Relevant bibliographies by topics / Extracellular Bacterial Polysaccharides (ECP)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Extracellular Bacterial Polysaccharides (ECP)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Extracellular Bacterial Polysaccharides (ECP)"

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Atabek, Arzu, and Terri A. Camesano. "Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Effect of Lipopolysaccharides and Extracellular Polymers on Adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 23 (September 28, 2007): 8503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00769-07.

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ABSTRACT The roles of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and extracellular polymers (ECP) on the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (expresses the A-band and B-band of O antigen) and AK1401 (expresses the A-band but not the B-band) to silicon were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and related to biopolymer physical properties. Measurement of macroscopic properties showed that strain AK1401 is more negatively charged and slightly more hydrophobic than strain PAO1 is. Microscopic AFM investigations of individual bacteria showed differences in how the biopolymers interacted with silicon. PAO1 showed larger decay lengths in AFM approach cycles, suggesting that the longer polymers on PAO1 caused greater steric repulsion with the AFM tip. For both bacterial strains, the long-range interactions we observed (hundreds of nanometers) were inconsistent with the small sizes of LPS, suggesting that they were also influenced by ECP, especially polysaccharides. The AFM retraction profiles provide information on the adhesion strength of the biopolymers to silicon (F adh). For AK1401, the adhesion forces were only slightly lower (F adh = 0.51 nN compared to 0.56 nN for PAO1), but the adhesion events were concentrated over shorter distances. More than 90% of adhesion events for AK1401 were at distances of <600 nm, while >50% of adhesion events for PAO1 were at distances of >600 nm. The sizes of the observed molecules suggest that the adhesion of P. aeruginosa to silicon was controlled by ECP, in addition to LPS. Steric and electrostatic forces each contributed to the interfacial interactions between P. aeruginosa and the silicon surface.
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Whitfield, Chris. "Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-073.

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The synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides has been recognized in certain bacterial cultures since the 1880s. It is now apparent that a wide range of bacteria produce these polymers and an equally wide range of chemical structures are possible. Their surface location, together with the range of available monosaccharide combinations, noncarbohydrate substituents, and linkage types, make extracellular polysaccharides excellent agents of diversity. As a result, much effort has been directed towards elucidating their structure in pathogenic bacteria and in enteric organisms in particular. Commercial applications of microbial polysaccharides have now broadened the scope of structural information. Most recently, technological advances in molecular biology have created the possibility of manipulating desired polymer characteristics, and with these advances, our knowledge of the mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of cell surface polysaccharides has improved. Ultimately more information regarding the function of extracellular polysaccharides in natural environments may result.
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Dignac, M. F., V. Urbain, D. Rybacki, A. Bruchet, D. Snidaro, and P. Scribe. "Chemical description of extracellular polymers: implication on activated sludge floc structure." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0789.

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Activated sludge extracellular polymers (ECP) were extracted either by sonication or a combination of sonication and cation exchange resin treatment (CER). The chemical composition of the aqueous extract was investigated by chromatographic analysis of amino acids and sugars after hydrolysis. Up to 70 to 80% of the total organic carbon (TOC) of ECP was characterized. Proteins were found to be the major constituent of ECP, which was confirmed by pyrolysis/GC/MS analysis. Sugar and protein analysis led to complementary information both on the origin of extracellular material and on sludge floc structure. The monosaccharide composition in ECP and sludge allowed the proposal of different origins for extracellular polysaccharides. The predominance of proteins in ECP underlined their key role in the floc structure, and led to hypotheses on their origin. Proteins were better extracted than sugars when the CER extraction was combined with sonication. This supposed that proteins are more involved than sugars in electrostatic bonds with multivalent cations. Electrostatic bonds were found to be uniformly distributed in the floc and closely combined with hydrophobic bonds. About 25% of ECP amino acids were negatively charged and 24% exhibited hydrophobic properties, highlighting the specific role of proteins in the floc structure.
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Rockey, D. D., P. S. D. Turaga, G. D. Wiens, B. A. Cook, and S. L. Kaattari. "Serine proteinase of Renibacterium salmoninarum digests a major autologous extracellular and cell-surface protein." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-130.

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Renibacterium salmoninarum is a pathogen of salmonid fish that produces large amounts of extracellular protein (ECP) during growth. A proteolytic activity present in ECP at elevated temperatures digested the majority of the proteins in ECP. This digestion was also associated with the loss of ECP immunosuppressive function. In vitro activity of the proteinase in ECP was temperature dependent: it was not detected in an 18-h digest at 4 and 17 °C but became readily apparent at 37 °C. Proteinase activity was detected at bacterial physiological temperatures (17 °C) in reactions incubated for several days. Under these conditions, digestion of partially purified p57, a major constituent of ECP and a major cell-surface protein, yielded a spectrum of breakdown products similar in molecular weight and antigenicity to those in ECP. This pattern of digestion suggests that most of the immunologically related constituents of ECP are p57 and its breakdown products. The proteolytic activity was sensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, methanol, and ethanol and to 10-min incubation at temperatures above 65 °C. Electrophoretic analysis of the proteinase on polyacrylamide gels containing proteinase substrates indicated the native form to be 100 kDa or greater. The enzyme was active against selected unrelated substrates only when coincubated with a denaturant (0.1% lauryl sulfate) and (or) a reducing agent (20 mM dithiothreitol). Key words: Renibacterium salmoninarum, proteinase, hemagglutinin, antigen F, bacterial kidney disease.
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Bandin, I., Y. Santos, D. W. Bruno, R. S. Raynard, A. E. Toranzo, and J. L. Barja. "Lack of Biological Activities in the Extracellular Products of Renibacterium salmoninarum." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-054.

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Evaluation in vivo and in vitro of the extracellular products (ECP) of a group of Renibacterium salmoninarum strains from different geographic origins revealed a low production of extracellular proteins in all strains and confirmed that most of the isolates were poor producers of proteolytic enzymes. The ECP displayed neither haemolytic activity nor capacity to alter the osmotic equilibrium of fish erythrocytes. In addition, none of the ECP samples displayed cytotoxic activities regardless of the origin of the cell line employed and did not contain substances lethal for fish, since no mortalities were recorded when doses ranging from 10 to 20 μg protein/g fish were administered. Although the present work failed to demonstrate toxicity in vivo of the ECP, it is possible that some extracellular enzymes contribute to the weakening of fish during the disease process and allow bacterial survival.
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Huang, C. Y., P. C. Liu, and K. K. Lee. "Withering Syndrome of the Small Abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, Is Caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Associated with Thermal Induction." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 56, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2001): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-9-1036.

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Abstract The susceptibility of the small abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta to Vibrio parahae­molyticus 880915 strain and its extracellular products (ECP) at different temperatures was investigated. The strain was previously isolated from the haemolymph of the moribund small abalone with withering syndrome during an outbreak of mass mortality among the cultured animals in September 1999 in I-Lan, Taiwan. The bacterium and its ECP were lethal to the small abalone. Onset of the withering syndrome in the moribund or dead animals could be observed at 4 -7 d post-bacterial challenge. The same bacterial strain could be isolated from the haemolymph of the moribund animals with or without the syndrome post-bacterial challenge. This syndrome could not be observed in the moribund or dead animals post-ECP challenge. The animals were more susceptible to the bacterium and ECP challenge at higher temperature (28 °C) indicating that the outbreak of the disease in warmer season is associated with thermal induction.
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Vu, Barbara, Miao Chen, Russell Crawford, and Elena Ivanova. "Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides Involved in Biofilm Formation." Molecules 14, no. 7 (July 13, 2009): 2535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules14072535.

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Soliman, Caroline, Gerald B. Pier, and Paul A. Ramsland. "Antibody recognition of bacterial surfaces and extracellular polysaccharides." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 62 (June 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2019.12.001.

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kumari, G. Sindhu, R. Rajila, S. Sujithra, M. Jenifer Tamizharasi, D. Beula shiny, and T. Kumaran. "Haemagglutinin And Chitinase Activities Of Virulent Aeromonas Hydrophila Islolated From Cyprinus Carpio." Journal of Community Pharmacy Practice, no. 11 (August 28, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jcpp11.4.8.

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In the present study the Hemeagglutination and Chitinolytic activity of extracellular products (ECP) secreted from Aeromonas hydrophila were examined. The present study showed infectivity experiments, incomplete creation of extracellular products and chitinase activity of the A. hydrophila. In haemagglutination assay in the present experiment, bacterial agglutination takes place in 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8,1:16,1:32 dilutions in the E.S-2 treated O blood groups and in 1:1,1:4 where as the ES -1and ES-3 failed to agglutinate. Generally, whole cells showed a wider range of enzymic activities than ECP. The results showed that extra cellular product chitin could be a promising source for pathogenic factor in microorganisms.
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Eriksson, L., and B. Alm. "Study of Flocculation Mechanisms by Observing Effects of a Complexing Agent on Activated Sludge Properties." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 7 (October 1, 1991): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0180.

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Electrostatic interactions between bacterial surfaces, extracellular polymers (ECP) and polyvalent metal ions are important in activated sludge flocculation. An indirect study of these mechanisms was done by adding different concentrations of EDTA to activated sludge samples from 6 Swedish wastewater treatment plants. The effects on sludge properties were studied with sedimentation and filtration tests as well as analysis of released extracellular polymers. EDTA had a significant effect on sedimentation velocity in all investigated sludges. This shows that charged polymers are important for the properties of the floc surfaces and in building up the sludge macroflocs. The effect on filtration resistance where the bulk properties of the primary flocs are more important varied considerably for the different sludges. Thus, both electrostatic and other interactions are involved to a varying extent in building up the primary flocs in the sludges investigated. Variations in sedimentation velocity, residual turbidity, filtration resistance and release of ECP with variations in EDTA concentrations could be explained by effects of polyvalent metal ions on ECP binding and conformation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extracellular Bacterial Polysaccharides (ECP)"

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Huang, Hexian. "Regulations of export and chain length of extracellular bacterial polysaccharides." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4441.

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Many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria produce an additional thick layer of carbohydrate polymers on the cell wall surface. These capsules (capsular polysaccharides; CPS) play critical roles in interactions between bacteria and their environments (Whitfield, 2006). This is especially important in infection processes since for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens CPS is the point of first contact with the host immune system (Whitfield, 2006). However, the details of CPS biosynthesis and assembly mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we embarked on structural and kinetic studies of the proteins Wzc, Wza and Wzb/ Cps4B from the Wzy-dependent pathway, as well as the protein WbdD from the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter dependent system. Full-length Wzc failed to crystallise due to the presence of large disordered regions and the overall difficulty of membrane protein crystallisation. A truncated version of Wzc (1-480) without the C-terminal tyrosine kinase domain was crystallised and diffracted to 15 Å in house. A previous study suggested Wza and Wzc form a functional complex (Whitfield, 2006), so Wza was also studied. Since the full-length Wza structure is available (C. Dong et al., 2006), Pulsed electron–electron double resonance spectroscopy (PELDOR) was used to study the conformational change. The PELDOR spectroscopy distance fingerprint of Wza was determined. These data also confirmed that PELDOR is a powerful tool to study large, highly symmetrical membrane proteins and can be used to study other complex membrane protein systems, such as ion channels or transporters. The crystal structure of Wzb the cognate phosphatase of Wzc was determined to 2.2 Å. Also Cps4B, which is a functional homologue of Wzb but has a completely unrelated sequence, was crystallised in two crystal forms. Form I and II Cps4B crystals diffracted to 2.8 Å and 1.9 Å resolution in house, respectively. The full-length WbdD failed to crystallise due to the presence of large disordered regions. Therefore, a shorter construct, WbdD₅₅₆ (1-556) was cloned and crystallised. The structure was determined to 2.2 Å. WbdD is a bifunctional enzyme consisting of a methyltransferase (MTase) and a kinase domain. In order to better understand the function of this protein, a variety of techniques were used, such as the ADP-Glo kinase assay, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray crystallography. The various findings in the current projects provide meaningful insights towards a better understanding of the CPS biosynthesis and assembly mechanisms, which may contribute to a more intensive study identifying inhibitors and beginning to unravel the mechanism of chain length regulation.
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Bahulikar, Rahul A. "Diatoms from littoral zone of Lake Constance diversity, phylogeny, extracellular polysaccharides and bacterial associations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-23773.

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Dag, Semiha. "Structural studies of some bacterial lipopolysaccharides and extracellular polysaccharides using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry /." Uppsala : Dept. of Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200545.pdf.

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Bahulikar, Rahul A. [Verfasser]. "Diatoms from littoral zone of Lake Constance : diversity, phylogeny, extracellular polysaccharides and bacterial associations / vorgelegt von Rahul A. Bahulikar." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988511835/34.

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Hami, Seno Djarot Sasongko. "Comparative analysis of two attachment variants of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/62572.

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The attachment of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens to surfaces was studied. B. fibrisolvens strain E14, sticky (S) and loose (L) that had been reported previously (Nili and Brooker 1995) were used as models. In preliminary studies, the two cell types were compared; studies included physical and growth characteristics in defined, solid or liquid medium containing various carbon sources, the presence of compounds that may induce or inhibit attachment, and their phenotypic stability. Extracellular protein, chromosomal DNA, plasmid and 16S rDNA profiles of the two variants were examined. Compared to the non-adhering L cells, the adhering S cells were shinier, spherical, more intensely pigmented (yellow), more firmly attached to the agar surface and could only be removed with scraping. After longer incubation, the cells were released from the agar but the colonies tended to stick together, and only became separable when further incubated. In contrast, the L cells were non spherical, loosely attached to the agar and separable at all stages of growth. In liquid medium, the S cells tended to clump during the early stages of growth, and be dispersed at later stages. The L cells were dispersed throughout the medium at all stages of growth. The phenotypes of the 2 variants were stable; both variants maintained their characteristics through multiple passages on solid and in liquid medium. The presence of molecules that induced attachment of S or inhibited attachment of L cells were not detected, but it was noted that S cells produced more extensive extracellular polymer than did L cells. The extracellular proteins, chromosomal DNA, endogenous plasmid, and 16S rDNA profiles of the two variants were identical, indicating that they were of the same species. The effect of attachment on nutrient utilisation was studied by comparing the growth of the two variants in various carbon or nitrogen sources, as well as their xylanase, CMCase and proteolytic activities. Although not significant, the attachment of S cells seemed to have a slight effect on nutrient utilisation, compared to L cells. The morphology of the variants were compared and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Extracellular polymer (EP) biosynthesis and attachment was studied using S and L samples prepared at various stages of growth. The effect of carbon source on morphology was studied using S and L samples prepared from cells grown in the presence of various carbon sources. The L cells seemed unable to spread EP to surfaces or to neighbouring cells, forming globular EP. Compared to other soluble carbon sources, cellobiose seemed to induce more globular (condensed) EP and less polymer spreading. It was also observed that EP might be secreted to the medium at stationary phase. The level of EP production as well as its monosaccharide and fatty acid composition between S and L cells was compared. The cell associated, secreted or total EP was isolated using gradient centrifugation, cell free medium (Stack 1988) or plate (Berri and Rollings 1995) methods, respectively. The effect of carbon source on the level of EP as well as the monosaccharide and fatty acid composition was also studied. The S cells tended to produce more EP than the L cells; the maximum ratio of EP production between S and L cells was approximately 2:1. There were no differences in the monosaccharide and fatty acid compositions between S and L EP, but the proportions of components did differ. This was most pronounced in lipid, especially C16:0 content, which was much higher in S than in L EP. Compared to other soluble carbon sources, less EP and reduced C16:0 was produced in cells grown on cellobiose. It was observed that the S and L EP behaved differently during phenol or water/methanolchloroform extraction, which suggested property differences between their EP. The C16:0 may reflect the presence of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and there were indications that there may be an association between LTA and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) in S but not in L EP. An attempt was made to isolate attachment gene(s). S chromosomal DNA was electroporated into competent E. coli or B. fibrisolvens E14 L cells using pBHerm plasmid as a vector. No sticky E. coli transformants were observed, but sticky-like transformants were observed from L cells that were transformed with S DNA. These transformants were stable through 5 passages under selection pressure (10 g/ml of erythromycin), although some revertants were observed after the 3rd passage when the passage was carried out without selection. Total chromosomal DNA and 16 S rDNA profiles of the transformants were identical to the original variants, and together with hybridisation analysis suggested that the transformants and the variants were related. There were indications that chromosomal integration occurred within the sticky-like transformants, probably due to homology between the donor and the host DNA. These studies have shown that B. fibrisolvens strain E14 S and L cells are closely related and that attachment of S cells is associated with characteristics and lipid content of their EP. Genetic complementation studies suggest that a change in attachment phenotype can be brought about by chromosomal integration.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2010
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Books on the topic "Extracellular Bacterial Polysaccharides (ECP)"

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Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: Characterization, structure, and function. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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(Editor), Jost Wingender, Thomas R. Neu (Editor), and Hans-Curt Flemming (Editor), eds. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Characterization, Structure and Function. Springer, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Extracellular Bacterial Polysaccharides (ECP)"

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Bazaka, Kateryna, Russell J. Crawford, Evgeny L. Nazarenko, and Elena P. Ivanova. "Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 213–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0940-9_13.

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Limoli, Dominique H., Christopher J. Jones, and Daniel J. Wozniak. "Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Biofilm Formation and Function." In Microbial Biofilms, 223–47. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817466.ch11.

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Rudolph, K., F. El-Banoby, and M. Gross. "Effects of Extracellular Polysaccharides on Bacterial Multiplication ‘In Planta’." In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 597–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_123.

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Pérez-Ramos, Adrian, Montserrat Nácher-Vázquez, Sara Notararigo, Paloma López, and Mª Luz Mohedano. "Current and Future Applications of Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides." In Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics, 329–44. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802189-7.00022-8.

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Lahiri, Dibyajit, Moupriya Nag, Bandita Dutta, Ankita Dey, and Rina Rani Ray. "Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides in biofilm formation and function." In Application of Biofilms in Applied Microbiology, 1–23. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90513-8.00003-0.

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Goswami, Rakesh, Bidyut Bandyopadhyay, and Sanjoy Sadhukhan. "Thermophilic Bacterial Exopolysaccharides." In Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles, 334–61. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9144-4.ch016.

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Bacterial exopolysaccharides have enormous diversity with valuable characteristics, synthesized by various pathways in extreme conditions like salinity, geothermal springs, or hydrothermal vents. Due to extreme environments, these microorganisms have various adaption principles (e.g., low pH, high temperature, high saltation, and high radiation). Exopolysaccharide is an organic compound produced by most bacteria during fermentation using various carbon sources, resulting in a jelly-like or mass network structure outside the cell wall. This biopolymer has an adherent cohesive layer throughout the cell layer. Hot spring bacterial polysaccharides contain diverse extracellular polymeric substances. With a gain in popularity in applications of thermophilic microbial polysaccharides and its demand in diverse value-added industrial products, this chapter aims to provide valuable information on the physicochemical function and biotechnological applications in the field of food, medical imaging, nano-drugs, bioremediation, cancer, anti-bacterial, tissue engineering, etc.
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Gilbert, Gregory S., and Ingrid M. Parker. "How to be a bacterium." In The Evolutionary Ecology of Plant Disease, 51–62. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797876.003.0005.

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Abstract Plant-associated bacteria are heterotrophic prokaryotes, forming a diversity of types of symbioses with plants. Bacteria reproduce through binary fission, and they achieve large population sizes very rapidly through exponential growth. Bacteria often grow in biofilms on plants or in soil, incorporating extracellular polysaccharides as structure. Quorum-sensing in bacterial colonies coordinates gene expression. Phytoplasmas are wall-less bacteria that form obligate symbioses inside plant cells, and can often disrupt plant growth. Bacterial growth is affected by temperature, moisture, and pH; bacteria can be obligately aerobic, obligately anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic. Many bacteria carry extrachromosomal plasmids that include genes useful in pathogenicity or tolerance to antibiotics. Plasmids can spread among unrelated bacteria, creating high rates of horizontal gene transfer; this results in a reticulate pattern of evolution. Bacteria have a diversity of secretory systems that are used not only to secrete enzymes to break down complex resources but to transfer toxins or other chemical into other bacteria or into plant host cells.
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Das, Theerthankar. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa Secreted Biomolecules and Their Diverse Functions in Biofilm Formation and Virulence." In Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Biofilm Formation, Infections and Treatments. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96866.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium accountable for causing life-threatening infections in humans. According to the World Health Organization, P. aeruginosa classified as a critical pathogen. Specifically, P. aeruginosa in its colonized or biofilm state presents a major infection threat to immunocompromised (HIV) patients, Cystic fibrosis, burns, wounds and surgery associated infection. It is also a common pathogen responsible for causing hospital acquired/nosocomial infection and Urinary tract infections. P. aeruginosa biofilm is made up of bacterial self-synthesized biomolecules includes extracellular DNA, polysaccharides, proteins, RNA, siderophores and metabolites such as pyocyanin. This chapter will elaborate the manifold functions of P. aeruginosa secreted biomolecules in establishing and stabilizing biofilms, triggering virulence and pathogenicity in host, and resisting antibiotics and antibacterial agents.
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Reports on the topic "Extracellular Bacterial Polysaccharides (ECP)"

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Gutnick, David, and David L. Coplin. Role of Exopolysaccharides in the Survival and Pathogenesis of the Fire Blight Bacterium, Erwinia amylovora. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568788.bard.

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Fireblight, a disease of apples and pears, is caused by Erwinia amylovora. Mutants of E. amylovora that do not produce the extreacellular polysaccharide (EPS), amylovoran, are avirulent. A similar EPS, stewartan, is produced by E. stewartii, which caused Stewart's wilt of corn, and which has also been implicated in the virulence of this strain. Both stewartan and amylovoran are type 1 capsular polysaccharides, typified by the colanic acid slime produced by Escherichia coli. Extracellular polysaccharide slime and capsules are important for the virulence of bacterial pathogens of plants and animals and to enhance their survival and dissemination outside of the host. The goals of this project were to examine the importance of polysaccharide structure on the pathogenicity and survival properties of three pathogenic bacteria: Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia stewartii and Escherichia coli. The project was a collaboration between the laboratories of Dr. Gutnick (PI, E. coli genetics and biochemistry), Dr. Coplin (co-PI, E. stewartii genetics) and Dr. Geider (unfunded collaborator, E. amylovora genetics and EPS analysis). Structural analysis of the EPSs, sequence analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters and site-directed mutagenesis of individual cps and ams genes revealed that the three gene clusters shared common features for polysaccharide polymerization, translocation, and precursor synthesis as well as in the modes of transcriptional regulation. Early EPS production resulted in decreased virulence, indicating that EPS, although required for pathogenicity, is anot always advantageous and pathogens must regulate its production carefully.
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