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Journal articles on the topic 'Extracellular polymeric.substances'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

Li, Ningjie, Linbo Fu, Lei Wu, Zhongwei Chen, and Qi Lan. "Influence of culture conditions on extracellular polymeric substances production by the white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817501004.

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The extracellular polymeric substances of white rot fungi play an important role in the adsorption of heavy metals, but the influence of culture conditions on extracellular polymeric substances production is still unknown. In this paper, we researched on the influence of temperature, incubation time, the rotational speed and the inoculation volume on the yield of extracellular polymeric substances produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a model strain of white rot fungi. The results show that the optimum culture conditions for Phanerochaete chrysosporium to produce extracellular polymeric substances was culturing at 40 °C, incubating for 5 d, rotating at 100 rpm, and inoculating 0.5 ml of spore suspension with concentration of 2.5×106 spores/ml. The highest yield of EPS was 234.65 mg/g when the fungi was cultured at 100 rpm, 40 °C and incubated for 5 days. This study can provide useful information for the follow-up experiments related to extracellular polymeric substances of white rot fungi

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2

Bello-Morales, Raquel, Sabina Andreu, Vicente Ruiz-Carpio, Inés Ripa, and José Antonio López-Guerrero. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals." Viruses 14, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14061337.

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Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.

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3

Zhang, Xiaoqi, and Paul L. Bishop. "Biodegradability of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances." Chemosphere 50, no. 1 (January 2003): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00319-3.

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4

Chen, Ming‐Yuan, Duu‐Jong Lee, and J. H. Tay. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Fouling Layer." Separation Science and Technology 41, no. 7 (June 2006): 1467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390600683597.

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5

Li, Qiang, Ge Hu, Peng Song, Natsagdorj Khaliunaa, Rooha Khurram, Hu Zhang, Xuguo Liu, et al. "Membrane fouling of actual extracellular polymeric substances." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 647 (January 27, 2021): 012112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/647/1/012112.

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6

Ahsan, Nazmul, Kashfia Faruque, Farah Shamma, Nazrul Islam, and Anwarul A. Akhand. "Arsenic adsorption by Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 28, no. 2 (September 5, 2012): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11821.

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The main objective of this work was to isolate arsenic resistant bacteria from contaminated soil, followed by screening for their ability to adsorb arsenic. Six bacterial isolates (S1 to S6) were obtained from arsenic contaminated soil samples and among these, five (S1, S2, S3, S5 and S6) were characterized as bacillus and the rest one (S4) was cocci depending on shape. All the isolates except S6 produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the culture medium and displayed arsenic adsorbing activities demonstrated by adsorption of around 90% from initial concentration of 1 mg/L sodium arsenite. To clarify the role of EPS, we killed the bacteria that produced EPS and used these killed bacteria to see whether they could still adsorb arsenic or not. We found that they could adsorb arsenic similarly like that of EPS produced live bacterial isolates. From the observation it is concluded that these isolates showed potentiality to adsorb arsenic and hence might be used for bioremediation of arsenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11821 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 80-83

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7

Gong, Amy S., Carl H. Bolster, Magda Benavides, and Sharon L. Walker. "Extraction and Analysis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Comparison of Methods and Extracellular Polymeric Substance Levels inSalmonella pullorumSA 1685." Environmental Engineering Science 26, no. 10 (October 2009): 1523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2008.0398.

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8

Zhang, Guojun, Shulan Ji, Xue Gao, and Zhongzhou Liu. "Adsorptive fouling of extracellular polymeric substances with polymeric ultrafiltration membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 309, no. 1-2 (February 2008): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.012.

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9

Yu, Guang-Hui, Pin-Jing He, Li-Ming Shao, Duu-Jong Lee, and Arun S. Mujumdar. "Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Extracellular Enzymes in Aerobic Granules." Drying Technology 28, no. 7 (June 30, 2010): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2010.490766.

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10

Kumar Singha, Tapan. "Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Production, Isolation and Applications." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) 2, no. 2 (January 2012): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3013-0220276281.

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11

Flemming, H. C., T. R. Neu, and J. Wingender. "The Perfect Slime: Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)." Water Intelligence Online 15 (August 18, 2016): 9781780407425. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780407425.

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12

Xiao, Yong, and Feng Zhao. "Electrochemical roles of extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms." Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 4, no. 1 (August 2017): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2017.09.016.

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13

Liu, Hong, and Herbert H. P. Fang. "Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludges." Journal of Biotechnology 95, no. 3 (May 2002): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00025-1.

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14

Yu, Qiang, and Jeremy B. Fein. "Sulfhydryl Binding Sites within Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances." Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 11 (May 20, 2016): 5498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00347.

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15

Zhang, Xiaoqi, and Paul L. Bishop. "Spatial Distribution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Biofilms." Journal of Environmental Engineering 127, no. 9 (September 2001): 850–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2001)127:9(850).

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16

Chen, M. Y., D. J. Lee, and J. H. Tay. "Distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic granules." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 73, no. 6 (January 2007): 1463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0617-x.

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17

Suh, J. H., J. W. Yun, and D. S. Kim. "Effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on Pb." Bioprocess Engineering 21, no. 1 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050631.

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18

Peng, Meng, Jiayu Xu, Guang Yang, and Hongzhang Xu. "Digestion Properties of Intracellular Polymers and Extracellular Polymeric Substances and Influences of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge." Journal of Environmental Engineering 146, no. 10 (October 2020): 04020112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001787.

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19

Xiao, Yong, Enhua Zhang, Jingdong Zhang, Youfen Dai, Zhaohui Yang, Hans E. M. Christensen, Jens Ulstrup, and Feng Zhao. "Extracellular polymeric substances are transient media for microbial extracellular electron transfer." Science Advances 3, no. 7 (July 2017): e1700623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700623.

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20

Cui, You-Wei, Yun-Peng Shi, and Xiao-Yu Gong. "Effects of C/N in the substrate on the simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and extracellular polymeric substances by Haloferax mediterranei via kinetic model analysis." RSC Advances 7, no. 31 (2017): 18953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02131c.

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21

Xia, Peng-Fei, Qian Li, Lin-Rui Tan, Xue-Fei Sun, Chao Song, and Shu-Guang Wang. "Extracellular polymeric substances protect Escherichia coli from organic solvents." RSC Advances 6, no. 64 (2016): 59438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11707d.

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22

Gopalakrishnan, Kishore, and Donna R. Kashian. "Extracellular polymeric substances in green alga facilitate microplastic deposition." Chemosphere 286 (January 2022): 131814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131814.

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23

Zhu, Liang, Haitian Yu, Yimei Liu, Hanying Qi, and Xiangyang Xu. "Optimization for extracellular polymeric substances extraction of microbial aggregates." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 7 (February 20, 2015): 1106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.043.

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The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are important macromolecular components in microbial aggregates. The three EPS extraction methods – ultrasound + cation exchange resins (CER) + sulfide, ultrasound + formamide + NaOH, and ultrasound + heat – were investigated in the study, and the component differences of extracted EPS from the loose flocs and dense aerobic granules were compared using chemical analysis and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM). Results showed that the contents of EPS were extracted effectively by ultrasound + formamide + NaOH and ultrasound + heat methods, and the ultrasound + CER + sulfide method did not extract the polysaccharides (PS) or protein (PN) contents from the sludge samples. The 3D-EEM analysis indicated that the nature of peak B/D, peak C/E/F, and peak A/G were attributed to PN-like, humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like fluorophores. All fluorophores can be detected from the EPS extracted through the ultrasound + heat method. Hopefully this will provide more information about the EPS interaction mechanism of microbial aggregates.

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24

Jiao, Yongqin, George D. Cody, Anna K. Harding, Paul Wilmes, Matthew Schrenk, Korin E. Wheeler, Jillian F. Banfield, and Michael P. Thelen. "Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Acidophilic Microbial Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (March 12, 2010): 2916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02289-09.

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ABSTRACT We examined the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from two natural microbial pellicle biofilms growing on acid mine drainage (AMD) solutions. The EPS obtained from a mid-developmental-stage biofilm (DS1) and a mature biofilm (DS2) were qualitatively and quantitatively compared. More than twice as much EPS was derived from DS2 as from DS1 (approximately 340 and 150 mg of EPS per g [dry weight] for DS2 and DS1, respectively). Composition analyses indicated the presence of carbohydrates, metals, proteins, and minor quantities of DNA and lipids, although the relative concentrations of these components were different for the two EPS samples. EPS from DS2 contained higher concentrations of metals and carbohydrates than EPS from DS1. Fe was the most abundant metal in both samples, accounting for about 73% of the total metal content, followed by Al, Mg, and Zn. The relative concentration profile for these metals resembled that for the AMD solution in which the biofilms grew, except for Si, Mn, and Co. Glycosyl composition analysis indicated that both EPS samples were composed primarily of galactose, glucose, heptose, rhamnose, and mannose, while the relative amounts of individual sugars were substantially different in DS1 and DS2. Additionally, carbohydrate linkage analysis revealed multiply linked heptose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and rhamnose, with some of the glucose in a 4-linked form. These results indicate that the biochemical composition of the EPS from these acidic biofilms is dependent on maturity and is controlled by the microbial communities, as well as the local geochemical environment.

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25

Adav, Sunil S., Duu-Jong Lee, and Joo-Hwa Tay. "Extracellular polymeric substances and structural stability of aerobic granule." Water Research 42, no. 6-7 (March 2008): 1644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.013.

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26

Yu, Han-Qing. "Molecular Insights into Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Activated Sludge." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 13 (June 1, 2020): 7742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00850.

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27

Gerbersdorf, Sabine Ulrike, Bernhard Westrich, and David M. Paterson. "Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in Fresh Water Sediments." Microbial Ecology 58, no. 2 (February 26, 2009): 334–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-009-9498-8.

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28

Perkins, R. G., D. M. Paterson, H. Sun, J. Watson, and M. A. Player. "Extracellular polymeric substances: quantification and use in erosion experiments." Continental Shelf Research 24, no. 15 (October 2004): 1623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.06.001.

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29

Tourney, Janette, and Bryne T. Ngwenya. "The role of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances in geomicrobiology." Chemical Geology 386 (October 2014): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.011.

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30

Lee, Chun-Chi, Duu-Jong Lee, and Juin-Yih Lai. "Labeling enzymes and extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic granules." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 40, no. 5 (September 2009): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2009.04.002.

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31

Ramirez-Mora, Tatiana, Cristina Retana-Lobo, and Grettel Valle-Bourrouet. "Biochemical characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from endodontic biofilms." PLOS ONE 13, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): e0204081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204081.

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32

Khandeparker, Rakhee DS, and Narayan B. Bhosle. "Extracellular polymeric substances of the marine fouling diatomamphora rostrataWm.Sm." Biofouling 17, no. 2 (July 2001): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010109378471.

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33

Wang, Zhi-Wu, Yu Liu, and Joo-Hwa Tay. "Biodegradability of extracellular polymeric substances produced by aerobic granules." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 74, no. 2 (February 2007): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0686-x.

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34

Chen, Ming-Yuan, Duu-Jong Lee, Joo-Hwa Tay, and Kuan-Yeow Show. "Staining of extracellular polymeric substances and cells in bioaggregates." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 75, no. 2 (January 24, 2007): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0816-5.

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35

Watanabe, Cláudia Hitomi, Rute Ferreira Domingos, Marc Fabien Benedetti, and André Henrique Rosa. "Dissolution and fate of silver nanoparticles in the presence of natural aquatic organic matter." Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment 2, no. 1 (2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jeea.2022.24.

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Despite increasing interest in and use of nanoparticles (NP), the environmental consequences of using NP are poorly understood because most relevant studies have not taken the effects of natural coatings on NP into consideration. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the fates of NP in aquatic systems. The fates of silver NP (AgNP) capped with citrate and polyethylene glycol dispersed in ecotoxicological matrices in the presence of environmentally relevant components of natural water (humic substances and extracellular polymeric substances) were investigated. Interactions between AgNP and natural organic matter were evaluated by ultracentrifugation and electrophoretic mobility measurements to assess AgNP dissolution. Humic substances and extracellular polymeric substances both decreased the dissolution rate. The natural organic matter (humic substances and extracellular polymeric substances) provided conditions in which the medium stabilized the NP. The dissolution rate depended on the coating type (citrate or polyethylene glycol), dissolved organic carbon concentration, and particle concentration. The presence of algae and Daphnia affected AgNP conversion, demonstrating the value of research that takes environmentally relevant matrices into consideration. The results improve our understanding of the factors that affect the bioavailabilities of AgNP and therefore improve our ability to evaluate AgNP toxicity. Studies of other NP using the same strategy will improve our understanding of the fates of nanomaterials in the environment and biota.

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36

Yang, Yi, Shimei Zheng, Ruixuan Li, Xin Chen, Kunkun Wang, Binbin Sun, Yinqing Zhang, and Lingyan Zhu. "New insights into the facilitated dissolution and sulfidation of silver nanoparticles under simulated sunlight irradiation in aquatic environments by extracellular polymeric substances." Environmental Science: Nano 8, no. 3 (2021): 748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0en01142h.

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37

Wei, Shuyin, Feng Zeng, Yingyue Zhou, Jiawei Zhao, Hao Wang, Rui Gao, and Weiqian Liang. "Phototransformation of extracellular polymeric substances in activated sludge and their interaction with microplastics." RSC Advances 13, no. 38 (2023): 26574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra04027e.

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38

Wolcott, R. "Disrupting the biofilm matrix improves wound healing outcomes." Journal of Wound Care 24, no. 8 (August 2, 2015): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2015.24.8.366.

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Objective: The most unyielding molecular component of biofilm communities is the matrix structure that it can create around the individual microbes that constitute the biofilm. The type of polymeric substances (polymeric sugars, bacterial proteins, bacterial DNA and even co-opted host substances) are dependent on the microbial species present within the biofilm. The extracellular polymeric substances that make up the matrix give the wound biofilm incredible colony defences against host immunity, host healing and wound care treatments. This polymeric slime layer, which is secreted by bacteria, encases the population of microbes, creating a physical barrier that limits the ingress of treatment agents to the bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine if degrading the wound biofilm matrix would improve wound healing outcomes and if so, if there was a synergy between treating agents that disrupted biofilm defenses with Next Science Wound Gel (wound gel) and cidal agents (topical antibiotics). Method: A three-armed randomised controlled trial was designed to determine if standard of care (SOC) was superior to SOC plus wound gel (SOC + gel) and wound gel alone. The wound gel used in this study contains components that directly attack the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. The gel was applied directly to the wound bed on a Monday–Wednesday–Friday interval, either alone or with SOC topical antibiotics. Results: Using a surrogate endpoint of 50% reduction in wound volume, the results showed that SOC healed at 53%, wound gel healed at 80%, while SOC plus wound gel showed 93% of wounds being successfully treated. Conclusion: By directly targeting the wound biofilm matrix, wound healing outcomes are improved.

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39

Zhang, Wan You, Xin Yan Wang, and Li Juan Xi. "Effect of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Operation of Membrane Bioreactor." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.491.

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In order to study the relationship between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and membrane fouling, the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated in this paper. The operation of membrane was analyzed by evaluating sludge volume index (SVI), modified fouling index (MFI), and membrane resistance (Rt), respectively. The results showed that SVI, MFI, and Rt increased with the accumulation of EPS, and membrane fouling aggravated with the increase of EPS, this illustrated that the content of EPS had a direct influence on SVI, MFI, Rt and membrane fouling. The consequences could offer a simple method to monitor the concentration of EPS by analyzing SVI, MFI, or Rt.

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40

Bao, Peng, Mingchen Xia, Ajuan Liu, Mingwei Wang, Li Shen, Runlan Yu, Yuandong Liu, et al. "Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted byPurpureocillium lilacinumstrain Y3 promote biosynthesis of jarosite." RSC Advances 8, no. 40 (2018): 22635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03060j.

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41

Elhadidy, Ahmed M., Michele I. Van Dyke, Fei Chen, Sigrid Peldszus, and Peter M. Huck. "Development and application of an improved protocol to characterize biofilms in biologically active drinking water filters." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 3, no. 2 (2017): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ew00279j.

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42

Xu, Rui, Zhaohui Yang, Ting Chen, Lijun Zhao, Jing Huang, Haiyin Xu, Peipei Song, and Min Li. "Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal wastewater sludge with food waste with different fat, oil, and grease contents: study of reactor performance and extracellular polymeric substances." RSC Advances 5, no. 125 (2015): 103547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21459a.

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43

Palomares-Navarro, Julian J., Ariadna T. Bernal-Mercado, Gustavo A. González-Aguilar, Luis A. Ortega-Ramirez, Miguel A. Martínez-Téllez, and Jesús F. Ayala-Zavala. "Antibiofilm Action of Plant Terpenes in Salmonella Strains: Potential Inhibitors of the Synthesis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010035.

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Salmonella can form biofilms that contribute to its resistance in food processing environments. Biofilms are a dense population of cells that adhere to the surface, creating a matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting mainly of polysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA. Remarkably, the secreted substances, including cellulose, curli, and colanic acid, act as protective barriers for Salmonella and contribute to its resistance and persistence when exposed to disinfectants. Conventional treatments are mostly ineffective in controlling this problem; therefore, exploring anti-biofilm molecules that minimize and eradicate Salmonella biofilms is required. The evidence indicated that terpenes effectively reduce biofilms and affect their three-dimensional structure due to the decrease in the content of EPS. Specifically, in the case of Salmonella, cellulose is an essential component in their biofilms, and its control could be through the inhibition of glycosyltransferase, the enzyme that synthesizes this polymer. The inhibition of polymeric substances secreted by Salmonella during biofilm development could be considered a target to reduce its resistance to disinfectants, and terpenes can be regarded as inhibitors of this process. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these compounds against Salmonella enzymes that produce extracellular polymeric substances.

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44

Wong, Tiow Ping, Roger W. Babcock, Theodore Uekawa, Joachim Schneider, and Bing Hu. "Effects of Waste Activated Sludge Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Biosorption." Water 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14020218.

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Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) reportedly make up approximately half of the organic matter in activated sludge (AS), and therefore strongly influence AS properties. This study evaluated the component fractions of EPS normalized to volatile suspended solids (VSS) in waste activated sludge (WAS) from a trickling-filter-solids contact process (TF/SC) and its ability to biosorb organic matter from raw wastewater with 30 min of contact time. Biosorption is the process in which organic matter (carbohydrates, proteins, humic acids, DNA, uronic acids, and lipids) in a sorbate, such as raw wastewater, sorbs onto a sorbent such as WAS. A statistically significant correlation was found between both the total concentration of EPS and the proteins component of the EPS and the biosorption removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and truly soluble COD (ffCOD). Thus, the biosorption of soluble forms of COD can accurately be predicted by quantifying just the amount of proteins in WAS-associated EPS. No significant correlations were found for the biosorption of colloidal COD (cCOD). WAS biosorbed 45–75 mg L−1 of COD in 30 min. WAS absorbed or stored the proteins fraction of the soluble microbial products (SMP) during the biosorption process. Higher concentrations of humic acids were found in the biosorption process effluent than in the untreated wastewater, which warrants further study. Longer cation exchange resin (CER) extraction times yielded more total EPS from the sludge: 90 ± 9, 158 ± 3, and 316 ± 44 mg g−1 VSS, for 45-min, 4-h, and 24-h extraction times, respectively. Thus, EPS extracted represented only 9%, 15.8%, and 31.6% of the VSS, respectively, raising questions about whether the accurate characterization of EPS can be performed using the typical extraction time of 45 min due to different extraction rates for different components. It was found that the humic acids fraction was extracted much more slowly than the other fractions.

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45

Di Martino, Patrick. "Extracellular polymeric substances, a key element in understanding biofilm phenotype." AIMS Microbiology 4, no. 2 (2018): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.274.

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46

Zhang, Chun Hua, Xiao Xia Ou, and Feng Jie Zhang. "Effect of Suspended Carriers on Extracellular Polymeric Substances in MBR." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1939.

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Suspended carriers were added into a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) using polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP NWF) as membrane model to treat synthetic wastewater. The changes of EPSSEPSB and EPS in activated sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface were researched at different aeration rate. The results showed that adding suspended carriers in MBR can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in activated sludge mixing liquid, but the effect on EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface is related to aeration rate. Adding suspended carriers can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface at 0.10m3/h of aeration rate; the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge with suspended carriers is reduced when aeration rate is increased to 0.25m3/h. The study on the effect of aeration rate on EPS in sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface showed that an optimized aeration rate exists if suspended carriers are added to control MBR membrane fouling. At the optimized aeration rate, membrane fouling can be mitigated and controled effectively.

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Widyaningrum, D., and B. Meindrawan. "The application of microbial extracellular polymeric substances in food industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 426 (March 13, 2020): 012181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/426/1/012181.

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Liu, Xiao-Meng, Guo-Ping Sheng, Hong-Wei Luo, Feng Zhang, Shi-Jie Yuan, Juan Xu, Raymond J. Zeng, Jian-Guang Wu, and Han-Qing Yu. "Contribution of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) to the Sludge Aggregation." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 11 (June 2010): 4355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9016766.

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Jia, Fangxu, Qing Yang, Xiuhong Liu, Xiyao Li, Baikun Li, Liang Zhang, and Yongzhen Peng. "Stratification of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) for Aggregated Anammox Microorganisms." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 6 (March 9, 2017): 3260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05761.

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van der Aa, Bruno C., and Yves F. Dufrêne. "In situ characterization of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances by AFM." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 23, no. 2-3 (February 2002): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7765(01)00229-6.

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