Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extrait de vins rouge'
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Cornebise, Clarisse. "Polyphénols de la vigne et du vin et dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCK058.
Full textAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in industrialized countries. Ours days, treatments target advanced stages of the disease. However, recent studies highlight the importance of preventive treatments and an antioxidant-rich diet in order to prevent the disease. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties of a polyphenolic cocktail, a red wine dry extract (RWE) and a polyphenol, resveratrol (RSV). The results of this study demonstrated that RWE prevented the secretion and the signaling pathway of the endothelial growth factor VEGF-A, involved in the neoangiogenesis characteristic of the most severe form of AMD. In addition, this thesis highlighted the protective effects of RWE on early, disease-initiating events. RWE's anti-oxidant properties not only reduces oxidative stress, but also prevents their damage on retinal cells. In addition, RWE showed strong anti-inflammatory properties in retinal cells, as well as in immune cells. Finally, the results of this study showed that the properties of RWE were superior to those of RSV alone. These promising results underline the value of polyphenols cocktails in the fight against AMD
Romain, Cindy. "Effets et recherche de mécanismes d'action d'un extrait de sarments de vigne et de vins rouges riches en resvératrol et ses oligomères : Quel rôle dans la prévention des maladies cardio-vasculaires ?" Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20199/document.
Full textCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing globally and are now an expensive public health problem. Overnutrition and lack of physical activity are key factors in the disease development. In recent years, studies on the pathogenesis of CVD showed many factors contributing to the development of these complex diseases including overweight, centralobesity, oxidative stress, vascular and systemic inflammation, insulin ressitance or endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of these disorders is the focus of pharmaceutical and dietarystrategies and polyphenols have already demonstrated beneficial and preventive effects. Among the 8000 phenolic compounds described to date, resveratrol has emerged as a strong candidate for the prevention of nutrition-related diseases.The objective of this work was to study the potential action of vine shoot extract (Vineatrol®) and red wines rich in resveratrol and its oligomers, in an animal model of nutritionallyinduced atherosclerosis.The first part of this study was to develop a diet triggering the best early atherosclerosis in theSyrian golden hamster. From this model, a preventive effect of Vineatrol® was highlighted: Vineatrol® induces adecrease in aortic lipid deposition but also improves the oxidative and inflammatory status of the animals. In the third part , Vineatrol®-enriched red wines showed preventive effects on risk factors foratherosclerotic disease and disorders related to the consumption of a high-fat diet. Possible mechanisms of action, explaining the beneficial effects of these wines have been consideredand sough. These mechanisms could involve modulation of the NF-κB and/or SIRT1pathways. The degree of importance of these different pathways will have to be confirmed
Laborde, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes d'oxydation dans les vins rouges : rôle joué par l'anhydride sulfureux." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR20160.
Full textCrivellaro, Guerra Celito. "Recherches sur les interactions anthocyanes-flavanols : application à l'interprétation chimique de la couleur des vins rouges." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR20502.
Full textCastagnino, Chantal. "Etude des polyphénols glycosylés des vins rouges de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2B006.
Full textWe performed the extracting and purification processes of phenolic compounds in Bordeaux red wines. This method allows us to isolate for the first time compounds from five different families, among which two are new. Their structural elucidation, by spectroscopic means and particularly nuclear magnetic resonance, leads to the identification of four compounds the castavinol series, a new glycosyl, a new glycosyl bensofuranic compound, and two hydrated aurones (maesopsine 3-0-glucoside and alphitonine : 3-0-glucoside), two glycosylated cinnamic acids (coumaroyl-6-glucopyranose and an heteroside derivative) and four lignans (mesosecoisolariciresinol, ent-isolariciresinol, (+_)-isolariciresinol and 5-methoxy-isolariciresinol). Catechin, epicatechin and the procyanidins B1 and B2 have been also isolated from red wine and thus characterized with no ambiguity. Aiming to detect the presence of five compounds newly isolated shows that these substances are constant constituents of phenolic composition of Bordeaux red wines
Isorez, Géraldine. "Contribution à la chimie des flavonoïdes : Accès à des analogues de pigments du vins rouges." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/ISOREZ_Geraldine_2007.pdf.
Full textEscot, Sandra. "Contribution à l'étude des protéines glycosylées des levures et à leurs interactions avec les polyphénols des vins rouges." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS035.
Full textAnocibar, Beloqui Ángel. "Contribution à l'étude des composés soufrés volatiles des vins rouges." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20611.
Full textIsorez, Géraldine Brouillard Raymond Fougerousse André. "Contribution à la chimie des flavonoïdes accès à des analogues de pigments du vins rouges /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/999/01/ISOREZ_Geraldine_2007.pdf.
Full textLopes, Paulo. "Etude des phénomènes oxydatifs pendant le vieillissement des vins en bouteille : Rôle de l'obturateur." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21265.
Full textClosures play a fundamental role for the evolution of the wines during bottle aging For this period many reactions take place, in particular those involving malvidin-3-O-glucoside. During this study, we focused on the degradation of this molecule in acid medium leading to the formation of various compounds : 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, syringic acid, malvidone A and various chalcones. The kinetics of reactions and their structures were studied by liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) and structural analysis (ESI-MS, NMR). However, only the syringic acid was detected in various red wines. A nondestructive colorimetric method was developed to study oxygen diffusion through different closures during the postbottling period. A fter 2 years of storage, only the control bottle was impermeable, all other closures were permeable to atmospheric oxygen. The oxygen diffusion was much greater in the first month than in the following months. It was shown that the oxygen diffusion was clearly influenced by the type of closure. Some experiments led directly in red wine shows a slow evolution of its physicochemical composition and its organoleptic properties during 20 months of storage. These phenomena were independent of the type of closure used and consequently of oxygen level
Oak, Min-Ho. "Caractérisation de l'effet anti-angiogénique des composés polyphénoliques extraits du vin rouge sur les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires : rôle du vegf et de la MMP-2." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13090.
Full textMillet, Vincent. "Dynamique et survie des populations bactériennes dans les vins rouges au cours de l'élevage : interactions et équilibres." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR20884.
Full textMicrobiogically speaking, wine is relatively stable since it has gone through two fermentations and sulphur dioxide has been added to it. Nonetheless, some micro-organisms may well develop despite the possible lack of nutrients and presence of inhibitors. We are dealing with strains which were either involved in the winemaking process and adopted to wine or others which show a great resistance to the medium. During this study, we identified various lactic acid bacteria -the majority of them being Oenococcus oeni and Pediococcus damnosus. The former's population usually remains limited whereas the latter's can multiply up to 10(puissance 5) - 10(puissance 6) UFC/ml, despite the presence of free SO2. Acetic acid bacterias are Acetobacter aceti. They are relatively scarce but their numbers may increase as soon as the wine is aerated. During the barrel aging process, lactic and acetic acid bacteria alternate growing and dormant stages despite the addition of sulphur dioxide. The count of viable micro-organisms is traditionally done by numbering the colonies which have developed on a solid nutritive medium. However, the cells which are perfectly well adjusted to laboratory culture conditions are the only ones to develop in colonies. The use of fluorescent substrates revealing a metabolic activity and an epifluorescence microscope have given another dimension to microbiological control : each fluorescent cell counts as a viable cell. The comparison of the number of fluorescent cells with the cells formed on a nutritive medium reveals the existence of a viable but not cultivable population. This population is more important during the survival phase than the growing phase. Once winemaking is completed, the yeasts and bacteria survive thanks to complex defence mechanisms. As a result, their size diminishes. This may be the cause for a consequence of the means the cells developped for their survival
Galvin, Catherine. "Etude de certaines réactions de dégradation des anthocyanes et de leur condensation avec les flavonols : conséquences sur la couleur des vins." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR20220.
Full textNicolle, Pamela, and Pamela Nicolle. "Étude des composés impliqués dans la rétention des tanins des vins rouges de cépages hybrides interspécifiques cultivés en climat froid." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37076.
Full textLa vigne Vitis vinifera, appelée aussi «vigne européenne», est l’espèce la plus cultivée mondialement pour la production de vin. Dans les régions froides comme le Québec, les vins sont majoritairement produits à partir de cépages hybrides interspécifiques (CHI) qui offrent une plus grande tolérance au froid et aux maladies. Les vins rouges issus des CHI sont généralement décrits comme étant moins astringents et plus colorés que les vins rouges européens issus de V. vinifera, ce qui ne répond pas toujours aux goûts des consommateurs. Ces caractéristiques sont attribuables à des différences de composition entre les baies de CHI et de V. vinifera. Une meilleure compréhension des molécules affectant la rétention et la composition en tanins des vins de CHI rouges et des procédés de vinification affectant leurs profils pourrait permettre de modifier leur astringence et contribuer à augmenter la compétitivité des vins rouges issus de CHI sur le marché.Trois études ont été conduites sur ce thème dans le cadre de cette thèse. La première étude avait pour but d’étudier l’impact de l’utilisation de marc de raisin blanc (MRB) en co-fermentation avec du marc de raisin rouge (MRR) sur la teneur en tanins des vins, en utilisant les CHI Frontenac et Vidal. Les résultats ont montré que les vins produits avec du MRB présentaient plus de flavan-3-ols monomériques et oligomériques et davantagede terpènes. La manipulation du ratio MRR/MRB a permis de modifier le profil en anthocyanes des vins finis, résultant dans certains cas en des vins plus clairs. L’utilisation d’un ratio MRR/MRB approprié (30% MRR/6% MRB) a permis une meilleure stabilisation de la couleur des vins sans affecter significativement la couleur. L’utilisation de MRB en co-fermentation avec du MRR s’est avérée un outil intéressant pour moduler la couleur des vins ainsi que leur composition phénolique et volatile. La seconde étude avait pour objectif d’étudier l’impact de différents traitements seuls ou en combinaison (traitements pré-fermentaire du moût, fermentation en présence et absence de marc, addition de tanins œnologiques) sur la teneur en tanins, en protéines et en pigments des vins de Frontenac. L’élimination des protéines par chauffage du moût ou ajout de bentonite n’a pas permis une meilleure rétention des tanins dans le vin. Néanmoins, fermenter le moût sans marc de raisin a amélioré significativement leur rétention dans le vin, notamment celle des flavan-3-ols polymériques (jusqu’à 27,8%). L’addition de 3 g/L de tanins œnologiques dans les vins, fermentés en présence et absence de marc, s’est montrée nécessaire pour augmenter significativement la concentration en tanins des vins de Frontenac. La troisième étude consistait en une étude exploratoire et comparative de la teneur et de la nature des polysaccharides des vins de CHI Frontenac et Frontenac blanc avec celles du V.vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon. Les vins de Frontenac ont montré une concentration plus élevée en polysaccharides totaux et des polysaccharides plus ramifiés que les vins de Cabernet Sauvignon. Ces différences pourraient contribuer à la faible astringence des vins rouges issus de CHI par rapport à celle des vins rouges de variété V. vinifera. Ce projet a permis d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur le profil d’extraction et la rétention des tanins dans les vins de CHI cultivés au Québec. Une meilleure compréhension des facteurs impliqués dans la rétention des tanins dans ces vins a permis de fournir des pistes à envisager pour élaborer des procédés de vinification adaptés à la composition physico-chimique atypique des CHI rouges afin de produire des vins plus riches en tanins, ayant un potentiel accru de répondre aux goûts des consommateurs.
Vitis vinifera is the most cultivated grapevine species for wine production, worldwide. But in cold areas such as Quebec, Canada, most wine is produced from interspecific hybrid grape varieties (CHI) that better respond to harsh growing conditions such as cold temperature and high disease pressure. Red CHI wines are generally described as less astringent and more colourful than European V. viniferared wines, but those characteristics do not fully align with consumers taste and preferences. The low astringency of red CHI wine is largely attributable to differences between the respective chemical composition of CHI and V. vinifera berries. A better understanding of the molecules affecting tannin retention and composition of red CHI wines, and of the winemaking processes that affect their tannin profiles could provide solutions to impact their astringency and improve their competitiveness on the market. Three studies conducted on this topic as part of this thesis are presentedin this manuscript.The first study aimed at investigating the impact of the co-fermentation of white (WP) and red (RP) grape pomace on the tannin content of red wine, using the CHI varieties Frontenac and Vidal. The results showed that wines produced with WPcontained higher levels of monomeric and oligomeric flavan-3-ols and terpenes than wines issued from the RP treatment. Modifying the ratio of RP to WP during alcoholic fermentation modified the anthocyanin profile of the wines, sometimes resulting in lighter coloured wines. A ratio of 30% RP to 6% WP improved colour stabilisation without significantly affecting wine colour. The use of WP in co-fermentation with RP proved to be an interesting tool to modulate wine colour as well as its phenolic and volatile composition.The second study aimed at exploring the impact of different wine making treatments (pre-fermentative treatment of the must, fermentation with andwithout pomace, additionof enological tannins), alone or in combination, on the tannin, protein and pigment content of Frontenac wines. Wine protein removal by heat or bentonite addition did not improve tannin retention in wine. In contrast, fermenting the must without pomace significantly improved tannin retention, especially for polymeric flavan-3-ols (up to 27.8%). With or without pomace, the addition of enological tannins at a minimal rate of 3 g/L, was necessary to increase tannin concentration in Frontenac wine significantly.The third study explored the content and, to some extent, the molecular weight and structure of the polysaccharides from the CHI Frontenac and Frontenac Blanc, in comparison with wines from theV. vinifera variety Cabernet Sauvignon. Frontenac wines showed a higher concentration of total polysaccharides with more branched polysaccharides than wines from Cabernet Sauvignon. Results showed that significant differences exist between the polysaccharides content and structure of the studied CHI varieties and Cabernet Sauvignon variety. Those differences could contribute to the low astringency of CHI wines when compared with red wines from V. vinifera varieties. This project has brought new knowledge on the tannin, protein and polysaccharide content of red CHI varieties grown in Quebec and how they impact tannin retention in CHI wines. Understanding the chemistry of phenolic compounds and macromolecules in CHI wines made possible the development of new wine making processes adapted to the atypical biochemical composition of red CHI wine. As such, results from this study provide new venues to vary and improve the style and the quality of CHI wines and better meet consumers taste and preferences.
Vitis vinifera is the most cultivated grapevine species for wine production, worldwide. But in cold areas such as Quebec, Canada, most wine is produced from interspecific hybrid grape varieties (CHI) that better respond to harsh growing conditions such as cold temperature and high disease pressure. Red CHI wines are generally described as less astringent and more colourful than European V. viniferared wines, but those characteristics do not fully align with consumers taste and preferences. The low astringency of red CHI wine is largely attributable to differences between the respective chemical composition of CHI and V. vinifera berries. A better understanding of the molecules affecting tannin retention and composition of red CHI wines, and of the winemaking processes that affect their tannin profiles could provide solutions to impact their astringency and improve their competitiveness on the market. Three studies conducted on this topic as part of this thesis are presentedin this manuscript.The first study aimed at investigating the impact of the co-fermentation of white (WP) and red (RP) grape pomace on the tannin content of red wine, using the CHI varieties Frontenac and Vidal. The results showed that wines produced with WPcontained higher levels of monomeric and oligomeric flavan-3-ols and terpenes than wines issued from the RP treatment. Modifying the ratio of RP to WP during alcoholic fermentation modified the anthocyanin profile of the wines, sometimes resulting in lighter coloured wines. A ratio of 30% RP to 6% WP improved colour stabilisation without significantly affecting wine colour. The use of WP in co-fermentation with RP proved to be an interesting tool to modulate wine colour as well as its phenolic and volatile composition.The second study aimed at exploring the impact of different wine making treatments (pre-fermentative treatment of the must, fermentation with andwithout pomace, additionof enological tannins), alone or in combination, on the tannin, protein and pigment content of Frontenac wines. Wine protein removal by heat or bentonite addition did not improve tannin retention in wine. In contrast, fermenting the must without pomace significantly improved tannin retention, especially for polymeric flavan-3-ols (up to 27.8%). With or without pomace, the addition of enological tannins at a minimal rate of 3 g/L, was necessary to increase tannin concentration in Frontenac wine significantly.The third study explored the content and, to some extent, the molecular weight and structure of the polysaccharides from the CHI Frontenac and Frontenac Blanc, in comparison with wines from theV. vinifera variety Cabernet Sauvignon. Frontenac wines showed a higher concentration of total polysaccharides with more branched polysaccharides than wines from Cabernet Sauvignon. Results showed that significant differences exist between the polysaccharides content and structure of the studied CHI varieties and Cabernet Sauvignon variety. Those differences could contribute to the low astringency of CHI wines when compared with red wines from V. vinifera varieties. This project has brought new knowledge on the tannin, protein and polysaccharide content of red CHI varieties grown in Quebec and how they impact tannin retention in CHI wines. Understanding the chemistry of phenolic compounds and macromolecules in CHI wines made possible the development of new wine making processes adapted to the atypical biochemical composition of red CHI wine. As such, results from this study provide new venues to vary and improve the style and the quality of CHI wines and better meet consumers taste and preferences.
Lytra, Georgia. "Importance des interactions perceptives dans l’expression de l’arôme fruité typique des vins rouges." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21986/document.
Full textMost of volatiles involved in red wines’ fruity expression are present at levels below or close to their individual perception thresholds. Given the existence of perceptive interactions between them, it is very difficult to determine their real impact on wine aroma. Rather than assessing the olfactive behavior of mixtures prepared from pure products, the main goal of this work was to highlight and study the impact of perceptive interactions on wine fruity aroma expression using various aromatic reconstitutions prepared from wine fractions. Sensory profile analyses identified significant differences among aromatic reconstitutions for the intensity of some descriptors, as particular "additive" or "masking" effects. The composition of the involved fractions was then studied by instrumental methods. The final target was to investigate the impact of fraction components on fruity aroma by preparing aromatic reconstitutions and using sensory reconstitution tests, to assess the role of these compounds on the perceptive interactions previously observed. Further analysis revealed that ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate, eluted in fraction which had an "additive" effect on the black-berry and fresh fruity aroma, does not play a direct role as a key compound in red wine aroma. In contrast, our findings highlighted its indirect contribution to wine aroma, showing that this ester contributed to a synergistic effect, enhancing the perception of fruity character. Finally, it was clearly demonstrated that this compound acts as a natural enhancer for black-berry and fresh fruit notes in red wine. It was also established that diacetyl, acetoin, acetic acid and γ-butyrolactone together played the same hypo-additive role as fractions of which they were eluted, presenting a "masking" effect on fresh fruity aroma. The impact of the last three compounds was demonstrated conclusively, even at subthreshold concentrations. These findings highlighted the existence of new remarkable perceptual interactions impacting overall and fresh-fruit aroma perception. The particular behavior, in a fruity mixture, of ethyl-propanoate, ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate, butyl acetate and 2-methylpropyl acetate, present at subthreshold concentrations, was demonstrated. The presence of ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate and 2-methylpropyl acetate in mixture led to a significant decrease of the olfactory threshold of fruity pool confirming their synergistic effect in the overall increase intensity. These compounds with close chemical structures, participate, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the modulation of red wines’ fruity aromas acting as natural enhancers of black-berry and fresh-fruit aromas
Le, Floch Alexandra. "Les polysaccharides et les ellagitanins du bois de chêne : influence sur la qualité sensorielle des vins." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0369/document.
Full textIt is widely accepted that alcoholic beverages quality depends on their ageing in premium quality oak wood. Oak wood selection and maturation are essential steps in the course of barrel fabrication. Given the existence of many factors involved in the choice of raw material and in natural seasoning of oak wood, it is very difficult to determine the real impact of seasoning and selection factors on oak wood composition. A sampling was done to study the evolution of oak wood chemical composition during four seasoning steps: non matured, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months. For this sampling, three selection factors were taken into account: age, grain type and the Polyphenolic Index measured by Oakscan®. Besides extractables (~10%), three polymers constitute the main part of oak wood: cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignins. These compounds may undergo hydrolysis or chemical reactions during cooperage processes, especially during heat treatment, which release some aromatic compounds or aromatic precursors having a genuine sensorial interest on wine aged in barrel or in contact with oak products. To date, no studies revealed a link between the proportions of these compounds in oak wood and the chemical and sensorial impact in wines ageing with oak wood. Our study showed that the proportions of these compounds evolved significantly during oak wood seasoning and the results highlighted the impact of selection factors. Respectively, extractables, lignins, hemicelluloses and cellulose proportions were mostly for non-matured, 12 months, 18 months and 24 seasoning months. The development of a test plan with a Merlot wine from a second oak wood sampling, using similar modalities as the previous test plan allowed the evaluation of oak wood seasoning impact on the chemical composition of a wine ageing with oak wood pieces. Results showed a lowering of 8% in ellagitannins content of wine between 12 and 24 months modalities. An impact on volatile composition in wine has also been established: furanic aldehydes were positively correlated with a long maturation time (18 and 24 months), whereas phenolic aldehydes were positively correlated with a shorter seasoning time (12 months). Our results highlighted also the impact of selection factors on wine chemical composition. Sensorial analysis on this Merlot wine led to significant differences detected by the panel between 12 and 24 seasoning modalities, but not between 18 and 24 months modalities with triangular tests. Sensorial profiles were also established to attempt to associate the differences detected to one or more descriptors. For this test, results highlighted the difficulty for the panel to make a significant difference between 12 and 24 months modalities. However they contribute to explain the differences demonstrated with triangular tests for some seasoning modalities: toasted, bitterness, astringency, roundness and sweet perception
Pineau, Bénédicte. "Contribution à l'étude de l'arôme fruité spécifique des vins rouges de Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Merlot noir et Cabernet-Sauvignon." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21484.
Full textZeng, Liming. "Étude de la composition macromoléculaire du raisin et des vins : impact sur la qualité sensorielle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0302/document.
Full textCondensed tannins and polymeric pigments are two families of macromolecules which play important roles on the organoleptic quality of red wine. Their oligo-polymeric structures and their evolutions during red wine aging are poorly known. The objective of this study is to deepen our knowledge of their structures and their evolutions during red wine aging. During our work, we characterized, for the first time in plant kingdom, a new family of condensed tannins named : crown condensed tannins, which have specific properties. They are more polar than B-type tannins. During red wine aging, the concentration of B-type tannins decreased while the crown tannins remained stable. Their concentrations are higher in Syrah wines than in wines made from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes. From a sensory point of view, a strong correlation between the concentration of crown tannins and the intensity of astringency rated by the tasters was obtained. The first biologic activity assay of the crown tetramer showed an interesting inhibitory activity on aggregation of β-amyloid peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease. At the same time, a new quantification method of ethylidene bridge linked condensed tannins via a specific marker using fluorescence detection has been developed. Concerning polymeric pigments with different types of inter-flavonoids linkages, their acidic depolymerization mechanisms have been clarified for the first time and a quantification method using a UPLC-Q-TOF system has been developed. Oligo-/polymeric pigments contributed more to the color of old wine than mono-/dimeric pigments. The concentration of the pigmented oligo-polymers with A type linkages is more stable than that of polymeric pigments by B-type linkages or by ethylidene bridge during red wine aging. In addition, during our study of polymeric pigments, A-F(A type)-F(n) and F(n)-A-F(A type) structures as well as the acetylated form of trimeric anthocyanin and acetylated forms of dimeric anthocyanin linked by ethylidene bridge have been shown for the first time
Blanchard, Louis. "Recherche sur la contribution de certains thiols volatils à l'arôme des vins rouges : étude de leur genèse et de leur stabilité." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR20773.
Full textKotseridis, Yorgos. "Etude de l'arôme des vins de merlot et de cabernet sauvignon de la région bordelaise." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR20652.
Full textAtanasova, Vessela Dimitrova. "Réactions des composés phénoliques dans les vins rouges induites par la technique de micro-oxygénation : caractérisation de nouveaux produits de condensation des anthocyanes avec l'acétaldéhyde." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0002.
Full textIn this study, the influence of micro-oxygenation on the phenolic composition and the colour characteristics of a wine were studied. Significant changes between the oxygenated and control wines were observed after seven months of storage. Principal Component Analysis applied to the wines at various stages of ageing showed c1early that the wines are separated, along the first axis, according to their storage time, and along the second axis, according to oxygenation. Over time, the concentration of the native anthocyanins gradually decreased and more stable structures such as pyranoanthocyanins and T-A+ pigments accumulated. Micro-oxygenation favoured the mechanisms involving acetaldehyde, i. E. Condensation reactions between phenolic compounds and acetaldehyde, and reactions of cyc1oaddition between anthocyanins, flavanols and acetaldehyde. During the study of these mechanisms in mode! solutions, two new structures were detected, resulting either from the direct reaction between anthocyanins (Mv 3g-Mv 3g), or induced by acetaldehyde (Mv 3g-ethyl-Mv 3g). The last derivative was also detected in the wines. Taking into account the interest that this molecule presents in the field of enology, it was purified in order to investigate its structure by NMR and to study its physical-chemical properties. An oligomeric fraction characterised by DPm 3,1 was also isolated. The detection of ethyl-linked Mv 3g oligomers indicates that the C6 position of the anthocyanins is also reactive
Cameleyre, Margaux. "Contribution à l’étude de l’expression aromatique fruitée des vins rouges : Importance du niveau pré-sensoriel dans les interactions perceptives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0947/document.
Full textA lot of studies highlighted the perceptual role of esters in fruity aromatic expression of red wines, demonstrating that at least partially it was due to perceptive interactions. Indeed, a lot of synergistic and masking effects have been brought to light in the past. However, the origin of these interactions remains unknown, although some authors suggested several levels where they can take place. In this goal, an analytical tool was developed to study the possible occurrence of esters volatility modifications. The application of this tool allowed determining partition coefficients of 9 esters in dilute alcohol solution and in dearomatized red wine. Thanks to perceptive interactions previously demonstrated by various authors, the application of this analytical tool highlighted modifications of esters volatility when compounds were mixed together in the solution. These modifications support the observations made with sensory analysis, indicating the existence of pre-sensorial effects. The use of a new tool consisting in a tasting glass with 2 compartments, reveals that these volatility changes may led to true sensorial modifications. Masking effect of fruity aroma due to 5 higher alcohols but also 15 wood by-products was highlighted using various aromatic reconstitutions. Esters partition coefficients calculation showed volatility modifications from the matrix to the gas phase. These data may be correlated with sensorial analysis results. Thus, it is possible to explain, at least partially, fruity aroma masking effect highlighted through detection threshold and sensory profile thanks to decrease in esters presence in headspace, and so a decline of taster’s olfactory stimulation. To conclude, our work showed that the mixture of volatile compounds in solution may result in modification of molecules volatility, and furthermore highlighted that these pre-sensorial interactions may impact fruity aromatic expression related to esters
Gammacurta, Marine. "Approches sensorielle et analytique de l'arôme fruité des vins rouges : infuence relative des levures et des bactéries lactiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0353/document.
Full textAlcoholic (AF) and malolactic (MLF) fermentations are important steps in red winemaking for the revelation of wine fruity aroma. To investigate the relative importance of fermentative microorganisms, we studied the influence of six yeasts/lactic acid bacteria (LAB) combination - three yeast strains, two LAB - on Bordeaux red wines fruity notes modulation. A first analytical approach showed the predominant influence of yeast strain on the concentration of more than 70 potential fruity note markers. Special study of esters showed a yeast strain effect since the end of FA that persists over time, despite MLF and changes caused by wine aging. Sensory studies also highlighted the major influence of yeasts on red wines fruity aroma modulations at different aging steps. Nevertheless, results suggested the role of other aromatic compounds in fruity note modulation, not quantified in the first part of this study. The study of fractions made by HPLC with wine organic extracts enables the identification of an interested fraction involved in aromatic variations related to the yeast strain. Analysis of this fraction by gas chromatography has not allowed identifying compounds involved in these organoleptic variations. However, we highlighted a thiophenone that could act as a mask of fruity aroma and a hydroxylated ester that could be an interesting marker of bacterial activity. Its role as enhancer of fruity esters aroma is also considered
Antalick, Guillaume. "Bilan biochimique et sensoriel des modifications de la note fruitée des vins rouges lors de la fermentation malolactique : rôle particulier des esters." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21792/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the role of malolactic fermentation (MLF) on the fruity aroma of red wines. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) modify wine composition but there is no consensus concerning this aromatic group specifically. In opposition to empirical ideas on MLF, this work has demonstrated the absence, in short-term, of a “lactic-mask” although this kind of olfactory interaction may still occur in a later stage of wine development. Nevertheless, the existence of a smoked/toasted reduction-like mask note was proved. Its characterization has not been done in this work. The survey of the main fruity markers of wine (70 compounds) was made possible by the development of several gas chromatography coupled with solid-phase microextraction analytical methods (esters, C13-norisoprenoids, lactones, thiols). In particular, the creation of an “ester database” (32 compounds) has improved the detection of variations during LAB development in terms of analysis robustness. In fact, changes on esters contents are proved to be responsible for a major part of fruity notes evolution during MLF. Initially, this fermentation allows both synthesis and hydrolysis of esters as a consequence of esterase activity. Moreover, it promotes late-production of ethylic esters through the catabolism of certain aminoacids. Esterases specificity towards nature and size of the esters carbon chain is pointed out along with substrates availability, partially related to yeast activity.The study of the influence of both LAB strains and yeast/bacteria co-inoculation has confirmed microorganisms interactions and wine matrix composition to be of the great importance
Picard, Magali. "Recherches sur le bouquet de vieillissement des vins rouges de Bordeaux : Etudes sensorielle et moléculaire d’un concept olfactif complexe." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0299/document.
Full textA wine with ageing potential is noticeable by its ability to improve over time, expressing the aromatic complexity particularly expected by wine tasters. The development of wine ageing bouquet, the "signature" of the organoleptic quality of fine wines aged in bottle, is one of the most fascinating but least known phenomena in oenology. Indeed, both its sensory and molecular markers are poorly documented.A three-step holistic approach made it possible to decipher the sensory characteristics of the ageing bouquet of red Bordeaux wines. More precisely, a shared sensory definition emerged among wine professionals, structured around eight main aromatic notes: "undergrowth", "truffle", "fresh red- and black berry fruits", "spicy», "liquorice", "mint», "toasted" and "empyreumatic". Furthermore, the importance of expertise based on oenological knowledge, sensory skills, and lexical capabilities in defining olfactory concepts was highlighted. A molecular study, targeting specific classes of aromatic compounds formed and/or preserved during bottle ageing, identified dimethyl sulphide, 2-furanmethanethiol and 3-sulfanylhexanol as key contributors to the typicality of wine ageing bouquet. These volatile compounds were present in the highest concentrations in all wines with an ageing bouquet and participated more specifically in their undergrowth, truffle, and empyreumatic aromas. Subsequently, wine fractionations and aromatic reconstitutions, analyzed by both GC-O and GC-MS, were used to identify D,L-piperitone, a monoterpene which was shown for the first time to be involved in the typical mint nuances in the ageing bouquet of red Bordeaux wines. Finally, influence of some parameters of “terroir” was highlighted. Isotope ratio measurement (δC13) in ethanol of studied wines was used as an indicator of vine water status and revealed that a moderate to severe water deficit was in favor to the genesis of a wine ageing bouquet. Interestingly, the sensory difference in minty character observed in red Bordeaux wines apparently originated from grapes, as D,L-piperitone levels were significantly higher in wines where Cabernet Sauvignon was dominant