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Journal articles on the topic 'Extraction material properties'
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Mareš, Kamil Vavřinec, and Ferdinand Šebesta. "Properties of PAN-TBP extraction chromatographic material." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 302, no. 1 (July 6, 2014): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3297-5.
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Agrienvi. "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36873/a , Mahdi Santoso, Yanciluk." Agrienvi: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 13, no. 02 (February 12, 2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/aev.v13i02.726.
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ABSTRACTNipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) is a non wood lignosellulosic materials that potential as raw material of compositeboard. One of disadvantage of the nipa fronds was contains are very high extractives and inorganic substances. Thepresence of high content of extractives in raw material of particle board potentially be an obstacle in the process ofgluing the composite board. The existing of extractive substances on the surface of the composite board raw materialscontribute to make the bonding process is not going well. On the other side, the utilization of natural binder for nonwood composite is still limited. This research focused to investigated the effects of extractive subtances for bondingperformance of natural binder such as citric acid for nipa fronds particleboard. The particles screened passed throughaperture sizes of 10 mesh and treated with three condition (non extraction, hot water extraction and n -hexanaextraction) were used as materials in this research. Addition of natural binder of 10% based on air dried particles wasdone and pressing temperature was set at 180ºC under a pressure of 3,6 MPa during 10 minutes. The physics andmechanics properties of particleboard was tested by standard JIS A 5908:2003. The results showed that theextractiction treatments for raw material affects on the properties of the particleboards. Hot water extraction treatmentwas able to give the best results. The properties of particleboard was density 0.84 g.cm-3; moisture content 7.44%;thickness swelling 1,12%; water absorption 21,83%; surface roughness 7.57 ?m; internal bonding 0.49 MPa; modulusof rupture 10.42 MPa and modulus of elasticity 3.65 GPa. All of the properties of nipa fronds particleboard meet mostof the standards JIS A 5908:2003.Keywords: Hot water extraction, n-hexane extraction, nipa frond particleboard, natural binder, citric acid.
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Urias-Orona, Vania, Agustin Rascón-Chu, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza, Elizabeth Carvajal-Millán, Alfonso A. Gardea, and Benjamín Ramírez-Wong. "A Novel Pectin Material: Extraction, Characterization and Gelling Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2010): 3686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms11103686.
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Seok, Seonho, HyungDal Park, and Jinseok Kim. "Scotch-tape surface wrinkling based thin-film material properties extraction." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 4 (February 24, 2022): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac542a.
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Abstract This paper presents a new simple method to measure thin film material properties using scotch-tape surface wrinkling. Thin metal films have been deposited on polymer substrates by e-beam evaporation. After patterned by photolithography and wet etching, long and narrow thin metal layers have been transferred by peel-off onto the scotch tape. The effect of velocity of scotch tape peel-off on the metal film transfer from polymer substrates to the scotch tape has been investigated. After metal transfer, metal film wrinkling patterns have been established on the scotch tape due to mechanical properties mismatch between the two materials. The wrinkling patterns have been characterized in term of amplitude and wavelength and they are compared with finite element method buckling simulation results for material properties extraction. By consequence, elastic moduli of 300 nm thick gold film and a multilayer of 30 nm Ti on 300 nm Au have been found 147 GPa and 885 GPa based on the measured wavelength of the wrinkling films.
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Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A., Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran, Zaimah Hasan, R. A. Ilyas, and S. M. Sapuan. "Wheat Biocomposite Extraction, Structure, Properties and Characterization: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213624.
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Biocomposite materials create a huge opportunity for a healthy and safe environment by replacing artificial plastic and materials with natural ingredients in a variety of applications. Furniture, construction materials, insulation, and packaging, as well as medical devices, can all benefit from biocomposite materials. Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated crops. Due to its mechanical and physical properties, wheat starch, gluten, and fiber are vital in the biopolymer industry. Glycerol as a plasticizer considerably increased the elongation and water vapor permeability of wheat films. Wheat fiber developed mechanical and thermal properties as a result of various matrices; wheat gluten is water insoluble, elastic, non-toxic, and biodegradable, making it useful in biocomposite materials. This study looked at the feasibility of using wheat plant components such as wheat, gluten, and fiber in the biocomposite material industry.
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Yun, Liu, Kan Huan, Fan Fang-Yu, Tang Jun-Rong, Zhang Ying-Jun, and Zhao Ping. "Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Polyphenols from Camellia Fascicularis Leaves." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 17, no. 2 (June 12, 2018): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:164-171.
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A microwave-assisted extraction method was established and optimized for extracting polyphenols from the leaves of Camellia fascicularis, which possess antioxidant properties. Microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from C. fascicularis leaves was optimized using response surface methodology. The influential factors, including ethanol concentration, ratio of liquid to raw material, and microwave power, were studied to optimize the extraction process, while setting the irradiation time to 20 s. The optimum process parameters, namely, ethanol concentration of 50%, the ratio of liquid to raw material of 32 mL/g, and microwave power of 160 W, contributed to the highest polyphenol yield of 106.1 mg GAE/g dw. The crude polyphenols were purified through an HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column to obtain purified C. fascicularis polyphenols. Antioxidant assay demonstrated that purified polyphenols from C. fascicularis showed significant antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner for scavenging hydroxyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. Thus, microwave-assisted extraction was an effective method of extracting polyphenols from C. fascicularis leaves, which might be an excellent food material with potential antioxidant properties.
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Qu, Wenjuan, Shuangqian Shi, Pingping Li, Zhongli Pan, and Chandrasekar Venkitasamy. "Extraction Kinetics and Properties of Proanthocyanidins from Pomegranate Peel." International Journal of Food Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0034.
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Abstract With an objective of developing a safe and efficient method to extract proanthocyanidins products from pomegranate peel for use in nutraceuticals or as food additives, the effects of extraction parameters on the production efficiency, product properties, and extraction kinetics were systematically studied. The results showed that both extraction temperature and water–material ratio had significant effects on the proanthocyanidins content, but the yield was significantly affected only by temperature. The moderate temperature and water–material ratio were beneficial to maintain high proanthocyanidins scavenging activity and good product quality. The second-order extraction and Arrhenius kinetic models were developed and successfully used to predict the proanthocyanidins yield for given conditions tested. Extraction temperature of 60°C, water–material ratio of 30:1 g g−1, and time of 10 min are recommended for proanthocyanidins extraction from pomegranate peel, which corresponded to the highest yield of 40.6 mg g−1 and content of 89.1 mg g−1 having a scavenging activity of 31.5 g g−1, and an attractive reddish yellow color.
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Lisovaya, E. V., E. P. Victorova, A. V. Sverdlichenko, and N. N. Kornen. "Secondary resources of tomato processing as a valuable raw material for obtaining food ingredients." New Technologies 17, no. 2 (June 6, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-2-40-47.
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It is known that enterprises processing vegetables and fruits generate secondary resources (waste), in particular, pomace, in significant volumes. The most valuable, in terms of the composition and content of biologically active macro- and micronutrients, is tomato pomace. Tomato pomace is a valuable source of natural carotenoids, including lycopene, which exhibits high antioxidant activity. The article provides an overview of scientific research aimed at developing methods for extracting carotenoids, including lycopene, from recycled tomato processing resources. It has been shown that, in general, when extracting carotenoids, including lycopene, from secondary resources of tomato processing, various methods of drying and grinding the raw material are used, and then biologically active substances are extracted. It should be noted that the method of pretreatment of the feedstock, the nature of the solvent, the temperature and duration of the extraction process have a significant effect on the antioxidant activity and bioavailability of carotenoids obtained as a result of extraction. It is shown that the use of a pulsed electric field, treatment with enzymes and ultrasonic treatment of tomato pomace allow to intensify the process of extraction of carotenoids and maximally preserve their antioxidant properties. Thus, it can be concluded that tomato pomace is a valuable raw material for obtaining extracts of carotenoids and, first of all, lycopene, and the development of effec- tive modes of the extraction process that ensure the maximum manifestation of antioxidant properties and the bioavailability of the extracted substance is an urgent task.
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Sri, Wuryanti, Suhardjo Poertadji, Bambang Soegijono, and Nasution Henry. "Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Insulation Properties of Eic-Cellulose." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.322.
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The material with low thermal conductivity means it has a high insulating capability for reducing heat transfer. One of materials for insulation is cellulose. This study presents a insulation material of cellulose made from reeds imperata cylindrical type with the extraction process. The extraction of cellulose fibers to form a sheet by adding 3.5% Na-CMC (Sodium Cellulose Carboksil Metyl). The process of forming the sheet uses blender for 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Furthermore, each mixture are put into the oven with temperature of 40°C for 36 hours. There are three parameters will be investigated, i.e. thermal conductivity, density and thermal capacity. The results showed that the lowest and the highest of thermal conductivities were 0.22 W/m K and a maximum 0.36 W/m K, respectively.
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Clayton, John D., Daniel T. Casem, Jeffrey T. Lloyd, and Emily H. Retzlaff. "Toward Material Property Extraction from Dynamic Spherical Indentation Experiments on Hardening Polycrystalline Metals." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020276.
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Static indentation and dynamic indentation are reviewed, with a focus on extraction of material properties of isotropic strain-hardening polycrystalline metals that may be rate- and temperature-sensitive. Static indentation is reviewed first, followed by dynamic indentation, since the former is regarded as a specialization of the latter with inertia, rate dependence, and adiabatic heating excluded. Extending concepts from the literature review, a treatment of dynamic indentation using dimensional analysis is forwarded, and a general framework for extraction of material property information (i.e., constitutive model parameters) from instrumented dynamic spherical indentation experiments is set forth. In an example application of the methodology, experimental data obtained from instrumented spherical indentation in a miniature Kolsky bar apparatus are evaluated via dimensional analysis. The substrate material is aluminum alloy Al 6061-T6. Several definitions of indentation strain proposed for static indentation are assessed for dynamic indentation, as are indentation strain rates. While the fidelity of the experimental method and inertial effects could inhibit extraction of elastic properties, extraction of certain plastic constitutive properties may be feasible. Current data are insufficient to enable determination of a complete and unique set of all physical properties. Motivated by the present review and analysis, new experiments and simulations are proposed that would identify influences of material properties, facilitating their extraction from data.
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Trufanova, N. S., S. A. Artishchev, E. R. Ragimov, A. G. Loschilov, and A. M. Malyshenko. "Technique for extraction of electric frequency parameters of conductive ink." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2291, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2291/1/012015.
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Abstract In this paper, we consider a technique for extracting parameters that allows calculating nodes taking into account the properties of the material used in the technology of printer printing. As a result of the extraction of parameters, the real parameters of the material were revealed. At 1 GHz, the loss of a 20 µm microstrip line is 12 dB/m. With a threefold increase in thickness, the losses decreased to 7 dB/m.
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Korir, P. C., A. M. Salim, J. O. Odalo, W. Waudo, L. M. Gitu, and Amir O. Yusuf. "Optimization of Extraction Condition and Characterization of Malva Verticillata Root Bark Mucilage." International Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (March 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v10n2p1.
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The study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions and establishing the physicochemical properties of the mucilage obtained from root bark of Malva verticillata. Effects of temperature, time, particle size and amount of water as a solvent on the yield and composition of mucilage were established. Micrometric, physical, chemical and structural properties were used to characterise the extracted mucilage. Result showed significant correlation between extraction conditions and mucilage yield. Low temperature and short extraction time results into pharmaceutically valuable mucilage with low protein content, high viscosity and good dispersion in aqueous solvent. Large and small size particles of the plant material results into low mucilage yield without significant difference (p=0.054). The mucilage shows mixed cohesiveness with less tendencies to flow. It exhibits vibration bands in FTIR that are associated with the presence of polysaccharides and proteins. The mucilage contains 2.65% protein, 13.83% inorganics, 1.85% fats, and the rest carbohydrates. High extractive value ˃80% and moisture content ˃12% implies that mucilage has high tendency to microbial attack. Optimized extraction conditions results into high yield of the mucilage with the same physicochemical properties and mineral composition regardless of the plant material sampling sites.
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Boumaza, Abderrachid, Mohamed Lyes Kamel Khouadjia, Hamdi Oualid, and Hichem Alioui. "Volcanic tuff as a raw material for alkali-activated materials." International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches 7, no. 7 (August 9, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.1331.
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Currently, the use of geopolymers as cementitious materials is constantly evolving due to theirexcellent properties and efficiency, such as low CO2 emissions, high compressive strength, and lowpermeability. On the other hand, volcanic tuff can be used as a potential raw material for syntheticgeopolymers due to its reactivity, wide availability in nature, low extraction cost, and relatively lowenvironmental impact. This paper presents a review of recent studies on the use of volcanic tuff as a mainbinder in the manufacture of geopolymers. The results reported by the researchers concern durability andmechanical performance, as well as the factors affecting these properties, such as the effect of activatortypes, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, curing temperature, and the addition of othercementitious materials. The results clearly showed that increasing the activator concentration and curingtemperature had a significant effect on mechanical properties, as well as that the activator (Na2SiO3 +NaOH) reduced water absorption values by creating a more compact structure in all samples thanactivation by NaOH alone. Recent results suggest that volcanic tuff-based geopolymers have mechanical,physical, and durability properties similar to or better than those of ordinary Portland cement concrete,but further research is needed to make them an economically and technically efficient building material.
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Surowiak, J. F., J. Schatzker, and T. C. Hearn. "Effects of Tapping on the Holding Strength of Cancellous Bone Screws." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 05, no. 01 (1992): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633123.
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SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine whether tapping affects the holding strength of cancellous bone screws in soft material. Paired extraction tests were conducted using 6.5 mm cancellous bone screws in porous polyurethane foam. One member of each pair had a pre-tapped pilot hole, the other was inserted in a self-tapping manner. The maximum value of tensile force during extraction with a servohydraulic materials testing machine was recorded as the screw holding strength.Comparison of the holding strengths between the pre-tapped and self-tapping groups revealed a lower mean holding strength for the pre-tapped group (p <0.05). This result contrasts with previous studies which showed that pre-tapping increases the holding strength of bone screws in relatively stronger materials. The effect of tapping on the holding strength of bone screws is therefore dependant on the material properties of the host medium.This study examined the effect of tapping the pilot hole on the extraction strength of 6.5 mm cancellous bone screws in soft, synthetic cancellous material. In contrast with previous studies in stronger materials, it was found that tapping significantly reduces the holding strength of bone screws. The effects of tapping depend on the material properties of the host medium.
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Feng, Shao Ping, Zhao Long Huang, Wei Liu, Zi Jing Li, Yan Jiang, and Rui Min Xiao. "Study on Properties of Extraction Palladium(II) with the New Synthesized Material." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1342.
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In this study, the solvent extraction of Pd(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions was investigated using the new synthesized material, 2-ethylhexyl benzothiazolyl sulfide (EHBTS) which was dissolved in xylene. Pd(II) was strongly extracted by 7% EHBTS in a lower concentration hydrochloric acid solution. Extraction parameters of Pd(II), including EHBTS concentration in different diluents, contact time of aqueous and organic phases, organic/aqueous (O/A) phase ratio and HCl concentration of aqueous phase, were studied. Quantitative extraction of Pd(II) occurred at 0.1 mol.L-1 of HCl concentration, 7% of EHBTS concentration, 1.0 of O/A, 40 min of contact time. In addition，the percentage stripping of Pd(II) could be more than 98% when thiourea concentration was 0.8 mol.L-1. EHBTS can be used more than 8 as extractant to extract of Pd(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions.
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Safin, Ruslan R., Farida V. Nazipova, Ruslan R. Khasanshin, and Alexander E. Voronin. "Pre-Treatment of Vegetable Waste in the Production of Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.53.
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Currently, the use of technogenic raw materials, including wood waste is one of the trends in manufacturing of building materials. This is due to the limited resources, the need for long-distance transportation, the high material and energy cost of some technological processes of raw materials extraction and processing. All of them greatly hamper the development of the industry of building materials based on natural resources. Different cellulosic fillers of vegetable origin are used for the production of wood-cement compositions at the moment. Organic fillers along with the inherent valuable properties have a number of specific properties which have a significant effect on the processes of structure formation, structural-mechanical and construction properties of composites. The results of the research of the processes of water-soluble components removal from raw wood material are presented in the article. Processing of raw wood material was carried out in water and weak alkali solution in the research process. It is established that additional ultrasonic treatment considerably intensifies and increases the extraction of water-soluble sugars. The conducted research shows the possibility of improving the composite wood materials manufacturing technology with the aim of improving their performance without significant capital investments.
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Konarski, Stephanie G., and Caleb F. Sieck. "Extraction of dynamic effective material properties for 2D acoustic Willis media." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010769.
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Acoustic Willis media is characterized by coupling between the kinetic and potential energy through the pressure-strain and momentum density-velocityrelationships. The introduction of additional constitutive properties allows more appropriate characterization of complex unit cells, including effects related to physical asymmetry, finite phase and multiple scattering, and nonreciprocal biases. Similar to traditional composites or other metamaterials, homogenization is a valuable modeling tool that simplifies numerical study of Willis media. However, homogenization schemes must be altered to account for even and/or odd Willis coupling parameters. In this work, we extend a 2D homogenization approach to account for the Willis coupling using the modified dynamic equations. With this homogenization scheme, finite layers of N unit cells and N + 1 unit cells are utilized with different propagation angles and incident directions to isolate the response across a single unit cell. Numerical simulations with the finite element method will then be presented to validate the homogenization model and demonstrate the effective material properties obtained for an asymmetric unit cell. [This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
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Ivashchuk, Oleksandr, Anna Hlukhaniuk, Yevgen Semenyshyn, Roman Chyzhovych, Tetiana Kuzminchuk, and Semen Khomyak. "Influence of Extraction Conditions on Qualitative Composition of Vegetable Oils." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.02.233.
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The influence of the production conditions for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction in the system “solid – liquid” on the qualitative composition of the obtained vegetable oils has been studied. The main chemical values (acid value, iodine value, ester value, saponification value) and optical properties (refractometric refractive index and UV-Vis spectroscopy) for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction using methylene chloride as a solvent from different plant raw materials (grade of grinding is 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mm) and mixtures of crushed grain fractions have been determined. It has been shown that the grade of grinding of the raw material affects the quality of the obtained product.
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ЕРЕМЕЕВА, Н. Б., and В. А. ИВАНОВА. "INFLUENCE OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ON THE EXTRACTION OFBIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM PLANT RAW MATERIAL." Известия вузов. Пищевая технология, no. 2-3(392) (July 26, 2023): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26297/0579-3009.2023.2-3.16.
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Лекарственное растительное сырье имеет высокий потенциал для использования в производстве пище- вых продуктов засчет большого количества биологически активных веществ, которые обладают антиоксидантными свойствами. Для полного извлеченияданных веществ необходимо правильно подобрать параметры процесса экстра- гирования. Целью исследования является изучение химического состава и его зависимости от условий экстракции бадана корневищ, цветков василька синего, побегов черники, сеннылистьев и толокнянки листьев. Одним из ключе- вых параметров экстракции является выбранный растворитель и температура процесса. На основании эксперимен- тальных данных выбраны режимы процесса получения экстракта: экстрагирование 50%-ым этиловым спиртоммето- дом мацерации при температуре 40°C в течение 240 мин, гидромодуль 1 : 10. Антиоксидантные свойства оценивали по общему содержанию фенольных веществ (эквивалент галловой кислоты) и флавоноидов (эквивалент катехина). Наблюдалось высокое общее содержание фенольных веществ (ГК) и флавоноидов (К) в экстрактах толокнянки ли- стьев и сенны листьев – 1645 мг ГК/100 г ИС, 913 мг К/100 г ИС и 1844 мг ГК/100 г ИС, 596 мг К/100 г ИС соответ- ственно, в связи с чем их рекомендуется использовать в качествекомпонентов пищевых продуктов для придания им антиоксидантных свойств. Medicinal plant materials have a high potential for use in food production due to the large number of biologically active substances that have antioxidant properties. For the complete extraction of these substances, it is necessary to correctly select the parameters of the extractionprocess. The aim of the study is to study the chemical composition and its dependence on the extraction conditions of bergenia rhizomes, blue cornflower flowers, blueberry shoots, senna leaves and bearberry leaves. One of the key extraction parameters is the chosen solvent and process temperature. Based on the experimental data, the modes of the extract preparation process were selected: extraction with 50% ethyl alcohol by maceration at a temperature of 40°C for 240 min, hydromodulus 1 : 10. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by the total content of phenolic substances (gallic acid equivalent) and flavonoids (catechin equivalent). A high total content of phenolic substances (GA) and flavonoids (C) wasobserved in extracts of bearberry leaves and senna leaves – 1645 mg GA / 100 g Feedstock, 913 mg C / 100 g Feedstock and 1844 mg GA / 100 g Feedstock, 596 mg C / 100 g Feedstock, respectively, in connection with which they are recommended to be used as components of food productsto give them antioxidant properties.
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Nurlilasari, Puspita, Camellia Panatarani, Mia Miranti, Savira Ekawardhani, Ferry Faizal, and I. Made Joni. "Functional Magnetite Nanoparticle: A Review on the Particles Lysis and Nucleic Acid Separation." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 33 (June 15, 2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.33.13.
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The functional magnetite nanoparticles are one of the most important functional materials for nucleic acid separation. Cell lysis and magnetic separation are two essential steps involve in optimizing nucleic acid extraction using the magnetic beads method. Many coating materials, coupling agents, chemical cell lysis, and several methods have been proposed to produce the specific desired properties for nucleic acid extraction. The important properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, linking ability, hydrophobicity, and biodegradable, were considered. The appropriate coating material of magnetite core and coupling agent are necessary to give biomolecules a possibility to link with each other through chemical conjugation. In this review, progress in functional magnetite nanoparticles to optimize the high binding performance in nucleic acid extraction is discussed.
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Díaz-García, Almudena, Carmen Martínez-García, and Teresa Cotes-Palomino. "Properties of Residue from Olive Oil Extraction as a Raw Material for Sustainable Construction Materials. Part I: Physical Properties." Materials 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10020100.
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Vu, Anh T., Nhung T. B. Tran, Linh Q. Phan, Y. N. N. Nguyen, and Minh C. Nguyen. "Flavonoid extraction from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) for the development of a wound-healing gel with antimicrobial properties." Journal of Agriculture and Development 22, no. 02 (April 30, 2023): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.6.02.2023.
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This study focused on extracting flavonoids, a group of natural compounds with high biological activity, from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata). Various extraction conditions were investigated including the ratio of raw material to solvent, temperature, and extraction time. The highest flavonoid content was obtained when using ethanol with a concentration of 70% and a raw material-to-solvent ratio of 1:200 g/mL, at a temperature of 50oC for 2 h. Additionally, antibacterial activity test revealed that both the extract and gel (supplemented with the extract) were effective in limiting the growth of three bacteria strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. Therefore, this study suggests that this wild plant species may be a good source of natural antibacterial agents.
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Beata Łabowska, Magdalena, Izabela Michalak, and Jerzy Detyna. "Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 738–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0077.
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AbstractIn this paper, the current state-of-art of extraction of alginates and the determination of their physico-chemical properties as well as their overall applications focussing on biomedical purposes has been presented. The quality and quantity of the alginate obtained with a variable yield prepared from brown seaweeds as a result of many factors, such as type of algae, extraction methods, chemical modification and others. Alginates are mainly extracted by using conventional alkaline extraction. However, novel extraction techniques such as microwave and ultrasound assisted extractions have gained a lot of interest. The extraction parameters (e.g., temperature and time of extraction) have critical impact on the alginate physiochemical and mechanical properties and thus, their potential applications. By controlling a chemical process makes it possible get various forms of alginates, such as fibres, films, hydrogels or foams. It is important to characterise the obtained alginates in order to their proper applications. This article presents several techniques used for the analysis of alginate properties. These natural polysaccharides are widely used in the commercial production, as a food ingredient, in the pharmaceutical industry due to their antibacterial, anticancer and probiotic properties. Their gelling characteristic and absorbable properties enable using alginates as a wound management material. Moreover, they are also biocompatible, non-toxic and biodegradable, therefore adequate in other biomedical applications.
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Seok, Seonho, HyungDal Park, Philippe Coste, and Jinseok Kim. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Surface Wrinkling for Extraction of Thin Metal Film Material Properties." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040747.
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This paper presents a direct numerical simulation for the extraction of material properties based on thin-film wrinkling on scotch tape. Conventional FEM-based buckling simulation sometimes requires complex modeling techniques concerning mesh element manipulation or boundary conditions. The direct numerical simulation differs from FEM (finite element method)-based conventional two-step linear–nonlinear buckling simulation in that mechanical imperfections are directly applied into the elements of the simulation model. Hence, it can be performed in one step to find the wrinkling wavelength and amplitude, which are key parameters to extract the material mechanical properties. Moreover, the direct simulation can reduce simulation time and modeling complexity. Using the direct model, the effect of the number of imperfections on wrinkling characteristics was first studied, and then wrinkling wavelengths depending on the elastic moduli of the associated materials were prepared for the extraction of material properties. Thin-film wrinkling test patterns on scotch tape were fabricated using the transfer technique with low adhesion between metal films and the polyimide substrate. The material properties of the thin metal films were determined by comparing the measured wrinkling wavelengths and the proposed direct simulation results. By consequence, the elastic moduli of 300 nm thick gold film and 300 nm thick aluminum were determined as 250 GPa and 300 GPa, respectively.
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Choi, Jae Won, Jin Kyu Kim, Yeon Hwa Kim, Jong Uk Kim, and Jou Hyeon Ahn. "Electrochemical Properties of Primary Li/FeS2 Batteries." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.658.
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Iron disulfide (FeS2) is attractive as a positive electrode material in lithium batteries because of its low material cost, environmental non-toxicity, and high specific energy density. Furthermore, natural pyrite is a secondary product of the mining extraction of coal. For such reasons, natural and synthetic pyrites have been proposed as active cathode materials in primary lithium batteries. We investigated the effect of temperature and current density on the electrochemical properties of lithium-FeS2 batteries. The specific discharge capacity of Li/FeS2 cells varied from 700 to 900mAh/g based on FeS2.
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Antoniou, Chrystalla, Angelos Kyratzis, Youssef Rouphael, Stelios Stylianou, and Marios C. Kyriacou. "Heat- and Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Soluble Carbohydrates and Phenolics from Carob Kibbles of Variable Size and Source Material." Foods 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101364.
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Aqueous extraction of carob kibbles is the fundamental step in the production of carob juice and carob molasses. Improving the theoretical yield in sugars during organic solvent-free aqueous extraction is of prime interest to the food industry. Collateral extraction of phenolics, however, must be monitored as it influences the sensory and functional profile of carob juice. We presently examined the impact of source material, kibble size, temperature, and duration on the efficiency of extracting sugars and phenolics aqueously by conventional heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) methods. Source material was the most influential factor determining the concentration of phenolics extracted by either method. Source material also influenced the relative proportions of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, which may impact the perceived sweetness of the juice. Kibble size (medium size M = 9–13 mm; powder size P = 1–4 mm) was more influential with UAE than HAE for both sugars and phenolics but was rendered less influential with prolonged UAE duration. Increasing HAE temperature (from 25 °C to 75 °C) favored the extraction of phenolics over sugars; however, prolonging extraction at 25 °C improved sugar yield without excessive yield in phenolics. Disproportionate extraction of phenolics over sugars limits the use of heat-assisted extraction to improve sugar yield in carob juice production and may shift the product’s sensory profile toward astringency. Prolonged extraction at near ambient temperature can, however, improve sugar yield, keeping collateral extraction of phenolics low. Ultrasound agitation constitutes an effective means of extracting sugars from powder-size kibbles. Industrial application of both methodologies depends on the targeted functional and sensory properties of carob juice.
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Semushkin, Denis, Bulat Ziganshin, Nikolay Semushkin, Sergey Alatyrev, and Ivan Maksimov. "CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRACTION PROCESSES BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM PLANT RAW MATERIALS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 18, no. 2 (July 12, 2023): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-108-116.
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The article considers the processes of extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials, classifications are given. Methods for activating the extraction process have been identified, which make it possible to carry out work to improve the technological process of extraction and improve the design of installations for obtaining plant extracts. An extended classification of processes for the extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials has been proposed. Ways of activation of extraction processes are revealed. Classification of extraction preparations for plant materials can be carried out on the basis of various extraction systems and production technologies. The following classification schemes for the technological process of extraction are compiled and presented in the article: a schematic representation of extraction as a physical and chemical process; graphical representation of the extraction process; features of extraction of biologically active substances from raw materials with a cellular structure; stages of the extraction process; types of diffusion of biologically active substances from the internal structures of the material into the extractant; factors determining the efficiency of the extraction process; classification of extraction preparations from plant materials according to the production technology, taking into account extraction systems; parameters characterizing the extraction process; methods for determining the distribution coefficient of a substance in a plant extract; ways to activate the extraction process. Each type of extraction has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be more or less effective depending on the type of plant material and the purpose of using the extract. Therefore, the choice of an extraction system should be based on a thorough analysis of the properties of plant materials and the requirements for the final product. Thus, the identified methods for activating the extraction process make it possible to carry out work to improve the technological process of extraction and the design of installations for obtaining plant extracts.
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Matei, Petronela Lina, Cristina Busuioc, Niculina Ionescu, Anicuta Stoica-Guzun, and Nicoleta-Aurelia Chira. "Cnicus benedictus Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel: Extraction Optimization and Biodiesel Yield." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 13193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313193.
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Cnicus benedictus fruits were used as raw material to extract oil, and the resulting oil was converted into biodiesel. Two extraction methods were tested: batch extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction. Response surface methodology was considered for the optimization of the process efficiency. The selected key independent variables were temperature, extraction time, and solid/liquid ratio for batch extraction and ultrasound intensity, temperature, and extraction time for the ultrasound assisted extraction, respectively. The optimal working conditions are different for the two extraction techniques, with respect to temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and extraction time, respectively, leading to higher extraction efficiency in the case of the ultrasound-assisted extraction. Cnicus benedictus oil obtained under the optimal extraction conditions was further esterified with methanol under acid catalysis to yield biodiesel. The biodiesel was characterized through 1H-NMR and the main fuel properties were determined.
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Yuvanatemiya, Vasin, Pao Srean, Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud, Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, Jittimon Wongsa, Thanya Parametthanuwat, and Narin Charoenphun. "A Review of the Influence of Various Extraction Techniques and the Biological Effects of the Xanthones from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Pericarps." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 8775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248775.
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Xanthones are significant bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites in mangosteen pericarps. A xanthone is a phenolic compound and versatile scaffold that consists of a tricyclic xanthene-9-one structure. A xanthone may exist in glycosides, aglycones, monomers or polymers. It is well known that xanthones possess a multitude of beneficial properties, including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, xanthones can be used as raw material and/or an ingredient in many food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. Although xanthones can be used in various therapeutic and functional applications, their properties and stability are determined by their extraction procedures. Extracting high-quality xanthones from mangosteen with effective therapeutic effects could be challenging if the extraction method is insufficient. Although several extraction processes are in use today, their efficiency has not yet been rigorously evaluated. Therefore, selecting an appropriate extraction procedure is imperative to recover substantial yields of xanthones with enhanced functionality from mangosteens. Hence, the present review will assist in establishing a precise scenario for finding the most appropriate extraction method for xanthones from mangosteen pericarp by critically analyzing various conventional and unconventional extraction methods and their ability to preserve the stability and biological effects of xanthones.
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Li, Na, and Zi Ping Zhu. "Extraction Technology and Physicochemical Properties of Broccoli Protein." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.174.
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In this study, protein is extracted with broccoli stems and leaves as raw material. Meanwhile, the enzymatic technology-assisted extraction and the physicochemical properties of broccoli protein are investigated. Furthermore, the extraction technology of broccoli stems and leaves is optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results show that, the influence of each factor to extraction rate decreases by temperature > pH > time in order. By calculation, the optimal condition is pH 6, temperature 60 °C, extraction time 20 h, and the water holding capacity, swelling property, and cation exchange capability of broccoli protein are 3.32 ±0.10 mL/g, 4.77 ±0.59 g/g, 7.52 ±0.17 mmol/g respectively, which are higher than those of soybean protein.
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Bandura, Valentyna. "INNOVATIVE ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES OF THE SOYE EXTRACTION PROCESS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(108) (August 27, 2020): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-1-10.
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The key process for extracting oils from raw materials is extraction. In this case, extraction is a complex and time-consuming process. The extraction process is characterized by low intensity. One of the most promising and innovative methods of extracting plant material is the use of microwave technologies. As there are no generally accepted recommendations for microwave extraction regimens and extract properties, this makes it impossible to create the appropriate technology and to develop a microwave extractor to obtain the target substances. The article reviews the existing equipment for extraction of various raw materials. It is shown that pulsed electromagnetic field is an effective tool for the implementation of microwave technology. The degree of intensification of mass transfer processes with the application of directional energy diffusion technologies can be much higher than the possibilities of traditional technologies. Scientists study that traditional processes take 3 hours or more, and the process of barodiffusion plus gravity takes less than 30 minutes. The results of the study of the innovative process of soybean extraction using microwave technologies are presented in the article. With increasing temperature, the extraction rate increased, which was associated with an increase in the rates of chemical reactions and diffusion coefficients, a positive effect on the kinetic, internally and externally diffusive nucleus, the driving force of the process increased, and the resistance to its course decreased. The intensification of the extraction process by the microwave field occurs by increasing the pressure inside the capillaries of the vegetable raw materials, with their subsequent destruction and maximum flow of the target component into the extractant. There is a flow of diffusion, which contributes to a significant reduction in time and increase the extraction of valuable components from raw materials. The use of microwave technologies is real and promising as the extraction process facilitates the release of the target component with a significant increase in the concentration (an average of 2 times) and a significant reduction in the oil extraction time.
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Piątek-Hnat, Marta, Kuba Bomba, and Jakub Pęksiński. "Structure and Properties of Biodegradable Poly (Xylitol Sebacate-Co-Butylene Sebacate) Copolyester." Molecules 25, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071541.
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In this work, a bio-based copolyester with good mechanical properties was synthesized and characterized in terms of structure, main properties and biodegradability Determining the chemical structure of such materials is important to understand their behavior and properties. Performing an extraction of insoluble cross-linked polymer using different solvents allowed us to analyze how the polymer behaves when subjected to different chemical environments, and to obtain soluble samples suitable for more in-depth analysis. Chemical structure of poly (xylitol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) was determined by a 1H NMR and FTIR analysis of both prepolymer gel sample and samples obtained by extraction of cross-linked polymer using different solvents. Block structure of the copolymer was confirmed by both NMR and DSC. Gel fraction, swelling value, water contact angle, and mechanical properties were also analyzed. Biodegradability of this material was confirmed by performing enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation. Synthesizing sugar-alcohol based copolyester using three monomers leads to obtaining a material with interesting chemical structure and desirable mechanical properties comparable to conventional elastomers.
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Ma, Yunjie, Yang Ruan, Xin Gao, Hang Cui, Wei Zhang, and Shaoyan Wang. "Preparation of a Novel Resin Based Covalent Framework Material and Its Application in the Determination of Phenolic Endocrine Disruptors in Beverages by SPE-HPLC." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172935.
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A new type of economical covalent organic framework material(COF), namely resin based covalent organic framework material, was prepared by combining resin and covalent organic framework material by hydrothermal synthesis, which was based on the preparation of traditional COF material(TpBD COF). The properties of the material and covalent organic framework material were compared in the way of characterization, and the possible reaction mechanism was analyzed. The solid phase extraction separation (SPE) ability of this material for four kinds of phenolic endocrine disrupting compounds (bisphenol F, bisphenol A, octylphenol and nonylphenol) in beverage samples was investigated. The results showed that the prepared COF materials had abundant internal channels, ordered structure, large specific surface area (TpBD COF: 814.6 m2/g and resin based COF: 623.9 m2/g) and good thermal stability (pyrolysis temperature was 443 °C and 437 °C, respectively). Solid phase extraction experiments demonstrated that the two COF materials as adsorbent of solid phase extraction column had ideal adsorption separation effect and good anti-interference ability, and had strong anti-interference ability. The SPE effect was superior to the traditional solid phase extraction column. The precision RSD of this method was less than 3%. This SPE method had high recovery and could be reused (carbonated beverage: 98.18–102.18% and beverage: 98.52–101.79%), In addition, the recovery of the material did not change significantly in the 50 cycles of solid phase extraction, indicating that the material had good stability and could be reused, which could meet the requirements for the detection and analysis of trace pollutants in environmental samples. The resin based COF material prepared in this study could reduce the cost of monomer uses and provide a possibility for its industrial production. At the same time, as an efficient SPE adsorbent, it also provided a new research scheme for the enrichment of trace phenolic endocrine disruptors in beverage samples.
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Gao, Yuhang, Chen Liu, Fei Yao, and Fusheng Chen. "Aqueous enzymatic extraction of peanut oil body and protein and evaluation of its physicochemical and functional properties." International Journal of Food Engineering 17, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2021-0226.
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Abstract Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) is a new technology for extracting vegetable oil body which has the advantages of low energy consumption, product safety, mild reaction conditions, and simultaneous separation of oil and protein. Among the enzymes tested in the present work, Viscozyme L (compound plant hydrolase) exhibited the highest extraction activity during peanut oil extraction. Extraction was optimized using response surface methodology, and optimal conditions were enzymatic temperature 51.5 °C, material-to-liquid ratio 1:3.5, enzymatic concentration 1.5%, and enzymatic time 90 min, yielding total oil body and protein of 93.67 ± 0.59% and 76.84 ± 0.68%, respectively. The fatty acid composition and content, and various quality indicators were not significantly different from those of cold-pressed oil, hence peanut oil produced by AEE met the same standards as cold-pressed first-grade peanut oil. Additionally, the functional properties of peanut protein produced by AEE were superior to those of commercially available peanut protein.
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Campillo-Cora, Claudia, Laura Rodríguez-González, Manuel Arias-Estévez, David Fernández-Calviño, and Diego Soto-Gómez. "Influence of Physicochemical Properties and Parent Material on Chromium Fractionation in Soils." Processes 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9061073.
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Chromium is an element that possess several oxidation states and can easily pass from one to another, so its behavior in soils is very complex. For this reason, determining its fate in the environment can be difficult. In this research work we tried to determine which factors affect the chromium fractionation in natural soils, conditioning chromium mobility. We paid special attention to the parent material. For this purpose, extraction experiments were carried out on spiked soils incubated for 50–60 days, using H2O, CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The most efficient extraction rate in all soils was achieved using water, followed by CaCl2 and DTPA. We obtained models with an adjusted R2 of 0.8097, 0.8471 and 0.7509 for the H2O Cr, CaCl2 Cr and DTPA Cr respectively. All models were influenced by the amount of chromium added and the parent material: amphibolite and granite influenced the amount of H2O Cr extracted, and schist affected the other two fractions (CaCl2 and DTPA). Soil texture also played an important role in the chromium extraction, as well as the amounts of exchangeable aluminum and magnesium, and the bioavailable phosphorus. We concluded that it is possible to make relatively accurate predictions of the behavior of the different Cr fractions studied, so that optimized remediation strategies for chromium-contaminated soils can be designed on the basis of a physicochemical soil characterization.
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He, Huaqi, Minxiang Liu, and Shengjuan Jiang. "Antioxidant responses of Hericium erinaceus ingredients based on response surface methodology." International Food Research Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.28.2.08.
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Hericium erinaceus, a type of wood-rotting mushroom with many bioactive compounds, is effective to prevent and treat many human diseases. In order to acquire more bioactive materials, evaluation of extraction efficiencies, influencing factors, and available antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extractions were investigated by response surface methodology. The antioxidant activities (reducing power, scavenging activities of DPPH, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radicals) and material contents (protein, polyphenol, and flavonoid) were optimised by a Box-Behnken design. The results showed that extraction temperature and solid-liquid ratio were the dominant factors in influencing most responses. In addition, it was difficult to maximise all of the responses simultaneously under any set of condition groups. Flavonoid was the main contributor to the scavenging activity of DPPH and superoxide anion, while protein and polyphenol majorly affected the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals. The antioxidant activities of the same fruiting bodies were related to extraction conditions, chemical constitutions, and physicochemical properties of the extractions. Following these results, further research on the extracts to identify important bioactive compounds for potential nutraceutical and medicinal use is underway.
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Jin, Xuchen, Zhenhua Hu, Shufang Wu, Tao Song, Fengxia Yue, and Zhouyang Xiang. "Promoting the material properties of xylan-type hemicelluloses from the extraction step." Carbohydrate Polymers 215 (July 2019): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.092.
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Oslan, Siti Nur Hazwani, Cheng Xue Li, Rossita Shapawi, Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar, Wan Norhana Md Noordin, and Nurul Huda. "Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Fish By-Product Collagen as Promising for Potential Wound Healing Agent in Pharmaceutical Applications: Current Trend and Future Perspective." International Journal of Food Science 2022 (May 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9437878.
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Collagen is a structural protein naturally found in mammals. Vertebrates and other connective tissues comprise about 30% of an animal’s overall protein. Collagen is used in a variety of applications including cosmetics, biomedical, biomaterials, food, and pharmaceuticals. The use of marine-based collagen as a substitute source is rapidly increasing due to its unique properties, which include the absence of religious restrictions, a low molecular weight, no risk of disease transmission, biocompatibility, and ease of absorption by the body system. This review discusses recent research on collagen extraction from marine-based raw material, specifically fish by-products. Furthermore, pretreatment on various sources of fish materials, followed by extraction methods, was described. The extraction procedures for acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) for fish collagen isolation are specifically discussed and compared. As a result, the efficacy of collagen yield was also demonstrated. The recent trend of extracting fish collagen from marine biomaterials has been summarized, with the potential to be exploited as a wound healing agent in pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, background information on collagen and characterization techniques primarily related to the composition, properties, and structure of fish collagen are discussed.
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Gaiselmann, Gerd, Ingo Manke, Werner Lehnert, and Volker Schmidt. "EXTRACTION OF CURVED FIBERS FROM 3D DATA." Image Analysis & Stereology 32, no. 1 (March 25, 2013): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v32.p57-63.
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A segmentation algorithm is proposed which automatically extracts single fibers from tomographic 3D data of fiber-based materials. As an example, the algorithm is applied to a non-woven material used in the gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This porous material consists of a densely packed system of strongly curved carbon fibers. Our algorithm works as follows. In a first step, we focus on the extraction of skeletons, i.e., center lines of fibers. Due to irregularities like noise or other data artefacts, it is only possible to extract fragments of center lines. Thus, in a second step, we consider a stochastic algorithm to adequately connect these parts of center lines to each other, with the general aim to reconstruct the complete fibers such that the curvature properties of real fibers are reflected correctly. The quality of the segmentation algorithm is validated by applying it to simulated test data.
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Zhao, Cai Zhi, and Hua Qiang Zhou. "Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Coal Paste Filling Material." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1473.
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One new kind of cementitious material, which is suited to paste filling in coal mine, was introduced. The paste filling slurry, which is mixed with extremely small amount(about 50 kg/m3) of the material, can be solidified quickly and reach the strength requirement of none -village-relocation coal extraction engineering. The solidified body is provided with typical plasticity, high elastic modulus and strain hardening even under the condition of very small surrounding stress.
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Mojica, Elmer-Riko, Jozlyn Charland, Custer Deocaris, and Jose Micor. "Potential and Performance of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) in Obtaining Bioactive Compounds from Bee Propolis: Comparison with Soaking, Ultrasonication, and Microwave-Assisted Methods." Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.02.08.
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Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from buds and exudates of trees. The material has attracted much attention in recent years as a functional food component since it possesses various biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anti-ulcer properties. In this study, the performance of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was assessed and compared with varying methods of extraction: soaking (maceration), ultrasonication, and microwave-assisted methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and other spectroscopic techniques, such as absorbance and fluorescence, were employed to assess the efficiency in the extraction of natural products. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content of the different extracts were also determined. Results showed samples obtained from the microwave method showed the highest yield in the extraction of bioactive compounds. Although microwave showed the best method in this study, some issues and recommendations on ASE application for extracting natural products from bee propolis were discussed. Given the ease in controlling extraction temperature with ASE, this technique has a great potential to be a better method for extraction of heat-labile natural products from propolis should optimization of conditions for extraction were further performed.
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SHENG, Z., Y. WANG, P. WAN, and Y. LI. "ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS FROM LEAVES OF SYRINGA OBLATA LINDL." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 44, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2014.430.
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Leaves of Syringa Oblata Lindl. possess some important biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. These biological properties are mainly attributed to total flavonoids content. In this paper, ultrasound-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from leaves of Syringa Oblata Lindl. was studied. Effects of several experimental parameters, such as concentration of extracting solvent, ratio of liquid to material, extraction temperature, and time of sonication on extraction efficiencies of total flavonoids were evaluated. The best extraction conditions were: 1 g plant sample with 20 mL of 50% ethanol, at 60 °C for 50 min, obtaining a yield of total flavonoids of 92.00 ± 0.87 mg/g of plant. The results indicated that high amounts of total flavonoids can be extracted from leaves of Syringa Oblata Lindl. by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology.
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Grujicic, Mica, Jennifer Snipes, S. Ramaswami, and Chian-Fong Yen. "Experimental characterization and numerical analysis of the weld-region material in friction stir welded thick AA2139-T8 plates." International Journal of Structural Integrity 7, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-06-2015-0017.
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Purpose – The weld region obtained during friction stir welding (FSW) of metallic materials (including aluminum alloys) contains typically well-defined zones, each characterized by fairly unique microstructure and properties. The purpose of this paper is to carry out combined experimental and numerical investigations of the mechanical properties of materials residing in different weld zones of FSW joints of thick AA2139-T8 plates. Design/methodology/approach – Within the experimental investigation, the following has been conducted: first, optical-microscopy characterization of the transverse sections of the FSW joints, in order to help identify and delineate weld zones; second, micro hardness field generation over the same transverse section in order to reconfirm the location and the extent of various weld zones; third, extraction of miniature tensile specimens from different weld zones and their experimental testing; and finally, extraction of a larger size tensile specimen spanning transversely the FSW weld and its testing. Within the computational investigation, an effort was made to: first, validate the mechanical properties obtained using the miniature tensile specimens; and second, demonstrate the need for the use of the miniature tensile specimens. Findings – It is argued that the availability of weld-zone material mechanical properties is critical since: first, these properties are often inferior relative to their base-metal counterparts; second, the width of the weld in thick metallic-armor is often comparable to the armor thickness, and therefore may represent a significant portion of the armor exposed-surface area; and finally, modeling of the weld-material structural response under loading requires the availability of high-fidelity/validated material constitutive models, and the development of such models requires knowledge of the weld-material mechanical properties. Originality/value – The importance of determining the mechanical properties of the material in different parts of the weld zone with sufficient accuracy is demonstrated.
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Osman, Rozita, and Norashikin Saim. "Selective Extraction of Organic Contaminants from Soil Using Pressurised Liquid Extraction." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/357252.
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This study focuses on the application of sorbents in pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) cell to establish a selective extraction of a variety of organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorpyrifos, phenol, pentachlorophenol, and sterols) from soil. The selectivity and efficiency of each sorbent depend on the properties of the material, extracting solvent, capacity factor, organic compounds of interest, and PLE operating parameters (temperature, pressure, and extraction time). Several sorbents (silica, alumina, and Florisil) were evaluated and with the proper choice of solvents, polar and nonpolar compounds were successfully separated in two fractions. Nonpolar compounds (PAHs, chlorpyrifos, and pentachlorophenol) were recovered in the first fraction using a polar sorbent such as Florisil or alumina, andn-hexane as eluting solvent, while more polar compounds (phenol and sterols) were recovered in the second fraction using methanol. Silica (5 g) was found to be effective for selective extraction with the satisfactory recoveries for all compounds (PAHs from 87.1–96.2%, chlorpyrifos 102.9%, sterols from 93.7–100.5%, phenol 91.9%, and pentachlorophenol 106.2%). The efficiency and precision of this extraction approach and the existing EPA Method 3545 were compared.
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Van Audenhove, Jelle, Tom Bernaerts, Victor De Smet, Sophie Delbaere, Ann M. Van Loey, and Marc E. Hendrickx. "The Structure and Composition of Extracted Pectin and Residual Cell Wall Material from Processing Tomato: The Role of a Stepwise Approach versus High-Pressure Homogenization-Facilitated Acid Extraction." Foods 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051064.
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In literature, different pectin extraction methods exist. In this study, two approaches starting from the alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) of processing tomato are performed in a parallel way to facilitate the comparison of pectin yield and the compositional and structural properties of the extracted pectin and residual cell wall material obtained. On the one hand, pectin is extracted stepwise using hot water, chelating agents and low-alkaline conditions targeting fractionation of the pectin population. On the other hand, an industrially relevant single-step nitric acid pectin extraction (pH 1.6) is performed. In addition to these conventional solvent pectin extractions, the role of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) as a physically disruptive treatment to facilitate further pectin extraction from the partially pectin-depleted fraction obtained after acid extraction is addressed. The impact of HPH on the pectin cell wall polysaccharide interactions was shown as almost two thirds of the residual pectin were extractable during the subsequent extractions. For both extraction approaches, pectin obtained further in the sequence was characterized by a higher molecular mass and a higher amount of rhamnogalacturonan I domains. The estimated hemicellulose and cellulose content increased from 56 mol% for the AIR to almost 90 mol% for the final unextractable fractions of both methods.
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Işık, E., A. Büyüksaraç, E. Avşar, M. F. Kuluöztürk, and M. Günay. "Characteristics and properties of Bitlis ignimbrites and their environmental implications." Materiales de Construcción 70, no. 338 (April 6, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2020.06519.
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Bitlis rock is used as a construction material and comes from the lava emitted by volcanoes and their subsequent transformation into ignimbrites. This type of rocks has been characterized physically, chemically, toxicologically and radioactively using different procedures including determination of the coefficient of thermal conductivity, gamma spectrometry, ultrasonic speed test, ICP masses and metal extraction. The results indicate that Bitlis rocks have an ACI greater than 1, although their content of radon is lower than other rocks of volcanic origin. Leaching of metals from these rocks indicates that Pb and Cd can provide an infiltration level in the field higher than the level permitted by TCLP and they have undesired toxicological risks. The percentages of extraction of other metals also point to this infiltration problem. Despite this, the material offers good qualities for usage as a building material such as its thermal coefficients.
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Mustafa, Alef, and Rodica Sîrbu. "Studies on Chitosan Extraction and Its Biomedical Properties." European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/258ydp25y.
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Chitin and chitosan are natural biopolymers that are included in the novel families of biological macromolecules. Chitosan its the main derivative of chitin, and research upon the characteristics and properties of these molecules has become increasingly evident and important. It was reported that the main and potential applications of these polymers as well as their derivatives are more than 200. These applications include biomedicine, pharmacy, agriculture, biotechnology, cosmetics. In the last years, especially in the pharmaceutical and medical fields chitosan has received considerable attentions as a functional, renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable biopolymer for diverse applications. The recent efforts of the scientists concentrated on the methods of preparation of chitin from raw material, on processing chitosan, as well as on the chemical and biological properties that help increase solubility in aqueous solutions.
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Banerjee, Manali, Sisira Saraswatula, Anna Williams, and Blair Brettmann. "Effect of Purification Methods on Commercially Available Cellulose Nanocrystal Properties and TEMPO Oxidation." Processes 8, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060698.
Full textAbstract:
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are attractive for use in polymer composites, biomedical applications, and barrier packaging. In all of these applications they are mixed with other components and compatibility is a major design consideration, as CNCs naturally have a high density of surface hydroxyl groups and primarily disperse well in polar media. Numerous surface modification approaches have been used to address these issues, but challenges remain due to the variability in the commercially available CNC materials. CNCs can be produced from biomass using several extraction methods, most notably acid hydrolysis and biomass extraction, also known as the American Value Added Pulping process. The production method of the CNC material has an impact on both physical and surface properties of CNCs, including size, shape, crystal structure, and zeta potential. In addition, post-treatments can be used to purify the CNC material and further alter these properties. This work studies the properties of CNCs from three different commercial suppliers and after conducting three different post-treatments: dialysis, Soxhlet extraction, and acetone washing to understand the effect of the commercial source and purification on CNC surface properties and modification via 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation. We show that there is significant variation in CNC physical and surface properties between different commercial suppliers before and after purification. Importantly, we show that for CNCs produced through acid hydrolysis, acetone washing or Soxhlet extraction in ethanol decreases the achievable degree of TEMPO modification, but makes it more consistent between the different commercial suppliers. This has important implications for improving reproducibility in CNC research as well as aiding the expanding fields of applications.
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Toigo, Christina, Milan Kracalik, Elke Bradt, Karl-Heinz Pettinger, and Catia Arbizzani. "Rheological Properties of Aqueous Sodium Alginate Slurries for LTO Battery Electrodes." Polymers 13, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203582.
Full textAbstract:
Rheological properties of electrode slurries have been intensively studied for manifold different combinations of active materials and binders. Standardly, solvent-based systems are under use, but a trend towards water-based electrode manufacturing is becoming more and more important. The different solvent is beneficial in terms of sustainability and process safety but is also accompanied by some disadvantages such as extraction of residual humidity and a higher complexity concerning slurry stability. Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) active material provides good long-term stability and can be processed in aqueous solutions. Combining the LTO active material with sodium alginate (SA) as a promising biobased polymer binder reveals good electrochemical properties but suffers from bad slurry stability. In this work, we present a comprehensive rheological study on material interactions in anode slurries consisting of LTO and SA, based on a complex interaction of differentially sized materials. The use of two different surfactants—namely, an anionic and non-ionic one, to enhance slurry stability, compared with surfactant-free slurry.
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Paczkowska-Walendowska, Magdalena, Emilia Szymańska, Katarzyna Winnicka, Dominik Szwajgier, Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik, Marek A. Ruchała, Marek Simon, and Judyta Cielecka-Piontek. "Cyclodextrin as Functional Carrier in Development of Mucoadhesive Tablets Containing Polygoni cuspidati Extract with Potential for Dental Applications." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111916.
Full textAbstract:
Polygoni cuspidati root is a resveratrol-rich source with anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and neuroprotective effects. The raw material was standardized for the content of resveratrol, for which there is a special justification for administration within the oral mucosa. To improve the solubility of resveratrol and to assure its high content in plant material, an ultrasound-assisted extraction method was applied. The addition of cyclodextrin was found to increase the extraction efficiency of resveratrol (from 13 to 297 µg per 1 g of plant material in case of 50% ethanol extracts) and enhanced its antioxidant activity as compared to pure Polygoni cuspidati extract/resveratrol. Cyclodextrin plays the role of a functional extract regarding technological properties (increasing the extraction of resveratrol from the extract, improving mucoadhesive properties). Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop mucoadhesive tablets containing combinations of the Polygoni cuspidati extract with a cyclodextrin carrier for buccal delivery. The tests sequentially included extract preparation and characterization of its physical and biological properties and then formulation studies with a broad description of the prototype properties. The test results indicate that cyclodextrin increases the efficiency of resveratrol extraction from Polygoni cuspidati rhizome, which is a rich source of resveratrol, and its extract enclosed in a mucoadhesive tablet guarantees prolonged action at the site of administration.