Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extraction de vaisseaux sanguins'
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Bizeau, Alexandre. "Segmentation et extraction de caractéristiques des vaisseaux sanguins cérébraux à l'aide de l'IRM." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10259.
Full textAbstract : The neurovascular coupling is a growing field; it studies the effects of cerebral activity on the behaviour of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the blood vessels themselves. With the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is possible to obtain images such as susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to see the veins or time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) to visualize the arteries. These images allow having a structural representation of vessels in the brain. This thesis presents a method to segment blood vessels from structural images and extract their features. Using the segmentation mask, it is possible to calculate the diameter of the vessels as well as their length. With the help of such automatic segmentation tools, we conducted a study to analyze the behaviour of blood vessels during neuronal activities. Due to visual stimulation, we have acquired two images; one at rest and the other with stimulation. We compare the diameter in each of the images and obtain vasodilation in millimeters, but also as a percentage in each voxel. We also calculated the distance between the activation site and each voxel to see the magnitude of the vasodilation function of the distance. All this provides a better understanding of the vascular system of the human brain.
Sadikine, Mohamed Amine. "Deep vascular segmentation with geometric and topological constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0042.
Full textIn the evolving field of medical image analysis, blood vessel segmentation plays a key role in improving computer-aided diagnosis and surgical planning. This work combines three innovative contributions to advance the automatic segmentation of vascular structures. Firstly, we introduce a novel methodology that enhances U-Net inspired architectures with a semi-overcomplete convolutional auto-encoder that integrates shape priors to improve the delineation of intricate vascular systems, with a specific emphasis on characterizing fine structures. Subsequently, our research delves into enhancing vessel delineation through a novel joint prior encoding mechanism that combines geometric and topological constraints, providing a unified latent space that captures contextual information and connectivity of blood vessels, thereby addressing the challenges posed by their anatomical variability. Finally, we present a novel clustering technique for scale decomposition, along with a multi-task supervised approach that incorporates scale-specific auxiliary tasks and contrastive learning. These advances represent a step forward in reliable automated vascular segmentation, offering the potential to enhance clinical outcomes in a wide range of applications in clinical routine
Fouard, Céline. "Extraction de paramètres morphométriques pour l'étude du réseau micro-vasculaire cérébral." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308884.
Full textAl, Moussawi Ali. "Reconstruction 3D de vaisseaux sanguins." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0014/document.
Full textThis work concerns the 3D reconstruction of blood vessels from a limited number of 2D transversal cuts obtained from scanners. If data are missing, a coherentreconstruction with a vessel network is obtained. This approach allows to limit human interventions in processing images of 2D transversal cuts. Knowing that the images used are obtained by scanner, the difficulty is to connect the blood vessels between some widely spaced cuts in order to produce the graph corresponding to the network of vessels. We identify the vessels on each trnasversal cut as a mass to be transported, we construct a graph solution of a branched transport problem. At this stage, we are able to reconstruct the 3D geometry by using the 2D Level Set Functions given by the transversal cuts and the graph information. The 3D geometry of blood vessels is represented by the data of the Level Set function defined at any point of the space whose 0-level corresponds to the vessel walls. The resulting geometry is usually integrated in a fluid mechanic code solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a Cartesian grid strictly included in a reconstructed geometry. The inadequacy of the mesh with the interface of the geometry is overcomed thanks to a modified boundary condition leading to an accurate computation of the constraints to the walls
Al, Moussawi Ali. "Reconstruction 3D de vaisseaux sanguins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0014.
Full textThis work concerns the 3D reconstruction of blood vessels from a limited number of 2D transversal cuts obtained from scanners. If data are missing, a coherentreconstruction with a vessel network is obtained. This approach allows to limit human interventions in processing images of 2D transversal cuts. Knowing that the images used are obtained by scanner, the difficulty is to connect the blood vessels between some widely spaced cuts in order to produce the graph corresponding to the network of vessels. We identify the vessels on each trnasversal cut as a mass to be transported, we construct a graph solution of a branched transport problem. At this stage, we are able to reconstruct the 3D geometry by using the 2D Level Set Functions given by the transversal cuts and the graph information. The 3D geometry of blood vessels is represented by the data of the Level Set function defined at any point of the space whose 0-level corresponds to the vessel walls. The resulting geometry is usually integrated in a fluid mechanic code solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a Cartesian grid strictly included in a reconstructed geometry. The inadequacy of the mesh with the interface of the geometry is overcomed thanks to a modified boundary condition leading to an accurate computation of the constraints to the walls
Donatini, Bruno. "Vaisseaux sanguins et lymphatiques du pancreas : tentative de typologie." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S003.
Full textVaglio, Giovanna. "Analyse histo-morphométrique des vaisseaux sanguins du ligament parodontal bovin /." Genève : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253997.
Full textGodin, Denis. "Caractérisation des récepteurs activés par protéolyse dans les vaisseaux sanguins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25413.pdf.
Full textCarneiro, Esteves Sophie. "Segmentation des vaisseaux sanguins par approche variationnelle et apprentissage profond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0034.
Full textAccurate segmentation of blood vessels from medical images plays a crucial role in various clinical applications, such as surgical planning, disease diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. However, the task is challenging due to the diversity of imaging modalities, the complex geometry, and the low contrast of biomedical images. Deep learning provides significant representation power to learn a function that enables precise segmentation. Nevertheless, even with the development of semi-supervised methods, this function remains dependent on the available annotated dataset. On the other hand, unsupervised methods tend to generalize better, but their performance in terms of segmentation is generally much lower, especially when it comes to preserving connectivity, which is crucial for clinical applications.In this work, we propose novel methods for blood vessel segmentation that aim to preserve the connectivity of vascular networks across different imaging modalities in order to address both generalization and efficiency.Taking advantage of deep learning, we first develop a model to reconnect fragmented binary vascular structures in 2D and in 3D. This model can be applied as a post-processing in an unsupervised or supervised context, depending on the availability of vascular annotations of the target dataset. Furthermore, we show the possibility of applying it to segmentations obtained by different methods.However, the use of the reconnecting model as a post-processing does not allow to take advantage of the vascular structure prior present in medical images. Therefore, we propose to use our reconnecting model jointly with the segmentation task. To this end, we have integrated it into a variational segmentation scheme, that allows the detection of vascular networks in different datasets without the need for annotation. We tested our method on different datasets including 2D retinal fundus images, 3D liver CT volume scans and 3D brain TOF-MRA. We show that it better preserves the structure of vascular networks in real images compared to traditional unsupervised and semi-supervised methods, while improving the overall connectivity of the vascular tree
Dauphin, François. "Innervation cholinergique des vaisseaux sanguins cérébraux : origines possibles, pharmacologie et physiologie." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P615.
Full textParisel, Claire. "Ciblage cellulaire par des polysaccharides : les vaisseaux sanguins et la peau." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA132014.
Full textBouquet, Céline Marie Paule. "Inhibition de l'angiogénèse pathologique par transfert de gènes angiostatiques conjugués à l'albumine sérique humaine HSA." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0016.
Full textAngiogenesis, defined as the formation of new blood vessels, is crucial for progression of tumors and rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple anti-angiogenic factors have been tested to treat these pathologies, but their efficacy was restricted because of their short serum half-life. Recombinant adenoviruses expressing chimeric genes encoding angiostatin (K1-3) or the amino-terminal fragment of urokinase (ATF) fused to human serum albumin (HSA) was constructed. Systemic delivery of these viruses led to robust and long-lasting expression of the antagonists. The K3-HSA seric accumulation significantly inhibited angiogenesis and growth of human mammary carcinomas grafted in nude mice, as well as metastatic dissemination. We also showed that high serum levels of ATF-HSA, in a mouse model of induced arthritis, reduced the incidence and the severity. Albumin clearly enhanced bioavailability of angiostatic factors, and improved their therapeutic efficacy
Pichery, Mélanie. "Vaisseaux sanguins et inflammation : nouveaux modèles d'étude des vaisseaux HEVs et de la cytokine NF-HEV/IL-33." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30326.
Full textThrough its cellular plasticity, endothelium plays a crucial role in numerous physiological and pathological processes. The team is interested in the highly specialized HEV phenotype which confers to endothelial cells the unique capacity to recruit high number of circulating lymphocytes. Restricted to secondary lymphoid organs, HEV endothelial cells are major actors for body immune surveillance. In some inflammatory or tumoral conditions, an HEV-like phenotype is induced in non-lymphoid tissues and could mediate immune cell infiltration. Therefore, the control of HEV phenotype could enable the modulation of inflammatory cell recruitment and thus could provide therapeutic benefits in these disorders. A part of my project consists in the identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control HEV neogenesis and/or phenotypic induction in pathological context. I characterized a skin inflammatory mouse model in which HEV phenotype is induced on inflamed dermis blood vessels. This rapid and massive induction of HEV-type vessels is associated to the development of an allergic inflammatory reaction. Pharmacological specific inhibition of HEV vessels allows a drastic reduction of immune infiltrate and notably the number of eosinophils and neutrophils. The study of transgenic mice allows to highlight an essential role of the lymphotoxin pathway and a biphasic role of lymphocytes in the control of HEV-like inflammatory vascular phenotype. The other part of my thesis project is based on the study of a factor of the HEV endothelial cell molecular signature: the nuclear factor NF-HEV, recently renamed Interleukin-33. This IL-1 family inflammatory cytokine, which in Human is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of endothelial cells of the blood vascular tree, would be released after cellular damage to orchestrate orientation of the immune response. Using a transgenic reporter mouse established in our laboratory, we characterized IL-33 expression profile in mice and notably the inducible expression of mouse IL-33 in endothelial cells in response to several inflammatory stimuli. We also have demonstrated, in a collaborative work, that IL-33 and its receptor ST2 regulate intestinal epithelial barrier homeostasis and mucosal healing. Both these results underline the capacity of endothelial cells to adapt rapidly to microenvironment modifications. We especially characterized, in inflammatory conditions, that the vascular plasticity could translate into HEV phenotype adoption or into Interleukine-33 expression
Rousseau, Benoît. "Étude du rôle des FGF dans la vascularisation développementale et tumorale par dérégulation ciblée chez la souris transgénique." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12430.
Full textChapuis, Julien. "Identification de déterminants génétiques impliqués dans la composante vasculaire de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, par analyses transcriptomiques, génétiques et moléculaires." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S013.
Full textWillemetz, Jean-Claude. "Etude quantitative de l'hémodynamique de vaisseaux sanguins profonds par échographie Doppler ultrasonore /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=893.
Full textMiraucourt, Olivia. "Génération de modèles vasculaires cérébraux : segmentation de vaisseaux et simulation d’écoulements sanguins." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS004/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to generate vascular models and simulate blood flows inside these models. A first step consists of segmenting/reconstructing the 3D volume of the vascular network. Once such volumes are segmented and meshed, it is then possible to simulate blood flows. For segmentation purposes, we use a variational approach. We first propose a model that embeds a vesselness prior in the denoising models ROF and TV-L1. Although these models can enhance vessels, they are not designed for segmentation. Then, we propose a second, improved model that includes both vesselness and direction priors in the Chan-Vese segmentation model. The results are presented on 2D synthetic images, as well as retinal images. In the second part, devoted to simulation, we first focus on the cerebral venous network, that has not been intensively studied. The equations governing blood flows inside our geometry are the Navier-Stokes equations. For their resolution, the classical method of characteristics is compared with a high-order scheme. Both schemes are validated on analytical solutions before their application on the realistic cases of the cerebral venous network, and the arterial polygon of Willis
Giacinti, Anaïs. "Implication fonctionnelle des vaisseaux sanguins cérébraux dans le processus de consolidation mnésique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0271/document.
Full textWhile there is consensus that cerebral blood flow is distributed according to themetabolic demand of neurons, the contribution of vascular networks to memoryconsolidation, the process by which memories acquire stability over time, remainsunknown. This process requires a transitory hippocampal-cortical interaction allowingthe progressive remodeling of cortical neuronal networks supporting the remotememory trace.By using a behavioral task requiring an associative olfactory memory coupled to cellularimaging techniques, we first reveal, in adult healthy rats, a functional dissociationbetween the reactivity and the architecture of cerebral vascular networks. We identifycalcium signaling changes that occur in specific cerebral arteries, pointing to theirability to adapt their dynamics upon retrieval to enable the successful expression ofeither recent or remote memories. Moreover, we show that vascular networks undergo atime-dependent densification via an angiogenesis mechanism as early as one day afterlearning, including in cortical regions which will only support memory storage andretrieval weeks later. By specifically stimulating this early cortical angiogenesis, we wereable to improve the performance of rats tested for remote memory.Taken together, our results highlight the importance of vascular plasticity inmodulating neuronal plasticity and cognitive functions. They also suggest that the earlystructural changes within vascular networks could constitute a permissive mechanismwhich regulates the development of cortical dendritic spines thought to support theprogressive formation and storage of enduring memories
Norotte, Cyrille. "De la biologie du développement à l'ingénierie tissulaire : impression de vaisseaux sanguins." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066717.
Full textCentonze-Audureau, Sylvie. "Stratégie anti-angiogénique : une nouvelle approche thérapeutique du cancer : contribution à la synthèse de l'herbimycine A et d'analogues." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114818.
Full textCharles, Marc. "Etude de la fonction microvasculaire des muscles périphériques par congestion veineuse des membres." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET011T.
Full textTazi, Myriem. "Modélisations d'écoulements sanguins au passage de bifurcations." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT056H.
Full textPaquit, Vincent. "Imagerie multispectrale et modélisation 3D pour l'estimation quantitative des vaisseaux sanguins sous-cutanés." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS055.
Full textCurrent methods of venipuncture and peripheral intravenous (IV) catheterization procedures are performed ‘blind’ in that the clinician cannot see the vein but has to rely on feel, which may lead to missing the vein completely, causing tissue damage, pain and anxiety for the patient, especially with small children, older patients and those in a dehydrated state. We present in this dissertation experimental and theoretical methods to (1) Estimate relative vein location in different types of subcutaneous tissue and various skin colors, done by imaging the skin using a discrete set of illuminants ranging from visible to near infrared and a structured light pattern for active 3D triangulation and skin surface shape measurements. (2) Quantitatively optimize the measurement of vein depth in the tissue, using multispectral imaging, three dimensional Monte Carlo photon transport modeling, and inverse imaging with pattern recognition on phantom limbs and human subjects. (3) Develop imaging software enhancements utilizing three-dimensional mapping to help visualize the estimation of an optimal catheter entry point into a vein. The long term goal is to create an easy-to-use, inexpensive portable vein imaging device that will allow vein visualization for IV access and also assessment of IV catheter integrity in order to verify correct IV catheter placement
Trimeche, Iyèd. "Segmentation et analyse quantitative des vaisseaux sanguins de la rétine en optique adaptative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS169.
Full textAdaptive Optical Ophthalmoscopy (AOO) images of the eye fundus allow visualization of retinal vessels with high resolution, in particular arterial bifurcations and their wall thickness, suitable for morphometric biomarker measurements.The objective of this thesis is to study the morphometry of retinal vessels in AOO images, by determining the different biomarkers characterizing blood flow and which are extracted from the estimation of the diameters and the wall thickness of the branches at the bifurcations.We propose two methods for segmentation of retinal vessels in these images. The first is semi-automatic, it extends a previous approach, treating branches of retinal vessels, to the segmentation of bifurcations. The second is a fully automatic hybrid approach, based on a modified U-Net convolutional neural network and active contours, to segment the branches and bifurcations of retinal vessels with high precision.We thus propose a reproducible and automatic measurement technique to extract the diajavascript:nouvelleZone('contenuS-2');meters of the branches of the bifurcations and calculate the biomarkers for three populations: control subjects, diabetic subjects and Cadasil subjects. The experimental results show that the precision of our semi-automatic and fully automatic approaches lies within the range of intra- and inter-user variability, which allowed us to perform a robust statistical study on the extracted biomarkers in order to differentiate the control subjects and pathological subjects
Fiola, Marie-Christine. "Mécanotransduction endothéliale en réponse à un flux pulsatile dans un substitut vasculaire obtenu par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26507/26507.pdf.
Full textVieillard, Marie-Hélène. "Effet de l'acide zolédronique sur la vascularisation osseuse superficielle." Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S008.
Full textBisphosphonates are potent anti-osteoclastic agents. Indeed, the recent description of extra bone effects of bisphosphonates but also adverse effects so called osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) during bisphosphonate treatment would involve a vascular effect of these molecules. The aim of this work was to study the influence of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization. We used an original intra-vital animal model to study superficial bone vascularization. An optical chamber surgically implanted on the calvaria of rats allowed longitudinal tracking of bone vascularization by image analysis techniques. We initially searched the effect in the short term (five days) of high doses of zoledronic acid (400 μg / kg) on bone vascularization. The vascular density of the network, its total length and the average diameter of the vessels were studied. The results showed in the test group a significant decrease between D0 and D5 of the vascular density, of the total network length and diameter of small vessels (5-10 μm). We observed significant decrease between the two groups in the total network length at D3 (p = 0. 04) and D5 (p = 0. 02) and average diameter of the small vessels at D2 (p = 0. 03), D3 (p = 0. 02) and D5 (p = 0. 02). We have therefore concluded that a depressive effect of zoledronic acid in high doses on the superficial bone vascularization. Then we test a dose-effect of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization in the longer term (28 days). We compared the dose of 400 μg / kg to 120 μg / kg. At this dose, no effect of zoledronic acid was found regardless of the setting. We have therefore concluded that the depressive effect of zoledronic acid on the superficial bone was dosedependent. We completed our results observed in a study area by histological preliminary non demineralized bone section. Two bone sites were studied: an healing maxillary bone site after tooth extraction and standardized bone defect and non healing femoral bone site. Rats received 20 μg / kg / day of zoledronic acid in subcutaneous injection for 6 days compared to pss. These groups were compared to an untreated group. Double cyclin labelling, staining with toluidine blue and histoenzymology analysis after TRAP revelation have been achieved. Our preliminary results suggest a lower bone remodelling in the non healing femoral site in treated animals. In the healing site, bone remodeling seemed less altered, probably because of the importance of post-traumatic remodelling compared to low doses administered of zoledronic acid. These preliminary results must be confirmed on a larger sample and with quantitative methods of analysis. The potential links between these experimental results and the results of our clinical studies on ONJ are proposed in the last part of this work. We hypothesized that the effect of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization could be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of ONJ, and the cessation of BP could improve the course of ONJ. According to our classification and in 18 patients, we describe a favorable clinical course of ONJ in 44% of cases with 2 cases of CT mandibular rebuilding from periosteum. This thesis work therefore shows a cluster of clinical and experimental arguments in favor of a depressive effect of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization. Further studies are now needed to clarify the mechanisms of action ascrible to this effect
Tardiveau, Claire. "Caractérisation moléculaire des high endothelial venules (HEV) : des vaisseaux sanguins spécialisés pour le recrutement des lymphocytes dans les ganglions lymphatiques et les tumeurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30115.
Full textLymphocytes are effector cells of the adaptive immune response, their circulation within the organism allows for the detection of foreign antigens against which they will react. In physiological conditions, lymphocyte trafficking is a continuous process between lymph, blood and secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes. High Endothelial Venules (HEVs) are highly differentiated post-capillary venules specialized in naïve lymphocyte recruitment from the blood. These vessels present a high plasticity and their phenotype and function is highly dependent on their microenvironment. In physiological conditions, HEVs are only found in secondary lymphoid organs, but they can be induced in non- lymphoid tissues during chronic inflammation or cancer. In these pathological conditions, HEVs play a similar role in lymphocyte recruitment. It is therefore essential to determine the mechanisms, which control their appearance within these tissues. Overall, it is necessary to characterize the actors of HEVs regulation and maintenance in order to control lymphocyte access to given tissues. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile, in mice, the transcriptome of HEV endothelial cells under various conditions (homeostasis, inflammation, de- differentiation and in tumors). We discovered a transcriptomic heterogeneity within this population of cells. Currently defined HEV specific genes displayed higher variability even in homeostatic, unstimulated cells. A major breakthrough enabled by scRNA-seq was the possibility to look at the non-coding transcriptome. We identified HEV-specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as novel highly expressed endothelial cell lncRNAs. The use of various conditions permitted the identification of lncRNAs regulated by the LTßR signaling pathway. The identification of the transcriptomic signature of tumor-associated HEVs coupled with the study of their function by intravital microscopy allowed us to better characterize these vessels. These important discoveries resulted in the demonstration that tumor-associated HEVs present a very different transcriptomic signature from lymph node HEVs. Yet their function remains intact since we demonstrated that these vessels are the major entry door for circulating lymphocytes into tumors. Characterizing the profile of tumor-associated HEVs allowed us to highlight signaling pathways, which link their function to that of lymph node HEVs. This work paves the way to the identification of novel anti-tumor therapeutics that rely on the induction of this phenotype in solid tumors
Abbas-Aljubouri, Abdullateef. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une technique de dosage des immunoglobulines et du complément dans le sang gingival : méthodologie dans la néphélometrie laser." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1Z001.
Full textRamboer, Isabelle. "Modulation de la synthèse de prostacycline dans les cellules vasculaires." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28167.
Full textAl, Kilani Alia. "L'établissement du schéma général de l’arbre vasculaire embryonnaire : application sur le sac vitellin et le cerveau de l’embryon de poulet." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S013.
Full textStudy of physiological and mechanical features of the development of the vascular tree in the proximo-distal direction showed that blood vessel formation is favored in the less compressed areas. Therefore we proposed a physical model of the formation of yolk sac that describes the kinetics of development observed. In addition, we have studied the phenomenon of metamorphosis capillaries around an artery in growth into a parallel vein and the phenomenon of switching between the loop circuit and the parallel circuit the growing vascular tree. We were able to show that this transformation is triggered when the hydrodynamic resistance of the vascular network of the loop circuit starts to increase when the vessels grow. Thus, the artery induced the formation of "its" own vein alongside him. In another part, studies on limb’s formation were carried out, here we have demonstrated that the legs and the wings of the chicken embryo are budding in the direction of stress gradient so that the growth of lims gets ahead from stiff areas to the soft areas. Furthermore, we studied the molecular microtexture of collagen during the development of somites. The observations confirm that the deformation fields are congruent with the fields of molecular orientation. In conclusion, mechanics plays a role in both determining the mesoscopic morphologies at the cellular level and above, and guiding the organic polymer in the molecular level
Bourassa, Philippe. "Étude des altérations cérébrovasculaires dans la maladie d’Alzheimer à partir d’échantillons enrichis en microvaisseaux cérébraux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66309.
Full textPuyraimond, Alain. "Rôle des gélatinases dans l'angiogénèse tumorale." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S020.
Full textAngiogenesis plays a fundamental role in many physiological and pathological processes including wound healing and tumor growth. The formation of new vessels, which involves the migration of stimulated endothelial cells and subsequent tube formation, depends on a tightly controlled proteolysis of the components of the extracellular matrix. .
Alencar, Jacicarlos Lima de. "Implication de la s-nitrosation des résidus cystéine dans les effets des donneurs de no dans les vaisseaux : formation de stocks de no." Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR14312.
Full textThe objective of the work was to study the role of s-nitrosothiol formation in the vascular effects of no. The major information that we have obtained is that the persistent inhibition of the vascular contraction induced by some "no donors" is due to the formation of releasable no stores as s-nitrosoproteins in the vascular wall. We also showed important differences between the various families of no donors, and even inside the same family of compounds, for their ability to induce or not persistent effects on arterial tone by s-nitrosation of cysteine residues in vascular tissue. On the basis of the physicochemical properties of these compounds, we propose that prolonged effects can be obtained by carriers of no in its oxidized form nitrosonium (no+) and by compounds enough stable in physiological solution to allow the transfer of no+ on cysteine residues in tissue. With regard to the stability of s-nitrosothiols in solution and the relationship between stability and vasorelaxant properties, we showed the predominant role of the iron ions in the process of decomposition and release of no from s-nitrosocysteine. We also brought arguments suggesting the participation of dinitrosyl iron complexes in the process of decomposition and in the relaxant effect of s-nitrosocysteine. These mechanisms might be interesting to compensate the deficiency in endogenous no production by the endothelium which occur during various cardiovascular diseases
Cohen, Emmanuel. "Cartographie, analyse et reconnaissance de réseaux vasculaires par Doppler ultrasensible 4D." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED046/document.
Full textUltrasensitive Doppler is a new ultrasound imaging technique allowing the observation of blood flows with a very fine resolution and no contrast agent. Applied to cerebral microvascular imaging in rodents, this method produces very fine vascular 3D maps of the brain at high spatial resolution. These vascular networks contain characteristic tubular structures that could be used as landmarks to localize the position of the ultrasonic probe and take advantage of the easy-to-use properties of ultrasound devices such as low cost and portability. Thus, we developed a first neuronavigation system in rodents based on automatic registration of brain images. Using minimal path extraction methods, we developed a new isotropic segmentation framework for 3D geometric analysis of vascular networks (extraction of centrelines, diameters, curvatures, bifurcations). This framework was applied to quantify brain and tumor vascular networks, and finally leads to the development of point cloud registration algorithms for temporal monitoring of tumors
Yureidini, Ahmed. "Reconstruction robuste des vaisseaux sanguins pour les simulations médicales interactives à partir de données patients." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010973.
Full textSiraj, Muhammad Ahsan. "Caractérisation du récepteur endothélial de la FSH comme marqueur des vaisseaux sanguins associés aux tumeurs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0075.
Full textBackground : Follicle Stimulating Hormone receptor (FSHR) is expressed by the vascular endothelium in a wide range of human primary tumors. Our purpose was to further evaluate FSHR as marker of tumor blood vessels associated with sarcomas, breast cancer molecular subtypes, and metastases as well as predictive biomarker of response to antiangiogenic treatment.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry involving a highly specific mouse monoclonal anti-FSHR antibody and in situ hybridization to detect FSHR in tissue samples from patients with sarcomas (308 patients), breast cancer molecular subtypes (84 patients), and metastases (203 patients). To evaluate FSHR as predictive marker of antiangiogenic treatment of metastatic kidney cancer with sunitinib, we used immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to co-localize FSHR with von Willebrand factor, a marker of vascular endothelial cells (50 patients).ResultsFSHR is expressed in all 11 subtypes of sarcoma patients analysed, in 75% of metastatic tumors examined as well as in all different molecular subtypes of breast cancers. In metastatic kidney cancer patients the percentage of FSHR stained vessels was on average fivefold higher for the patients who responded to the treatment in comparison with the stable group and almost eightfold higher than in the non-responsive group (57%, 11%, and 7%, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest that, in addition to the cancers previously reported, FSHR can be considered as tumor marker for sarcomas and metastasis. Moreover, FSHR can be used, with high sensitivity and specificity, as predictive biomarker for the response to sunitinib treatment of patients with metastatic kidney cancer
Tiprez-Chocoloff, Catherine. "La reconstruction vasculaire après oxygénation extracorporelle en période néonatale : à propos de 26 observations." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL2M105.
Full textClerc, Frédéric. "Le système artériel bronchique chez l'homme, étude anatomique et applications aux transplantations pulmonaires (revascularisation artérielle bronchique)." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23037.
Full textBorrel, Christine. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique d'analogues non cycliques de la combrétastatine A-4 à potentialité antivasculaire." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P616.
Full textRecent developments in cancer chemotherapy consist in targeting the vasculature associated to tumor. As a consequence of vascular disruption, a bloof flow arrest and an accumulation of wastes are observed, leading to the necrosis of tumor. Combretastatin A-4 (or CSA-4, Combretum caffrum Kuntz. ), is a small molecule that displays a potent antivascular activity. This compound acts as tubulin polymerization inhibitor and targets the tubulin of cytoskeleton in the endothelial cells of tumor associated vessels. The vascular shutdown is observed at a very lower level than the maximum tolerated dose. In this work, four series of CSA-4 analogues were synthesized. Squamosamide, a natural stilben isolated from Annona squamosa L. , with a structure very similar to CSA-4, was also prepared and structure-activity relationships in this serie were studied. All compounds were evaluate for their potential biological activities (cytotoxicity and inhibition of tubulin polymerization)
Sabatier-Malaterre, Florence. "Les microparticules endothéliales : nouveaux vecteurs d'activités procoagulantes en pathologie vasculaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22950.
Full textTy, Nancy. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux analogues contraints de la combrétastatine A4 à potentialité antivasculaire." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P611.
Full textTubulin is the target of numerous anticancer drugs and especially the one of a novel class of antitumor drugs, vascular disrupting agents. Combretastatin A4 (CA4), molecule isolated from Combretum caffrum, is currently the lead compound. It selectively inhibits tubulin polymerization in tumor endothelial cells. This interaction between CA4 and tubulin leads to an obstruction of tumor blood vessels and, finally, to a tumor necrosis. CA4 is currently under phase III clinical trials as a phosphate prodrug phosphate, CA4-P. After conducting numerous structure-activity relationship studies on CA4 and its analogues, we have decided to conduct pharmacomodulations on new constrained analogues, namely pyrrolo[3,4-a]carbazole-type compounds and enantiomerically pur vinylcyclopropanes. Pyrrolo[3,4-a]carbazoles can be prepared by a one pot-three component reaction with an indole, 3,4,5-trimétoxyacetophenone and a maleimide, followed by the oxydation of the intermediate tetrahydrocarbazoles. Moreover, we have also synthesized 5,6-disubstituted indoles according to a short and convergent synthetic pathway. All pyrrolocarbazoles were evaluated using two assays, that is cytotoxicity against murine B16 melanoma cells and the rounding up of EA. Hy 926 endothelial cells, which is considered as a useful model of potential in vivo antivascular effects. We also undertook the asymetric synthesis of enantiomerically pure vinylcyclopropyl and real cyclopropyl analogues of CA4 from a chiral cyclopropylboronate synthon
Correia, José. "Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés de copolymères dérivés du poly(chlorure de vinyle) analogues a l'héparine." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132035.
Full textSamake, Georges. "Comportement mécanique d'un tube cylindrique encastré dans un milieu infini : application aux microvaisseaux cardiaques." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120041.
Full textBerta, Mélanie. "Etude de la modification post-traductionnelle de HIF-1α (Hypoxia inducible factor-1α) par SUMO (Small ubiquitin-related MOdifier) : implication dans son activité transactivatrice." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4029.
Full textKawecki, Fabien. "Développement par génie tissulaire d’un substitut osseux humain prévascularisé." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69302.
Full textBone tissue engineering is a field of regenerative medicine that allows the production of substitutes from the patient’s cells in association with either biomaterials and/or growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). The chemical composition or the xenogeneic origin of these biomaterials can lead to healing failures that would result in the non-integration of the graft to the surrounding native tissue or the rejection by the patient’s body. Moreover, in the absence of vascularization, the center of thick tissues produced will end up with reduced or insufficient intake of nutrients and oxygen. This can significantly reduce graft survival and post-implantation healing. We hypothesized that the prevascularization of these osseous substitutes will provide a capillary network that can promote in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo bone healing. The overall goal of this thesis is to develop a new model of a prevascularized human osseous cell sheet produced by the self-assembly method using human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). The aims are: 1) Determine the pro-angiogenic potential of these osseous cell sheets, and study the development of laser-assisted bioprinted microvascular structures. 2) Characterize the formation of a capillary network produced by random seeding of endothelial cells and evaluate its impact on osteogenesis, biomineralization, and the healing of calvarial bone defects. 3) Improve osteogenesis of the tissues using bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) treatment and determine the potential of osseous substitutes, co-cultured or not with endothelial cells, to heal alveolar bone defects. Thus, hASCs have been induced towards an osteogenic differentiation pathway to form manipulable osseous cell sheets. These cell sheets showed a pro-angiogenic profile with the secretion of molecules, such as vascular endothelium growth factor (as high as non-induced cell sheets) and angiopoietin-1 (2.3-fold higher than non-induced cell sheets), that can vii promote the formation and the maintenance of a capillary network. Large endothelial structures were formed by laser-assisted bioprinting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The alignment of these structures depends on the cellular orientation of the stacked cell sheets. Prevascularized osseous tissues, which were vascularized by the random seeding method, allowed the formation of a capillary network 2.1-fold denser and 3.7-fold more connected compared to non-induced tissues. However, prevascularization delayed osteogenesis and biomineralization in vitro, with decreases in osteocalcin secretion (1.7-fold) and hydroxyapatite formation (1.6-fold) in the matrix. Prevascularization of the osseous grafts revealed an improvement of their survival (5.7-fold) after 12 weeks of implantation in calvarial bone defects created in immunodeficient rats. In addition, these results suggest that the prevascularization of osseous tissue does not interfere with the healing of cranial bone defects. To improve the potential of the model, the osteogenic effect of BMP-9 treatment on hASCs, as well as the impact of their co-culture with HUVECs for 21 days, were investigated. BMP-9 treatment of osseous tissues significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (3-fold), while prevascularization significantly increased the thickness (2-fold) and the mechanical properties (percent deformation: 1.6-fold, Young modulus: 3.6-fold and tensile strength: 3.7-fold) of the osseous tissues after 21 days of co-culture. Untreated, prevascularized or BMP-9-treated osseous and stromal tissues were grafted for 10 weeks into alveolar bone defects created in immunodeficient rats following tooth extractions. A surgical bone filler biomaterial was used as a positive control. Micro-computed tomography scans and histologic observations revealed elevated bone healing when the defects are grafted with BMP-9-treated or non-BMP-treated osseous tissues. In addition, these defects exhibited a similar bone volume fraction at the implantation site after 10 weeks compared to those filled with the biomaterial. viii Finally, this new model of prevascularized human osseous tissue could ultimately offer clinicians an advantageous solution for the treatment of small bone defects and represent, for fundamental researchers, a powerful in vitro research tool.
Lesage, David. "Modèles, primitives et méthodes de suivi pour la segmentation vasculaire : application aux coronaires en imagerie tomodensitométrique 3D." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005908.
Full textPalussière, Jean. "Intérêt du Doppler couleur dans les occlusions de la veine centrale de la rétine." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23122.
Full textBrulin-Fardoux, Peggy. "Cadasil : contribution apportée par l'ultrastructure, l'immunohistochimie des vaisseaux et l'analyse du modèle animal." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2MT25.
Full textIn the field of vascular dementia which correspond to the second cause of dementia after Alzheimer disease in occidental countries, CADASIL is an autosomal dominant hereditary vascular dementia secondary to mutations of the gene Notch3. CADASIL is a systemic alteration of the vascular smooth muscle cells leading to an exclusive neurological disease. The neuroimagery is one main point in the diagnosis and discloses lesions in the deep white matter and in the deep gray matter. The main purpuse of this study us a better understanding of the CADASIL physiopathology. Three lines were developped : i) A morphological and morphometrical evaluation of the vessel wall alterations and their functional consequences, ii) a biochemical analysis of the specific deposits (GOMs) and iii) a study of a CADASIL murin model in order to observe the time course of the disease
Lévesque, Philippe. "Conception d'un montage de caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de vaisseaux reconstruits par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26713/26713.pdf.
Full textTissue engineering presents a promising approach for producing tissues to replace, repair or reproduce tissues and organs to be used for reconstructive surgery or as a research model. Tissue engineered vascular constructs can be partially characterized by measuring certain mechanical properties such as burst pressure and compliance and submitting them to creep and fatigue tests. Measuring these mechanical properties allows researchers to assess a method’s capability of producing vascular constructs possessing mechanical properties similar to those of native vessels. A system to measure these important mechanical properties in a reliable, precise and repeatable manner was designed and built. The computer controlled system exposed the vascular constructs to various hydrostatic pressures and simultaneously recorded the construct’s internal pressure and external diameter. These values are then used to calculate the mechanical properties of interest.
Blais, Mathieu. "Influence du système nerveux périphérique sur le développement vasculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25217/25217.pdf.
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