit international privé." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCF005.

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L’internationalité est une notion centrale du droit international privé, que celui-ci n’est pourtant jamais parvenu à définir clairement. La construction européenne et les différents phénomènes de déspatialisation induits par la mondialisation en ont compliqué encore davantage l’appréhension, en introduisant une différenciation entre les situations européennes et les situations purement internationales et en remettant partiellement en cause la localisation étatique de certaines situations juridiques, qualifiées de transnationales, voire d'anationales. Les difficultés définitionnelles qui ont toujours affecté la notion d’internationalité gagnent en outre aujourd’hui en visibilité et en importance en raison de l’accroissement du nombre de situations internationales. Dans ce contexte, sont premièrement proposées certaines solutions aux problèmes d’appréhension les plus courants de l’internationalité, ainsi que l’adoption d’une approche fonctionnelle de la notion, qui permet d’en définir les contours avec une précision satisfaisante. Partant ensuite du constat que l’existence de l’internationalité déclenche l’application des règles de droit international privé, qui conduisent à un régime juridique souvent différent et plus favorable que celui qui est réservé aux situations internes par le droit interne, il est démontré que cette différence de traitement résultant de l’internationalité n’est pas toujours justifiée, en ce qu’elle n’est pas toujours commandée par la prise en charge de besoins propres à l’internationalité. S’agissant de l’influence de la régionalisation européenne et de la déspatialisation sur le régime des situations internationales, nous questionnerons enfin partiellement l’opportunité de l’instauration par le droit de l’Union européenne d’une régime juridique différent pour les situations européennes et les situations purement internationales, d’une part, et concluons à l’adéquation des méthodes actuelles de droit international privé pour réglementer les situations transnationales, d’autre part
Internationality is a central concept of private international law, which has however never been clearly defined. The construction of Europe and the several phenomena of despatialization brought about by globalization have made it even more difficult to grasp by introducing a differentiation between European and truly international situations and by partially calling into question the spatial localization of certain legal situations, qualified as transnational or even anational. The definitional difficulties that have always affected the notion of internationality are today gaining in visibility and importance as a result of the increase in the number of international situations. In this context, we first propose certain solutions to the most common problems of apprehension of internationality, as well as the adoption of a functional approach to the concept, which makes it possible to define its contours with satisfactory precision. Secondly, starting from the observation that the existence of internationality triggers the application of the rules of private international law, which lead to a legal regime that is often different and more favorable than that reserved for internal situations by domestic law, it is shown that this difference in treatment resulting from internationality is not always justified, in that it is not driven by the needs specific to internationality. Similarly, the appropriateness of establishing a legal regime specific to European situations as compared with truly international situations is partly questioned. With regard to the influence of European regionalization and despatialization on the regime of international situations, we finally partially question the appropriateness of the establishment by EU-law of a different legal regime for European situations and truly international situations, on the one hand, and conclude that the current methods of private international law are adequate to regulate transnational situations, on the other hand

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Chalas-Kudelko, Sophie. "La coopération en droit international privé : originalités d’une méthode." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100015/document.

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La coopération en droit international privé revêt deux caractéristiques essentielles : elle est visible et elle est technique. Visible, elle est unique par la structure qu’elle requiert, notamment par la détermination d’entités spécifiques au sein des Etats impliqués par ce mécanisme de traitement du contentieux comportant un élément d’extranéité. L’interaction de ces entités requiert un engagement de la part de ces Etats par la voie d’accords internationaux interétatiques ou supraétatique. Technique, elle bouleverse le droit international privé en général. Tout d’abord, elle implique une meilleure organisation du traitement de la procédure par la mise en avant du for compétent au fond. La coopération est dépendante des règles de conflit de juridictions pour sa mise en œuvre, dont le caractère obligatoire varie selon les objectifs poursuivis par les instruments de coopération. Cette concentration du procès « international » est autorisée par la hiérarchisation des procédures qu’entraînent les mécanismes de coopération. On peut distinguer la procédure principale, des procédures accessoires, lesquels n’ont pas pour objectif de faire trancher le litige au fond. Le corollaire est la diffusion de la loi procédurale du for compétent au fond vers d’autres Etats, contraire au principe de territorialité. Inversement, le pouvoir décisionnel du for peut être altéré en raison de l’intervention préalable des entités de l’Etat d’exécution requise en matière de protection des personnes. En général, la coopération crée des règles procédurales matérielles, lesquelles doivent être analysées conformément aux droits fondamentaux de procédure dont elles sont censées défendre les objectifs
Technicity and visibility characterize cooperation in private international law. This method is unique considering the structure it requires to be enforced. Each member State to a convention or a European regulation containing rules of cooperation shall designate specific entities which will be able to cooperate with similar foreign entities for the management of a procedure with external elements. This interaction between state entities implies a form of involvement by the states through a convention or a regulation. The interaction between cooperation and traditional method of international private law are obvious. Both aim to a better organization of proceedings implying extraneity. Cooperation and rules of jurisdiction contribute to a concentration of the debates on the authority which can hear the case because of the strength of the links between the situation and its territory. Most of the cooperation tools create subordinate proceedings before incidental authorities. This hierarchisation of proceedings has such consequences that it allows the procedural rules of the main authority to be spread abroad under conditions. Anyway some mechanisms temper with the ability of this main authority to elaborate its decisions. In matters of protection of individuals, it may be required that such authority shall ask the authority of the state of enforcement of the foregoing decision whether that decision might be enforced on its territory. Cooperation in private international uniformises procedural law for international cases and put forward fundamental rules of procedure, such as they may be found in the European convention on Human Rights

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Rottleb, René. "Das Paradigma des homogenen Enterprise Access Managements sowie ein Vorschlag zur unternehmensweit konsistenten Zugriffssteuerung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1071583567796-84449.

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Bei der Umsetzung moderner Managementkonzepte wie bspw. Supply Chain Management, Customer Relationship Management und Partner Relationship Management werden Anwendungssysteme wertschöpfungskettenübergreifend eingesetzt. Das bedeutet, dass sowohl interne als auch externe Benutzer auf verschiedene Anwendungssysteme eines Unternehmens zugreifen. Die daraus resultierenden Anforderungen werden als Paradigma des homogenen Enterprise Access Managements (hEAM) beschrieben. Zur Umsetzung dieser Anforderungen wird ein Referenzmodell zur anwendungssystemübergreifend konsistenten Zugriffssteuerung (MAKS) entwickelt. Eine entsprechende Realisierungsmöglichkeit in Form eines zentralen Rollen- und Rechtemanagementsystems (ZR2MS) ergibt sich aus der Referenzarchitektur zur anwendungssystemübergreifend konsistenten Zugriffssteuerung (A2KS).

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Rottleb, René. "Das Paradigma des homogenen Enterprise Access Managements sowie ein Vorschlag zur unternehmensweit konsistenten Zugriffssteuerung." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24282.

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Bei der Umsetzung moderner Managementkonzepte wie bspw. Supply Chain Management, Customer Relationship Management und Partner Relationship Management werden Anwendungssysteme wertschöpfungskettenübergreifend eingesetzt. Das bedeutet, dass sowohl interne als auch externe Benutzer auf verschiedene Anwendungssysteme eines Unternehmens zugreifen. Die daraus resultierenden Anforderungen werden als Paradigma des homogenen Enterprise Access Managements (hEAM) beschrieben. Zur Umsetzung dieser Anforderungen wird ein Referenzmodell zur anwendungssystemübergreifend konsistenten Zugriffssteuerung (MAKS) entwickelt. Eine entsprechende Realisierungsmöglichkeit in Form eines zentralen Rollen- und Rechtemanagementsystems (ZR2MS) ergibt sich aus der Referenzarchitektur zur anwendungssystemübergreifend konsistenten Zugriffssteuerung (A2KS).

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40

Petchezi, Awedeou. "Le transfert international de monnaie : aspect du régime juridique des systèmes de paiement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10427.

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La monnaie est au coeur des rapports de droit et d’obligation qui se créent dans les transactions des plus simples au plus complexes. Cette prépondérance de la monnaie trouve sa justification dans ses fonctions juridiques et économiques d’instrument de mesure, de réserve de la valeur de biens et services, et également de sa fonction de moyen de paiement. Les flux quotidiens de monnaie révèlent cette importance. Si ces rapports de droit doublés d’une dimension économique sont habituellement confinés dans un cadre géographique étatique, ils suivent aujourd’hui une tendance à l’internationalisation. La circulation de la monnaie suit la même tendance en dépassant le simple cadre des États. Pour assurer le transfert de la monnaie par-delà les frontières, diverses techniques ont pendant longtemps été utilisées. Les premières apparurent dans les foires du Moyen Âge avec l’utilisation des effets de commerce (lettre de change et billet à ordre) et plus tardivement du chèque. Ces premières techniques traditionnelles qui ont la particularité de reposer sur du support papier déclinent et cèdent la place à de nouvelles techniques (virement électronique, carte électronique, porte-monnaie électronique). L’exigence de célérité inhérente à l’activité commerciale a fait ressentir un besoin d’innovation qui s’est traduit par la création de nouvelles techniques de transfert de la monnaie voire d’une nouvelle forme de monnaie : la « monnaie électronique ». Une autre innovation majeure réside dans l’émergence grâce à l’informatique des « systèmes de paiement » qui constituent un nouveau cadre de réalisation des transferts de fonds.L’élément d’extranéité inhérent au caractère international de l’utilisation des nouvelles techniques de transfert de monnaie pose la récurrente problématique des conflits de lois. Si pour les techniques traditionnelles de transferts de fonds, des initiatives d’uniformisation (conventions de Genève relatives à la lettre de change et au chèque) ont permis de résoudre à certains égards cette difficulté, il n’existe pas pour l’heure un cadre légal spécifique régissant l’utilisation internationale des nouvelles techniques de transfert de fonds. Il n’existe non plus à l’échelle internationale, de texte législatif régissant les nouveaux systèmes de transferts de fonds. Face à ce vide législatif, ne convient-il pas de prendre en considération la nature contractuelle des relations qui se nouent grâce à l’informatique dans les systèmes de transferts de fonds et de déterminer une « loi contractuelle » qui aurait vocation à régir les nouvelles techniques de transferts de fonds présentant un caractère international ? Cette thèse se propose à cet effet de démontrer la nature contractuelle des divers rapports qui se nouent dans les systèmes des transferts internationaux de fonds. Une telle qualification contractuelle en amont permet de soutenir en aval l’idée d’une applicabilité d’un régime contractuel aux nouvelles techniques de transferts de fonds
Legal relations are based essentially on the monetary obligations. The dominant role of money is explained by its legal and economic functions. The daily flow of money transfers attest this importance. If those legal and economic relations are usually located in a limited geographical area, they now follow a movement towards internationalization. The circulation of money also follows the same movement beyond the simple framework of a country. To ensure the funds transfer across borders, various techniques have long time allowed to make international money transfers. Early techniques appeared in fairs of the middle Ages, with the use of commercial paper (bill of exchange or promissory note) and later the check. These traditional instruments which have the characteristic of being based on the paper declined to give way to new techniques. The celerity required by business, has created a need of innovation. It explains the creation of new techniques of money transfer and a new form of currency: the "electronic money”. Another important innovation is the emergence through the computing, "systems" that are a new framework of funds transfers.The foreign element related to international nature of the new techniques of money transfer raises the legal problem of conflict of laws. If for traditional techniques of fund transfer, standardization initiatives (Geneva Conventions on bills of exchange and checks) seem to have solved this problem, there is not presently, any uniform law governing the international use of new techniques of funds transfer. So, is it necessary to consider the nature of contractual relationships which are formed thanks to computing in systems in order to determine a “contract law” able to govern the new techniques of international funds transfers

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Youbo, Lou Bouinan Sonia. "La lex societatis en droit international des affaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0132/document.

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La recherche de la loi applicable à la société, lex societatis, est incontournable carc’est de cette loi dont dépendront les règles de constitution, de fonctionnement et dedissolution de la société. Mais la problématique de la détermination de la lex societatis enDroit International des Affaires réside dans l’identification d’un mode adéquat derattachement des sociétés transfrontalières à un territoire national. Le caractère transfrontalierdes sociétés actuelles accentue le conflit entre les différents systèmes de rattachement dessociétés traditionnellement retenus par les législations. La pluralité de système derattachement des sociétés est à l’origine de conflits auxquels l’uniformisation de la règle deconflit de lois en matière de détermination de la lex societatis peut être une solution.Le droit des sociétés doit être un instrument au service des affaires, et non un frein àleur évolution et à leur développement. Ainsi pour répondre aux besoins des affairesinternationales, outre l’élimination des entraves aux échanges il faut envisager une adaptationdu contenu des règles de conflit de lois actuelles qui permettent la détermination de la lexsocietatis ainsi qu’une modification de leur source
The search of the law applicable to the company, lex societatis is a must because it isthis law which will depend on the rules of formation, operation and dissolution of thecompany. But the problem of determining the lex societatis in International Business Law isthe identification of a suitable method of attachment of cross-border companies on a nationalterritory. The transboundary nature of today’s societies accentuates the conflict between thedifferent companies of connecting systems traditionally retained by the legislation. Theplurality of connecting corporate system is causing conflicts that standardization of the rulesof conflict of laws determining the lex societatis can be a solution.Company law should be a tool for business, not a hindrance to their development andtheir development. So to meet the needs of international business, besides the elimination ofbarriers to trade should be considered an adaptation of the contents of the current conflict oflaws rules that allow the determination of the lex societatis and a change of their source

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42

Deirmendjian, Élisabeth. "La stratégie d'anticipation procédurale en matière civile." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0068/document.

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La stratégie d’anticipation procédurale en matière civile permet d’effectuer un choix approprié entre les différentes règles existantes en fonction du but poursuivi. L’anticipation du procès et la stratégie au cœur de l’action dessinent en creux le champ de la liberté individuelle laissée au justiciable dans le procès civil. En anticipant la survenance du litige ou en envisageant les modalités de résolution de ce dernier, la technique contractuelle fait de l’évitement du recours juridictionnel une stratégie d’anticipation. Une fois le litige né, le choix d’agir en justice suppose l’évaluation des chances de succès de l’action par rapport au résultat escompté. Seront parfois préférés les modes amiables de règlement des différends, voire le recours à un juge privé en la personne de l’arbitre. Mais si l’action est diligentée, le justiciable devra nécessairement soulever un certain nombre de questions nécessaires à l’élaboration de la stratégie qu’il retiendra pour son affaire. Pour réduire l’aléa judiciaire, plusieurs paramètres doivent être pris en compte tels que l’évolution du droit, de la jurisprudence, la réaction de l’adversaire ainsi que l’office du juge. L’efficacité de la stratégie d’anticipation varie selon le degré de prévisibilité de ces différents éléments qui forment l’objet de cette étude
The civil procedural assessment strategy allows for a proper choice between the various existing rules depending on the aim. The assessment of the trial and the strategy at the heart of the lawsuit sets aside the scope of individual liberty that the defendant is entitled to during the civil trial. During the assessment of the origin of the dispute or the consideration of the methods for resolving it, the contractual technique is a matter of avoiding judicial recourse as part of an assessment strategy. Once the litigation has been entered into, the choice of suing involves assessing the chance of success of the lawsuit compared to the expected result. Sometimes what is preferred is alternative dispute resolution methods, or even recourse to a private judge (arbitrator). But if a lawsuit is entered into, it will be necessary to provide the defendant with answers to a certain number of questions that are necessary for developing the strategy that he will use throughout the case. In order to reduce legal risk, several parameters must be taken into account, such as the current state of legislation, jurisprudence, and opponents’ responses as well as those of the Office of Justice. The effectiveness of the assessment strategy will vary depending on the degree of predictability of the different elements which form the subject of this study

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Lee, Ching-Lin, and 李慶霖. "A Dynamic Distributed Authorization System on Extranet." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35509866395126827399.

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碩士
中華大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
87
Extranet concept is supported business and their cooperative partners for access control sharing authorization information, applications, and operations. That establish secure and trusted environment using both Internet and World Wide Web relational technologies. However these exist some problems. For example, the business has distributed resources in the different node servers and need to determine users access permission during the transaction. We have proposed a dynamic distributed authorization system to resolve the problems in the thesis. The node server can dynamically request authorization data from central management server, then it can independently check user permission. The central management sever can gain better load balancing and improve overall system performance. For achieving flexible permission control, we also adopt role-based access control (RBAC) mechanism in our proposed architecture to provide a more efficient but simple management. Moreover, our proposed architecture has the scalability, flexibility and adjust ability properties.

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李文正. "Secure Extranet Communication over General Enterprise VPN." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14795984964674827322.

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碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班資訊管理組
93
In traditional enterprise data center, a huge amount of investment on hardware and software to keep the data transfer safe and secure. Facing the evolution of network attack day by day, more and more expense are necessary and inevitable on upgrade both software and hardware. However, open source software (OSS) community keeps decent close step on security update which offers an opportunity for better security and less expense. Due to the nature of OSS, the developers are distributed overall the world and different project are built on different style . It is very difficult to integrate various security OSS projects together and to serve in consistent direction. In this thesis, a robust environment is developed to solve the security problem on enterprise extranet data exchange. This solution provides lower expense and faster the security update on basis of OSS. It includes operation interface on OSS packages and a sophisticated graphical user interface (GUI). On this GUI, it reduces the operation barrier on system administrator and reduces the risk on operation mistakes, especially built on different OSS packages. The GUI is written on popular Tcl/Tk language for easier maintenance and low development error.

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Tang, Guey-Ing, and 唐桂英. "A Study on Application of DirecPC Extranet." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03825590591016454460.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系
87
The popularity of Internet and the spread of Electronic Commerce urge current enterprises to build Extranet as a business tool that is expected to bring with more business chances for increasing enterprises’ competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the insufficiency of bandwidth and the network safety are the major problems for building Extranet in enterprises in Taiwan. The plan of “Three-Year-Three-Million Internet users” in National Information Infrastructure had been achieved last year (1998). At the same time, the communication of network was seriously clogged up under the insufficiency of bandwidth and too many users. This had negative influence on the efficiency of Extranet and the willingness of enterprises to build Extranet. The application of wide-band network is the future trend, so this study focuses on how to use DirecPC Extranet in enterprises. This study investigates the application and effectiveness of DirecPC Extranet in enterprises and then finds out the future trend and the application level for the reference of enterprises and academic research.

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46

CHEN and 陳坤成. "The Impacts of Competitive Advantages by Adopting Extranet." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33253999966516202006.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
90
To keep long-term management is the purpose for business. Meanwhile, the business will encounter competition and impacts from inside or outside environment change, like as enterprise itself or the homogenous / heteromerous business. How to run successfully in the competitive and changeable environment? A competitive tool is needed. Just like the saying said: “ Working for complete jobs, should be having powerful tools”. Thus, the call for enterprises with powerful tools, information technology, becomes loud. Upon the upgrading and innovating of information technology, the enterprise has focused on the application of information technology. The traditional process is not fit enough for the variable era. Extranet is a good method to shorten the transaction for enterprise, and is a good topic for research. The network technology --extranet-- with the advantage of cross over organizations, spaceless and timeless has just fit the quick changeable environment. Diversity of facets is considered in this research. Factor analysis, regression, moderated regression analysis are used to reduce variables. And canonical correlation analysis is used for analyzing the relationships between competitive advantages with adoption strategies. The results revealed that increasing enterprise competitive ability, controlling dynamic market are significant for the factor of “Upgrade competitive advantage”. Business network relationship, enterprise constituent and process are significant in the factor of “Business network relationship”. For upgrading enterprise competitive advantage, “Improving decision effectiveness” and “Promoting customer satisfaction “ are the most key factors. These two factors will also affect the extranet adoption tendency in the facets of “Upgrade competitive advantage” and “Business network relationship” that will increase the effectiveness of extranet technology adoption strategy in order to arise long-term competitive advantage.

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Hsu, Min-Chu, and 徐敏珠. "A Case Study about Enterprise Using Extranet to Increase." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93208126345267163578.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系
86
The communication and coordination between enterprises spurred by the global trend must cut across time and regions, thus influencing the markets, channels and competitive environment. Besides, the response of traditional enterprises also declines because of the great expansion of business operations. Furthermore, driven by the geographical dispersion, the decrease of product life cycle and the prompt change of the environment, the response time of enterprises needs to be cut down greatly so as to control the critical point of business and to satisfy the varied demands of consumers. If we looking from the angle of competition, through the share of information, Extranet will effectively integrate information resource among enterprises and shorten the distance between suppliers and consumers. Further, Extranet will increase the interaction between enterprises and create market opportunities, thus enhancing total competitive ability. Therefore, this study utilizes the case study approach to investigate the problems undergone by Zuellig Pharma Inc. when applying Extranet, and the influence of Extranet on Zuellig and its alliances. After analyzing the results and integrating the opinions of experts and scholars, at least six competitive advantages for applying Extranet are provided, including the advantages of homepage, the advantages of marketing , the advantages of sharing information, the advantages of cooperation among enterprises, the advantages of consumer satisfaction, and the advantages of decisions. In addition, when Extranet is put into operation, four aspects of factors must be taken into account and can be referenced by enterprises: ie., technique, management, strategy, environment. Finally, the potential application and the trend for further development are also offered as an indication of future progress of using Extranet.

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Cardoso, João Flávio Novais. "Desenvolvimento de Extranet para o Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto." Dissertação, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59180.

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Cardoso, João Flávio Novais. "Desenvolvimento de Extranet para o Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59180.

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Van, Jaarsveld Rudi. "A prototype to discover and penetrate access restricted web pages in an Extranet." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12390.

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M.Sc. (Information Technology)
The internet grew exponentially over the last decade. With more information available on the web, search engines, with the help of web crawlers also known as web bots, gather information on the web and indexes billions of web pages. This indexed information helps users to find relevant information on the internet. An extranet is a sub-set of the internet. This part of the web controls access for a selected audience to a specific resource and are also referred to as restricted web sites. Various industries use extranets for different purposes and store different types of information on it. Some of this information could be of a confidential nature and therefore it is important that this information is adequately secured and should not be accessible by web bots. In some cases web bots can accidently stumble onto poorly secured pages in an extranet and add the restricted web pages to their indexed search results. Search engines like Google, that are designed to filter through a large amount of data, can accidently crawl onto access restricted web pages if such pages are not secured properly. Researchers found that it is possible for web crawlers of well known search engines to access poorly secured web pages in access restricted web sites. The risk is that not all web bots have good intentions and that some have a more malicious intent. These malicious web bots search for vulnerabilities in extranets and use the vulnerabilities to access confidential information. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop a prototype web bot called Ferret that would crawl through a web site developed by a web developer(s). Ferret will try to discover and access restricted web pages that are poorly secured in the extranet and report the weaknesses. From the information and findings of this research a best practice guideline will be drafted that will help developers to ensure access restricted web pages are secured and invisible to web bots.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extransit'

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