Relevant bibliographies by topics / Extraction impacts

Academic literature on the topic 'Extraction impacts'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Extraction impacts"

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Chomsky, Aviva. "Social Impacts of Resource Extraction." Latin American Research Review 51, no. 1 (2016): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2016.0000.

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Lavenburg, Valerie M., Kurt A. Rosentrater, and Stephanie Jung. "Extraction Methods of Oils and Phytochemicals from Seeds and Their Environmental and Economic Impacts." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101839.

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Over recent years, the food industry has striven to reduce waste, mostly because of rising awareness of the detrimental environmental impacts of food waste. While the edible oils market (mostly represented by soybean oil) is forecasted to reach 632 million tons by 2022, there is increasing interest to produce non-soybean, plant-based oils including, but not limited to, coconut, flaxseed and hemp seed. Expeller pressing and organic solvent extractions are common methods for oil extraction in the food industry. However, these two methods come with some concerns, such as lower yields for expeller pressing and environmental concerns for organic solvents. Meanwhile, supercritical CO2 and enzyme-assisted extractions are recognized as green alternatives, but their practicality and economic feasibility are questioned. Finding the right balance between oil extraction and phytochemical yields and environmental and economic impacts is challenging. This review explores the advantages and disadvantages of various extraction methods from an economic, environmental and practical standpoint. The novelty of this work is how it emphasizes the valorization of seed by-products, as well as the discussion on life cycle, environmental and techno-economic analyses of oil extraction methods.
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Wang, Yu Lin, Hai Juan Hu, Sen Qi, and Guang Fu Liu. "Environmental Impacts Assessment of Liquid Crystal Extraction From Wasted LCD Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.55.

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In view of the extraction of liquid crystal from the wasted LCD panels, this paper aims to analyze the raw materials consumption, energy consumption and emissions to the environment in the extracting process based on the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The environmental impacts of the recycling procedure are assessed with the aid of LCIA（Life Cycle Inventory Assessment）method and CML2001 method provided by LCA analyzing software Gabi 4. Two ways of liquid crystal extraction mentioned in the paper are supercritical method and distilling method. The assessment results indicate: the supercritical method’s LCIA result is 3 times higher than the distilling method, but the liquid crystal extracting rate can reach 95% with a lower raw materials consumption; the environmental impacts of distilling method is lower than supercritical method, but its extracting rate of liquid crystal can only get to 50%. For industrial applications, supercritical method has greater advantages and there are more crafts to perfect for distilling method in improving the recovery rate of liquid crystal.
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Vieira, Letícia De Freitas, Antonio Jeovah De Andrade Meireles, and Henrique Sampaio De Castro. "IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS CAUSADOS POR ATIVIDADE DE MINERAÇÃO DE AREIA EM DUNAS FIXAS, CAUCAIA, CEARÁ." Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) 21, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 1060–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35701/rcgs.v21n2.503.

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Este trabalho propõe-se em trazer uma discussão acerca da mineração, enfocando nos impactos ambientais causados pela extração de agregados para a construção civil. A área de estudo é uma poligonal de 44,8 hectares, licenciada para extrair areia até 2018. Localizada em uma duna fixa, foi possível constatar os impactos relacionados com o desmatamento, retirada do solo e do minério, mudança topográfica e o afloramento do lençol freático. A metodologia consistiu em trabalho de campo, gabinete e aplicações de métodos da Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais que foram a Metodologia de listagem (Check-list) e Matrizes de interações. Através dessas metodologias, alguns dos resultados obtidos foram a descaracterização da paisagem, a determinação dos processos evolutivos do campo de dunas com a extração mineral e o afloramento do lençol freático. Por meio do check-list, foram elencados os impactos positivos e negativos, e a matriz de interações relacionou os impactos do empreendimento com o meio ambiente. Baseado nos resultados, concluiu-se que os impactos da mineração são 44% negativos e apenas 6% positivos e que, na maioria dos casos, o impacto ambiental foi de elevada magnitude, representando atividade nitidamente insustentável no âmbito social e ambiental.Palavras-chave: Mineração; Descaracterização da paisagem; Impacto ambiental. ABSTRACTThe present work proposes a discussion about mining, with emphasis on the environmental impacts caused by the extraction of aggregates for the construction industry. The study area is a 44.8 hectare polygon that was auctioned for sand extraction until 2018. Located on a fixed dune, Related to: deforestation, removal of vegetation, soil and ore, topographic change and outcropping of groundwater . The methodology consisted of fieldwork, office work and the applications Environmental Impact Assessment Methods that were the List Methodology (Checklist) and Interaction Matrices. Through these methodologies, some of the results obtained were the de-characterization of the landscape,The determination of the evolutionary processes of the dune field with the mineral extraction and the outcrop of the water table Positive and negative impacts were listed throughout the checklist and the interaction matrix related to development impacts within the environment. Based on the results, it was concluded that the impacts of mining are 44% negative and only 6% positive and that in most cases, the environmental impact was of high magnitude, representing a clearly unsustainable social and environmental activity.Keywords: Mining; Landscape characterization; Environmental impact.
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Graham, Felicia Christine. "Social Impacts of Resource Extraction: A Comparative Examination of Andean Latin America and Implications for Rising Colombia." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 1-2 (2014): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341297.

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AbstractResource extractive conflicts are typically attributed to environmental or economic concerns. In this article I argue, however, that conflicts in Andean Latin America are also shown to incorporate social concerns born from structural shifts inherent in resource extraction that alter land use, labor, and community relations. I also seek to bring to the fore the actual social impacts of resource extraction to argue that these factors play a larger role in shaping individual, community, and even political consciousness. An examination of this sort allows for a more comprehensive understanding of extractive conflicts and can further efforts to foster inclusive collaboration between governments, companies, and communities by exposing the linkages between resource extraction and the community.
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Zhang, Cheng Long, Jing Wei Wang, Jian Feng Bai, and Wen Jie Wu. "Life Cycle Assessment of the Bio-Hydrometallurgical Process of Recycling Copper from Printed Circuit Boards Scraps." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.929.

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Recently, a few studies have been undertaken for the extracting of metallic copper from electronic scrap/printed circuit boards by bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning. Results of the present investigation indicate that bioleaching-solvent extraction-electrowinning could be a new cleaner hydrometallurgy route for recovery copper from the PCBs.The life cycle assessment method was used to investigate the environmental impacts of the new biohydrometallurgical process of production of metallic copper. The energy consumption，greenhouse effect，acidification in the new processes is studied and compared. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning technology is less than the conventional mechanical-pyrometallurgical processes and pyrometallurgical processes.
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Henry, Matthew S. "Extractive Fictions and Postextraction Futurisms." Environmental Humanities 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 402–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-7754534.

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Abstract This essay operates at the intersection of the energy humanities and environmental justice studies to survey extractive fictions, a term I use to describe literature and other cultural forms that render visible the socioecological impacts of extractive capitalism and problematize extraction as a cultural practice. The essay first theorizes extraction and examines cultural representations of coal and gas fields in northern Appalachia, including Ann Pancake’s novel Strange as This Weather Has Been (2007) and Jennifer Haigh’s novel Heat and Light (2015). Each, by rendering visible instances of environmental degradation and economic decline associated with energy development, challenges the deep-seated role of extraction as a cornerstone of regional cultural identity and the mythos of fossil fuel development as a path to economic and social progress. In doing so, they lay bare the epistemological failures of extractive capitalism, a mode of accumulation based on the large-scale withdrawal and processing of natural resources. The final section of the essay turns to the AMD&ART Park in Vintondale, Pennsylvania, and artist-activist John Sabraw’s toxic-art initiative in southern Ohio, both of which address these failures through the articulation of postextraction futurism, a critical method that combines environmental science and historically situated aesthetics to remediate ecological and social injustices associated with extraction. Both projects emerge from collaborations among artists, academics, scientists, and local communities to reverse the impacts of extraction through innovative water reclamation techniques and art exhibits that memorialize the region’s coal heritage. These initiatives complement extractive fictions to envision an inclusive, livable Appalachia unencumbered by the dictates of extractive capitalism.
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Camargo, Diego Aparecido, Rafaele Almeida Munis, Ricardo Hideaki Miyajima, Roldão Carlos Andrade Lima, and Danilo Simões. "Mechanized Wood Extraction: Impacts on Operators’ Hearing Health." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101553.

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The activity of the mechanized extraction of wood, carried out by means of self-propelled forest machines, consists of moving the wood cut inside the forest stand from the planted forests to the roadside. During displacements, these machines normally travel over forest residues and stumps, which can demand greater motor power from the engine, in addition to the possible increase in occupational noise levels. In this context, we evaluated whether, when operating different self-propelled forest machines in the wood extraction of planted Eucalyptus forests, operators are exposed to different levels of occupational noise, especially to thresholds above those established for prevention purposes. Occupational noise data were collected during the workday, weighing six self-propelled forest machine operators who performed the wood-extraction operation, performed by two forwarders, two self-loading tractors, and two grapple skidders, in three areas with Eucalyptus plantations located in the southeastern region of Brazil. The sound-pressure level was collected using two integrative meters following the strategic measurement criterion recommendation for the whole day in the guidelines of the acoustic determination of occupational noise exposure and analyzed according to the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists. Operators of forest machines for the mechanized extraction of wood were exposed to occupational noise levels above the recommended level, which can affect health and well-being; this occupation also required above-average levels of attention during the execution of work activities.
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Cust, James, and Steven Poelhekke. "The Local Economic Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction." Annual Review of Resource Economics 7, no. 1 (October 2015): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100814-125106.

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Zhao, Shen, He-Ming Wang, Wei-Qiang Chen, Dong Yang, Jing-Ru Liu, and Feng Shi. "Environmental impacts of domestic resource extraction in China." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2019.1577703.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extraction impacts"

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Kartezhnikova, Maria. "Hydraulic impacts of hydrokinetic energy extraction in rivers." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1550170.

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A simple technique to estimate the hydraulic impacts associated with the deployment of hydrokinetic (HK) devices is introduced. This technique involves representing HK devices with an enhanced bottom roughness. The enhanced bottom roughness is found to be a function of Manning roughness, slope, and water depth of the natural channel as well as device efficiency, blockage ratio, and density of device deployment. This approach was developed using a theoretical relationship between power extracted to power dissipated, and assuming a simple rectangular channel cross-section and uniform distribution of devices. Once the effective bottom roughness is determined, it can be used to determine the hydraulic impact of arbitrary device configurations and flow situations. The enhanced bottom roughness approach was compared to an alternative method of determining the affects of hydrokinetic energy extraction (SNL-EFDC). Both methods were in good agreement. Capabilities and limitations of determining hydraulic impacts by enhanced bottom roughness approach are demonstrated by site-specific simulation for the Tanana site.

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Muñoa, Capron-Manieux Gorka. "The impact of oil extraction on tropical rainforests: A view from space." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671734.

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L’augment de la demanda i consum mundial de petroli està estimulant la necessitat d’accedir a noves i cada vegada més remotes reserves d’hidrocarburs situades als boscos tropicals (Butt et al., 2013), atès que les reserves mundials de gas i petroli es superposen amb el 30% dels boscos tropicals, sent l’Amazònia la selva tropical amb major percentatge (39,4%) d’aquesta superposició (Orta-Martínez et al., 2018). Els impactes provocats per 50 anys d’activitat petroliera a l’Amazònia norperuana han causat greus danys en els ecosistemes i la salut de les persones. En aquest sentit, urgeix trobar nous mecanismes de monitorització a gran escala capaços de detectar i quantificar els impactes generats per aquesta indústria en àrees aïllades de difícil accés. La teledetecció, capaç de realitzar seguiments a escala regional, estatal i fins i tot global, pot suposar una alternativa eficaç i econòmicament viable. En aquest context, l’objectiu general de la tesi és identificar i quantificar els impactes produïts per l’activitat petroliera sobre els boscos tropicals humits mitjançant tècniques de teledetecció, dividits en: 1) identificar i quantificar la desforestació i la pertorbació provocats per l’activitat petroliera; 2) identificar els vessaments de cru; 3) desenvolupar un mètode per a la detecció d’àrees que històricament han estat contaminades a causa de la descàrrega directa d’hidrocarburs i aigües de producció. Amb aquest objectiu, s’han dut a terme tres estudis en els boscos tropicals humits de l’Amazònia norperuana. Aquests estudis s’han basat en l’anàlisi de sèries temporals d’imatges de satèl·lit, per tal d’observar els canvis en les respostes espectrals provocats per aquests impactes. Així, s’ha utilitzat una sèrie temporal d’11 imatges Landsat dels anys 1986-2005 per fer el seguiment de la desforestació a través de l’evolució de l’NDVI, i de la pertorbació de bosc, a través del mètode Carnegie Landsat Analysis System lite (Asner et al., 2009), en el lot petrolier 1AB/192. A través de 172 imatges de SAR del Sentinel 1, s’ha dut a terme una anàlisi de tres vessaments de cru i s’han desenvolupat 4 índexs de detecció de vessaments i un mètode basat en classificacions ISODATA. Finalment, s’han desenvolupat tres índexs per a la detecció de les àrees contaminades per hidrocarburs, basats en l’especificitat de la resposta espectral del petroli en certes zones de l’infraroig, i estudiar així, la seva evolució durant els anys 1985 i 2007. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que 1) pràcticament la meitat de la desforestació i pertorbació provocada per l’activitat extractiva de petroli en els boscos tropicals es deu a la construcció i manteniment de les carreteres; 2) Els índexs proposats per a la detecció d’àrees contaminades per hidrocarburs en boscos tropicals humits resulten efectius, sobretot si es disposa d’ informació georeferenciada de la infraestructura petroliera existent, per limitar l’anàlisi a determinades zones. En aquests casos, l’índex menys restrictiu dels tres presentats, és capaç de detectar al voltant del 20-40% dels píxels contaminats, amb un percentatge d’encert superior al 90%. Com a conseqüència, es recomana: - La no explotació dels jaciments petroliers situats en els boscos tropicals humits per tractar-se de centres d’alta biodiversitat i albergar un gran nombre de comunitats indígenes, algunes d’elles vivint en aïllament voluntari. - Si no, la implementació de mètodes offshore-inland, és a dir, l’ús d’operacions que no requereixin la construcció de carreteres. - El desenvolupament d’una metodologia eficaç per a la detecció dels abocaments de petroli en boscos tropicals humits, que permeti la creació d’un sistema de monitorització en temps gairebé real (NRTM) per detectar-los.
El aumento de la demanda y consumo mundial de petróleo está estimulando la necesidad de acceder a nuevas y cada vez más remotas reservas de hidrocarburos situadas en los bosques tropicales (Butt et al., 2013), ya que las reservas mundiales de gas y petróleo se superponen con el 30% de los bosques tropicales, siendo la Amazonía la selva tropical con mayor porcentaje (39,4%) de dicha superposición (Orta-Martínez et al., 2018). Los impactos provocados por 50 años de actividad petrolera en la Amazonía norperuana han causado graves daños en los ecosistemas y la salud de las personas. En este sentido, urge encontrar nuevos mecanismos de monitoreo a gran escala capaces de detectar y cuantificar los impactos generados por esta industria en áreas aisladas de difícil acceso. La teledetección, capaz de realizar seguimientos a nivel regional, estatal e incluso global, puede suponer una alternativa eficaz y económicamente viable. En este contexto, el objetivo general de la tesis es identificar y cuantificar los impactos producidos por la actividad petrolera sobre los bosques tropicales húmedos mediante técnicas de teledetección, divididos en: 1) identificar y cuantificar la deforestación y la perturbación provocados por la actividad petrolera; 2) identificar los vertidos de crudo; 3) desarrollar un método para detección de áreas que históricamente han sido contaminadas a causa de la descarga directa de hidrocarburos y aguas de producción. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo tres estudios en los bosques tropicales húmedos de la Amazonía norperuana. Estos estudios se han basado en el análisis de series temporales de imágenes de satélite, a fin de observar los cambios en las respuestas espectrales provocados por dichos impactos. Así, se ha utilizado una serie temporal de 11 imágenes Landsat de los años 1986-2005 para realizar el seguimiento de la deforestación a través de la evolución del NDVI, y de la perturbación del bosque, a través del método Carnegie Landsat Analysis System-lite (Asner et al., 2009), en lote petrolero 1AB/192. A través de 172 imágenes de SAR del Sentinel 1, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de tres vertidos de crudo y se han desarrollado 4 índices de detección de vertidos y un método basado en clasificaciones ISODATA. Finalmente, se han desarrollado tres índices para la detección de las áreas contaminadas por hidrocarburos, basados en la especificidad de la respuesta espectral del petróleo en ciertas zonas del infrarrojo, y estudiar así, su evolución durante los años 1985 y 2007. Los resultados obtenidos indican que 1) prácticamente la mitad de la deforestación y perturbación provocada por la actividad extractiva de petróleo en los bosques tropicales se debe a la construcción y mantenimiento de las carreteras; 2) Los índices propuestos para la detección de áreas contaminadas por hidrocarburos en bosques tropicales húmedos resultan efectivos, sobre todo si se dispone información georeferenciada de la infraestructura petrolera existente para limitar el análisis a determinadas zonas. En estos casos, el índice menos restrictivo de los tres presentados, es capaz de detectar entorno al 20-40% de los píxeles contaminados, con un porcentaje de acierto superior al 90%. Como consecuencia, se recomienda: - la no explotación de los yacimientos petroleros situados en los bosques tropicales húmedos por tratarse de centros de alta biodiversidad y albergar un gran número de comunidades indígenas, algunas de ellas viviendo en aislamiento voluntario. - En su defecto, la implementación de métodos offshore-inland, es decir, el uso de operaciones que no requieran la construcción de carreteras. - El desarrollo de una metodología eficaz para la detección de los vertidos de petróleo en bosques tropicales húmedos, que permita la creación de un sistema de monitoreo en tiempo casi real (NRTM) para detectarlos.
ncreasing global oil demand and consumption is stimulating the need to access to new and more and more remote hydrocarbon reserves located in tropical rainforests (Butt et al., 2013), for the reason that world oil and gas reserves overlap with 30% of them, with the Amazon being the one with the highest percentage (39.4%) of this overlap (Orta-Martínez et al., 2018). As a result of 50 years of oil activity in the remote North Peruvian Amazon, the impacts produced by the oil companies have caused serious damages to ecosystems and people’s health. In this sense, there is an urgent need to develop new large-scale monitoring mechanisms able to detecting and quantifying the impacts generated by the extractive oil industry in isolated areas that are difficult to access. Remote sensing, capable of monitoring at the regional, state and even global scale, can be an efficient and economically viable alternative. In this context, the central aim of this thesis was to identify and quantify the impacts produced by oil activity on tropical rainforests through remote sensing techniques, distinguishing between: 1) identify and quantify deforestation and forest disturbance caused by oil activity; 2) identify oil spills caused by oil extraction industry; 3) develop a method for detecting areas that have historically been contaminated due to the direct discharge of hydrocarbons and production waters. For this purpose, three researches were carried out in tropical rainforests of the region of Loreto, in Northern Peruvian Amazon. These studies were based on the analysis of long time series of images from different satellites, in order to observe changes in spectral responses caused by oil impacts. Thus, a time series of 11 Landsat images between 1986 and 2005 were used to monitor deforestation through the evolution of the NDVI, and forest disturbance, using the Carnegie Landsat Analysis System - Lite (CLASlite) approach (Asner et al. 2009), in the oil block 192 (previously 1AB). Further, 172 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from Sentinel 1 were used to analyse three oil spills caused by leaks in pipelines, and develop 4 oil spill detection indices and an additional methodology based on unsupervised ISODATA clustering classification. Finally, 18 multispectral Landsat 5TM images were used to develop three indices to detect oil-polluted areas, based on the specificity of the spectral response of oil in certain infrared areas. Results were used to study the evolution of these oil-covered areas between 1985-2007. The results indicate that 1) almost half of the deforestation caused by oil extraction in tropical rainforests is due to construction and maintenance of oil roads, which are also the infrastructures that cause a greater forest disturbance, edge effect and habitat fragmentation. 2) Proposed indices for the detection of oil-polluted areas on tropical rainforests are effective, especially if georeferenced information on the existing oil infrastructure is available to limit the analysis to a buffer from these infrastructures. In these cases, the least restrictive index can detect around 20-40% of the pixels covered by oil, with a success rate higher than 90%. As a consequence of these findings, it is recommended: - The non-exploitation of oil fields located in the tropical rainforests due to high impacts caused by oil extraction activity in centers of high biodiversity and cultural richness, with a large number of indigenous communities, some of them living in voluntary isolation. - Failing that, the implementation of offshore-inland methods, that is, the use of operations that do not require any road construction. The development of an effective methodology for the detection of oil spills in tropical rainforests, which allows creating a near-real-time monitoring system (NRTM) to detect them.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals
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Hall, Adelyn N. "Socioeconomic Impacts of Natural Gas Extraction in Bradford County, PA." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427979892.

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Walker, Clare. "Modelling the hydrological impacts of mechanised peat extraction on an upland blanket bog." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327184.

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Pitkin, Julia. "Oil, Oil, Everywhere: Environmental and Human Impacts of Oil Extraction in the Niger Delta." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/88.

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Oil extraction in Nigeria has caused extensive environmental degradation and health problems in many Nigerian communities, particularly in the ecologically sensitive Niger Delta where nearly all of the oil extraction takes place. The reasons for this are complex and have roots in Nigeria’s colonial past. The Nigerian economy is largely reliant on its petroleum resources which, in conjunction with governmental corruption and high international demand for Nigerian oil, has created a system where environmental externalities are largely ignored. Multinational oil companies with little stake in the development and environment of Nigeria are responsible for most of the extraction projects and subsequent environmental damage. However, the Nigerian federal government has failed to effectively regulate these projects. Communities in the Niger Delta bear nearly all of the environmental burden of oil extraction, but see very little of the economic benefits. The main environmental impacts of oil extraction are oil spills, land use change, and gas flaring. Oil spills are very common in the Niger Delta. Cleanup efforts are often inadequate, resulting in loss of delicate ecosystems as well as fisheries and farmland. Large tracts of rainforest and mangrove ecosystems have been cleared or degraded by the oil extraction process. Nigeria flares more gas per barrel of oil extracted than any other country in the world, contributing to global warming and creating serious health hazards for communities located near gas flares. Diversification of the Nigerian economy would help to alleviate many of the factors that lead to environmental degradation, including the dependence of the government on oil revenues, high unemployment, and rampant oil theft. Curbing government corruption is also vital to effective regulation of oil extraction. International consumers can help Nigeria head towards a less petroleum-driven future through an increased awareness of the origins of their oil and pressure on the Nigerian federal government and the multinational oil companies to extract oil more conscientiously or even to discontinue oil extraction. But most importantly, the solution to Nigeria’s economic concerns must ultimately come from Nigerians as international influence has been a major contributor to the environmental degradation in the first place.
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Anderson, Emily. "States of extraction : impacts of taxation on statebuilding in Angola and Mozambique, 1975-2013." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3071/.

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This PhD investigates the impacts of taxation on state capacity and accountability through comparative case studies of Angola and Mozambique between 1975 and 2013. Extremes of violence and economic dependency dominate the postcolonial histories of Angola and Mozambique. These cases provide an ideal setting for comparative analysis of how civil war and single resource dependence influence the links between taxation and statebuilding. The thesis demonstrates, in contrast to bellicist notions, that civil war did not strengthen the tax systems or create stronger states. Rather, transitions from the colonial capitalist regimes to socialism and then towards market capitalism, as well as the availability of autonomous income sources, were the central drivers of change in extractive processes. The research establishes taxation as both a critical explanation for development trajectories and a reflection of state capacity and accountability. Existing research on taxation and statebuilding in contemporary developing countries tends to treat tax as a catalyst for democracy, but I find that it provides political regimes with an equally powerful tool to expand power through neopatrimonial networks and consolidate control over the state. Analysis of the case studies concludes that, driven by extraverted elite accumulation strategies, vast oil resources in Angola and large-scale foreign aid in Mozambique worked similarly to disconnect state finances from society and undermine the potential links between revenue collection and redistribution, thereby reducing the possibility of enhanced state capacity or accountability.
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Cochrane, Nicholas J. K. "Programmatic extraction of information from unstructured clinical data and the assessment of potential impacts on epidemiological research." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30582/.

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Background For epidemiological research purposes structured data provide identifiable and immediate access to the information that has been recorded, however, many quantitative recordings in electronic medical records are unstructured. This means researchers have to manually identify and extract information of interest. This is costly in terms of time and money and with access to larger amounts of electronically stored data this approach is becoming increasingly impractical. Method Two programmatic methods were developed to extract and classify numeric quantities and identify attributes from unstructured dosage instructions and clinical comments from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. Both methods are based on frequently occurring patterns of recording from which models were formed. Dosage instructions: Automated coding was achieved through the interpretation of a representative set of language phrases with identifiable traits. The dosage data table was automatically recoded and assessed for accuracy and coverage of a daily dosage value, then assessed in the context of 146 commonly prescribed medications. Clinical comments: Automated coding was achieved through the identification of a representative set of text and/or Read code qualifications. The model was initially trained on THIN data for a wide range of numeric health indicators, then tested for generalizability using comments from an alternative source and assessed for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity using a subset of 12 commonly recorded health indicators. Results Dosage instructions: The coverage of a daily dosage value within the dosage data table was increased from 42.1% to 84.8% coverage with an accuracy of 84.6%. For the 146 medications assessed, on a per-unique-instruction basis, the coverage was 79.7% on average with an accuracy of 95.4%. On an all-recorded-instructions basis the weighted coverage was 65.9% on average with an accuracy of 99.3%. Clinical comments: For all 12 of the health indicators assessed the automated extraction achieved a specificity of >98% and an accuracy of >99%. The sensitivity was >96% for 8 of the indicators and between 52-88% for the other indicators. Conclusion Dosage instructions: The automated coding has improved the quantitative and qualitative summary for dosage instructions within THIN resulting in a substantial increase in the quantity of data available for pharmaco-epidemiological research. Clinical comments: The sensitivity of the extraction method is dependent on the consistency of recording patterns, which in turn was dependent on the ability to identify the differing patterns of qualification during training.
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Jeannes, Deon Bruce. "A survey of the legal framework governing the water impacts of proposed shale gas extraction in the Karoo." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15164.

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It is estimated that South Africa has the eighth largest resources of shale gas reserves in the world. It is reported that shale gas extraction can have important benefits which include economic growth, poverty alleviation, carbon emission reduction and most significantly alleviate the current energy shortage. However the proposed extraction of shale gas using hydraulic fracturing requires large amounts of water and many hazardous chemicals which also risks water resource pollution. This can add to water stress and conflict because the Karoo is a semi-arid, water-deficient and drought prone region. Since the extraction thereof is a relatively new technology in South Africa there is a need to determine if the current regulatory and institutional framework in South Africa will be adequate to meet the demands posed by this potentially game-changing enterprise. This minor dissertation outlines the regulatory framework regarding both the water quality and quantity in the shale gas extraction process. It recommends that while there are some regulatory building blocks in place, many gaps exist. It will recommend that an inter-departmental co-operative steering committee is established to address the many overlapping responsibilities and at times contradicting requirements.
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Kefa, Christopher Amutabi. "Assessing the Impacts of Bioenergy Extraction and Human Land Use of the Biodiversity of Kakamega Tropical Rainforest, Kenya." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1465254368.

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Fleming, Ruven C. "Shale gas extraction in Europe and Germany : the impacts of environmental protection and energy security on emerging regulations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228565.

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Shale gas extraction is a technology that is recently arriving in Europe and Germany. The technology brings about a considerable amount of potential environmental threats, but the extraction of shale gas also promises energy security rewards. When the European and German systems for energy and environmental regulation were developed, shale gas extraction did not exist as a technical possibility. Both systems are, hence, not entirely adapted to this technology. This work highlights different ways in which the European and German legislator could act to close existing gaps in their regulatory systems. This could mainly be done by supplementing the existing system with new, shale gas specific regulations. These regulations should be summarized in a new-build shale gas law. The current work tracks the different stages of development of such a new shale gas law, starting from the level of rather abstract constitutional objectives, which translate into clearer defined environmental principles, which in turn translate into a concrete law. Experience from other European states with the legal handling of shale gas extraction teaches that there are essentially two different orientations for such a new-build shale gas law. One is the adoption of a prohibitive moratorium and the other is the implementation of a cautious, but permissive shale gas law. This work`s original contribution to knowledge is the insight that constitutional pre-settings on the interplay of environmental protection with energy security make a cautious, but permissive shale gas law a measure that is legally sounder than a shale gas moratorium. Legally sound, in this context, means complying, to the greatest extent possible, with the applicable constitutional and quasi-constitutional objectives. A shale gas moratorium only serves one purpose, environmental protection, and does not take sufficient account of the energy security objective. A shale gas moratorium only serves one purpose, environmental protection, and does not take sufficient account of the energy security objective. A cautious, but permissive shale gas law, by contrast, possesses the ability to reconcile the competing interests of environmental protection and energy security, which makes it more resilient to judicial review than a moratorium. Having said that, it must be emphasised that shale gas regulation is ultimately a political decision and the legislator is allowed to pick either of the described solutions. This work merely describes which solution is the legally soundest in the sense defined above. To sum up, results from this study will extent what is currently known about the constitutional pre-conditions for the development of shale gas regulation. It highlight that constitutional objectives have a significant impact on the shape of energy regulation.
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Books on the topic "Extraction impacts"

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Carstea, D. Sand and gravel resources in Prince George's County, M.D.: Planning, protection, extraction and regulatory impacts. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, 1991.

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Bauer, Robert A. Characterization of coal mine subsidence and impacts on bedrock and near surface hydrology over a shallow high-extraction retreat mining operation in Illinois. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Korbendau, Jean Marie. Clinical success in impacted third molar extraction. Paris: Quintessence Books, 2004.

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Bagirov, E., and I. Lerche. Impact of Natural Hazards on Oil and Gas Extraction. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3019-7.

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Understanding impacted wisdom teeth. Chicago, Ill: Quintessence Publishing, 1998.

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Bagirov, E. Impact of natural hazards on oil and gas extraction: The South Caspian Basin. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999.

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Inorganic chemistry and the earth: Chemical resources, their extraction, use, and environmental impact. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Umarji, Mariam Bibi. Impacto da Iniciativa de Transparência da Indústrias Extractivas (ITIE) na receita do estado em Moçambique. Maputo: Centro de Integridade Pública Moçambique, 2010.

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1947-, Strongman John, and World Bank, eds. Gender-sensitive approaches for the extractive industry in Peru: Improving the impact on women in poverty and their families. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2011.

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environnementale, Agence canadienne d'évaluation. Rapport de la Commission d'examen conjoint EUB-ACÉE: Projet de la mine de charbon Cheviot, Secteur Mountain Park, Alberta. Hull, Qué: Agence canadienne d'évaluation environnementale, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Extraction impacts"

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Barthel, Roland, Alejandro Meleg, Darla Nickel, and Alexandar Trifkovic. "Extraction of Water for Public Drinking Water Supply." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 165–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_20.

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Barthel, Roland, and Darla Nickel. "Total Extraction and Total Water Supply per Community." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 215–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_27.

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Attia, Nour, Kareem M. Hassan, and Mohamed I. Hassan. "Environmental Impacts of Aluminum Dross After Metal Extraction." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1155–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72284-9_151.

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Ndlovu, Sehliselo, Geoffrey S. Simate, and Elias Matinde. "Legislation and Policies Governing the Environmental and Health Impacts of Metallic Waste." In Waste Production and Utilization in the Metal Extraction Industry, 19–64. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153896-2.

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Gislason, Maya K., Chris Buse, Shayna Dolan, Margot W. Parkes, Jemma Tosh, and B. o. b. Woollard. "The Complex Impacts of Intensive Resource Extraction on Women, Children and Aboriginal Peoples." In Climate Change and Gender in Rich Countries, 215–30. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315407906-14.

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Matthews, Brian, and Felipe Dall’Orsoletta. "Extraction Rates and the Environmental Impacts of Economic Growth in the Twenty-First Century." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 414–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95867-5_74.

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Matthews, Brian, and Felipe Dall’Orsoletta. "Extraction Rates and the Environmental Impacts of Economic Growth in the Twenty-First Century." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_74-1.

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Palumbo, Elisabetta, and Marzia Traverso. "Social Life Cycle Indicators Towards a Sustainability Label of a Natural Stone for Coverings." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 207–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_19.

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AbstractThe stone industry plays an important economic role in Italy as well as worldwide, and its products are part of the construction sector for hard coverings. The relevance of these products led the European Commission to develop specific criteria for natural stone within the Ecolabel scheme for hard coverings. In order to provide environmental information and to establish and maintain their comparability, the eco-labelling schemes recognized the life cycle assessment (LCA) as a scientific method to be employed when describing the environmental performance of the products. In its current form, the European Ecolabel scheme only considers environmental impacts and overlooks significant social impacts, especially for the category of stakeholders most affected during the extraction and manufacturing phases: workers. The main purpose of this study is to define a set of social criteria to be added to the revised version of the European Ecolabel with reference to issues concerning natural stone covering products. In particular, according to the updated guidelines for the social life cycle assessment by UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative (2019), we have identified that the “health and safety” impact category as it relates to workers during the extraction and manufacturing phases of the products must be considered a priority. The results provide a set of criteria for the S-LCA inventory which should be added to the Ecolabel guidelines when assessing the natural stone covering sector. Integration of the social sphere with the results obtained from the LCA study would provide reliable and more complete information on the sustainability of the natural stone product.This represents a first step towards the inclusion of similar criteria for other covering products.
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Want, Andrew, Robert A. Beharie, Michael C. Bell, and Jon C. Side. "Baselines and Monitoring Methods for Detecting Impacts of Hydrodynamic Energy Extraction on Intertidal Communities of Rocky Shores." In Marine Renewable Energy Technology and Environmental Interactions, 21–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8002-5_3.

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Lavrinenko, O. V., I. A. Lavrinenko, and B. I. Gruzdev. "Response of Plant Cover of Tundra Ecosystems to Oil-and-Gas Extraction Development." In Social and Environmental Impacts in the North: Methods in Evaluation of Socio-Economic and Environmental Consequences of Mining and Energy Production in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic, 257–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1054-2_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Extraction impacts"

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Satyendra K, Singh, H. Agrawal, and A. P. Singh. "Rib geomechanics: Its impacts in coal pillar extraction." In Recent Advances in Rock Engineering (RARE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rare-16.2016.8.

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Kin, Siow Wei. "Petroleum Extraction And Its Impacts On Climate Change." In ICLES 2018 - International Conference on Law, Environment and Society. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.10.19.

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Skulkittiyut, Weerachai, Haeyeon Lee, Trung Ngo Lam, Quang Tran Minh, Muhammad Ariff Baharudin, Takashi Fujioka, Eiji Kamioka, and Makoto Mizukawa. "Commonsense knowledge extraction for Tidy-up robotic service in domestic environments." In 2013 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2013.6705507.

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Shenqiang, Yuan, Mei Xue, He Yi, and Zhang Jin. "Attention alignment by linear space projection for video features extraction." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso46408.2019.8948745.

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Claux, Ombeline. "Oilseeds extraction using 2-methyloxolane as an alternative bio-based solvent to hexane." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/wcft2577.

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Despite its known toxicity, hexane remains the state-of-the-art reference for solvent extraction of oilseeds. Alternatives have been studied and developed in the past decades, but none was competitive enough so far. Since 2012, a new bio-based solvent - 2-methyoxolane (2-MeOx) - appeared in the industry with several scientific publications showing its potential for the extraction of various oilseeds. However, only few research was published on major oilseeds such as soy, sunflower, or rapeseed. Following an exhaustive work already shared on soybean, we are now presenting our latest scientific research on rapeseed.First, the extraction products from rapeseed were analyzed and compared to those obtained with hexane using identical protocols. Then, several process parameters and conditions (yields, kinetic study, multi-stage extractions, etc.) were evaluated to better understand the impacts of the solvent switch.Experimentally, 2-MeOx gave higher crude extraction yields compared to hexane, with 28.3% vs 22.6%. As the crude oils main composition were similar, yield differences were attributed to the co-extraction of more polar additional compounds such as phospholipids and phenolic compounds. Interestingly, such phenolic antioxidants (mostly sinapic acid derivatives), which are usually not extracted using hexane, were found at 1-2% levels in the crude oils extracted using 2-MeOx. Regarding the defatted meals, no significant difference was observed in terms of crude protein and amino-acid contents. Advantageously, some of the antinutritional factors were significantly reduced when using 2-MeOx as lipophilic solvent. Up to now, the kinetic study and multi-stage cross-current extractions have shown that hexane and 2-MeOx have similar behavior. Overall, the results of this study reveal that 2-MeOx has a good potential to replace the standard solvent used in the oilseeds industry, as this alternative bio-based solvent provides oils and meals with similar quality when compared to hexane while exhibiting a similar behavior during extraction.
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He, Yinshui, Hao Zhou, Junwei Wang, Di Wu, and Shanben Chen. "Weld seam profile extraction of T-joints based on orientation saliency for path planning and seam tracking." In 2016 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2016.7736266.

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Scharping, Robert J., and James R. Garey. "IMPACTS OF GROUNDWATER EXTRACTION AND SEAWATER INFILTRATION ON A SUBMERGED CAVE ECOSYSTEM." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307501.

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Wessels, K. J., B. F. N. Erasmus, M. Colgan, G. P. Asner, R. Mathieu, W. Twine, J. A. N. Van Aardt, and I. Smit. "Impacts of communal fuelwood extraction on LiDAR-estimated biomass patterns of savanna woodlands." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351204.

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Lin, Huibin, Jianmeng Tang, and Chris Mechefske. "Roller Bearing Fault Feature Extraction Based on Compressive Sensing." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85196.

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Compressive sensing (CS) theory allows measurement of sparse signals with a sampling rate far lower than the Nyquist sampling frequency. This could reduce the burden of local storage and remote transmitting. The periodic impacts generated in rolling element bearing local faults are obviously sparse in the time domain. According to this sparse feature, a rolling element bearing fault feature extraction method based on CS theory is proposed in the paper. Utilizing the shift invariant dictionary learning algorithm and the periodic presentation characteristic of local faults of roller bearings, a shift-invariant dictionary of which each atom contains only one impact pattern is constructed to represent the fault impact as sparsely as possible. The limited degree of sparsity is utilized to reconstruct the feature components based on compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) method, realizing the diagnosis of the roller bearing impact fault. A simulation was used to analyze the effects of parameters such as sparsity, SNR and compressive rate on the proposed method and prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Hossan, Md Shakawat, and Badrul H. Chowdhury. "Exponential factor dependent ZIP coefficients extraction and impacts of CVR in a utility feeder." In 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2015.7335165.

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Reports on the topic "Extraction impacts"

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Wilmarth, W. R. Solvent Composition Impacts on the Extraction of Uranium and Plutonium in the Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799679.

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Skone, Timothy J., Joe Marriott, James Littlefield, and Greg Cooney. Improved Natural Gas Extraction as a Strategy for Reducing Climate Impacts of Transportation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1515262.

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WOODHAM, WESLEY. IMPACTS OF GUANIDINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ON NEXT GENERATION SOLVENT (NGS) CAUSTIC SIDE SOLVENT EXTRACTION (CSSX) PROCESSING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1869402.

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Van Hemelrijck, Adinda. Resilience in Bangladesh: Impact Evaluation of the Promoting Sustainable Building in Bangladesh (PSBiB) Project. Oxfam GB, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.5617.

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The ‘Promoting Sustainable Building in Bangladesh’ (PSBiB) project was implemented together with 3 partner organizations between 2016 and 2019. It aimed to reduce the negative impacts of the construction and house building industry in Bangladesh on the environment, livelihoods and communities, by enabling a transition from unsustainable Traditional Bricks (TB) to sustainable Alternative Building Blocks (AB). This Effectiveness Review examines the effectiveness and relevance of the PSBiB project, with a focus on policy changes and contributions to strengthening the country’s resilience. It adopted the Participatory Impact Assessment and Learning Approach (PIALA) as well as Contribution Tracing. The results provide evidence that the project’s strategies and interventions were significant and relevant in achieving the necessary changes in policies and legislation for promoting sustainable building materials and halting the extraction of topsoil from fertile land and protected areas. The evaluation also investigates the project’s contributions to triggering the market and to the capacities of resilience. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Eberle, Caitlyn. Technical Report: Haiti earthquake. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/czxc9603.

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On 14 August 2021, Haiti was hit by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake with an epicentre in the Canal du Sud (120 km west of the capital, Port-au-Prince). The earthquake killed over 2,200 people and injured more than 12,000. The vulnerability of the Haitian people to such a disaster can be traced back through centuries of colonial exploitation, resource extraction and political instability; displaying very clearly that disasters are byproducts of the societal construction of risk. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Haiti earthquake through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Hasan Ozer, Mouna Krami Senhaji, Qingwen Zhou, Rebekah Yang, Seunggu Kang, Marshall Thompson, et al. A Life-Cycle Methodology for Energy Use by In-Place Pavement Recycling Techniques. Illinois Center for Transportation, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-018.

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Worldwide interest in using recycled materials in flexible pavements as an alternative to virgin materials has increased significantly over the past few decades. Therefore, recycling has been utilized in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation activities. Three types of in-place recycling technologies have been introduced since the late 70s: hot in-place recycling, cold in-place recycling, and full-depth reclamation. The main objectives of this project are to develop a framework and a life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate maintenance and rehabilitation treatments, specifically in-place recycling and conventional paving methods, and develop a LCA tool utilizing Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to help local and state highway agencies evaluate environmental benefits and tradeoffs of in-place recycling techniques as compared to conventional rehabilitation methods at each life-cycle stage from the material extraction to the end of life. The ultimate outcome of this study is the development of a framework and a user-friendly LCA tool that assesses the environmental impact of a wide range of pavement treatments, including in-place recycling, conventional methods, and surface treatments. The developed tool provides pavement industry practitioners, consultants, and agencies the opportunity to complement their projects’ economic and social assessment with the environmental impacts quantification. In addition, the tool presents the main factors that impact produced emissions and energy consumed at every stage of the pavement life cycle due to treatments. The tool provides detailed information such as fuel usage analysis of in-place recycling based on field data.
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Hill, Elaine. The Impact of Oil and Gas Extraction on Infant Health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30684.

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Schmidt, Mark. Dynamics and variability of POC burial in depocenters of the North Sea (Skagerrak), Cruise No. AL561, 2.08.2021 – 13.08.2021, Kiel – Kiel, APOC. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al561.

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The AL561 cruise was conducted in the framework of the project APOC (“Anthropogenic impacts on Particulate Organic Carbon cycling in the North Sea”). This collaborative project between GEOMAR, AWI, HEREON, UHH, and BUND is to understand how particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling contributes to carbon sequestration in the North Sea and how this ecosystem service is compromised and interlinked with global change and a range of human pressures include fisheries (pelagic fisheries, bottom trawling), resource extraction (sand mining), sediment management (dredging and disposal of dredged sediments) and eutrophication. The main aim of the sampling activity during AL561 cruise was to recover undisturbed sediment from high accumulation sites in the Skagerrak/Kattegat and to subsample sediment/porewater at high resolution in order to investigate sedimentation transport processes, origin of sediment/POC and mineralization processes over the last 100- 200 years. Moreover, the actual processes of sedimentation and POC degradation in the water column and benthic layer will be addressed by sampling with CTD and Lander devices. In total 9 hydroacoustic surveys (59 profiles), 4 Gravity Corer, 7 Multicorer, 3 Lander and 4 CTD stations were successfully conducted during the AL561 cruise. - (Alkor-Berichte ; AL561)
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Balza, Lenin, Camilo De Los Rios, and Nathaly M. Rivera. Digging Deep: Resource Exploitation and Higher Education. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004495.

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Do resource-extraction booms crowd out postsecondary education? We explore this question by examining the higher education-related decisions of Chilean high school graduates during the 2000s commodities boom. We find mineral extraction increases a person's likelihood of enrolling in postsecondary technical education while reducing the likelihood of completing a four-year professional degree program. Importantly, effects are heterogeneous across economic backgrounds. The impact on college dropouts is primarily present among students that graduated from public high schools, which generally cater to low-income groups. Our findings show that natural resources may affect human capital accumulation differently across income groups in resource-rich economies.
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Fritz, Brugger, Bezzola Selina, Hochet Peter, and Salavessa João. Public monitoring of the economic, social and environmental effect of industrial mining. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.2.en.

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The transition to renewable energy and a digital economy increases the demand for minerals. The development impact of resource extraction is the green economy’s Achilles heel. The Resource Impact Dashboard (RID) is an evidence-based policy instrument to encourage constructive dialogue between stakeholders about concerns related to economic, social, environmental and institutional outcomes of industrial mining. Results from the pilot-phase corroborate the necessity and the promises of public monitoring and deliberation.
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