Journal articles: 'Extraction impacts'

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Chomsky, Aviva. "Social Impacts of Resource Extraction." Latin American Research Review 51, no. 1 (2016): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2016.0000.

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Lavenburg, Valerie M., Kurt A. Rosentrater, and Stephanie Jung. "Extraction Methods of Oils and Phytochemicals from Seeds and Their Environmental and Economic Impacts." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101839.

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Over recent years, the food industry has striven to reduce waste, mostly because of rising awareness of the detrimental environmental impacts of food waste. While the edible oils market (mostly represented by soybean oil) is forecasted to reach 632 million tons by 2022, there is increasing interest to produce non-soybean, plant-based oils including, but not limited to, coconut, flaxseed and hemp seed. Expeller pressing and organic solvent extractions are common methods for oil extraction in the food industry. However, these two methods come with some concerns, such as lower yields for expeller pressing and environmental concerns for organic solvents. Meanwhile, supercritical CO2 and enzyme-assisted extractions are recognized as green alternatives, but their practicality and economic feasibility are questioned. Finding the right balance between oil extraction and phytochemical yields and environmental and economic impacts is challenging. This review explores the advantages and disadvantages of various extraction methods from an economic, environmental and practical standpoint. The novelty of this work is how it emphasizes the valorization of seed by-products, as well as the discussion on life cycle, environmental and techno-economic analyses of oil extraction methods.

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Wang, Yu Lin, Hai Juan Hu, Sen Qi, and Guang Fu Liu. "Environmental Impacts Assessment of Liquid Crystal Extraction From Wasted LCD Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.55.

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In view of the extraction of liquid crystal from the wasted LCD panels, this paper aims to analyze the raw materials consumption, energy consumption and emissions to the environment in the extracting process based on the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The environmental impacts of the recycling procedure are assessed with the aid of LCIA（Life Cycle Inventory Assessment）method and CML2001 method provided by LCA analyzing software Gabi 4. Two ways of liquid crystal extraction mentioned in the paper are supercritical method and distilling method. The assessment results indicate: the supercritical method’s LCIA result is 3 times higher than the distilling method, but the liquid crystal extracting rate can reach 95% with a lower raw materials consumption; the environmental impacts of distilling method is lower than supercritical method, but its extracting rate of liquid crystal can only get to 50%. For industrial applications, supercritical method has greater advantages and there are more crafts to perfect for distilling method in improving the recovery rate of liquid crystal.

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Vieira, Letícia De Freitas, Antonio Jeovah De Andrade Meireles, and Henrique Sampaio De Castro. "IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS CAUSADOS POR ATIVIDADE DE MINERAÇÃO DE AREIA EM DUNAS FIXAS, CAUCAIA, CEARÁ." Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) 21, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 1060–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35701/rcgs.v21n2.503.

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Este trabalho propõe-se em trazer uma discussão acerca da mineração, enfocando nos impactos ambientais causados pela extração de agregados para a construção civil. A área de estudo é uma poligonal de 44,8 hectares, licenciada para extrair areia até 2018. Localizada em uma duna fixa, foi possível constatar os impactos relacionados com o desmatamento, retirada do solo e do minério, mudança topográfica e o afloramento do lençol freático. A metodologia consistiu em trabalho de campo, gabinete e aplicações de métodos da Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais que foram a Metodologia de listagem (Check-list) e Matrizes de interações. Através dessas metodologias, alguns dos resultados obtidos foram a descaracterização da paisagem, a determinação dos processos evolutivos do campo de dunas com a extração mineral e o afloramento do lençol freático. Por meio do check-list, foram elencados os impactos positivos e negativos, e a matriz de interações relacionou os impactos do empreendimento com o meio ambiente. Baseado nos resultados, concluiu-se que os impactos da mineração são 44% negativos e apenas 6% positivos e que, na maioria dos casos, o impacto ambiental foi de elevada magnitude, representando atividade nitidamente insustentável no âmbito social e ambiental.Palavras-chave: Mineração; Descaracterização da paisagem; Impacto ambiental. ABSTRACTThe present work proposes a discussion about mining, with emphasis on the environmental impacts caused by the extraction of aggregates for the construction industry. The study area is a 44.8 hectare polygon that was auctioned for sand extraction until 2018. Located on a fixed dune, Related to: deforestation, removal of vegetation, soil and ore, topographic change and outcropping of groundwater . The methodology consisted of fieldwork, office work and the applications Environmental Impact Assessment Methods that were the List Methodology (Checklist) and Interaction Matrices. Through these methodologies, some of the results obtained were the de-characterization of the landscape,The determination of the evolutionary processes of the dune field with the mineral extraction and the outcrop of the water table Positive and negative impacts were listed throughout the checklist and the interaction matrix related to development impacts within the environment. Based on the results, it was concluded that the impacts of mining are 44% negative and only 6% positive and that in most cases, the environmental impact was of high magnitude, representing a clearly unsustainable social and environmental activity.Keywords: Mining; Landscape characterization; Environmental impact.

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Graham, Felicia Christine. "Social Impacts of Resource Extraction: A Comparative Examination of Andean Latin America and Implications for Rising Colombia." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 1-2 (2014): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341297.

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AbstractResource extractive conflicts are typically attributed to environmental or economic concerns. In this article I argue, however, that conflicts in Andean Latin America are also shown to incorporate social concerns born from structural shifts inherent in resource extraction that alter land use, labor, and community relations. I also seek to bring to the fore the actual social impacts of resource extraction to argue that these factors play a larger role in shaping individual, community, and even political consciousness. An examination of this sort allows for a more comprehensive understanding of extractive conflicts and can further efforts to foster inclusive collaboration between governments, companies, and communities by exposing the linkages between resource extraction and the community.

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Zhang, Cheng Long, Jing Wei Wang, Jian Feng Bai, and Wen Jie Wu. "Life Cycle Assessment of the Bio-Hydrometallurgical Process of Recycling Copper from Printed Circuit Boards Scraps." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.929.

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Recently, a few studies have been undertaken for the extracting of metallic copper from electronic scrap/printed circuit boards by bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning. Results of the present investigation indicate that bioleaching-solvent extraction-electrowinning could be a new cleaner hydrometallurgy route for recovery copper from the PCBs.The life cycle assessment method was used to investigate the environmental impacts of the new biohydrometallurgical process of production of metallic copper. The energy consumption，greenhouse effect，acidification in the new processes is studied and compared. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning technology is less than the conventional mechanical-pyrometallurgical processes and pyrometallurgical processes.

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Henry, Matthew S. "Extractive Fictions and Postextraction Futurisms." Environmental Humanities 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 402–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-7754534.

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Abstract This essay operates at the intersection of the energy humanities and environmental justice studies to survey extractive fictions, a term I use to describe literature and other cultural forms that render visible the socioecological impacts of extractive capitalism and problematize extraction as a cultural practice. The essay first theorizes extraction and examines cultural representations of coal and gas fields in northern Appalachia, including Ann Pancake’s novel Strange as This Weather Has Been (2007) and Jennifer Haigh’s novel Heat and Light (2015). Each, by rendering visible instances of environmental degradation and economic decline associated with energy development, challenges the deep-seated role of extraction as a cornerstone of regional cultural identity and the mythos of fossil fuel development as a path to economic and social progress. In doing so, they lay bare the epistemological failures of extractive capitalism, a mode of accumulation based on the large-scale withdrawal and processing of natural resources. The final section of the essay turns to the AMD&ART Park in Vintondale, Pennsylvania, and artist-activist John Sabraw’s toxic-art initiative in southern Ohio, both of which address these failures through the articulation of postextraction futurism, a critical method that combines environmental science and historically situated aesthetics to remediate ecological and social injustices associated with extraction. Both projects emerge from collaborations among artists, academics, scientists, and local communities to reverse the impacts of extraction through innovative water reclamation techniques and art exhibits that memorialize the region’s coal heritage. These initiatives complement extractive fictions to envision an inclusive, livable Appalachia unencumbered by the dictates of extractive capitalism.

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Camargo, Diego Aparecido, Rafaele Almeida Munis, Ricardo Hideaki Miyajima, Roldão Carlos Andrade Lima, and Danilo Simões. "Mechanized Wood Extraction: Impacts on Operators’ Hearing Health." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101553.

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The activity of the mechanized extraction of wood, carried out by means of self-propelled forest machines, consists of moving the wood cut inside the forest stand from the planted forests to the roadside. During displacements, these machines normally travel over forest residues and stumps, which can demand greater motor power from the engine, in addition to the possible increase in occupational noise levels. In this context, we evaluated whether, when operating different self-propelled forest machines in the wood extraction of planted Eucalyptus forests, operators are exposed to different levels of occupational noise, especially to thresholds above those established for prevention purposes. Occupational noise data were collected during the workday, weighing six self-propelled forest machine operators who performed the wood-extraction operation, performed by two forwarders, two self-loading tractors, and two grapple skidders, in three areas with Eucalyptus plantations located in the southeastern region of Brazil. The sound-pressure level was collected using two integrative meters following the strategic measurement criterion recommendation for the whole day in the guidelines of the acoustic determination of occupational noise exposure and analyzed according to the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. Operators of forest machines for the mechanized extraction of wood were exposed to occupational noise levels above the recommended level, which can affect health and well-being; this occupation also required above-average levels of attention during the execution of work activities.

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Cust, James, and Steven Poelhekke. "The Local Economic Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction." Annual Review of Resource Economics 7, no. 1 (October 2015): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100814-125106.

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Zhao, Shen, He-Ming Wang, Wei-Qiang Chen, Dong Yang, Jing-Ru Liu, and Feng Shi. "Environmental impacts of domestic resource extraction in China." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2019.1577703.

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Rajagopalan, Neethi, Melissa M. Bilec, and Amy E. Landis. "Residential Life Cycle Assessment Modeling: Comparative Case Study of Insulating Concrete Forms and Traditional Building Materials." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.3.95.

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Innovative, sustainable construction products are emerging in response to market demands. One potential product, insulating concrete forms (ICFs), offers possible advantages in energy and environmental performance when compared with traditional construction materials. Even though ICFs are in part derived from a petroleum-based product, the benefits in the use phase outweigh the impacts of the raw material extraction and manufacturing phase. This paper quantitatively measures ICFs' performance through a comparative life cycle assessment of wall sections comprised of ICF and traditional wood-frame. The life cycle stages included raw materials extraction and manufacturing, construction, use and end of life for a 2,450 square foot house in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Results showed that even though building products such as ICFs are energy intensive to produce and thus have higher environmental impacts in the raw materials extraction and manufacturing phase, the use phase dominated in the life cycle. For the use phase, the home constructed of ICFs consumed 20 percent less energy when compared to a traditional wood-frame structure. The results of the impact assessment show that ICFs have higher impacts over wood homes in most impact categories. The high impacts arise from the raw materials extraction and manufacturing phase of ICFs. But there are a number of embedded unit processes such as disposal of solid waste and transport of natural gas that contribute to this high impact and identifying the top unit process and substance contributors to the impact category is not intuitive. Selecting different unit processes or impact assessment methods will yield dissimilar results and the tradeoffs associated with every building product should be considered after studying the entire life cycle in detail.

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Zidan, Mahmoud N., Nicola Everitt, Tawfik Ismail, and Irene S. Fahim. "Organic Solar Cells Parameters Extraction and Characterization Techniques." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193224.

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Organic photovoltaic research is continuing in order to improve the efficiency and stability of the products. Organic devices have recently demonstrated excellent efficiency, bringing them closer to the market. Understanding the relationship between the microscopic parameters of the device and the conditions under which it is prepared and operated is essential for improving performance at the device level. This review paper emphasizes the importance of the parameter extraction stage for organic solar cell investigations by offering various device models and extraction methodologies. In order to link qualitative experimental measurements to quantitative microscopic device parameters with a minimum number of experimental setups, parameter extraction is a valuable step. The number of experimental setups directly impacts the pace and cost of development. Several experimental and material processing procedures, including the use of additives, annealing, and polymer chain engineering, are discussed in terms of their impact on the parameters of organic solar cells. Various analytical, numerical, hybrid, and optimization methods were introduced for parameter extraction based on single, multiple diodes and drift-diffusion models. Their validity for organic devices was tested by extracting the parameters of some available devices from the literature.

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Esterhuyse, Surina, Frank Sokolic, Nola Redelinghuys, Marinda Avenant, Andrzej Kijko, Jan Glazewski, Lisa Plit, et al. "Vulnerability mapping as a tool to manage the environmental impacts of oil and gas extraction." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 11 (November 2017): 171044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171044.

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Various biophysical and socio-economic impacts may be associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction. A vulnerability map may assist governments during environmental assessments, spatial planning and the regulation of UOG extraction, as well as decision-making around UOG extraction in fragile areas. A regional interactive vulnerability map was developed for UOG extraction in South Africa. This map covers groundwater, surface water, vegetation, socio-economics and seismicity as mapping themes, based on impacts that may emanate from UOG extraction. The mapping themes were developed using a normative approach, where expert input during the identification and classification of vulnerability indicators may increase the acceptability of the resultant map. This article describes the development of the interactive vulnerability map for South Africa, where UOG extraction is not yet allowed and where regulations are still being developed to manage this activity. The importance and policy implications of using vulnerability maps for managing UOG extraction impacts in countries where UOG extraction is planned are highlighted in this article.

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André, Januário Cacilda, Fidel Luis Alvarez, and Jose Francisco Lastra Rivero. "Caracterização dos impactos ambientais e sociais na exploração de rochas e minerais industriais no desenvolvimento local no município de Sumbe (Angola) / Characterization of environmental and social impacts..." Cadernos CIMEAC 9, no. 1 (July 27, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/cimeac.v9i1.3868.

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O objectivo do trabalho é avaliar de forma preliminar a relação dos impactos ambientais e sociais da exploração de rochas e minerais industriais no desenvolvimento local do município do Sumbe. Para isso, partimos das análises das causas e da identificação dos principais elementos que impactam nas comunidades do município. A metodologia utilizada constou de revisão bibliográfica; visitas a pedreiras em plena extracção e processamento de rochas e minerais industriais; e consulta aos responsáveis, empregados e membros da comunidade por meio de entrevistas e inquéritos, para revelar as causas dos impactos ambientais e sociais e sua relação no desenvolvimento local do município do Sumbe.Palavras-chave: Extração; Rochas minerais e industriais; Impacto ambiental e social: desenvolvimento local. ABSTRACT: The objective of this work is to evaluate in a preliminary way the relation of the environmental and social impacts of the exploration of rocks and industrial minerals in the local development of the municipality of Sumbe. For this, we start from the analysis of the causes and the identification of the main elements that impact the communities of the municipality. The methodology used consisted of a bibliographical review; visits to quarries in full extraction and processing of rocks and industrial minerals; and to consult with stakeholders, employees and community members through interviews and surveys to reveal the causes of environmental and social impacts and their relationship to local development in the Sumbe municipality.Keywords: Extraction; Mineral and industrial rocks; Environmental and social impact; Local development.

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Walker, Glen. "A Potential Approach of Reporting Risk to Baseflow from Increased Groundwater Extraction in the Murray-Darling Basin, South-Eastern Australia." Water 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14132118.

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An approach of reporting long-term trends in groundwater extraction and baseflow impacts in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in south-eastern Australia was developed and tested. The principal aim of the framework was to provide early warning of any potential adverse impacts from groundwater extraction on environmental releases of surface water for baseflow, support adaptive management of these impacts, and highlight those areas which may benefit from conjunctive water management. The analysis showed that there is no current decadal trend in the annual aggregate groundwater extraction volumes or stream impact across the non-Victorian MDB, with much of the interannual variability being related to rainfall. Despite this, increasing volumes of environmental releases of water for baseflows in some river valleys are being required to replace the stream depletion caused by historical patterns of groundwater extraction established before 2003. Two valleys were identified for which there may be insufficient surface water storage to release water to substitute stream losses to groundwater and still support ecosystems during dry periods. The increasing trend in extraction since 2003 in one of the units has significantly increased the risk in that valley. The reporting framework was shown to be effective for alluvial groundwater systems connected to regulated rivers.

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Shaw, Stephanie. "Natural gas-Environmental impact: Air-quality impacts from natural gas extraction and combustion." Natural Gas & Electricity 29, no. 4 (October 19, 2012): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21643.

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Aourabi, Sarra, Mouhcine Sfaira, and Fatima Mahjoubi. "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenol Content from Zea mays Hairs (Waste)." Scientific World Journal 2020 (December 17, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5072938.

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The aim of this study was to achieve the best extraction efficiency of the hydroethanolic extract of Zea mays hairs. The impacts of ethanol concentration, extraction time, and solvent /material ratio were studied in relation to the performance of Zea mays extracts by ultrasonic extraction at 50 kHz and room temperature. All extracts were quantitatively characterized in terms of polyphenol content. Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to optimize the extraction process and increase extraction efficiency. In the experiments, different concentrations of ethanol:water were used. The efficiency of the extraction process was determined from an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The maximum extraction efficiency of the hydroethanolic extraction (31.37%) and the quantitative value of the polyphenol content (257.87 mg EAG/g extract) were obtained using a treatment time of 40 min, an ethanol:water (70 : 30), and a solvent/material ratio (11 mL/g). The results obtained indicate that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is an effective method for extracting natural compounds from Zea mays, thus allowing the full use of this abundant and inexpensive industrial waste.

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Dino, Giovanna Antonella, Alessandro Cavallo, Piergiorgio Rossetti, Ernő Garamvölgyi, Renáta Sándor, and Frederic Coulon. "Towards Sustainable Mining: Exploiting Raw Materials from Extractive Waste Facilities." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062383.

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The focus of the present research is on the exploitation of extractive waste to recover raw materials, considering the technological and economic factors, together with the environmental impacts, associated with extractive waste quarrying and dressing activities. The present study, based on a case history from Northern Italy (Montorfano and Baveno granite quarrying area), was intended to validate the presented interdisciplinary approach for evaluating economic and environmental impacts associated with extractive waste facility exploitation (from granite waste to products for the ceramic industry and by-products for the building industry). A shared methodology was applied to determine extractive waste characteristics (geochemistry, petrography, and mineralogy), waste volume (geophysical, topographic, and morphologic 3D characterization) and potential exploitable products and by-products. Meanwhile, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to determine the environmental impacts associated with the extraction and processing phases.

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Osband, Adena J., and Radi F. Zaki. "Extraction time of kidneys during organ procurement impacts function." Clinical Transplantation 25, no. 2 (March 2011): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2010.01233.x.

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Chatzirodou, Antonia, and Harshinie Karunarathna. "IMPACTS OF TIDAL ENERGY EXTRACTION ON SEA BED MORPHOLOGY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 34 (October 26, 2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v34.sediment.33.

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Bart, David, Eric Booth, Steven P. Loheide, and Thomas Bernthal. "Impacts of groundwater extraction on calcareous fen floristic quality." Journal of Environmental Quality 49, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20059.

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Dutka, B. J., R. Bourbonniere, R. McInnis, K. K. Kwan, and A. Jurkovic. "Bioassay assessment of impacts of tar sands extraction operations." Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality 10, no. 2 (May 1995): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.2530100205.

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Murugan, M. D., L. H. Tee, and K. S. Oh. "Evaluation of the environment impact of extraction of bioactive compounds from Darcyodes rostrata using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012005.

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Abstract Polyphenols, the most abundant and naturally occurring antioxidants, was found to be the highest in Dacryodes rostrata seed as compared to the peel and pulp of the fruit. Growing technologies in the past decades have led to the interest of reviewing and developing environmental-friendly green extraction solvent, as the commonly used conventional solvent imposing various risks to human health and environment. An environmental-friendly extraction technique was established using deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the alternative extraction solvent has been considered. The main objective of this study was to analyse the environmental impact and performance of laboratory processes for phenolic compounds extraction from D. rostrata peel using different solvent, by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). A comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by both solvents, DES and conventional organic solvent, ethanol. The functional unit (FU) was defined as 104.6 mg of extracted polyphenols, measured as gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE)/g dw of D. rostrata seed used. The variation of environmental impacts between DES and ethanol as a function of optimum process conditions (temperature, time, solid/liquid ratio, and water addition) was evaluated. According to the environmental profile analyzed, the well-developed ethanol exerted lower impact and energy consumptions as compared to the environmental-friendly green solvent, DES. Besides, transport activities and electricity consumptions from the extraction process was identified contributing highest environment impact.

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Tang, Xu, Bao Sheng Zhang, Ke Qiang Guo, and Lian Yong Feng. "Petroleum Industry’s Impacts on Government Tax Revenues of China: An Input–Output Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3129.

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Petroleum industry has made tremendous contribution on the government tax revenues of China. A model is established to analyze petroleum industry’s impacts on government tax revenues of China in this study based on the Input-Output approach. Petroleum industry’s impacts on government tax revenues are divided into direct, indirect and induced impacts. The research results suggest that the total impacts of extraction of petroleum and processing of petroleum on government tax revenues in 2007 are 176.6 billion CNY and 404.0 billion CNY respectively; extraction of petroleum has more direct impacts on government tax revenues given one unit output added, processing of petroleum has more indirect and induced impacts.

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Babidge, Sally. "The problem with “transparency”." Focaal 2015, no. 73 (December 1, 2015): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2015.730106.

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Subterranean waters in the mineral-rich and water-poor Atacama desert, northern Chile, are subject to contest between resource-extracting companies and mostly indigenous residents. In complying with global Corporate Social Responsibility standards and local agreements, and in an effort to reduce opposition from indigenous groups, some mining companies have begun to undertake “transparency” reporting regarding the impact of their subterranean water extraction activities. These engagements present a moral interface between two streams of global discourse: the CSR principle of “transparency” on impacts of water extraction and the rights of indigenous peoples to “native waters.” An ethnographic study of a set of such engagements shows indigenous community rejection of the truths that transparency purports to reveal. However, the apparent intractability of moral contest in such globally comparative and locally specific contexts in terms of distrust of the mining companies is tempered by a proposition for the ethics of engagement.

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Masnadi, Mohammad S., and Adam R. Brandt. "Climate impacts of oil extraction increase significantly with oilfield age." Nature Climate Change 7, no. 8 (July 17, 2017): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3347.

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Mujagic, M. "Extraction d’une incisive mandibulaire : impacts thérapeutiques et critères de décision." Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 48, no. 2 (April 2014): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2014007.

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Wiche, Pia, Felipe Pequeño, and Danilo Granato. "Life cycle analysis of a refurbished smartphone in Chile." E3S Web of Conferences 349 (2022): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234901011.

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A complete life cycle analysis (LCA) of a refurbished high-end smartphone in Chile is conducted to find out its environmental impacts and evaluate potential advantages compared to a new one and a modular alternative. The functional unit is defined as the daily use of smartphone for 3 years, including audio, video, and internet. The results show that use and production phase are the most impactful (52,0% and 45,2%, respectively), but phases contribute differently depending on the impact category. It is also found that a refurbished smartphone presents 71% and 60% lower global warming potential than a new version and modular smartphone, respectively. The lower impacts of the refurbished alternative are due to the reutilization of the device avoiding the impacts related to material extraction and device production. However, it is not possible to assess the significance of these differences due to the lack of uncertainty analysis in other studies. In conclusion, refurbishing can avoid extraction and production phases which reduces environmental impacts. Yet, to appropriately compare different circular models, it is imperative to calculate and publish the uncertainty of LCA results.

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Phillipson, Keith. "Prediction of groundwater impacts from coal seam gas extraction in the Surat Basin." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18079.

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The Queensland regulatory framework recognises that the impacts of groundwater extraction activities can overlap in areas of concentrated development. Such areas of overlapping impacts can be declared ‘cumulative management areas’ (CMAs). When a CMA is established, the Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment (OGIA) becomes responsible for carrying out a cumulative impact assessment and preparing an Underground Water Impact Report (UWIR). The Surat CMA was declared in March 2011, and since this time, two iterations of the UWIR have been published in 2012 and 2016, underpinned by a gradually evolving regional groundwater flow model. This case study presentation will examine a number novel features of the regional groundwater flow model, resulting from OGIA’s ongoing research and development program, including the development of an adapted version of the MODFLOW-USG groundwater flow modelling code and approximation of coal desaturation and dual-phase flow effects using a modified van Genuchten function. The presentation will also look at the simulation of CSG extraction using a ‘descending drain’ methodology that recognises the gas-filled nature of CSG wells and generating up-scaled properties of highly heterogenous sedimentary material by first generating stochastic realisations of fragments of these layers, and then using ‘numerical permeameters’ to determine both the expected value and stochasticity of these properties, at the regional scale.

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Martins, Florinda, Álvaro Torrinha, Cristina Delerue-Matos, and Simone Morais. "Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost of an Innovative Carbon Paper Sensor for 17α-Ethinylestradiol and Comparison with the Classical Chromatographic Method." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 8896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148896.

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Nowadays there is a growing concern with the environment and sustainability, which means that better methods, including pollutants analysis, with less consumption of materials, organic solvents, and energy, need to be developed. Considering the almost inexistent information about the topic, the main goal of this work was to compare the environmental impacts of two analytical methods, a traditional one based on liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and a newly developed carbon paper sensor. The selected analyte was 17α-ethinylestradiol, which is a contaminant of emergent concern in aquatic ecosystems due to its endocrine disruptor behavior. The life cycle assessment data showed that the sensor detection presents an almost negligible environmental impact when compared with the extraction step (the same for both methods) and the liquid chromatographic determination (roughly 80 times higher than with the sensor). The sensor values for all categories of damage are below 3% of the total method impacts, i.e., 1.6, 1.9, 2.4, and 2.9% for resources, climate change, human health, and ecosystem quality. The extraction represents 98.1% of the sensor environmental impacts (and 99.6% of its life cycle costing) and 38.8% of the chromatographic method. This study evidences the need of developing and applying greener analytical (detection and extraction) strategies.

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Stillitano, Teodora, Giacomo Falcone, Anna Irene De Luca, Antonio Piga, Paola Conte, Alfio Strano, and Giovanni Gulisano. "A Life Cycle Perspective to Assess the Environmental and Economic Impacts of Innovative Technologies in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extraction." Foods 8, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060209.

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Advances in the adoption of technological innovations represent a great driver to improve the competitiveness of the Italian extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) industry. This work assesses the efficiency of an innovative extraction plant (with low oxidative impact, heating of paste before malaxation and a special decanter that avoids the final vertical centrifugation) in terms of oil yield and quality, and economic and environmental impacts. Economic and environmental impacts were evaluated by using both life cycle costing and life cycle assessment methodologies. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to highlight the uncertain factors that may strongly affect the results. Findings showed that olive milling with the innovative plant resulted in olive oil with a significant increase in quality, although the extraction yield was significantly higher when using conventional technology. In terms of environmental results, an average growth of 4.5% of the impacts in all categories was reached. The economic results revealed the highest extraction cost for the innovative scenario as well as the lower profitability, although a positive return in investment feasibility can be achieved due to an increase in the olive oil selling price. These findings could be useful to highlight the main hotspots in EVOO production and to suggest improvements for more sustainable management.

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Wait, R., and R. Rossouw. "A comparative assessment of the economic benefits from shale gas extraction in the Karoo, South Africa." Southern African Business Review 18, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/5651.

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It has been said that the development of a shale gas industry could be a ‘game changer’ for South Africa. Proponents of shale gas tend to emphasise the benefits, whilst opponents emphasise the environmental costs. This paper is an attempt to inform the policy debate by highlighting both the potential economic benefits and environmental costs. To date, the Econometrix report (published in 2012) provides the only estimate of the economic impacts that may emanate from developing the Karoo’s shale gas. The report uses a Keynesian multiplier model to estimate the impacts. The analysis performed in this paper estimates the economic impacts using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling approach, and the results are compared to the findings of the Econometrix report. In doing so, this paper provides an expanded view of the potential economic impact. Accordingly, this paper provides a number of findings on the estimated economic impact of shale gas extraction – based on the application of an economy-wide impact modelling methodology – which should be of interest to both opponents and proponents of the shale gas industry. By including all possible results, such as a boost in public sector jobs and an analysis of the impact on consumer prices and jobs in other sectors, this paper expands the current understanding of the likely impact of shale gas extraction in the Karoo of South Africa.

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Li, Guihui, Li Ma, Zhipeng Yan, Qinhe Zhu, Jiangtao Cai, Saiyu Wang, Yuan Yuan, Yongzhong Chen, and Senwen Deng. "Extraction of Oils and Phytochemicals from Camellia oleifera Seeds: Trends, Challenges, and Innovations." Processes 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081489.

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Camellia seed oil, extracted from the seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel., is popular in South China because of its high nutritive value and unique flavor. Nowadays, the traditional extraction methods of hot pressing extraction (HPE) and solvent extraction (SE) are contentious due to low product quality and high environmental impact. Innovative methods such as supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) and aqueous extraction (AE) are proposed to overcome the pitfalls of the traditional methods. However, they are often limited to the laboratory or pilot scale due to economic or technical bottlenecks. Optimization of extraction processes indicates the challenges in finding the optimal balance between the yield and quality of oils and phytochemicals, as well as the environmental and economic impacts. This article aims to explore recent advances and innovations related to the extraction of oils and phytochemicals from camellia seeds, and it focuses on the pretreatment and extraction processes, as well as their complex effects on nutritional and sensory qualities. We hope this review will help readers to better understand the trends, challenges, and innovations associated with the camellia industry.

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Zhang, HuiHui, Hugo A. Loáiciga, LuWei Feng, Jing He, and QingYun Du. "Setting the Flow Accumulation Threshold Based on Environmental and Morphologic Features to Extract River Networks from Digital Elevation Models." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030186.

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Determining the flow accumulation threshold (FAT) is a key task in the extraction of river networks from digital elevation models (DEMs). Several methods have been developed to extract river networks from Digital Elevation Models. However, few studies have considered the geomorphologic complexity in the FAT estimation and river network extraction. Recent studies estimated influencing factors’ impacts on the river length or drainage density without considering anthropogenic impacts and landscape patterns. This study contributes two FAT estimation methods. The first method explores the statistical association between FAT and 47 tentative explanatory factors. Specifically, multi-source data, including meteorologic, vegetation, anthropogenic, landscape, lithology, and topologic characteristics are incorporated into a drainage density-FAT model in basins with complex topographic and environmental characteristics. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was employed to evaluate the factors’ predictive performance. The second method exploits fractal geometry theory to estimate the FAT at the regional scale, that is, in basins whose large areal extent precludes the use of basin-wide representative regression predictors. This paper’s methodology is applied to data acquired for Hubei and Qinghai Provinces, China, from 2001 through 2018 and systematically tested with visual and statistical criteria. Our results reveal key local features useful for river network extraction within the context of complex geomorphologic characteristics at relatively small spatial scales and establish the importance of properly choosing explanatory geomorphologic characteristics in river network extraction. The multifractal method exhibits more accurate extracting results than the box-counting method at the regional scale.

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Bamberger, M., and R. E. Oswald. "Unconventional oil and gas extraction and animal health." Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 16, no. 8 (2014): 1860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4em00150h.

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Venanzi, Rachele, Francesco Latterini, Walter Stefanoni, Damiano Tocci, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Variations of Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Features after Logging Using Two Different Ground-Based Extraction Methods in a Beech High Forest—A Case Study." Land 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030388.

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Considering that forests are crucial in the ecosystem of our planet and that forests provide timber products as well as several ecosystem services, it is evident that the application of sustainable forest operations (SFOs) is of substantial importance to achieve sustainable forest management (SFM). One of the most important issues to be evaluated when dealing with SFOs is limiting the disturbance and impacts related to logging. Harvesting activities can indeed alter the conditions of soil through compaction and litter removal which can also lead to modifications from the biological point of view, for example, diminishing the presence of soil microarthropods. While keeping these objectives in focus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate physico-chemical and biological impacts on forest soil in Mediterranean beech forests after forest logging with two different extraction systems, which are forestry-fitted farm tractors equipped with winch and forwarder. Specifically, authors aimed to investigate: (i) soil disturbance levels of ground-based extraction methods; (ii) soil disturbance levels of the applied forestry intervention; (iii) soil disturbance levels between winching-skidding and forwarding. Findings showed that the physical, chemical, and biological soil features were slightly disturbed by the forestry itself. In addition, forest operations and machine traffic showed clear soil disturbance, resulting in a substantial alteration of the characteristics. Between the two extraction techniques tested, winching caused less disturbance while forwarding had stronger impacts. However, it should be noted that these impact levels are found only on approximately 28% of the surface where operations were carried out. From the evidence gathered in this study, winching seems a less impactful extraction method in the studied context. On the other hand, to decrease the impact of forwarding, some technical adjustments such as bogie-tracks, as well as improved operator training, should be applied.

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Skunca, Dubravka, Hedi Romdhana, and Rob Brouwers. "RUBISCO PROTEIN PRODUCTION – LCA APPROACH." MEST Journal 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12709/mest.09.09.01.20.

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The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the system of RuBisCo protein extraction and isolation from sugar beet leaves. Life cycle assessment (LCA) calculations have been completed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-cradle perspective covering seven subsystems: milling and extraction, heat treatment, centrifugation, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, chromatography and spray drying. In this paper, six environmental impact categories were analyzed: global warming potential, ozone layer depletion, energy demand, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, and land use. When RuBisCo protein extraction and isolation from different raw materials are compared, the only crop that has a lower environmental impact than sugar beet leaves is alfalfa, while the higher environmental impact has yellow mustard, ryegrass (mixture), Italian ryegrass, Brussels sprouts, English ryegrass, carrot leaves, leaf radish, and chicory. The comparison of environmental impact categories of different protein concentrates indicated that protein powder containing RuBisCo affected the environment less than egg protein concentrate. Direct comparison to other highly functional plant proteins was not possible as these are not in the market or have no LCA data available. RuBisCo was more environmentally impacting than regular soy protein. Our results for RuBisCo were in accordance with the low end of the range of results for microalgae, which is representing Chlorella HTF (heterotrophic fermenter), for most of the analyzed impact categories. This study found that the largest contributor to the environmental profile of the entire system of RuBisCo protein extraction and isolation from sugar beet leaves is the usage of electricity, while mitigation options for optimization of environmental impacts rely on the energy pinch approach for spray drying.

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Liao, Chuan Jun, Shuang Fu Suo, and Wei Feng Huang. "Research on Feature Extraction Method Based on Rub-Impact Acoustic Emission Signals of Mechanical Seal End Faces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 36 (October 2010): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.36.68.

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Acoustic emission (AE) techniques are put forward to monitor rub-impacts between rotating rings and stationary rings of mechanical seals by this paper. By analyzing feature extraction methods of the typical rub-impact AE signal, the method combining of wavelet scalogram and power spectrum is found useful, and can used to attribute the feature information implicated in rub-impact AE signals of mechanical seal end faces. Both simulations and experimental research prove that the method is effective, and are used successfully to identify the typical features of different types of rub-impacts of mechanical seal end faces.

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Otchere-Darko, William, and Austin Dziwornu Ablo. "Labour power, materiality and protests in Ghana’s petroleum and gold mines." International Development Planning Review ahead-of-print (October 1, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2021.24.

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We examine the role of resource materiality in extractive labour protests in Ghana. Focusing on petroleum and gold mining, we centre contestations as part of the resources’ socio-natural constituents. Research data was obtained from social conflict databases, newspapers and field interviews. The analysis focused on themes and discourses on protest emergence, mobilisation, negotiation and impacts. Findings show how petroleum labour protesters use passivity and chokepoints to impede gas supply to households. Ghana petroleum workers attempt to garner structural power through workplace power, albeit unsuccessfully. Conversely, gold mineworkers protest by actively reappropriating machinery and extraction spaces. They centre protests in mining towns to emphasise their work as lifeblood. The ‘landedness’ of gold and the introduction of surface mining reshaped such protest tactics. Thus, materiality can help excavate the relational and comparative logic, tactics and potentialities of labour power in resource extracting countries. We suggest extractive labour to forge stronger cross-class coalitions to align workplace exploitation with broader issues of accumulation by dispossession.

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Joseph, Laurent. "Impacts of Traditional Extraction of Building Materials on Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihoods of Residing Communities in Mwanza City- Tanzania." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-pbcatppy.

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Traditional extraction of building material is one of the economic activities in Mwanza City that supplies aggregates, sands, gravels, and stones. This study aimed at investigating the impacts of traditional extraction of building materials on biodiversity conservation and the livelihood of residing communities. Purposive sampling was used to obtain mining sites. Data were collected using households survey, focus group discussions, field visits, and the experiment. The sample size was 180 respondents. The sampling unit was people near mining sites, miners and ward leaders. The study revealed positive and negative impacts on biodiversity conservation and residing communities. The noted positive impacts included a source of income and a strategy for levelling building sites. On another hand, the perceived negative impacts were found to be land degradation, the disappearance of biodiversity, air pollution, uncovered areas/lands, effects on human health, and is the source of conflict. The study concluded that traditional extraction of building materials in residential has impacts on biodiversity and livelihoods of residing people. The study recommends that the government should develop an efficient and effective legal framework with strict laws. In addition, ward and wards leaders should be involved in the inspection and verification of genuine permits.

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Mein, Tatiana Farane, André Luiz Veiga Gimenes, Eduardo Mario Dias, Maria Lídia Rebello Pinho Dias Scoton, and Miguel Edgar Morales Udaeta. "Environmental Vulnerability in Pre-Salt Oil and Gas Operations." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030732.

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The objective of this work is to analyze disturbances in the environment caused by anthropic activities in the oil and gas extraction sector. Methodologically, focusing on environmental vulnerability (EV), hydrocarbons (oil and gas) are considered through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental impacts, including the research of Environmental Impact Studies and procedures like EIA/RIMA (institutional Environmental Impact Reports in Brazil). This study focuses on the operation and demobilization of the offshore drilling activity and the installation and operation of the Santos Basin pre-salt oil and gas production (Stages 1, 2, and 3). The criteria addressed in the EIA/RIMAs are used, focusing on those that correlate with EV and oil and gas extraction. Impacts for long-term, permanent, partially reversible, or irreversible disturbances are filtered, totaling 53 impacts (31 effective/21 potential). We concluded that the criteria and methodologies of EIAs vary between stages. At times, the variation is so drastic that the same impact can have a completely different rating from one stage to another, despite referring to the same area. This condition makes it impossible to define a single vulnerability index for the pre-salt venture. This work does not offer a concrete resolution, but exposes the EV issue and its inconsistencies.

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Na, Jin, Fu Gang Wang, Yan Shi, and Zhi Min Cai. "The Impacts of Different CO₂ Injection Temperature on Heat Extraction Rate in CO₂-EGS Based on CCS Demonstration Project." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.21.

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In this paper we use Majiagou geologic formation in Erdos Carbon Caputure and Storage(CCS) demonstration project aera as artificial geothermal reservoir, and create numerical models of Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS) using CO2 as a heat transfer carrier. In order to analyze the impacts of CO2 injection temperatures on heat extraction rate and the sustainability of CO2-EGS, five cases with different CO2 injection temperature are designed. Simulation results show that the range of the average heat extraction rate of case 1～5 is 6.56～8.47MW in the whole CO2-EGS operation period. The heat extraction rates vary over time, And it is 6.37～7.9MW in CO2 and water displacement stage and 6.64～8.68MW after aqueous phase dispear respectively. Injection temperature of CO2 significantly impacts the heat extraction rate of EGS .

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Kittipongvises, Suthirat. "Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Limestone Quarrying Operations in Thailand." Environmental and Climate Technologies 20, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2017-0011.

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Abstract Environmental impacts of the mineral extraction have been a public concern. Presently, there is widespread global interest in the area of mining and its sustainability that focused on the need to shift mining industry to a more sustainable framework. The aim of this study was to systematically assess all possible environmental and climate change related impacts of the limestone quarrying operation in Thailand. By considering the life cycle assessment method, the production processes were divided into three phases: raw material extraction, transportation, and comminution. Both IMPACT 2002+ and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol methods were used. Results of IMPACT 2002+ analysis showed that per 1 ton crushed limestone rock production, the total depletion of resource and GHGs emissions were 79.6 MJ and 2.76 kg CO2 eq., respectively. Regarding to the four damage categories, ‘resources’ and ‘climate change’ categories were the two greatest environmental impacts of the limestone rock production. Diesel fuel and electricity consumption in the mining processes were the main causes of those impacts. For climate change, the unit of CO2 eq. was expressed to quantify the total GHGs emissions. Estimated result was about 3.13 kg CO2 eq. per ton limestone rock product. The results obtained by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol were also similar to IMPACT 2002+ method. Electrical energy consumption was considered as the main driver of GHGs, accounting for approximately 46.8 % of total fossil fuel CO2 emissions. A final point should be noted that data uncertainties in environmental assessment over the complete life cycle of limestone quarrying operation have to be carefully considered.

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Zhou, Jinhao, Wu Zhou, Qiqi Zhou, Yuanhui Zhu, Fei Xie, Shen Liang, and Yueming Hu. "The Impact of Multiple Pond Conditions on the Performance of Dike-Pond Extraction." Fishes 7, no. 4 (June 22, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040144.

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Dike-ponds in fisheries often present multiple pond conditions such as pure, suspended sediment, water bloom, semidry conditions, etc. However, the impact of these conditions on the performance of extracting dike-pond from remote sensing images has not been studied. To solve this problem, we explore the existence of such impacts by comparing the performance of four rule-based methods in two groups of test regions. The first group has few multiple pond conditions, while the second has more. The results show that various measure values deteriorate as the proportion of multiple pond conditions in the regions increases. All four methods performed worse in the second group than the first, where the overall accuracy decreased by 8.80%, misclassification error increased by 3.69%, omission error raised by 10.53%, and correct quantity rate dropped by 8.23%, respectively. The extraction method that ingested multiple pond conditions performed indistinguishably from the other methods in the first group. However, it outperformed the other methods in the second group, with a 4.22% improvement in overall accuracy, a 10.25% decrease in misclassification error, and a 19.03% increase in the correct quantity rate. These findings suggest that multiple pond conditions can negatively impact the extraction performance and should be considered in dike-pond applications that require a precise pond size, number, and shape.

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Hommes, Saskia, Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher, and Ad Stolk. "Parallel Modeling Approach to Assess Morphological Impacts of Offshore Sand Extraction." Journal of Coastal Research 236 (November 2007): 1565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/06-0698.1.

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Chindo, Murtala Ibraheem. "Communities Perceived Socio-economic Impacts of Oil Sands Extraction in Nigeria." HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2011): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2011.52.69.

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Agusdinata, Datu Buyung, Wenjuan Liu, Hallie Eakin, and Hugo Romero. "Socio-environmental impacts of lithium mineral extraction: towards a research agenda." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 123001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae9b1.

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Reins, Leonie. "The Shale Gas Extraction Process and Its Impacts on Water Resources." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 20, no. 3 (November 2011): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2012.00733.x.

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Radulescu, Monica, and Grigore Buia. "Significant impacts and environmental risks generated by coal extraction in Romania." Environmental Management and Health 13, no. 3 (August 2002): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09566160210431033.

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Tran, Quang Anh, Rohan Stanger, Wei Xie, Nathan Smith, John Lucas, and Terry Wall. "Impacts of Mild Pyrolysis and Solvent Extraction on Coking Coal Thermoplasticity." Energy & Fuels 30, no. 11 (October 19, 2016): 9293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02018.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Extraction impacts'

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