Academic literature on the topic 'Extraction material properties'
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Journal articles on the topic "Extraction material properties"
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Mareš, Kamil Vavřinec, and Ferdinand Šebesta. "Properties of PAN-TBP extraction chromatographic material." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 302, no. 1 (July 6, 2014): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3297-5.
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Agrienvi. "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36873/a , Mahdi Santoso, Yanciluk." Agrienvi: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 13, no. 02 (February 12, 2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/aev.v13i02.726.
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ABSTRACTNipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) is a non wood lignosellulosic materials that potential as raw material of compositeboard. One of disadvantage of the nipa fronds was contains are very high extractives and inorganic substances. Thepresence of high content of extractives in raw material of particle board potentially be an obstacle in the process ofgluing the composite board. The existing of extractive substances on the surface of the composite board raw materialscontribute to make the bonding process is not going well. On the other side, the utilization of natural binder for nonwood composite is still limited. This research focused to investigated the effects of extractive subtances for bondingperformance of natural binder such as citric acid for nipa fronds particleboard. The particles screened passed throughaperture sizes of 10 mesh and treated with three condition (non extraction, hot water extraction and n -hexanaextraction) were used as materials in this research. Addition of natural binder of 10% based on air dried particles wasdone and pressing temperature was set at 180ºC under a pressure of 3,6 MPa during 10 minutes. The physics andmechanics properties of particleboard was tested by standard JIS A 5908:2003. The results showed that theextractiction treatments for raw material affects on the properties of the particleboards. Hot water extraction treatmentwas able to give the best results. The properties of particleboard was density 0.84 g.cm-3; moisture content 7.44%;thickness swelling 1,12%; water absorption 21,83%; surface roughness 7.57 ?m; internal bonding 0.49 MPa; modulusof rupture 10.42 MPa and modulus of elasticity 3.65 GPa. All of the properties of nipa fronds particleboard meet mostof the standards JIS A 5908:2003.Keywords: Hot water extraction, n-hexane extraction, nipa frond particleboard, natural binder, citric acid.
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Urias-Orona, Vania, Agustin Rascón-Chu, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza, Elizabeth Carvajal-Millán, Alfonso A. Gardea, and Benjamín Ramírez-Wong. "A Novel Pectin Material: Extraction, Characterization and Gelling Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2010): 3686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms11103686.
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Seok, Seonho, HyungDal Park, and Jinseok Kim. "Scotch-tape surface wrinkling based thin-film material properties extraction." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 4 (February 24, 2022): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac542a.
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Abstract This paper presents a new simple method to measure thin film material properties using scotch-tape surface wrinkling. Thin metal films have been deposited on polymer substrates by e-beam evaporation. After patterned by photolithography and wet etching, long and narrow thin metal layers have been transferred by peel-off onto the scotch tape. The effect of velocity of scotch tape peel-off on the metal film transfer from polymer substrates to the scotch tape has been investigated. After metal transfer, metal film wrinkling patterns have been established on the scotch tape due to mechanical properties mismatch between the two materials. The wrinkling patterns have been characterized in term of amplitude and wavelength and they are compared with finite element method buckling simulation results for material properties extraction. By consequence, elastic moduli of 300 nm thick gold film and a multilayer of 30 nm Ti on 300 nm Au have been found 147 GPa and 885 GPa based on the measured wavelength of the wrinkling films.
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Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A., Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran, Zaimah Hasan, R. A. Ilyas, and S. M. Sapuan. "Wheat Biocomposite Extraction, Structure, Properties and Characterization: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213624.
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Biocomposite materials create a huge opportunity for a healthy and safe environment by replacing artificial plastic and materials with natural ingredients in a variety of applications. Furniture, construction materials, insulation, and packaging, as well as medical devices, can all benefit from biocomposite materials. Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated crops. Due to its mechanical and physical properties, wheat starch, gluten, and fiber are vital in the biopolymer industry. Glycerol as a plasticizer considerably increased the elongation and water vapor permeability of wheat films. Wheat fiber developed mechanical and thermal properties as a result of various matrices; wheat gluten is water insoluble, elastic, non-toxic, and biodegradable, making it useful in biocomposite materials. This study looked at the feasibility of using wheat plant components such as wheat, gluten, and fiber in the biocomposite material industry.
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Yun, Liu, Kan Huan, Fan Fang-Yu, Tang Jun-Rong, Zhang Ying-Jun, and Zhao Ping. "Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Polyphenols from Camellia Fascicularis Leaves." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 17, no. 2 (June 12, 2018): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:164-171.
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A microwave-assisted extraction method was established and optimized for extracting polyphenols from the leaves of Camellia fascicularis, which possess antioxidant properties. Microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from C. fascicularis leaves was optimized using response surface methodology. The influential factors, including ethanol concentration, ratio of liquid to raw material, and microwave power, were studied to optimize the extraction process, while setting the irradiation time to 20 s. The optimum process parameters, namely, ethanol concentration of 50%, the ratio of liquid to raw material of 32 mL/g, and microwave power of 160 W, contributed to the highest polyphenol yield of 106.1 mg GAE/g dw. The crude polyphenols were purified through an HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column to obtain purified C. fascicularis polyphenols. Antioxidant assay demonstrated that purified polyphenols from C. fascicularis showed significant antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner for scavenging hydroxyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. Thus, microwave-assisted extraction was an effective method of extracting polyphenols from C. fascicularis leaves, which might be an excellent food material with potential antioxidant properties.
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Qu, Wenjuan, Shuangqian Shi, Pingping Li, Zhongli Pan, and Chandrasekar Venkitasamy. "Extraction Kinetics and Properties of Proanthocyanidins from Pomegranate Peel." International Journal of Food Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0034.
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Abstract With an objective of developing a safe and efficient method to extract proanthocyanidins products from pomegranate peel for use in nutraceuticals or as food additives, the effects of extraction parameters on the production efficiency, product properties, and extraction kinetics were systematically studied. The results showed that both extraction temperature and water–material ratio had significant effects on the proanthocyanidins content, but the yield was significantly affected only by temperature. The moderate temperature and water–material ratio were beneficial to maintain high proanthocyanidins scavenging activity and good product quality. The second-order extraction and Arrhenius kinetic models were developed and successfully used to predict the proanthocyanidins yield for given conditions tested. Extraction temperature of 60°C, water–material ratio of 30:1 g g−1, and time of 10 min are recommended for proanthocyanidins extraction from pomegranate peel, which corresponded to the highest yield of 40.6 mg g−1 and content of 89.1 mg g−1 having a scavenging activity of 31.5 g g−1, and an attractive reddish yellow color.
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Lisovaya, E. V., E. P. Victorova, A. V. Sverdlichenko, and N. N. Kornen. "Secondary resources of tomato processing as a valuable raw material for obtaining food ingredients." New Technologies 17, no. 2 (June 6, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-2-40-47.
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It is known that enterprises processing vegetables and fruits generate secondary resources (waste), in particular, pomace, in significant volumes. The most valuable, in terms of the composition and content of biologically active macro- and micronutrients, is tomato pomace. Tomato pomace is a valuable source of natural carotenoids, including lycopene, which exhibits high antioxidant activity. The article provides an overview of scientific research aimed at developing methods for extracting carotenoids, including lycopene, from recycled tomato processing resources. It has been shown that, in general, when extracting carotenoids, including lycopene, from secondary resources of tomato processing, various methods of drying and grinding the raw material are used, and then biologically active substances are extracted. It should be noted that the method of pretreatment of the feedstock, the nature of the solvent, the temperature and duration of the extraction process have a significant effect on the antioxidant activity and bioavailability of carotenoids obtained as a result of extraction. It is shown that the use of a pulsed electric field, treatment with enzymes and ultrasonic treatment of tomato pomace allow to intensify the process of extraction of carotenoids and maximally preserve their antioxidant properties. Thus, it can be concluded that tomato pomace is a valuable raw material for obtaining extracts of carotenoids and, first of all, lycopene, and the development of effec- tive modes of the extraction process that ensure the maximum manifestation of antioxidant properties and the bioavailability of the extracted substance is an urgent task.
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Sri, Wuryanti, Suhardjo Poertadji, Bambang Soegijono, and Nasution Henry. "Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Insulation Properties of Eic-Cellulose." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.322.
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The material with low thermal conductivity means it has a high insulating capability for reducing heat transfer. One of materials for insulation is cellulose. This study presents a insulation material of cellulose made from reeds imperata cylindrical type with the extraction process. The extraction of cellulose fibers to form a sheet by adding 3.5% Na-CMC (Sodium Cellulose Carboksil Metyl). The process of forming the sheet uses blender for 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Furthermore, each mixture are put into the oven with temperature of 40°C for 36 hours. There are three parameters will be investigated, i.e. thermal conductivity, density and thermal capacity. The results showed that the lowest and the highest of thermal conductivities were 0.22 W/m K and a maximum 0.36 W/m K, respectively.
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Clayton, John D., Daniel T. Casem, Jeffrey T. Lloyd, and Emily H. Retzlaff. "Toward Material Property Extraction from Dynamic Spherical Indentation Experiments on Hardening Polycrystalline Metals." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020276.
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Static indentation and dynamic indentation are reviewed, with a focus on extraction of material properties of isotropic strain-hardening polycrystalline metals that may be rate- and temperature-sensitive. Static indentation is reviewed first, followed by dynamic indentation, since the former is regarded as a specialization of the latter with inertia, rate dependence, and adiabatic heating excluded. Extending concepts from the literature review, a treatment of dynamic indentation using dimensional analysis is forwarded, and a general framework for extraction of material property information (i.e., constitutive model parameters) from instrumented dynamic spherical indentation experiments is set forth. In an example application of the methodology, experimental data obtained from instrumented spherical indentation in a miniature Kolsky bar apparatus are evaluated via dimensional analysis. The substrate material is aluminum alloy Al 6061-T6. Several definitions of indentation strain proposed for static indentation are assessed for dynamic indentation, as are indentation strain rates. While the fidelity of the experimental method and inertial effects could inhibit extraction of elastic properties, extraction of certain plastic constitutive properties may be feasible. Current data are insufficient to enable determination of a complete and unique set of all physical properties. Motivated by the present review and analysis, new experiments and simulations are proposed that would identify influences of material properties, facilitating their extraction from data.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extraction material properties"
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Erdem, Mehmet Erkut. "Image-based Extraction Of Material Reflectance Properties Of A 3d Object." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1128784/index.pdf.
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In this study, an appearance reconstruction method based on extraction of
material refl
ectance properties of a three-dimensional (3D) object from its twodimensional (2D) images is explained. One of the main advantages of this system is that the reconstructed object can be rendered in real-time with photorealistic quality in varying illumination conditions. Bidirectional Re&
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ectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs) are used in representing the re&
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ectance of the object. The re&
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ectance of the object is decomposed into di&
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use and specular components and each component is estimated seperately. While estimating the di&
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use components, illumination-invariant images of the object are computed from the input images, and a global texture of the object is extracted from these images by using surface particles. The specular re&
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ectance data are collected from the residual images obtained by taking di&
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erence between the input images and corresponding illumination-invariant images, and a Lafortune BRDF model is &
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tted to these data. At the rendering phase, the di&
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use and specular components are blended into each other to achieve a photorealistic appearance of the reconstructed object.
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TRIPATHY, SAKYASINGH. "EXTRACTION OF NON-LINEAR MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF BIO-GELS USING ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123381089.
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Grandjean, Fleury. "Caractérisations des matériaux pour l'électronique rapide : outils théoriques et expérimentaux." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0011.
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Dans le domaine des hyperfrequences, la technologie hybride (couche epaisse) est de plus en plus utilisee car elle offre de bonnes possibilites d'integration. De plus, elle est bien adaptee aux applications de puissance. Les performances des dispositifs sont conditionnees par les proprietes electriques et magnetiques des materiaux utilises, il est donc necessaire de caracteriser ceux-ci. Dans ce travail, nous avons developpe deux methodes de caracterisation electrique des materiaux isolants et des conducteurs utilises dans les circuits hybrides hyperfrequences. La bande de frequence concernee s'etend de quelques megahertz a 20 ghz. La premiere methode est une methode de resonance ; elle s'applique aux materiaux a faibles pertes (substrats et encres conductrices). Apres le developpement theorique de la methode et une etude de sensibilite, les resultats experimentaux obtenus sur differents substrats d'alumine et differentes encres conductrices sont presentes. La seconde approche est basee sur une methode d'extraction des parametres d'un schema equivalent au dispositif sous test ; elle concerne les materiaux a fortes pertes (encres resistives). Dans un premier temps, le schema equivalent est elabore a partir d'une etude phenomenologique et la procedure d'extraction est developpee. Ensuite, des resultats experimentaux obtenus sur differentes encres resistives sont presentes
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Wicker, Jerome. "Crystallization properties of molecular materials : prediction and rule extraction by machine learning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34beef4e-e499-4248-8fa6-7e8d8344f02c.
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Crystallization is an increasingly important process in a variety of applications from drug development to single crystal X-ray diffraction structure determination. However, while there is a good deal of research into prediction of molecular crystal structure, the factors that cause a molecule to be crystallizable have so far remained poorly understood. The aim of this project was to answer the seemingly straightforward question: can we predict how easily a molecule will crystallize? The Cambridge Structural Database contains almost a million examples of materials from the scientific literature that have crystallized. Models for the prediction of crystallization propensity of organic molecular materials were developed by training machine learning algorithms on carefully curated sets of molecules which are either observed or not observed to crystallize, extracted from a database of commercially available molecules. The models were validated computationally and experimentally, while feature extraction methods and high resolution powder diffraction studies were used to understand the molecular and structural features that determine the ease of crystallization. This led to the development of a new molecular descriptor which encodes information about the conformational flexibility of a molecule. The best models gave error rates of less than 5% for both cross-validation data and previously-unseen test data, demonstrating that crystallization propensity can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. Molecular size, flexibility and nitrogen atom environments were found to be the most influential factors in determining the ease of crystallization, while microstructural features determined by powder diffraction showed almost no correlation with the model predictions. Further predictions on co-crystals show scope for extending the methodology to other relevant applications.
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Abba, Mohammed Tahir. "Spherical nanoindentation protocols for extracting microscale mechanical properties in viscoelastic materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54359.
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Nanoindentation has a high load resolution, depth sensing capabilities, and can be used to characterize the local mechanical behavior in material systems with heterogeneous microstructures. Recently nanoindentation has been used to extract useful stress-strain curves, primarily in hard materials such as metals and ceramics. To apply these indentation stress-strain methods to polymer composites, we have to first develop analysis techniques for materials that exhibit viscoelasticity. In a lot of current research the viscoelastic material properties are extracted after the material has been deformed enough to initiate plasticity and in some cases the time dependence of the deformation is ignored. This doesn’t give an accurate representation of the material properties of the undeformed sample or the local deformation behavior of the material. This dissertation develops analysis protocols to extract stress-strain curves and viscoelastic properties from the load-displacement data generated from spherical nanoindentation on materials exhibiting time-dependent response at room temperature. Once these protocols are developed they can then be applied, in the future, to study viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties of various mesoscale constituents of composite material systems. These new protocols were developed and tested on polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, low-density polyethylene, and the bio-polymer chitosan. The properties extracted were consistent under different conditions and we were able to produce stress-strain curves for different loading rates and different indenter tip sizes. This dissertation demonstrates that a set of protocols can be used to reliably investigate the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of time-dependent materials using nanoindentation.
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ROCCHI, ELISA. "STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONAL TAILORING OF REFINED OR UNREFINED PLANT-BASED MATERIALS OBTAINED BY EXTRACTION OR BIO-TRANSFORMATION OF AGRO-FOOD WASTES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/603778.
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L’impiego delle risorse in maniera efficiente è una tematica di interesse globale, sia da un punto di vista ambientale che economico. La produzione di grandi quantità di residui agro-alimentari è una delle principali cause di inefficienza a livello di produzione industriale. Questi materiali hanno ancora un elevato contenuto di materiale organico, ricco in composti naturali preziosi e peculiari strutture che, una volta identificati, possono essere estratti e valorizzati per via fisica, chimica o biotecnologica. Per queste ragioni, negli ultimi anni si osserva un crescente interesse sia scientifico che industriale per il recupero e la valorizzazione di materiali di scarto.
In questo contesto, questo progetto di dottorato si propone di investigare le potenzialità di ingredienti derivati da residui agro-alimentari per la formulazione alimentare. La caratterizzazione strutturale e funzionale delle matrici considerate ha seguito un approccio tipico della scienza dei materiali, basato sull’analisi quantitativa mediante modelli matematici per promuovere e controllare specifici fenomeni e modificazioni in grado di migliorare le proprietà funzionali del sistema formulato.
Nella presente tesi di dottorato sono stati considerati quattro diversi materiali. La cellulosa nano cristallina è stata caratterizzata da un punto di vista reo-ottico per meglio comprendere quale sia relazione esistente tra l’organizzazione nematica e lo stato cineticamente arrestato. Gli estratti di parete vegetale (CWM) sono stati studiati nell’ottica di un loro impiego come sistemi per il trasporto di composti bioattivi, agendo soprattutto sull’organizzazione della matrice polimerica di parete con lo scopo di poter meglio controllare il rilascio dei composti di interesse. Le frazioni di farina di semi di canapa sono state valutate in termini di capacità texturizzante e strutturante. La cellulosa batterica si è dimostrata invece un eccellente supporto per la ritenzione di molecole volatili.The efficient exploitation of resources is a topic of concern worldwide, from both an environmental and economic point of view. The production of large amounts of agro-food residues is one of the main causes for the inefficiency of industrial-scale food production. These are materials of high organic load, where valuable natural compounds and structures can be identified and extracted in order to valorize wastes via physical, chemical or biotechnological processing. For this reason, an intensive investigation for the recovery of materials with improved functional properties has been carried out in the last years. In this framework, this PhD doctoral project aimed to explore the potentiality of residue-derived ingredients for the food formulation. Structural and functional characterization of the proposed matrices was performed with a material science point of view, based on the quantitative analysis through mathematical models to promote and control adequate changes which can improve some functional properties in the food. In the present thesis, four different materials were considered. Cellulose nanocrystals were characterized with a rheo-optical approach in order to provide an insight into the relationship between nematic ordering and kinetic arrest. Cell wall materials were studied as carrier of bioactive compounds, with the purpose of tuning the wall matrix organization to obtain a sustained release. Hemp seed meal fractions were evaluated because of their texturing and structuring abilities. The use of bacterial cellulose as support for the retain of volatile molecules was also investigated, along with its thickening ability.
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"Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) mediated light extraction efficiency of light-emitting material from metallic nanohole array." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549204.
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表面等離子體激元和熒光分子之間的電磁相互作用已因廣泛應用於量子運算中的量子信息處理和分子生物技術的分子檢測而得到相當大的關注。雖然通過把熒光分子放置在電漿系統旁來改善熒光分子的發光度和方向性已被廣泛接受，但是了解表面等離子體激元和熒光材料之間的相互作用的物理亦是很重要的。在這篇論文中，我們將研究在二維納米銀洞陣列上有機染料帶方向性的發光特性。通過量度在每個角度的反射和熒光發光光譜，我們可以繪製出二維納米銀洞陣列所產生的電磁共振模式的色散關係及熒光材料發光度與方向的關係。此外，在陣列上以不同方向行走的表面等離子體激元的衰變壽命亦被找出。我們亦將反射率和熒光發光光譜進行比較，從而發現熒光發光的加強跟表面等離子體激元的光譜位置、衰變後傳播的方向、它的衰變壽命和它的耦合效率有十分密切的關係。為了解背後的物理，我們建立了一個理論模型去區分能量從有機染料轉移到表面等離子體激元的過程與表面等離子體激元衰變過程對表面等離子體激元改變熒光材料發光度的影響。因此，我們可以對能量從有機染料轉移到表面等離子體激元的過程與方向的關係進行定量分析。最後，我們的研究結果與由有限差分時域模擬計算所得的結果吻合。結論得出在二維納米銀洞陣列上所實現的表面等離子體激元増加有機染料光提取效率與三維空間中方向的關係是源於電漿帶隙的產生所引致的態密度重整及分配。
The electromagnetic interaction between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and fluorescent molecules has been capturing considerable attention for a wide variety of applications ranging from quantum information processing in quantum computing to molecule detection in biotechnology. Although it is widely accepted that the light emission efficiency and directionality are improved by placing the fluorescent molecules in close proximity to a plasmonic system, the understanding of the physics on how SPPs interact with the fluorescent materials is of importance.
In this thesis, the directional emission properties of LDS organic dyes supported on two-dimensional Ag nanohole array is studied. Angle-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence spectroscopy have been employed to map out the dispersion relations of electromagnetic resonance modes arising from the array and the dependence of plasmonic emission on emission angle. In addition, the decay lifetimes of SPP modes in different propagation directions in array have been determined. By comparing the reflectivity and photoluminescence mappings, we find that the emission enhancement is strongly correlated with the spectral and angular positions of SPP modes together with their lifetimes and coupling efficiencies. To understand the underlying physics, we have developed an analytical model to differentiate the surface plasmon mediated emission (SPME) into energy transfer from LDS to SPPs and the radiative decay of surface plasmons. As a result, the directional dependence of the energy transfer process can then be analyzed quantitatively. Finally, our results are compared with the finite-difference-time-domain simulations with good agreement. It is concluded that the directional dependence of the surface plasmon mediated emission is attributed to the redistribution of the density of states in the periodic nanohole array due to the opening of the plasmonic gaps.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Chan, Kay Fung = 表面等離子體激元改變納米金屬洞陣列上發光材料的光提取效率 / 陳其鋒.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-123).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Chan, Kay Fung = Biao mian deng li zi ti ji yuan gai bian na mi jin shu dong zhen lie shang fa guang cai liao de guang ti qu xiao lu / Chen Qifeng.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and surface plasmon mediated emission (SPME) --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Directional surface plasmon mediated emission (SPME) on metallic nanohole array --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Our analytical model of surface plasmon mediated emission --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Formalism of rate equations --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Determination of the directional dependence of the coupling efficiency from decay rates of the SPP and the fluorescent material --- p.11
Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.12
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theory of surface plasmon polaritons --- p.14
Chapter 2.1 --- The Maxwell’s equations and the boundary conditions for electromagnetic waves --- p.14
Chapter 2.2 --- Dielectric constant of metal --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- Master equation for electromagnetic waves, the Bloch form of SPPs and the dispersion relation of SPPs at the interface between dielectric and metal --- p.19
Chapter 2.4 --- Excitation of surface plasmon polaritons by grating coupling --- p.27
Chapter 2.5 --- Decay of surface plasmon polaritons --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Non-radiative decay --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Radiative decay --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Experimentation and Simulation --- p.37
Chapter 3.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.37
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Interference lithography [2.2, 3.7, 3.8] --- p.37
Chapter 3.1.2 --- E-beam evaporation --- p.39
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Spin coating of florescence material --- p.40
Chapter 3.2 --- Measurements --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Angle-resolved specular reflection measurement [3.10] --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Angle-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy [3.11] --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.3 --- K-space (Fourier space) imaging [3.12, 3.13, 3.14] --- p.44
Chapter 3.3 --- FDTD --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Theory of FDTD --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Simulation of the reflectivity of plane wave --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Simulation of the field pattern with a dipole source --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Near-to-far field projection --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Near field pattern in k-space --- p.60
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Analysis --- p.62
Chapter 4.1 --- Angle-resolved reflectivity measurement --- p.62
Chapter 4.1.1 --- SPP mode identification --- p.62
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Wavelength dependence of uncoupled SPPs decay rates --- p.65
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Directional dependence of uncoupled SPPs decay rates --- p.71
Chapter 4.2 --- Angle-resolved PL spectroscopy --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Comparison with the angle-resolved reflectivity --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Differentiation of the resonance and off-resonance positions on the PL mapping --- p.81
Chapter 4.3 --- K-space imaging --- p.83
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Reflectivity and the comparison with the phase - matching equation --- p.83
Chapter 4.3.2 --- k-space imaging of the PL emission --- p.85
Chapter 4.4 --- Directional dependence of the emission factor --- p.86
Chapter 4.5 --- Directional dependence of the coupling rate of the LDS emission to the SPP mode --- p.94
Chapter 4.6 --- Near field in k-space from the FDTD method --- p.97
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.113
Bibliography --- p.115
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Goel, Priya. "Extraction of Equivalent Uniaxial Plastic and Viscoplastic Behavior from Bending Using a Mechanistic Approach." Thesis, 2022. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5863.
Full textAbstract:
The present work is aimed at the extraction of material’s yield and creep parameters using
cantilevers by conducting constant deflection rate and constant load tests respectively.
Under the assumption of Euler-Bernoulli’s beam theory, stress and strain components
are considered along beam length only. A stress and strain gradient throughout the
cantilever makes bending rich in information as stress-strain rate-strain at every location
of the beam corresponds to a single uniaxial test. By extracting these stress-strain rate strain
information from multiple locations of the cantilever throughout deformation, high
throughput feature of bending is utilized by extracting all the material yield and creep
parameters from a single cantilever. The position dependent strain is measured using
digital image correlation (DIC) in this work. The estimation of stress in a cantilever
during non-linear deformation (i.e., non-linear dependence of stress on strain and/or strain
rate), however, needs numerical methods which solve for stress distribution throughout
the cantilever using equilibrium equations based on material’s constitutive behavior, beam
geometry, loading and boundary conditions. Such numerical methods are developed to
gain understanding of the stress redistribution which is found to be transient in nature
and finally saturates when permanent (plastic or creep) strain are large (∼3-4%) such
that elastic strain are negligible. The influence of material’s yield and creep parameters
on stress redistribution profile and associated timelines is studied and limitations of the
existing analytical expressions for saturated stress profile are discussed. The numerical
method is also utilized to estimate the effect of limitations on strain accuracy measured
by DIC on the extracted parameters. Therefore, the present work aims at developing
cantilever bending combined with DIC for strain measurement as an alternative testing
technique to extract material’s yield and creep parameters from a single cantilever.
The procedure for extraction of yield parameters like yield strength and strain hardening
exponent is established for a beam of tension-compression symmetric, strain rateinsensitive
material using the concept of the ‘invariant point’. These points are identified
using numerical methods as the unique locations at every cross-section of the cantilever,
one each in tensile and compressive regions, where stress remains almost unchanged during
stress redistribution. The hardening exponent and yield strength are measured from a single
cantilever with better statistics and thereby improved reliability using strain measured
at the invariant points in tensile and compressive regions within an accuracy of 99.5% and
90% respectively for pure copper and aluminium alloys. The procedures for measuring
strain rate sensitivity for a tension-compression symmetric, strain-rate sensitive material
and yield parameters for a tension-compression asymmetric, strain-rate insensitive material
are also proposed and the challenges are highlighted with the understanding that
bending has the potential to measure yield parameters for these latter systems as well in
future.
The timelines associated with stress saturation under creep deformation have been
quantified using numerical methods in terms of a parameter stress saturation time (SST).
Based on the recommendations obtained from SST, loading profile for T22 boiler steel
is redesigned in the form of small loading steps due to which stress gets sufficient time
to relax during loading itself and does not exceed yield strength during redistribution.
Thus, creep parameters can be extracted at loads as high as yield strength, which is not
possible otherwise. This makes testing faster and thereby efficient because creep rates are
higher at high load and steady state is achieved faster. In contrast, a high SST at low
loads has been identified to explain the misinterpretation of experimental data in terms
of mechanism shift at low loads for P91 steel.
The numerical method is further developed to include primary creep response at loads
above yield which holds relevance to room-temperature creep response of an hcp system,
i.e., titanium alloy Ti-6Al. In case of Ti-6Al, it is found from uniaxial creep tests conducted above yield that prior plastic deformation does not affect creep behaviour which
implies that plasticity affects only the initial stress distribution. The invariant points
which remain invariant to stress redistribution even under the combined effect of creep
and plastic deformation are identified based on the numerical methods. The strain at
these locations in tension as well as in compression, measured using DIC, are utilized to
extract equivalent primary creep response for Ti-6Al using a single cantilever. Therefore,
the present work aims at establishing bending as the testing technique to measure yield
and creep parameters for a range of materials (FCC, BCC, HCP) and testing conditions
(RT-600oC) utilizing minimum sample volume with reduced testing and better statistics.ARDB 0242, IMPRINT 0009
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"Electrostatically actuated LIGA-MEMS structures with high aspect ratio beams for RF applications and mechanical property extraction." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2012-09-727.
Full textAbstract:
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices have been increasing in popularity for radio frequency (RF) and microwave communication systems due to the ability of MEMS devices to improve the performance of these circuits and systems. This interdisciplinary field combines the aspects of lithographic fabrication, mechanics, materials science, and RF/microwave circuit technology to produce moving structures with feature dimensions on the micron scale (micro-structures). MEMS technology has been used to improve switches, varactors, and inductors to name a few specific examples. Most MEMS devices have been fabricated using planar micro fabrication techniques that are similar to current integrated circuit (IC) fabrication techniques. These techniques limit the thickness of individual layers to a few microns, and restrict the structures to have planar and not vertical features.
One micro fabrication technology that has not seen much application to microwave MEMS devices is LIGA, a German acronym for X-ray lithography, electroforming, and moulding. LIGA uses X-ray lithography to produce very tall structures (hundreds of microns) with excellent structural quality, and with lateral feature sizes smaller than a micron. These unique properties have led to an increased interest in LIGA for the development of high performance microwave devices, particularly as operating frequencies increase and physical device size decreases. Existing work using LIGA for microwave devices has concentrated on statically operating structures such as transmission lines, filters, couplers, and antennas. This research uses these unique fabrication capabilities to develop dynamically operating microwave devices with high frequency performance.
This thesis documents the design, fabrication and testing of LIGA-MEMS variable capacitors that exploit the vertical dimension. Also included are methods to improve both the reliable fabrication and operation of these devices as well as material property characterization. Variable capacitors can be found in systems such as voltage-controlled oscillators, filters, impedance matching networks and phase shifters. Important figures-of-merit for these devices include the quality factor (Q), tuning range and tuning voltage.
Two different types of variable capacitors are presented, a pull-away design and a design based on the principle of leveraged bending. The pull-away style variable capacitors were found to have high Q-factors, especially the devices fabricated using a thick gold device layer. As an example, the small gold half capacitance electrode design features a Q-factor of 95 at an operating frequency of 5.6 GHz and a tuning ratio of 1.36:1 with a tuning voltage range of 0 to 7.8 V.
The design based on leveraged bending significantly improves the tuning ratio to a value of 1.9:1 while still maintaining a high Q-factor similar to those found in the pull-away style designs. A further increase in tuning ratio to a value of approximately 2.7:1 would be possible, based on simulated results, by simply changing the angle of the capacitance electrode in the layout.
To improve device performance and fabrication reliability, modifications were made to both the fabrication process and the device layout. In the fabrication process the exposure step, electroplating step, and the etching process were modified to improve the quality of the resulting devices. In the layout, anti-stiction measures were introduced that reduce the contact area during collapse.
To improve device characterization as well as the feedback link between simulation and fabrication, a set of test structures called VM-TEST was developed to accurately determine the important mechanical material properties of thick electroplated layers. These structures utilize the measurement of the pull-in voltage in cantilever and fixed-fixed beams, along with measured structure dimensions, to accurately extract the mechanical properties. Both nickel and gold test structures were analyzed with extracted Young’s modulus values of 186.2 and 60.8 GPa respectively.
Also presented is a study of the gap shape in cantilever and fixed-fixed beams that significantly reduces the pull-in voltage while still maintaining a required maximum actuator displacement. It was shown that in the case of cantilever beam actuators, an approximately 40% reduction in pull-in voltage is possible, and in the case of fixed-fixed beam actuators, an approximately 30% reduction is possible by simply varying the shape of the gap between the beam and actuator electrode. These results can be used to significantly reduce the pull-in voltage of future designs.
These promising results show that the LIGA fabrication process is capable of producing high performance dynamically operating RF MEMS devices, by exploiting the vertical dimension, not typically performed in most existing RF MEMS designs.
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蔡岳霖. "New method for extracting material optical properties in THz range." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27523243403700208824.
Full textBooks on the topic "Extraction material properties"
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Pierron, Fabrice. The Virtual Fields Method: Extracting Constitutive Mechanical Parameters from Full-field Deformation Measurements. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012.
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Serebryakov, Andrey, Tat'yana Smirnova, Valentina Mercheva, and Elena Soboleva. Chemistry of combustible minerals. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1041945.
Full textAbstract:
This textbook is a publication of the latest generation, designed to optimize the national project "Education"; develops theoretical knowledge about the genesis of natural liquid, gaseous and solid combustible minerals, the formation of the composition and properties, the practical significance of fuel and energy natural complexes. It is devoted to the study of the composition, properties and classification of oils, gas condensate, natural gases and solid combustible minerals, studied at the level of modern achievements of instrumental analytical and factory equipment in accordance with existing technologies, theories and hypotheses about the genesis of hydrocarbons and Earth sciences. The publication is supplemented with the main directions of processing of combustible minerals. Digital and graphical types of chemical models of the synergy of components of gas and oil deposits are described, which are necessary for predicting the phase state and composition of hydrocarbons and optimizing the directions of processing of marketable products. To facilitate the process of cognition of the origin and formation of the composition and properties of natural combustible minerals, a glossary, tests, as well as questions for the test and exam are offered.
To control the knowledge gained by students while studying textbook materials, each chapter is accompanied by questions and tasks.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the fields of 05.04.01, 05.03.01 "Geology", 21.05.02 "Applied Geology", as well as for specialists in the field of geology, geochemistry, extraction and processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, solid fuels.
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Q, Li Ben, TMS Synthesis and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee., Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Materials Design and Manufacturing Division. Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee., and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, eds. Processing of metals and advanced materials: Modeling, design, and properties : proceedings of an international symposium sponsored by the Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee of the Extraction and Processing Division and of the Materials Design and Manufacturing Division of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, held at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, February 16-19, 1998. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1998.
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Grédiac, Michel, and Fabrice Pierron. Virtual Fields Method: Extracting Constitutive Mechanical Parameters from Full-Field Deformation Measurements. Springer New York, 2014.
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Metals and Materials Society. Meeting (128th : 1999 : San Diego, Calif.) Minerals. Review of Extraction, Processing, Properties and Applications of Reactive Metals: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the Reactive Metals Committee ... of Tms (The Minerals, Metals & Materials. Tms, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Extraction material properties"
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Jager, Andreas, Christian Pichler, Thomas Niederkofler, and Roman Lackner. "Finer-Scale Extraction of Viscoelastic Properties From Materials Exhibiting Elastic, Viscous, and Plastic Material Behavior." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 503–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_249.
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Azevedo, João M. S., Ma João Henriques, Ma Luisa B. Costa, and José M. A. Empis. "Extraction of Lupinus Sp. Alkaloids Leads to Cheap High Protein Food/Feed Raw Material." In Food Properties and Computer-Aided Engineering of Food Processing Systems, 485–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2370-6_36.
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Schmidt, J., F. Schreiner, B. Thorenz, and F. Döpper. "Evaluation of Material Properties of Spruce Wood Samples to Improve the Development Process for More Sustainable Sawing Processes." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 249–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_28.
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AbstractThe processing of wood as a renewable and sustainable material is steadily gaining in importance. However, sawing processes in sawmills are characterized by high electrical energy consumption. Improving the geometry of the saw teeth is an option to make sawing processes more energy efficient and sustainable. Since the industrial sawing processes in sawmills are rather inflexible, the development of new saw tooth geometries takes place in smaller experimental setups. However, the inhomogeneous and anisotropic properties of wood make it difficult to compare different material samples and saw teeth on the basis of measured values. This leads to untapped potentials regarding energy efficiency and sustainability in industrial sawing processes. This paper discusses material properties of spruce wood samples, depending on their place of extraction from the tree trunk. The measured variables considered are the wood moisture content, strength properties and the cutting force occurring during the sawing process. The results show that the measured values vary to different degrees within a tree trunk and between different tree trunks. Based on the results the validity of comparison measurements in the tool development process can be improved and thus increase the efficiency and sustainability of industrial sawing processes.
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Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 17–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.
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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.
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Camacho Cruz, Luis Alberto, Marlene Alejandra Velazco Medel, Luis Ramón Ortega Valdovinos, Angélica Cruz Gómez, and Emilio Bucio. "Material Synthesis, Structures and Characterization." In Frontiers in Nanomedicine, 14–59. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815136920123030005.
Full textAbstract:
Polymers have been employed for the development of medical devices and implants as some of them are biocompatible. Synthetic procedures and extraction techniques have allowed the obtention of different polymers, classified in this chapter as synthetic and natural polymers. In the process of synthesis of the polymer, its properties can be modulated to obtain more flexible or thermostable materials, non toxic or transparent, depending on the desired properties of the final product. A wide range of polymers have been used for the manufacturing of catheters, valves, tubes, and other medical devices; therefore, in this chapter, there is a brief description of some of them, their chemical structure and properties, and finally, their application in medicine is shown.
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"Precision of the Extraction of Material Properties from THz-TDS." In Principles of Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy, 453–534. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22478-17.
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Kohli, A. "Pineapple Natural Fibre Composite: Extraction, Mechanical Properties and Application." In Materials Research Foundations, 282–302. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901854-12.
Full textAbstract:
In the present scenario, one out of every five persons on the globe suffers from osteoporosis and other bone-related disorders. This disease has no age restrictions and can strike anybody between the ages of 10 and 100, even newborns. The aforementioned concerns are the consequence of lifestyle disorders as well as damage to the body, which affects the concerned person's body internally, resulting in the aforementioned issues as well as a shortage of Vitamin D. As a result, crutches and other rehabilitation items are in high demand. The above tools are often composed of wood, aluminium, or a steel/aluminum alloy, with Nylon 6/6 cuffs in the case of crutches. Many trees are felt as a result of the creation of such instruments. There is also a significant carbon footprint. As a result, an alternate material for the same purposes is required. Taking cues from the aforementioned issue and waste material in the sphere of residential trash, a PALF composite was identified due to its ease of availability as well as its superior quality and mechanical qualities.
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"Influence of extraction methods on the raw material physicomechanical properties of fillers." In Rock Mechanics in Civil and Environmental Engineering, 861–64. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10550-201.
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Aida, Aletheia. "Fluid Matters." In Examining the Environmental Impacts of Materials and Buildings, 160–86. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2426-8.ch006.
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Water interactions with building materials are addressed for major material groups including natural materials, non-technical ceramics, technical ceramics, metals, polymers, elastomers, and foams. Water quantities and qualities are identified across the life-cycle stages of building materials from sourcing and extraction, manufacturing, construction installation, operation and maintenance, and recyclability. With background information on the water cycle and physiochemistry properties, chemical interactions of building materials are highlighted to demonstrate the range of environmental impacts that building materials have upon water resources. Water consumption metrics are also correlated to the energy footprints of building material production and manufacturing processes. Various water impact calculation methods are referenced, and an overall assessment theorem is introduced for calculating the embodied water footprint of building materials. Example sum totals are indicated for each major material group in a comparative sourcing-to-operation framework.
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Kabir, Abuzar, Basit Olayanju, and Kenneth G. Furton. "Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction: Unifying Solid Phase Microextraction and Solid Phase Extraction by Design." In Evolution of Solid Phase Microextraction Technology, 214–48. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839167300-00214.
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A fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) device has gained considerable popularity in recent years as a novel sample preparation device for the rapid monitoring of a myriad of target analytes in biological, environmental, forensic, food and pharmaceutical samples. This extraction device is fabricated via a sol–gel sorbent coating process which enables strong chemical bonding between the flexible fabric substrate and the sorbent immobilized on the substrate's surface. The inherent material properties of the sol–gel sorbent and the chemically bonded sorbent on the fabric substrate endow FPSE membranes with high thermal, chemical and solvent stability. The number of available sorbents in FPSE outnumbers that of any other sample preparation techniques and offers a broad range of sorbents with distinct chemistries which could establish specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole interactions, London dispersion force, π–π interactions and others) with the target analytes. Fabric phase sorptive extraction has integrated the extraction mechanisms of solid phase extraction (exhaustive extraction) and solid phase microextraction (equilibrium extraction) by design. When an FPSE membrane is introduced into the sample matrix, it mimics an SPME fiber. During the extraction, the aqueous sample matrix continuously permeates through the pores of the FPSE membrane that mimics a solid phase extraction disk. The combination of the extraction mechanisms of two major, yet competing sample preparation technologies, sponge-like porous architecture of sol–gel sorbents, improved thermodynamic properties due to the combination of organic and inorganic components and faster extraction kinetics have positioned FPSE as an ideal sample preparation technology in the field of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.
Conference papers on the topic "Extraction material properties"
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Nada, Yasseen, Steve Stoffels, Harrie A. C. Tilmans, Emad Hegazi, Hani F. Ragai, and Amr M. Shaarawi. "RF MEMS resonators: Material properties extraction." In 2009 4th International Design and Test Workshop (IDT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idt.2009.5404127.
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Leyssenne, Laurent, Sidina Wane, Damienne Bajon, Philippe Descamps, and Rosine Coq-Germanicus. "Reconfigurable sensors for extraction of dielectric material and liquid properties." In 2013 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfic.2013.6569613.
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Poon, B., D. Rittel, and G. Ravichandran. "A Reexamination of the Extraction of Material Properties Using Nanoindentation." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59413.
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The paper reexamines the extraction of material properties using nanoindentation for linearly elastic and elastic-plastic materials. The paper considers indentation performed using a rigid conical indenter, as follows. Linearly elastic solids: The reduction of nanoindentation test data of elastic solids is usually processed using Sneddon’s relation [1], which assumes a linearly elastic infinite half space and an infinitely sharp indenter tip. These assumptions are violated in practical indentation experiments. Since most of the research on the extraction of material properties relies heavily on numerical simulations, we used them to investigate the specimen dimensions required for it to qualify as an infinite body, and the indentation conditions for finite tip radius effect to be negligible. The outcome of this part is firstly, the definition of a “converged” 2D geometry so that additional magnification of the numerical model does not influence the load-displacement curve, and secondly, an explicit relationship between the measured load and displacement that takes into account the finite tip radius. Elastic-plastic solids: Here, the main data reduction technique was proposed by Pharr et al. [2], assuming elastic unloading of a plastic nanoindentation. We investigated the effects of finite tip radius in elastic-plastic indentations and found that the accuracy of the prediction is currently limited by the accurate determination of the projected contact area. This point will be discussed and a new experimental technique to measure the projected contact area will be proposed. The Poisson’s ratio effect in elastic-plastic indentations is found to be different from the linearly elastic case. This leads to the discussion on the applicability of the correction factor (for Poisson’s ratio effect) derived in linear elastic indentations, on elastic-plastic indentations. Finally, a technique to obtain an upper bound estimate of the yield stress for the indented elastic-plastic material (which is an exact estimation for non-hardening materials), will be presented.
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Sokolovsky, Bogdan S., Volodymyr K. Pysarevsky, and Oleksiy V. Nemolovsky. "Negative differential photoconductivity of thin graded-bandgap layers in conditions of carrier extraction effect." In Fifth International Conference on Material Science and Material Properties for Infrared Optoelectronics, edited by Fiodor F. Sizov. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.417764.
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Trufanova, Natal'ya, and Sergey Artischev. "TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTION OF ELECTRIC FREQUENCY PARAMETERS OF CONDUCTIVE INK." In CAD/EDA/SIMULATION IN MODERN ELECTRONICS 2021. Bryansk State Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_61c997ee15f5f3.56701054.
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This article discusses a method for extracting parameters that allow you to calculate the nodes taking into account the properties of the material used in the technology of printing on a printer. As a result of the extraction of the parameters, the real parameters of the material were revealed.
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Barnes, Heidi, Robert Schaefer, and Jose Moreira. "Analysis of test coupon structures for the extraction of high frequency PCB material properties." In 2013 17th IEEE Workshop on Signal and Power Integrity (SPI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sapiw.2013.6558340.
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Sheikh, Fawad, Ismail B. Mabrouk, Akram Alomainy, Qammer H. Abbasi, and Thomas Kaiser. "Indoor Material Properties Extraction from Scattering Parameters at Frequencies from 750 GHz to 1.1 THz." In 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imws-amp.2019.8880096.
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Hsieh, Feng-Ju, and Wei-Chih Wang. "Effective material properties extraction method for an asymmetric metamaterial with uneven distances to two measurement ports." In 2012 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isot.2012.6403260.
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Berger, E. J., S. Tripathy, K. Vemaganti, Y. M. Kolambkar, H. X. You, and K. Courtney. "An Atomic Force Microscopy Indentation Study of Biomaterial Properties." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63244.
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful and increasingly common modality of biomechanical investigation, including imaging, force spectroscopy, and microrheology. AFM indentation of biomaterials requires use of a contact model for data interpretation and material property extraction, and a large segment of the scientific community uses the Hertz model or a close relative for small-scale indentation of thin, soft materials in high strain applications. We present experimental results and analytical/numerical modeling which lead to two main conclusions: (i) Hertzian mechanics are useful in a surprisingly large parameter range, including scenarios in which the underlying assumptions are seemingly violated, and (ii) the Hertz solution serves as a useful base from which power-series type solutions can be derived for a variety of non-Hertzian effects.
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Prakash, Raghu V. "A Decade of Experience With Small Specimen Testing to Evaluate Mechanical Properties of Materials." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37356.
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Small specimen testing has become popular in the recent times, due to the need for material property evaluation using limited volume samples available from processing techniques, scoop extraction of materials. There are several methods of direct and in-direct mechanical property evaluation such as: automated ball indentation, miniature tensile testing, small punch testing, shear punch testing and miniature specimen impact testing. Most of these techniques provide a correlation with standard specimen test data through empirical relationships. This paper summarizes work done at the author’s Institution during the last decade on small specimen testing, with specific reference to spherical ball indentation (both static as well as cyclic indentation), shear punch and small punch testing on a number of metallic materials. Specific examples of how the material degradation due to prior damage (plastic deformation, fatigue, creep) are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Extraction material properties"
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McKinnon, Mark, Daniel Madryzkowksi, and Craig Weinschenk. Development of a Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Investigation Analysis - Materials and Methods. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/zmpa6638.
Full textAbstract:
Meetings with the majority of the Technical Panel for the Development of an Interactive Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Modeling project were held on June 29 and June 30, 2020. The major subjects of discussion included the list of proposed materials to be tested and characterized, the properties for the database, and the experimental and analytical methods to determine the properties for the database. A list of 101 materials divided into 11 categories were identified for inclusion in the database. The topics of variability in materials and aging of products and furniture items was discussed and it was concluded that investigating these variations is outside the scope of the project in this phase. The list of properties to be stored in the database for each material as well as proposed experimental methods to determine each property were discussed in the Technical Panel meetings. The discussion emphasized that the priorities for the properties represented in the database are dependent on the expected users for the database. Three potential user groups and the sets of properties that each group would likely require were identified. To ensure that the data contained in the database is useful for modeling, it was determined that prioritization would be given to complete sets of properties to be measured and stored in the database. Over the course of the two meetings, several tools were proposed to make the database easier for model practitioners to use. Once such tool included functionality to output lines of code for the models or entire model input files to simplify the process of inserting the properties into computa- tional fire models. Another tool that was discussed would involve automatically extracting derived properties from data sets or translating between complex and simple representations of burning. The next phase of the project includes conducting research to finalize the structure of the database and finalizing experimental procedures and protocols to populate the database.
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Li, Jian. Improved Light Extraction By Engineering Molecular Properties Of Square Planar Phosphorescent Emissive Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1844557.
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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784