Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extraction uranium'
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Carter, Helen. "Uranium separations using extraction chromatography." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11261.
Full textLawson, P. N. E. "The kinetics of uranium-nitric acid extraction." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374930.
Full textRinsant, Damien. "Elaboration de matériaux hybrides fonctionnalisés de type MOFs pour l’extraction sélective de l’uranium." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS062.
Full textThe increase of world energy production involves the research and development of new more efficient and ecofriendly processes for uranium ores valorization. Therefore, the development of new materials for an efficient solid-liquid extraction of U is necessary. In this thesis, the synthesis of materials named Metal Organic Framework (MOF) and their use to the uranium extraction from ores are studied. MOFs are hybrid and crystalline materials showing high performances for uranium extractions in weak acid solutions.In order to answer to this objective, the stability of two type of MOFs has been studied at different contact time in acidic solution simulating the ore leachate. Afterwards, zirconium based MOFs functionalized with two different organic functions have been synthesized and characterized with PXRD, BET, TGA, SEM, FT-IR and NMR. The uranium extraction behavior with three functionalized MOFs has been studied in function of the contact time, uranium concentration, sulfate concentration and pH. The uranium extraction values coupled with spectroscopic analysis of uranium loaded materials afford the understanding of uranium extraction mechanisms for both materials.Keywords: MOFs, organic synthesis, solid-liquid separation, uranium
Pschirer, David M. "Electrochemical uranium valence control in centrifugal solvent extraction contractors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12995.
Full textMoreno, Martinez Diego. "Etude par dynamique moléculaire de la séparation de l'uranium (VI) sur support solide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0018.
Full textThe uranium extraction plays an essential role in the nuclear fuel cycle. The extraction using mesoporous silica solid supports represents a promising alternative to the liquid-liquid extraction processes. In fact, the compactness of these solid supports, the facility of implementation associated to the reduction of organic effluents give to this system great competitive advantage. This kind of systems has already been studied experimentally within the framework of two PhD students in the CEA (Atomic Energy Commission). Thus, the objective of this research, centered on theoretical chemistry studies (especially by molecular dynamics), is to rationalize the behaviors that have been experimentally observed and to provide comprehension elements about the involved mechanisms. In order to do this, the uranium (VI) coordination at the interface within the solid phase and the aqueous phase, the influence of diverse structural parameters of the solid support, and the chemical conditions of the uranium speciation will be studied
Pitt, Julian Llewellyn. "The behaviour of mineral particles in uranium solvent extraction systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339619.
Full textSiebert, Stéphane. "Hydrodynamique et transfert isotopique dans une colonne pulsée à plateaux perforés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECAP0026.
Full textArtese, Alexandre. "Caractérisation de ligands N,P pour le raffinage de l'uranium(VI) en milieu nitrique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS067.
Full textRefining plants of natural uranium concentrates use hydrometallurgical processes to produce uranium with a so-called "nuclear" purity. After dissolution in nitric acid to obtain an aqueous solution of uranium(VI), solvent extraction process is used to purify uranium. The commonly used extractant tri-n-butyl phosphate (or TBP) present however some drawbacks (accumulation of thorium, non-concentrating back-extraction, significant solubility in an aqueous phase).The goal of the study is to explore the ability of new N, P bifunctional extractants for the selective extraction of uranium(VI) in nitric media, and to understand the mechanisms involved in the extraction of uranium(VI) as well as in the extraction of the competing element zirconium(IV).Mechanisms underlying solvent extraction processes being not only based on the chelating properties of the extractant molecules, but also on their capacity to form supramolecular aggregates because of their amphiphilic nature, the extraction mechanisms were studied at both molecular and supramolecular scales.Thanks to the understanding of the extraction mechanisms, the difference of separation factor U/Zr obtained with two amidophosphonates extractants which differ only in the presence of a central alkyl chain could be explained. It was shown that this difference takes its origin in the ability of one of the extractants N, P to self-assemble and not in different affinities of the coordinating functions
Berger, Clémence. "Optimisation de molécules extractantes pour le multi-recyclage du Plutonium dans les combustibles de nouvelle génération." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS041.
Full textThis thesis, conducted in the framework of the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels by solvent extraction, concerns the extraction performances evaluation in view of new extractants optimization: carbamide molecules (R1R2NC(O)NR3R4). This extractant family has not attracted much attention in literature but appears as a good substitutes for the chemical separation of uranium and plutonium from an nitric acid aqueous phase. The considering process will allow to extract uranium and plutonium at high nitric acid concentration (CHNO3aq = 4 mol.L-1) and separate these two elements at lower nitric acid concentration (CHNO3aq = 0,5 mol.L-1) without redox chemistry.In these conditions, 17 carbamide extractants were studied to observe the influence of alkyl chains length, substituent number, position and number of (2-ethylhexyl) ramifications on the uranium and plutonium extraction and on the U/Pu selectivity. Results indicate a high uranium extraction by carbamide molecules. Moreover, substituent number have a high influence on the cations extraction whose distribution ratio highly increase with the –NH group presence on the carbamide function. On the other hand, ramifications addition decrease the extraction and the U/Pu separation with the decreasing of distribution ratios. Additional studies on loading capacity and viscosity measurements allow to optimize the structure and some good analogs are proposed to process development.The uranium and plutonium speciation in organic phase as a function of experimental conditions (carbamide structure, nitric acid concentration, etc) allow to highlight formed complexes: UO2(NO3)2L2; UO2(NO3)3(HL) and {UO2(NO3)L2}(NO3) for uranium and Pu(NO3)4L2 and Pu(NO3)6(HL)2 for plutonium. The relation between extracting properties and formed complexes in organic phase has been made. In particular, modification of the uranium extraction mechanism is observed for the compounds containing –NH group. Moreover, the increase of aqueous nitric acid concentration have a favorable effect on the formation of outer sphere complexes UO2(NO3)3(HL) and Pu(NO3)6(HL)2.Then extractant stability of extractant regarding γ radiolysis have also been studied
Van, der Ryst Reinier Hendrik. "Evaluation of the solvent extraction organic phase in a uranium extraction plant / Reinier Hendrik van der Ryst." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4921.
Full textThesis (M.Ing. (Chemical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
El, Mourabit Sabah. "Matériaux hybrides inorganiques-organiques pour l'extraction d'uranium en milieu acide phosphorique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20035.
Full textPhosphate rocks are industrially processed in large quantities to produce phosphoric acid and fertilisers. These rocks contain significant concentration of uranium (50 to 300 ppm) which could be interesting for nuclear industry. This work deals with the valorisation of uranium as a by-product from fertiliser industry.The aim of this study is to develop a hybrid material, constituted of an inorganic solid support grafted with an extractant (complexing molecule), which can extract selectively uranium from phosphoric acid medium. The first step of our approach was to identify an inorganic support which is stable under these particular conditions (strong acidity and complexing medium). The chemical and mechanical stability of different mesoporous materials, such as silica, glass and carbon was studied. In a second phase, we focused on the identification and the optimisation of complexing molecules, specific of uranium in phosphoric acid. These ligands were then grafted on the most stable solids. Finally, the efficiency of these hybrid systems was evaluated through different tests of extraction, selectivity and desextraction
Le, nedelec Tom. "Synthèse et évaluation de silices hybrides fonctionnalisées pour la récupération de l'uranium en milieu sulfurique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS084.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop silica-based hybrid materials for selective extraction of Uranium from acidic and highly complexing media, such as ore leaching solutions or effluents generated in manufacturing plants of nuclear fuel cycle.The research project has several axes:• Study of the performance of different organic ligands (with nitrogen and phosphorus) for the extraction of uranium on solid.• Study of the influence of the link between the material and the ligand on the Uranium extraction performance.• Influence of the functionalization method (adsorption, grafting) and the adsorption surface on uranium extraction performances and mechanisms (EXAFS study)• Development of a method for the synthesis of silica-based hybrid materials with template effect adapted to the Uranium ores dissolution media.In each of the parts the approach goes from synthesis of the materials to evaluation of the materials performances for Uranium extraction, the solid characterization and the extraction mechanism comprehension
Fathurrachman. "Solvent extraction as a method of promoting uranium enrichment by chemical exchange." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336412.
Full textHamlet, Amanda (Amanda M. ). "Uranium extraction from seawater : investigating hydrodynamic behavior and performance of porous shells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111939.
Full textThesis: S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-82).
As global economies grow and demand more energy, scientists work to develop alternative sources to meet demand. Developing countries, e.g. China and India in particular, will turn to nuclear power to meet their energy needs, increasing demand for uranium. There are enough land-based uranium reserves to cover current demand for about 120 years. However, increasing demand will shorten this estimate and require mines to tap into harder-to-extract reserves resulting in higher prices and greater environmental footprints. An unlimited supply of uranium, roughly 4.3 billion tonnes, is dissolved in the ocean at a concentration of 3 parts per billion. Chemists have been developing polymers to extract uranium from seawater to provide fuel and price security for the nuclear power industry. Coupling a system that extracts uranium with an existing offshore structure, such as a wind turbine, reduces the cost of deployment and operation as well as the overall price of uranium from the ocean. In ocean-based systems, trace metals such as uranium are passively removed via adsorbent polymers. These polymers are not inherently strong or durable, however. One solution is to enclose them in a shell structure that bears the environmental loads. This work aims to characterize the flow of water in and around porous shells containing uranium adsorbent to inform the design of a uranium extraction device. Shells with different hole patterns were fabricated and tested. The corresponding flow in and around the shells was examined qualitatively using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and dye flow studies. The form drag of the different shells was determined experimentally and verified through CFD. The results were used to model a chain of uranium adsorbent shells submerged in the ocean and subject to various currents. The dynamic forces due to vortex-induced vibration were studied to determine resonant frequencies. Findings will be used to inform uranium extraction system design in an offshore environment.
by Amanda Hamlet.
S.M.
S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
Haji, Maha Niametullah. "Extraction of uranium from seawater : Design and testing of a symbiotic system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111821.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-167).
Seawater is estimated to contain 4.5 billion tonnes of uranium, approximately 1000 times that available in conventional terrestrial resources. Finding a sustainable way to harvest uranium from seawater will provide a source of nuclear fuel for generations to come, while also giving all countries with ocean access a stable supply. This will also eliminate the need to store spent fuel for potential future reprocessing, thereby addressing nuclear proliferation issues as well. While extraction of uranium from seawater has been researched for decades, no economical, robust, ocean-deployable method of uranium collection has been presented to date. This thesis presents a symbiotic approach to ocean harvesting of uranium where a common structure supports a wind turbine and a device to harvest uranium from seawater. The Symbiotic Machine for Ocean uRanium Extraction (SMORE) created and tested decouples the function of absorbing uranium from the function of deploying the absorbent which enables a more efficient absorbent to be developed by chemists. The initial SMORE concept involves an adsorbent device that is cycled through the seawater beneath the turbine and through an elution plant located on a platform above the sea surface. This design allows for more frequent harvesting, reduced down-time, and a reduction in the recovery costs of the adsorbent. Specifically, the design decouples the mechanical and chemical requirements of the device through a hard, permeable outer shell containing uranium adsorbing fibers. This system is designed to be used with the 5-MW NREL OC3-Hywind floating spar wind turbine. To optimize the decoupling of the chemical and mechanical requirements using the shell enclosures for the uranium adsorbing fibers, an initial design analysis of the enclosures is presented. Moreover, a flume experiment using filtered, temperature-controlled seawater was developed to determine the effect that the shells have on the uptake of the uranium by the fibers they enclose. For this experiment, the A18 amidoxime-based adsorbent fiber developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory was used, which is a hollow-gear-shaped, high surface area polyethylene fiber prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization of the amidoxime ligand and a vinylphosphonic acid comonomer. The results of the flume experiment were then used to inform the design and fabrication of two 1/10th physical scale SMORE prototypes for ocean testing. The A18 adsorbent fibers were tested in two shell designs on both a stationary and a moving system during a nine-week ocean trial, with the latter allowing the effect of additional water flow on the adsorbents uranium uptake to be investigated. A novel method using the measurement of radium extracted onto MnO₂ impregnated acrylic fibers to quantify the volume of water passing through the shells of the two systems was utilized. The effect of a full-scale uranium harvesting system on the hydrodynamics of an offshore wind turbine were then investigated using a 1/150th Froude scale wave tank test. These experiments compared the measured excitation forces and responses of two versions of SMORE to those of an unmodified floating wind turbine. With insights from the experiments on what a final full-scale design might look like, a cost-analysis was performed to determine the overall uranium production cost from a SMORE device. In this analysis, the capital, operating, and decommissioning costs were calculated and summed using discounted cash flow techniques similar to those used in previous economic models of the uranium adsorbent. Major contributions of this thesis include fundamental design tools for the development and evaluation of symbiotic systems to harvest uranium or other minerals from seawater. These tools will allow others to design offshore uranium harvesting systems based on the adsorbent properties and the scale of the intended installation. These flexible tools can be tuned for a particular adsorbent, location, and installation size, thereby allowing this technology to spread broadly.
by Maha Niametullah Haji.
Ph. D.
Karmanska, Anna. "Environmental Assessment of Ukraine Emerald Network Objects in the Uranium Extraction Area." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/49667.
Full textObject of research: environment assessment of Natural Preserve Fund objects within the uranium mining area. Subject of research: the Natural Preserve Fund objects in the vicinity of uranium mining area. Aim оf research: Natural substances within the internal antigenic load, as well as exposed elements of the Emerald Network. Methods of research: The references to the creation of Emerald Network projects in the gloomy countries of Ukraine are very relevant today, using analytical and scientific work within the framework of a strong supervisory body, and its work on natural resources.Аnalysis of the creation of the Emerald Company facilities will help to evaluate the stations that require the Council of Europe to approximate the legislation of Ukraine, which seek to investigate the Berne Convention and its necessary recommendations and recommendations.
Karmanska, Anna. "Environmental Assessment of Ukraine Emerald Network Objects in the Uranium Extraction Area." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/41531.
Full textObject of research: environment assessment of Natural Preserve Fund objects within the uranium mining area. Subject of research: the Natural Preserve Fund objects in the vicinity of uranium mining area. Aim оf research: Natural substances within the internal antigenic load, as well as exposed elements of the Emerald Network. Methods of research: The references to the creation of Emerald Network projects in the gloomy countries of Ukraine are very relevant today, using analytical and scientific work within the framework of a strong supervisory body, and its work on natural resources.Аnalysis of the creation of the Emerald Company facilities will help to evaluate the stations that require the Council of Europe to approximate the legislation of Ukraine, which seek to investigate the Berne Convention and its necessary recommendations and recommendations.
Vansteene, Axel. "Extraction liquide-liquide réactive en microsystèmes à écoulement segmenté." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS438.
Full textThe intensification of liquid-liquid extraction systems has been studied for the screening of new extractants and the optimization of the parameters governing extraction processes (temperature, pH, and concentrations). The aim of this PhD is to understand and develop a model of mass transfer associated to reactive liquid-liquid extraction processes in segmented flow microsystems. Thanks to microfluidic properties, the consumption of reactants is reduced, the specific interfacial area is monitorable, and the diffusive resistance to mass transfer can be minimized. The hydrodynamics of segmented flows were first studied and allowed the determination of reference cartographies for T and cross junctions for two liquid-liquid extraction chemical systems, Eu(III) in [HNO3] = 4 mol.L-1/N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dibutyl-2-tetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA) and U(VI) in [HCl]= 5 mol.L-1/tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat® 336), leading to the proposal and validation of a predictive model in the dripping regime, hence allowing the determination and maximization of the specific interfacial area. Consequently, the study of mass transfer for the Eu(III)/DMDBTDMA system in T junctions lead to the definition of both a new analytical and numerical model for segmented flow in microsystems ensuring a proper description of interfacial kinetics. The numerical model was applied to the implementation of an innovative process for the determination of the liquid-liquid extraction reaction coefficient kf in segmented flow microsystems in both chemical and diffusional regime, on one side, and to the implementation of a process for micro-chip prototyping on the other side
Porhel, Sabine. "Extraction liquide-liquide sur matériaux poreux. Mise en oeuvre et recherche de paramètres influents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4709.
Full textThis study is falls within the framework of uranium mining. The step more specifically aimed is the solvent extraction during which the uranium is transferred from a lixiviation aqueous solution to an organic phase by a complexation with a tertiary amine (Alamine 336®). The study focuses on this step of separation using a liquid-liquid contact without dispersal guaranteed by an organic macroporous membrane (pertraction). This technology allows the use of phases with close densities. So, uranium and molybdenum extraction, co-extracted industrially by Alamine 336, were studied for various high extractantes molecules concentrations. For that purpose, all the influential physical chemical parameters of the chemical system (distribution curve, viscosity, density, surface tension, infinite diffusion coefficient, etc.) and of the membrane (porosity, size, tortuosity, etc.) are characterized. Pertraction essays on a single hollow fibre, developed within the framework of this study, are performed and the results are modelized by an approach of mass transfer resistances in series. A single adjustable parameter is retained: the diffusion coefficient in organic phase. This modelling allows highlighting the limitations of uranium transfer from the aqueous phase towards the organic phase during the extraction process through the membrane function of chemical system, the flows and the membrane
FIGOLS, MARYCEL B. "Separacao de tracos de neptunio de solucoes de uranio por cromatografia de extracao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1990. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10252.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04128.pdf: 1590962 bytes, checksum: a2a8a7eb89c0f7f7f379ee9b9fd352fd (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Murry, Maisha M. "Dissolution and Sequential Extraction of select radioactive and stable elements in soil and lunar regolith simulants." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999571140163.
Full textChen, Li. "Speciation of uranium and organic compounds on solid matrix studied by supercritical fluid extraction." FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2137.
Full textHowell, Bill. "Physical and chemical aspects of the solvent extraction of uranium by a tertiary amine." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4574.
Full textFarawila, Anne. "Supercritical fluid extraction : Spectroscopic study of interactions comparison to solvent extraction." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/FARAWILA_Anne_2005.pdf.
Full textSupercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) was chosen to study Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of cesium and uranium. At first, crown ethers were considered as chelating agents for the SFE of cesium. The role of water and its interaction with crown ethers were especially studied using Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy in SF-CO2. A sandwich configuration between two crown ethers and a water molecule was observed in the SF-CO2 phase for the first time. The equilibrium between the single and the bridge configurations was defined. The enthalpy of the hydrogen bond formation was also calculated. These results were then compared to the one in different mixtures of chloroform and carbon tetra-chloride using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). To conclude this first part and in order to understand the whole picture of the recovery of cesium, I studied the role of water in the equilibrium between the cesium and the dicyclohexano18-crown-6. In a second part, the supercritical fluid extraction of uranium was studied in SF-CO2. For this purpose, different complexes of TriButyl Phosphate (TBP), nitric acid and water were used as chelating and oxidizing agents. I first used FT-IR to study the TBP-water interaction in SF-CO2. These results were then compared to the one obtained with NMR in chloroform. NMR spectroscopy was also used to understand the TBP-nitric acid-water interaction first alone and then in chloroform. To conclude my research work, I succeeded to improve the efficiency of uranium extraction and stripping into water for a pilot-plant where enriched uranium is extracted from incinerated waste coming from nuclear fuel fabrication. TBP-nitric acid complexes were used in SF-CO2 for the extraction of uranium from ash
Charlot, Alexandre. "Synthèse et Evaluation de silices hybrides mésoporeuses pour l'extraction de l'uranium en milieu sulfurique." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCM0006/document.
Full textNuclear industries are perpetually looking for technical, economic and environmental progresses. Important volumes of acidic waste are generated by nuclear plants of the front end. The extraction of uranium from these solutions is required to decontaminate effluents (decrease of the radioactivity) and value uranium (reincorporation in the cycle). Uranium leaching is mostly achieved using sulfuric acid leading to the production of aqueous effluents that contain a large grade of sulfate complexes. In such conditions, uranyl sulfate complexes constitute the predominant uranium species in solution and its extraction represents a real scientific and technological challenge. Commonly, precipitation, solvent extraction or solid phase extraction are used. The last one is particularly adapted for low grade solutions due to it weak environmental footprint (no solvent are handling) and the facility of the process involved (i.e. fixed bed column). Among the available solid-phase extraction candidates, hybrid mesoporous silicas get a crucial part. They develop a very high specific surface areas and a driven porosity which give them a high potential of extraction capacities.In this manuscript the tailoring and the evaluation of hybrid mesoporous silicas have been investigated. Firstly, the work focus on the organic part grafted by post-synthetic pathway, the N,N-dialkylcarbamoylphosphonate based molecules have been identified to get interesting extraction properties. This study emphasizes that acid groups are required and that alkyl substituents get a real importance in the extraction efficiency. On the second hand, the role of pore size has been investigated. The results obtained disclosed that pores size diameters directly impact the grafting ratio as well as the homogeneity of the material: (1) materials with a pore size below 3 nm are heterogeneously functionalized due to steric issues, (2) a homogeneous organic monolayer grafted onto the silica skeleton occurs when the pore size ranges from 3 nm to 20 nm and (3) functionalization of material having pore size above 30 nm results in an organic multilayer covalently linked to the surface. The organic self-organization drives the extraction efficiency, only monolayers lead to promising results. At the saturation state, two molecules are required to extract one uranyl ion. To describe the molecular scale of the uranyl complex onto the solid, the local structure has been investigated by a parametric study and spectroscopic techniques (IR, EXAFS and DRX). Results reveal that two diamido-phosphonates are involved in the uranyl extraction. By this work, it is shown how the molecular scale helps to understand the macroscopic phenomena.Finally, continuous extraction in a fixed bed column confirms the extractive properties obtained in batch mode experiments and points out the potential of such material to be reused several times without any damages
Wehbie, Moheddine. "Systèmes chélatants organisés pour l'extraction sélective de métaux stratégiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT247.
Full textThe liquid-liquid extraction is one of the most studied and developed hydrometallurgical processes, particularly in the areas of applications for the extraction and purification of metals of great interest in the sectors of energy and advanced technologies, such as lanthanides and actinides. Many extractants have been developed for the extraction of these metals in the recent decades where the nature, the arrangement, the rigidity and the stereochemistry of chelating sites determine the affinity and selectivity toward the target metals. The study of chelating systems organized on macrocycles has constituted, in particular, the subject of numerous research studies.In this study, the organization of diglycolamide (DGA) and diamide (DA) subunits on Calix-[4]-arene and resorcinarene cavitand was studied for the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) and uranium (U). A detailed study on the effect of the organization of DGA subunit on the extraction performance of lanthanides, in toluene, showed that the synthesized macrocycles are more efficient and more selective toward heavy rare earths (HREEs) than the light ones (LREEs). A comparative study for the extraction of lanthanides by these macrocycles in ionic liquid medium revealed that the calix-[4]-arene is a better candidate as preorganised platform than the resorcinarene cavitand. Moreover, a detailed study on the chelating capacity of a calixarene functionalized with diamides (DA) was done for the selective extraction of uranium in sulfuric medium, demonstrating that the diamide pattern is more efficient and more selective than its calixarene analogue
Paquet, Amaury. "Caractérisation multi-échelle de phases organiques concentrées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS019/document.
Full textIn the framework of development of new processes for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, new extractant molecules are studied.The goals of this thesis are to study the molecular and supramolecular speciation of representative organic solutions. The speciation was determined by coupling experimental and theoretical study. After solute extraction, the composition of the organic solutions is experimentally determined. Simulations boxes with the same composition than experimental solutions are build. After simulation, trajectories are used to calculate small angle scattered intensities. The representativeness of the simulations is checked by comparison of experimental and calculated scattered intensities. The use of the simulation, ESI-MS spectrometry and IR spectroscopy provides the description of the structures in organic solution at the molecular and supramolecular scale. This methodology was applied on water and uranyl nitrate extraction by the monoamide DEHBA and MOEHA and by the malonamide DMDOHEMA as well as the extraction of water and neodymium nitrate by TODGA solutions.The extraction of water is dependent of the organization of the solution: monoamide solution made of monomer and dimer solubilize few amount of water in comparison with DMDOHEMA or TODGA solutions.The extraction of uranyl nitrate showed different behavior. UO2(NO3)2L2 complexes are observed at low uranium concentration after extraction by the monoamides. Polymetallic species are observed with the increase of uranium concentration. In the case of DMDOHEMA, monometallic complexes are majority but without a unique stoichiometry. The uranyl can be linked to 1 o 2 malonamides, 2 nitrates and sometimes to a water molecule. Neodymium is extracted by TODGA within small aggregates made of 2 or 3 cations liked by bridging nitrates. The increase of the concentration of neodymium leads to a phase separation. The presence of octanol provides the extraction of higher concentration of neodymium nitrate. Simulations showed the replacement of water and TODGA molecules and the first coordination sphere of the cation with octanol molecule. This increases the solubility of the aggregates. The presence of DMDOHEMA prevents also the phase separation by structuring the solution. With malonamide, smaller aggregates are observed.For both systems, phases after demixing (third phase formation) were characterized.This work provides the study of the molecular and supramolecular organization of organic solutions by combining experimental studies and molecular dynamic simulations
Berlemont, Romain. "Etude cinétique d'extraction de l'uranium(VI) et du plutonium(IV) par des extractants monoamides." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066320/document.
Full textThis thesis was conducted in the framework of the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels. The kinetics extraction of uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) by N,N-dialkylamides or monoamides in an aliphatic diluent were studied from an aqueous nitric solution using 3 different techniques: “single drop technique”, Nitsch cell and Rotating Membrane Cell (RMC). All these experiments were useful to attempt the identification of the transfer process between the phases which can be controlled by kinetic or diffusional regime. The kinetics of extraction of U(VI) by monoamides solvent seems to be similar to that of the Pu(IV). In general, molecular diffusion in organic phase slows down the extraction process and the limiting thickness of organic phase increases with solvent viscosity. The process in “single drop technique” seems to be controlled not only by diffusion but also by the chemical reaction. Then the extraction kinetics of U(VI) has been carried out by Nitsch cell and the RMC. Diffusionnal regime is the limiting step in Nitsch cell and the results confirm that molecular diffusion in organic phase should mainly control the kinetics transfer. Then experiments performed by the RMC indicate that the kinetics is in the same order as transfer coefficient obtained by “single drop” and the chemical reaction occurs at the interface. Finally, these results were compared with data obtained with a TBP solvent (tributyl phosphate) currently used in the PUREX process in order to estimate the interest of such a new solvent. The kinetics of extraction of U(VI) by this monoamide-based solvent is three times lower that of the TBP 30 % but remains fast and suitable for a future industrial process
Hartmann, Didier. "Extraction de l'uranium des solutions de lixivation en tas par des membranes liquides émulsionnées." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0104.
Full textAmaral, Janúbia Cristina Bragança da Silva. "Recuperação de tório e urânio a partir do licor gerado no processamento da monazita pela INB/Caldas, MG." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2006. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=37.
Full textThis work describes the study of thorium and uranium recovery from sulfuric liquor generated in chemical monazite treatment by solvent extraction technique. The sulfuric liquor was produced by Industries Nuclear of Brazil INB, Caldas Minas Gerais State. The study was carried out in two steps: in the first the process variable were investigated through discontinuous experiments; in the second, the parameters were optimized by continuous solvent extraction experiments. The influence of the following process variables was investigated: type and concentration of extracting agents, contact time between phases and aqueous/organic volumetric ratio. Extractants used in this study included: Primene JM-T, Primene 81-R, Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336. Thorium and uranium were simultaneously extracted by a mixture of Primene JM-T and Alamine 336, into Exxsol D-100. The stripping was carried out by hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2.0mol/L. The study was carried out at room temperature. After selected the best process conditions, two continuous experiments of extraction and stripping were carried out. In the first experiment a mixture of 0.15mol/L Primene JM-T and 0.05mol/L Alamine 336 were used. The second experiment was carried out using 0.15mol/L Primene JM-T and 0.15mol/L Alamine 336. Four extraction stages and five stripping stages were used in both experiments. The first experiment showed a ThO2 and U3O8 content in loaded strip solution of 34.3g/L and 1.49g/L respectively and 0.10g/L ThO2 and 0.05g/L U3O8 in the raffinate. In the second experiment a loaded strip solution with 29.3g/L ThO2 and 0.94g/L U3O8 was obtained. In this experiment, the metals content in raffinate was less than 0.001g/L, indicating a thorium recovery over 99.9% and uranium recovery of 99.4%.
Goldacker, Hubert. "Design of an interstage electrochemical reactor for the separation of uranium and plutonium by solvent extraction." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335139.
Full textDonnet, Louis. "Extraction du molybdène par le mélange TBP-Dodécane en milieu nitrique : application au raffinage de l'uranium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0274.
Full textAlvarenga, Carlos Leon Guimarães de. "Estudo da extração líquido-líquido de urânio com alamine 336 a partir de meio sulfúrico na ausência e na presença de íons cloreto." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2010. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=264.
Full textUranium is usually recovered from ores by sulphuric acid leaching followed by solvent extraction in order to produce a uranium ore concentrate. Such route is used by Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil S/A - INB, at Caetité/BA, Brazil, which uses the tertiary amine Alamine336 to extract uranium from the sulphuric liquor and a sodium chloride solution as stripping agent. Due to water scarcity in this region, all water used in the process is recirculated after treatment with lime. At this treatment the chloride ion (Cl-) is not removed, causing the increase in Cl- concentration with each recirculation of water, reducing the efficiency of extraction of uranium, causing a drop in production of uranium concentrate and financial losses. Eventually the INB Company is required to add new water in the process to reduce the content of Cl-. In this work, a comparative evaluation between the following uranium extraction systems is carried out: U-H2SO4-Alamine 336 and U-H2SO4-Cl-Alamine 336. In the first system, the uranium concentration ranged from 0.4 to 2.1 g/L. In the second system, the uranium concentration was set at 2.0 g/L and chloride ion concentration ranged from 1 to 7 g/L. In both systems the concentration of Alamine 336 ranged from 0.05 to 0.20 mol/L and the sulphate (SO42-) concentration from 0.24 to 1.05 mol/L. Exxsol D100 and tridecanol 5% v/v were used as diluent and modifier, respectively. The comparison of the results showed that chloride ions have a negative impact on the uranium extraction with Alamine 336. In the absence of chloride ions, 90% of extraction is achieved for extractant content of 0.10 mol/L or higher, for all sulphate and uranium concentrations studied. In the presence of chloride ions, the same extraction efficiency is reached solely for extractant content of 0.20 mol/L and for chloride ions content lower than 3.0 g/L. The percentage on the uranium extraction is drastically reduced at high chloride concentrations, whereas at low chloride concentrations such negative effect may be inhibited by increasing the Alamine336 concentration or decreasing sulphate concentration. In order to explain the negative impact of chloride ions on uranium extraction, two probable mechanisms of extraction for both reaction systems are shown: competition between chloride and sulphate in amine protonation and the chloride extraction by amine-sulphate complex, competing with uranium (VI) oxide sulphate. These mechanisms may occur simultaneously.
Rabbe, Catherine. "Apport de la modélisation moléculaire et des relations structure-activité à l'extraction liquide-liquide : application au cas de l'extraction d'U(VI) par les monoamides /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Direction de l'information scientifique et technique, CEA Saclay, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369615416.
Full textHung, Laurence. "Etude d’un procédé d’extraction en milieu CO2 supercritique de l’uranium à partir de minerais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4310.
Full textThe research of clean and sustainable new processes to extract uranium from ores as an alternative to solvent extraction leads one to consider extraction processes using supercritical carbon dioxide. The aim of this work is to study the extraction feasibility of uranium ores by supercritical CO2, using suitable ligands. First, solubility measurements of selected ligands, trioctylamine and PC88A (2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid), and metal complexes formed between these ligands and molybdenum (uranium surrogate) or uranium, are performed in supercritical CO2. Supercritical CO2 extractions are then carried out on sulfuric aqueous solutions containing molybdenum and on molybdenum oxides powder. Solubilization of the extractant system (ligand/acid/oxidant) and solid leaching are the key steps which need to be controlled. Well-suited extractant system selection is therefore fundamental. The hypothetical mechanisms, describing supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, seem to be quite different from those usually observed in solvent extraction, especially in terms of selectivity and formed complex structure. Based on the results obtained with molybdenum, extraction trials on uranium ores were then conducted using PC88A in supercritical carbon dioxide with sulfuric acid and manganese oxide. More than 60% of uranium was recovered, which confirmed this new process feasibility. However, the influence of some operating parameters and the synthesis/selection of new suitable ligands remain to be further studied
Greene, John A. "An Investigation of Engineered Injection and Extraction as an in situ Remediation Technique for Uranium-Contaminated Groundwater." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10682286.
Full textDuring in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater, a treatment chemical is injected into the contaminated groundwater to degrade a contaminant through chemical reaction that occurs in the subsurface. Reactions and subsequent contaminant degradation occur only where the treatment chemical contacts the contaminant long enough to complete degradation reactions. Traditional in situ groundwater remediation relies on background groundwater flow to spread an injected treatment chemical into a plume of contaminated groundwater.
Engineered Injection and Extraction (EIE), in which time-varying induced flow fields are used to actively spread the treatment chemical into the contaminant plume, has been developed to increase contact between the contaminant and treatment chemical, thereby enhancing contaminant degradation. EIE has been investigated for contaminants degrading through irreversible, bimolecular reaction with a treatment chemical, but has not been investigated for a contaminant governed by complex biogeochemical processes. Uranium fate and transport in subsurface environments is governed by adsorption, oxidation reduction, solution, and solid-phase interactions with naturally occurring solution species, microbial communities, minerals and aquifer media. Uranium primarily occurs in aqueous, mobile U(VI) complexes in the environment but can be reduced to sparingly soluble, immobile U(IV) solid-phase complexes by native dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria.
This work investigates the ability of EIE to promote subsurface delivery of an acetate-amended treatment solution throughout a plume of uranium-contaminated groundwater to promote in situ growth of native microbial communities to immobilize uranium. Simulations in this investigation are conducted using a semi-synthetic flow and reactive transport model based on physical and biogeochemical conditions from two uranium contaminated sites: the Naturita Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project site in southwestern Colorado and the Old Rifle UMTRA Project site in western Colorado.
Saunders, Gregory David. "The sequestration and detection of aqueous uranium using a novel network polymer." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323692.
Full textMossand, Guillaume. "Recherche de nouveaux ligands pour l'extraction sélective de l'uranium et des terres rares." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV053.
Full textThe supply of uranium-based nuclear fuel is a key issue of the electricity production strategy in France, especially as demand for natural uranium will continue to increase in the near future. Rare earths are also considered as strategic metals due to their remarkable properties which make them essential in many applications related to new technologies.There is therefore an interest in developing new, more efficient processes for the extraction of uranium and rare earths than those currently used. The aim is to respond to a permanent increase in demand for raw materials, against the backdrop of the development of new recycling processes, especially for rare earths.Through a multi-scale approach, this PhD thesis sets to develop novel organic ligands with a strong extractant ability for uranyl (UO22+) or for rare earths (TR3+), as well as a high selectivity with respect to various impurities, in particular iron (Fe3+). Thus, many ligands have been designed, synthesized and tested by liquid-liquid extraction in several acidic synthetic media. Bifunctional bi , tri- and pentadentate molecules have been developed and their complexing properties and their speciation in organic medium have been evaluated in the presence of UO22+ and Fe3+ by different approaches (DFT, UV-visible, IR, ESI-MS, EXAFS). Furthermore, several new ligands have been evaluated for the selective extraction of rare earths and the results obtained are remarkable. Overall, these studies have led in some cases to the development of novel molecular designs with excellent extractant properties. Their optimization, coupled with different analytical techniques, fulfilled the objectives of this thesis and will serve in the future to the development of new efficient and selective extractants
ALMEIDA, VLADIMIR F. de. "Separacao de actinideos utilizando-se calixarenos como agentes extratores." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10908.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Sao Paulo
Pecheur, Olivia. "Compréhension des mécanismes synergiques pour l'extraction de l'uranium des mines de phosphates." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0031/document.
Full textUranium VI is commonly extracted from phosphoric ores by a well-known process exploiting the synergistic mixture of two extractant molecules : HDEHP and TOPO. In the field of liquid-liquid extraction, synergistic combinations are common but the mechanisms at the origin of the synergy are not well understood. A multi-scale approach has been used to describe these mechanisms, combining two different descriptions : the molecular scale focuses on the ion point of view, while the supramolecular scale focuses on extractants' aggregation. These two approaches have been rationalized by molecular dynamics computations. The results allow describing the synergy through the structure of the complexes and aggregates. With the same approach, some bifunctional compounds, combining the two extracting sites in one molecule, have been studied and compared to the HDEHP/TOPO system in order to identify the origin of their increased capacities in extraction and selectivity
Hamel, Céline. "Séparation actinides-lanthanides (néodyne) par extraction électrolytique en milieux fluorures fondus." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30034.
Full textThis study concerns the An-Ln and Ln-Solvent separation by electrolytical extraction in molten fluoride media. Three elements are selected: neodymium, uranium and plutonium. Firstly, the electrochemical study of these three compounds in molten fluoride media is performed to evaluate the separations. Electrodeposition processes are studied and the values of formal potentials of U(III)/U(0), Pu(III)/Pu(0) and Nd(III)/Nd(0) are obtained in LiF-CaF2. Thermodynamically, the values of potentials differences are enough to separate U-Nd and Pu-Nd with a yield of extraction of 99. 99%. Concerning the Nd-solvent separation this potential difference is too small. Next, the electrodeposition of solid metals on inert electrodes is performed. This study showed the unstability of U and Nd deposits and the presence of salts in the dendritic U metal. Finally, a reactive cathode is used to improve these results. On Ni electrodes, we shown an improvement of the Pu-Nd and the Nd-solvent separation. Moreover, U and Nd metal are stabilized in the alloy. The formation of liquids alloys makes also easier the recovery of these three elements
Santos, Elizangela Augusta dos. "Recuperação de urânio de rejeito de mina por meio de lixiviação alcalina." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2010. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=130.
Full textUm dos principais problemas ambientais ligados as indústrias minerárias é o gerenciamento adequado dos seus resíduos. O armazenamento destes em locais não apropriados à espera de tratamento é uma questão que exige solução. A mina Osamu Utsumi localizada na cidade de Caldas, Minas Gerais, vem enfrentando esse problema. O resíduo desta mina consiste em uma lama alcalina gerada a partir da neutralização do pH da drenagem ácida de mina e é rico em vários metais, dentre os quais encontra-se o urânio. A recuperação do urânio por técnicas hidrometalúrgicas pode ser uma alternativa viável sobre o reaproveitamento desse material. Uma das técnicas mais indicadas para a recuperação do metal desse resíduo é a lixiviação alcalina. O presente trabalho objetivou definir um processo de lixiviação específico para a recuperação do urânio presente na lama e uma forma eficaz de concentrar o metal presente no licor da lixiviação. Estudou-se variáveis como porcentagem de sólidos, tempo, temperatura, seleção dos agentes extratores, concentração dos reagentes e necessidade ou não de se utilizar oxidantes. Os resultados mostram ser possível extrair 100% do urânio presente na lama sendo que as condições experimentais ideais são 10% de sólidos, [Na2CO3] a 0,50 molL-1, [NaHCO3] a 1,00 molL-1, 20 horas de reação à temperatura ambiente. A caracterização química da amostra realizada por espectrometria de raios-X por dispersão em energia (EDX) evidenciou elementos como Ca, S, Mn e Al como majoritários e o teor de U3O8 foi de 0,25%. A identificação das fases cristalinas, feita por técnica de difração de raios-X, mostrou a etringita (Ca6Al2(SO4)3.(OH)12.26H2O) como fase predominante, o gipso (CaSO4.2H2O) como fase maior, a calcita (CaCO3) como menor e a bassanita (CaSO4.0,5H2O) como fase minoritária. A etapa de concentração constou da avaliação das técnicas de precipitação e troca iônica. Para a precipitação utilizou-se solução de hidróxido de sódio a 10 molL-1 até que o pH da polpa chegasse a 12. Precipitou-se 62% do urânio presente no licor e o teor do metal no precipitado foi de 6,5%. A baixa recuperação na precipitação se deve ao excesso de íons carbonato do licor que interferiu tanto na precipitação quanto na troca iônica. Na precipitação o excesso de carbonato dificulta a desestabilização do ânion complexo [UO2(CO3)3]4- e no caso da troca iônica há a competição entre esses ânions e o íon CO32- pelos sítios de adsorção das resinas. Desta forma, para os ensaios de troca iônica, fez-se necessário submeter o licor gerado na lixiviação a ensaios com a finalidade de eliminar o excesso de íons carbonato. Para tal utilizou-se de aquecimento do licor, ou adição de cal para precipitação do carbonato de cálcio ou a diluição do licor com a solução de drenagem ácida de mina. Tais procedimentos visaram à obtenção de um licor com características adequadas para a posterior adsorção do urânio pelas resinas. As resinas testadas foram a DOWEX RPU e IRA 910 U e os carregamentos foram considerados satisfatórios para ambas, sendo esses valores de 65,0 e 60, 0 mg U/g, respectivamente.
Appropriate management of wastes is one of the most important environmental problems, particularly concerning the tailings of mining activities. Interim storage of the tailings at incorrect places pending treatment demands an urgent solution. The Osamu Utsumi Mine located in the city of Caldas, Minas Gerais, has faced such problem. The waste of the mine consists of an alkaline sludge produced during pH neutralization of acid drainage and is rich in several metals, including uranium. The recovery of uranium by a hydrometallurgical technique can be one alternative for the reuse of this material, alkaline leaching is one of the most indicated techniques to attain that purpose. The present work aimed to develop a specific leaching process for the recovery of uranium present in the sludge and to concentrate the metal in the leaching liquor in a effective way. The following parameters were assessed: solid percentages, residence time, temperature, selection of extracting agents, concentration of reagents and evaluating whether or not to apply oxidants. Results show the possibility of extracting 100% of the uranium contained in the sludge. The better conditions to reach the maximum solubilization are: 10% solid content, 0.50 molL-1 Na2CO3, 1.00 molL-1 NaHCO3, and 20 hours reaction time at room temperature. The chemical characterization of the sample by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) indicated Ca, S, Mn and Al as the main constituents of the sludge, and 0.25 % of U3O8. The crystallized phases present in the sample, according the X-ray diffraction, are ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3.(OH)12.26H2O) as a predominant phase followed by gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), calcite (CaCO3) and bassanite (CaSO4.0.5H2O) as the minority. The concentration step was composed by evaluate of precipitation technique and ionic exchange. In the precipitation stage, 10.0 moL-1 NaOH solution was added to the pulp to reach a pH of 12. The percentage of uranium precipitated from the liquor was 62% and the concentration of metal contained in the precipitate correspond a 6.5%. The low recovery is due to the excess of carbonate ions in the liquor that influenced in the precipitation and ionic exchange. The excess of carbonate in the precipitate hinders the destabilization of the Na4UO2(CO3)3 soluble complex and in the case of ionic exchange there is a competition between CO32- ion and [UO2(CO3)3]4- anion for the adsorption sites of the resins. Based on this fact it was necessary to submit the solution generated in the lixiviation stage to three different tests: heating, lime addition and dilution of the liquor with the acid mine drainage to eliminate the excess of carbonate ions. The aim of this procedure is to obtain a product with suitable characteristics to allow subsequent uranium adsorption by the resin. The adsorption capacities of the two resins used - DOWEX RPU and IRA 910 U were around 65.0 and 60.0 mg U/g of resin, respectively. Both adsorption capacities were considered satisfactory.
Cuvier, Alicia. "Accumulation de l'uranium, de ses descendants et des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols des zones humides autour des anciennes mines d'uranium." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0104/document.
Full textUranium mining and uranium ore processing increase the environmental activity of U and Th decay products and trace elements, in particular in case of releases to the adjacent rivers. Contaminants accumulate then preferentially in sedimentation areas (such as ponds or lakes) or in wetlands (peatlands, marshes or riverbanks) located downstream to the mine. Wetlands – generally located at the head of watershed – are particularly sensitive to environmental changes and anthropogenic pressure. This poses a risk of release of contaminants from these accumulation areas. The objective of the present study is to propose an easily reproducible methodology – in particular for the orphan mining sites – to identify and characterize accumulation areas. This study also aims to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of accumulation and release, in these areas. This study was performed around the former mining site of Bertholène (France). Standing and mobile in situ gamma spectrometry is used to accurately locate the accumulation areas. Soils, sediments, vegetation, water and peat are also sampled upstream and downstream of the mine, in order to (a) characterize the activities and the disequilibria of the U-Th decay chains and the associated trace elements according to the scale of observation, (b) understand the mechanisms of accumulation and release and (c) identify the potential sources using geochemical proxies and isotopic analyses. The results obtained show that radionuclides are mainly accumulated in a flooding area located downstream the mine. Strong U-238 activities (> 20000 Bq.kg-1) and strong Ra-226/U-238 and Th-230/Ra-226 activity ratios are recorded, involving preferential inputs of U-238 and Th-230 during flooding events. Trace element contamination is low, except for Mn, Ba and S. Such contaminations are potentially explained by the geochemical composition of the uranium ore and by the past and current processes of ore and water mine. Sequential extractions highlight the importance of the acido-soluble and the amorphous oxides in the trapping of contaminants. Thus, pH or Eh potential changes could induce major releases of uranium to the environment. The large differences in Pb isotope composition between natural soils and uranium ores, as well the activity ratios of the U-238 and decay chain products, make these indicators helpful to identify the soils and the sediments impacted by uranium mining
Skořepa, Štěpán. "Globální změny v lokalizaci těžby, zpracování a použití uranu: ekonomické a politické souvislosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199925.
Full textPeres, Menezes Mônica. "Exploitations minières et politiques de gestion environnementale : utilisation de l'expertise canadienne en fermeture de mines pour le site de l'ancienne mine d'uranium de l'INB à Caldas (Minas Gerais, Brésil)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21952/21952.pdf.
Full textMining has been historically recognized as one of the most important sources of economic activity in the world. Environmental hazards are intrinsically related to this activity. New environmental policies and mining technologies are continually being discussed in many countries. Nowadays acid mine drainage and other waste streams are the biggest challenges for the worldwide mining industry. The generation of acid drainage at the uranium mine from the brazilian governmental company INB has been recognized as an environmental hazard to the Poços de Caldas region. Despite all the political and technological steps taken by this company, the environmental impacts are still a problem at the uranium mine. With the goal of solving the problems resulting from acid mine drainage in the mining sector, Canada has developed many policies and research programs. Some technological alternatives have been implemented and evaluated by the canadian government and mining companies. These alternatives are not yet 100% efficient and are not long-terme solutions. Monitoring for many years or centuries will be necessary. However, the environmental performance of the the canadian mining sector is notably better than brazilian mining sector. Consequently, all the steps realized by the canadian government and mining industry can be a good example to the brazilian mining sector. Some technological alternatives developed in Canada to minimize acid mine drainage generation can be evaluated by the brazilian government and applied to the environmental management of the INB uranium mine. The development of international environmental policies is also an important tool to minimize environmental problems in some countries whith limited capacity to invest in environmental technologies.
A antiga mina de urânio das Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil, situada no Complexo Mínero industrial de Poços de Caldas/CIPC, em Minas Gerais, no Brasil, cujas atividades de explotação mineral foram encerradas em 1995, é responsável pela geração de drenagem ácida. A drenagem ácida é decorrente da presença de sulfetos, mais especificamente a pirita, na jazida mineral, na rocha estéril et nos rejeitos da mineração. Constitui um impacto ambiental que pode contaminar as águas superficiais e o lençol freático. Consequentemente, a flora, a fauna, as atividades agro-pastoris e a saúde da população local podem ser afetadas. Apesar da existência de uma legislação ambiental brasileira abrangente e, inclusive, de uma Lei de Crimes Ambientais extremamente rigorosa, as medidas adotadas por essa empresa estatal com o intuito de minimizar os impactos e os riscos ambientais decorrentes da atividade mineral no CIPC, são extremamente pontuais e paliativas. Desta forma, a ocorrência de drenagem acida é frequentemente encontrada dentro dos limites deste complexo minero-industrial. No Canadá, diversas políticas governamentais e programas de pesquisa foram desenvolvidos em colaboração com a indústria mineral, afim de caracterizar e minimizar os impactos decorrentes da geração de drenagem ácida, problemática associada à diversas minas canadenses em explotação ou desativadas. Com o intuito de solucionar o problema ambiental encontrado no CIPC, as alternativas tecnológicas adotadas em diversos sítios minerais canadenses foram avaliadas. As pesquisas centrarem-se mais especificamente na regíão uranífera de Elliot Lake, em Ontario et na região mineira da Abitibi, em Quebéc. Apesar das alternativas adotadas no Canadá não serem consideradas 100% eficazes, e necessitarem de um monitoramento durante alguns séculos, os impactos e os riscos ambientais de maior magnitude foram minimizados. Consequentemente, as medidas políticas e técnicas adotadas no Canadá, constituem um exemplo a ser avaliado pelo governo brasileiro durante a elaboração de um plano de gestão ambiental adequado ao CIPC. Dentro deste contexto, o desenvolvimento de políticas ambientais de cooperação internacional, inclusive entre o Brasil e o Canadá, é considerado um instrumento extremamente importante a ser utilizado para a compreensão e minimização dos impactos e riscos ambientais relacionados às atividades de explotação mineral no Brasil.
Rabbe, Catherine. "Apport de la modélisation moléculaire et des relations structure-activité à l'extraction liquide-liquide. Application au cas de l'extraction d'U(VI) par les monoamides." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES028.
Full textZewainy, Raafat Metwally Mohamed [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of soil extraction methods for uranium / Raafat Metwally Mohamed Zewainy. Julius Kühn-Institut. Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften." Quedlinburg : Julius Kühn-Institut, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1105571920/34.
Full textLeblanc, Alexa. "Préconcentration de l'uranium et du plutonium dans les poissons par extraction au point trouble." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33939.
Full textThe methodological development of a simplified approach to extract and quantify uranium and plutonium from fish samples by ICP-MS is the main goal of this master’s work. To do this, the cloud point extraction method (CPE) is used. This method allows the actinides to be separated from the matrix and preconcentrated in a small volume of surfactant. The use of a selective ligand makes it possible to form a complex with uranium and plutonium and then to transfer it inside the micelles. The ligand P, P-di (2-ethylhexyl) of methanediphosphonic acid (H2DEH[MDP]) is used because it has a high extraction potential for actinides. Since uranium and plutonium have a long-half-life, analyzes can be performed by ICP-MS, to know the isotopic ratios of the latter. However, prior to cloud point extraction and analysis, fish samples are processed to remove water and organic matter that can interfere with micelle formation. The various stages required for dissolution, their compatibility with the CPE approach and ICP-MS measurement will be presented for the analysis of large quantities (˃ 500 g) of fresh fishes
Dalencourt, Claire. "Stratégies analytiques pour l'extraction séquencée du Th, U, Ra, Pb et Po dans des matrices environnementales." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36901.
Full textNatural radioactivity is ubiquitous and reported in industrial wastes, such as mining residues. Its presence raises the issue of the management and the sustainability of such wastes. The content in radioactive elements allows to establish the radioactive potential of the residues, necessary to demonstrate their safety for an eventual revalorization. The quantification of the main elements of the thorium and uranium decay series, mainly responsible of natural radioactivity, allows to predict the radioactive potential. In the case of mining residues, current methodologies are not always reliable due to analytical uncertainties, often flirting with governmental limitations. To overcome this issue, new methods must be developed to handle complex matrices as well as being fast, precise and robust. The aim of this thesis is to develop a unique innovative method that combine several sequential resins to selectively extract thorium, uranium, radium, lead and polonium. The targeted analyte can be recovered after selective elution on a single resin. The segregation of the elements from interfering elements originating from the matrix allows their precise measurement on instruments such as alpha spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. To ensure the reliability of the analysis, total sample dissolution techniques have also been investigated. This thesis brings a valuable complement to current techniques such as gamma spectrometry, to screen natural radioactivity with accuracy and precision. Thus, the proposed technique could be applied in both industrial support laboratories and research laboratories. To guide the reader, a theorical part dealing with the chemical and physical properties of elements of interest will be provided. In addition, standard methodologies on their quantification will also be detailed in order demonstrate the novelty of the work presented in this thesis.
Proulx, Michèle. "The uranium mining industry of the Bancroft area, an environmental history and heritage assessment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21696.pdf.
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