Academic literature on the topic 'Extra-organisational and global information systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Extra-organisational and global information systems"
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Shanks, Graeme, Nargiza Bekmamedova, and Leslie Willcocks. "Using Business Analytics for Strategic Alignment and Organisational Transformation." International Journal of Business Intelligence Research 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbir.2013070101.
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Organisations use business analytics (BA) systems to create value and provide competitive advantage. They frequently use BA systems to respond quickly to market changes and customer demand, and for market differentiation with better customer service and new types of products and services. The authors argue that BA systems can also enable alignment between business strategy and information technology (IT) strategy and support organisational transformation. The authors use a single case study to explain how a global data warehouse, standardized metrics and sophisticated reporting capabilities supported the strategic transformation of a diversified and multi-layered international mining company into a unified and integrated global organisation. They identify a number of core technology, management, culture, governance and people related capabilities that were crucial to the success of the global transformation initiative. Two important implications of the case study are the importance of BA systems in the alignment of IT and business strategy and the synergistic interaction of BA systems and other organizational resources in achieving benefits.
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Min, Hokey. "An inter-organisational decision support system for global supply chain management." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 38, no. 4 (2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2021.114760.
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Anitha, J., and M. Aruna. "Transformation towards Human Resource Information Systems." Journal of Management and Development Studies 26 (April 21, 2015): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmds.v26i0.24940.
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This paper has explored the various factors namely technological factors, organisational factors, environmental factors and psychological factors that influence in the adoption of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS). The purpose of the paper is to focus on the factors essential for the adaptability and capability of companies to accept the introduction of information systems like HRIS. The paper is descriptive in nature and the respondents are the users of HRIS in small, medium and large scale companies. The users are the employees, managers and executives of the information technology sector. The techniques of descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, correlation, and linear regression are used in the analysis to measure the existing level of the influential factors of HRIS. The environmental factor is found to have a profound influence on the adoption of HRIS. This implies that the competitiveness and external pressure are the vital forces for the company to sustain in the global environment and in adopting new technologies. As, this paper has focused only on the respondents from the information technology sector,it can be extended to manufacturing and automobile sectors for a comprehensive model development. The model developed can be considered as a main tool for an organisation for introducing new information systems like HRIS. This also encompasses specific components for successful adoption of HRIS.
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Sandhawalia, Birinder Singh, and Darren Dalcher. "The Dynamics of Growth within Global Organisations: Issues, Consequences and Implications." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 10, no. 02 (June 2011): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649211002870.
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An ever-accelerating rate of growth is altering the pace of change and making global organisations perform trade-offs in terms of organisational capabilities and quality of output. This paper reports on the empirical findings of a case study conducted at one of the world's largest software organisations and analyses the implications of rapid growth within global organisations. The paper further correlates the findings with the problems and issues confronting the world's largest automobile manufacturer, and establishes that growth needs to be planned to allow organisational capabilities and systems to support rapid expansion. Overall, the research highlights the important lessons learnt from accelerated growth within global organisations, and identifies the areas of future research required to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon.
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Buys, Pieter W. "Developing Corporate Strategies To Enable Resilience In The South African Information Systems And Technology Industry." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 5 (March 27, 2014): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.8467.
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Globalisation has contributed to many new challenges in the Information Systems and Technology (IS&T) industry, which placed increased pressure on organisational long-term sustainability. Just like their global counterparts, IS&T organisations in the South African marketplace also need to be cognisant of its competitive business environment in order to survive in a very competitive environment. However, in the dynamic business environment, organisational resilience becomes a crucial building block in achieving sustainability. The objective of this article is to identify and consider key factors in the South African IS&T industry that not only embraces a thorough understanding of the business environment, but also of corporate resilient strategies that may support its long-term sustainability. Based on a PEST and SWOT analysis, it was found that the local IS&T business environment, which includes the uncertain and unpredictable role of government together high-levels of crime and unemployment, makes for both challenging and promising times in the South African IS&T industry.
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Karlsson, Fredrik, Karin Hedström, Magnus Frostenson, Frans Prenkert, Ella Kolkowska, and Sven Helin. "Attempts to share information between public sector organisations over time: A case-based exploration of value conflicts." Information Polity 26, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ip-200234.
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Despite the importance of inter-organisational information sharing (IOIS) in the public sector, such endeavours often fail. Existing research has shown that the values held by collaborating organisations are one important factor affecting these kinds of initiatives. However, research has sought only to a limited extent to address how value conflicts come into play over time. Therefore, this paper aims to explore how conflicting values shape an inter-organisational information-sharing practice in the public sector over time. Using the local/global network framework, we analyse four years’ worth of information sharing in an inter-organisational advisory group in the context of Swedish nuclear waste management. We conclude that different value conflicts are emphasised to different extents at different points in time. That is, values do not uniformly affect IOIS activities, and such conflicts over time reduce the set of potential IOIS activities. We also conclude that when IOIS activities are driven by an individual organisation’s values, individual value rational activities may co-exist with a dysfunctional long-term IOIS practice.
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Giannakis, Mihalis, and Michalis Louis. "A multi-agent based system with big data processing for enhanced supply chain agility." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 29, no. 5 (September 12, 2016): 706–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-06-2015-0050.
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Purpose Decision support systems are becoming an indispensable tool for managing complex supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi-agent-based supply chain management system that incorporates big data analytics that can exert autonomous corrective control actions. The effects of the system on supply chain agility are explored. Design/methodology/approach For the development of the architecture of the system, a sequential approach is adopted. First three fundamental dimensions of supply chain agility are identified – responsiveness, flexibility and speed. Then the organisational design of the system is developed. The roles for each of the agents within the framework are defined and the interactions among these agents are modelled. Findings Applications of the model are discussed, to show how the proposed model can potentially provide enhanced levels in each of the dimensions of supply chain agility. Research limitations/implications The study shows how the multi-agent systems can assist to overcome the trade-off between supply chain agility and complexity of global supply chains. It also opens up a new research agenda for incorporation of big data and semantic web applications for the design of supply chain information systems. Practical implications The proposed information system provides integrated capabilities for production, supply chain event and disruption risk management under a collaborative basis. Originality/value A novel aspect in the design of multi-agent systems is introduced for inter-organisational processes, which incorporates semantic web information and a big data ontology in the agent society.
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Hickey, Patrick, and Eugene Kozlovski. "E-strategies for aftermarket facilitation in the global semiconductor manufacturing industry." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 33, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 457–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-05-2019-0124.
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PurposeThe paper presents one of the first attempts to identify and categorise the fundamental barriers currently preventing the multibillion semiconductor equipment manufacturing industry from implementing existing B2B e-trading models for its secondary market. It furthermore proposes a global e-business strategy supporting aftermarket integration with the industry's supply chain.Design/methodology/approachBecause of the global nature of the industry, the research employs a multiple case-study design to explore the state-of-the-art in semiconductor excess management. The data for this analysis are obtained through a number of in-depth interviews with experts from a cross-section of the industry, and further supplemented and validated with a systematic literature review and public corporate data.FindingsThe results indicate that significant market imperfections still exist in the industry due to information and knowledge deficits, organisational inefficiency and IP-related concerns. The considerable levels of third-party competition to the original equipment manufacturers raise questions about the existence and efficacy of reverse logistics processes and Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) management strategies in this industry. It has been shown that a leaner semiconductor supply chain is achievable through the implementation of the proposed B2B e-marketplace, maintaining the information exchange on the surplus/obsolete equipment and parts.Originality/valueThese outcomes are unique for supporting the design of the first global e-marketplace for the secondary semiconductor equipment and spares. The results can, furthermore, inform the standardisation of the semiconductor aftermarket transactions, streamline knowledge exchange mechanisms amongst different industry players and improve pricing strategies. These contribute to knowledge of principles allowing the aftermarket e-trading to become a key part of the value network in high-tech manufacturing industries.
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White, N. E. "Global Network Access and Publication of Survey Data." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 179 (1998): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900129377.
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The results of astronomical surveys include 1) catalogs containing anywhere from a few to many million objects, 2) data products used to generate the catalogs (e.g., images or spectra), 3) publications and 4) object based compilations of information from many sources. The ubiquitous growth in the Internet and the dramatic reduction in the cost of mass storage systems now allows instant global access to this information. Astrophysics on-line services have grown up with the Internet, and represent an invaluable resource whose access is a routine part of any research project. Unfortunately users are also faced with searching and accessing multiple sites with different content, access and response methods. There can also be inconsistencies amongst the various systems, which can involve extra effort to resolve. A network-integrated astrophysics system has long been sought because it would remove multiple user interfaces and allow much simpler integration of services. In an era of shrinking budgets, the issue is how to achieve this in a cost effective manner. This review gives an overview of the current situation and discusses the likely evolution towards a network-integrated astrophysics system.
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Luo, Kaiping, Jie Ma, and Qiuhong Zhao. "Enhanced self-adaptive global-best harmony search without any extra statistic and external archive." Information Sciences 482 (May 2019): 228–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.01.019.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Extra-organisational and global information systems"
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Gislen, Mikael. "Dysfunctional aspects of Software Development : An analysis of how lip-service, deception and organisational politics may side-track the result of well-intended methodologies." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5445.
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This paper tries to identify and understand the human social obstacles for developing quality software. These include lip-service, cutting corners, deception and effects of internal politics. These obstacles can undermine the good intentions behind the software methodologies. The paper draws from the literature in different disciplines and uses an ethnographic research methodology to create a rich picture of the concerning aspects in the framework of one software development company in India. What stands out among the findings are that internal audits has mainly focused on finding errors in documentation procedures but study of the actual practices has often been shallow. In addition the understanding of business risks by the internal auditors have often been weak. Context. The human based obstacles affecting Software Development Methodology analysed in the context of an ISO 9000 quality system in an Indian Software Development company working mainly with Swedish companies. Objectives. Identifying and increasing the understanding of intrinsic negative social aspects such as lip service, cheating and politics which are affecting the results of Software Development Methodologies and if possible suggest some means to mitigate them. In particular to create a deeper understanding of why people cheat and pay lip service to methodologies and to try to understand the political aspects of methodology and quality systems. There are other positive social aspects, but they are not considered since the objective is about understanding the negative aspects and possibly mitigate them. Methods. Ethnographic research using analysis of ISO 9000 and design artefacts, semi-structured interviews, participation in internal audits, Results. Most focus in audits was on documentation and very less focus on underlying methodologies, some indications of lip-service to process and processes were also mainly managed on a higher level in the organization while the understanding and practices were less well established on lower level. It was hard to get a grip on the internal political aspects since the perception of the subject in the informants view was that it is mainly malicious and therefore embarrassing to speak about. Some conflicts between internal quality goals and customers’ needs were also identified. Conclusions. An ethnographic research methodology gives a rich picture. The analysis gives deeper understanding of the problem areas, but not necessary solutions. The author suggests that at the heart of the problem is a difference in world view. Software professionals generally tend to resolve [technical] problems using a reductionist approach, while these intricate challenges cannot easily be resolved by this approach. A more holistic systemic approach is required and while the software methodology is useful to structure the development it does not resolve these dysfunctions. They have to be resolved on another level. It was also found that further studies is required in particular to better understand Internal politics, the effect of Positive and Negative Incentives, the effect of software metrics on quality performance and subjectivity in customers’ perception and expectation.Uppsatsen försöker förstå mänskliga sociala hinder för att utveckla programvara med hög kvalitet. Dessa hinder inkluderar "läpparnas bekännelser", ta genvägar, vilseleda och internpolitik. Sådana hinder kan underminera utvecklingsmetoder. Denna uppsats bygger på literatur från olika discipliner och använder etnografisk forskningsmetodik för att skapa en rik bild av dessa oroande aspekter inom ramen för ett IT-företag i Indien. Vad står ut är att intern kvalitetsrevision fokuserar för mycket på att finna fel i dokumentationsprocesser medan revision av hur utvecklingsarbetet faktiskt sker har varit för ytligt. Dessutom har de interna revisorernas förståelse av affärsrisker varit svag.
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Watters, Robyn. "The Organisational and Global Environments Relationship: An Investigation of the Key Factors." 2003. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/275/1/02whole.pdf.
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This thesis identifies a number of key factors of importance to business in making the transition to global activity. The findings show that these factors can be categorised in terms of enablers or inhibitors of global activity. These conclusions are drawn from a case study of a large securities company in the process of making the transition from a national to a global organisation. The research included an analysis of the subject matter expert views on issues relating to e-commerce, management, and global business. There was minimum research concerned explicitly with the combined factors e-commerce, management of information technology, the organisational structure and culture. Australian-based research had generally targeted Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs)use of e-commerce, rather than that of large organisations. The focus of this study was to investigate how the case study, being a large organisation, managed its information technology requirements within a multi-market environment. It sought first, to establish the practices and conduct commensurate with global business activity and second, to determine their influence on the organisation and the implementation of a global business solution. These findings will inform other organisations as to the how and why of implementing successful and robust organisational and global business relationships. It will provide an insight into a range of issues some of which might be conducive to their own organisational and global business requirements. This study comprised three stages. The first was an initial appraisal of the subject matter experts' views on issues covering global business solutions.The outcomes from this formed the basis of the interview guide used in the second stage, which was a series of open-ended interviews with the high-end decision makers from the participant company. The third stage was a subsequent review of the subject matter experts' views on issues that emerged from the interview data and documents provided by the participant company. Data derived from each of the investigations was categorised into themes using the recurring issues approach. A comparative analysis of this data (sourced from the literature, documents provided by the participant company and the interviews) provided a degree of triangulation by which the author could validate and justify the emergent issues. These issues form the 'Composite Enablers and Inhibitors Model'. What is revealed are the key enabling and inhibiting factors commensurate with, and impediments of, a global business solution for the securities industry. These findings make known the dynamism of the case study's organisational and global relationship. It demonstrates that the securities industry is devoid of a set of common business processes or a business culture that will allow the implementation of a comprehensive global solution. It brings to light the ramifications of the securities industry regulatory framework and its negative impact on the company's global objective. This suggests that there are notable barriers to global business, which have existed for some time. Companies moving into global markets should expect to undergo change and these changes will more than likely involve complex internal and external business relationships. Organisations should be prepared to restructure their operations in order to accommodate local and global business solutions. The diverse range of enabling and inhibiting factors that have emerged from this study suggests that the depth of global market change is very much dependent on an industry's regulatory framework and the jurisdictions of each country of operation. This raises the question about the obtainability of a truly global business solution.
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(9809138), Shakir Karim. "Analysing Bangladeshi consumers’ e-commerce security and privacy satisfaction in small to mid-sized enterprises (SMEs)." Thesis, 2017. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Analysing_Bangladeshi_consumers_e-commerce_security_and_privacy_satisfaction_in_small_to_mid-sized_enterprises_SMEs_/13444790.
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The world has entered the new millennium with great hopes. People understand that the world is very clearly changing in new forms of collaboration and interaction. Information Technology, and, in particular, e-commerce is playing a fundamental part in changing the old economy into a rapid new economy for this world. E-commerce has created a massive series of professional prospects for both organizations and entities from emerging countries to market the products and services overseas and earn foreign exchange for the countries. It is a fact that the majority of consumers use the Internet to complete their online buying and selling. Even if people do not directly shop the products online, shoppers believe a trustworthy business must have an e-commerce system.
While a significant number of e-commerce systems have been implemented effectively in special areas of business and industry in developed countries, a considerable number have been unsuccessful, especially in small to medium projects. No prior study has been found in the area of e-commerce security and privacy satisfaction of Bangladeshi SMEs.
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Watters, Robyn. "The Organisational and Global Environments Relationship: An Investigation of the Key Factors." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/275/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis identifies a number of key factors of importance to business in making the transition to global activity. The findings show that these factors can be categorised in terms of enablers or inhibitors of global activity. These conclusions are drawn from a case study of a large securities company in the process of making the transition from a national to a global organisation. The research included an analysis of the subject matter expert views on issues relating to e-commerce, management, and global business. There was minimum research concerned explicitly with the combined factors e-commerce, management of information technology, the organisational structure and culture. Australian-based research had generally targeted Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs)use of e-commerce, rather than that of large organisations. The focus of this study was to investigate how the case study, being a large organisation, managed its information technology requirements within a multi-market environment. It sought first, to establish the practices and conduct commensurate with global business activity and second, to determine their influence on the organisation and the implementation of a global business solution. These findings will inform other organisations as to the how and why of implementing successful and robust organisational and global business relationships. It will provide an insight into a range of issues some of which might be conducive to their own organisational and global business requirements. This study comprised three stages. The first was an initial appraisal of the subject matter experts' views on issues covering global business solutions.The outcomes from this formed the basis of the interview guide used in the second stage, which was a series of open-ended interviews with the high-end decision makers from the participant company. The third stage was a subsequent review of the subject matter experts' views on issues that emerged from the interview data and documents provided by the participant company. Data derived from each of the investigations was categorised into themes using the recurring issues approach. A comparative analysis of this data (sourced from the literature, documents provided by the participant company and the interviews) provided a degree of triangulation by which the author could validate and justify the emergent issues. These issues form the 'Composite Enablers and Inhibitors Model'. What is revealed are the key enabling and inhibiting factors commensurate with, and impediments of, a global business solution for the securities industry. These findings make known the dynamism of the case study's organisational and global relationship. It demonstrates that the securities industry is devoid of a set of common business processes or a business culture that will allow the implementation of a comprehensive global solution. It brings to light the ramifications of the securities industry regulatory framework and its negative impact on the company's global objective. This suggests that there are notable barriers to global business, which have existed for some time. Companies moving into global markets should expect to undergo change and these changes will more than likely involve complex internal and external business relationships. Organisations should be prepared to restructure their operations in order to accommodate local and global business solutions. The diverse range of enabling and inhibiting factors that have emerged from this study suggests that the depth of global market change is very much dependent on an industry's regulatory framework and the jurisdictions of each country of operation. This raises the question about the obtainability of a truly global business solution.
Books on the topic "Extra-organisational and global information systems"
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Dube, Opha Pauline. Climate Policy and Governance across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.605.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.Africa, a continent with the largest number of countries falling under the category of Least Developed Countries (LDCs), remains highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture that suffers from low intake of water, exacerbating the vulnerability to climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. The increasing frequency and severity of climate extremes impose major strains on the economies of these countries. The loss of livelihoods due to interaction of climate change with existing stressors is elevating internal and cross-border migration. The continent is experiencing rapid urbanization, and its cities represent the most vulnerable locations to climate change due in part to incapacitated local governance. Overall, the institutional capacity to coordinate, regulate, and facilitate development in Africa is weak. The general public is less empowered to hold government accountable. The rule of law, media, and other watchdog organizations, and systems of checks and balances are constrained in different ways, contributing to poor governance and resulting in low capacity to respond to climate risks.As a result, climate policy and governance are inseparable in Africa, and capacitating the government is as essential as establishing climate policy. With the highest level of vulnerability to climate change compared with the rest of the world, governance in Africa is pivotal in crafting and implementing viable climate policies.It is indisputable that African climate policy should focus first and foremost on adaptation to climate change. It is pertinent, therefore, to assess Africa’s governance ability to identify and address the continent’s needs for adaptation. One key aspect of effective climate policy is access to up-to-date and contextually relevant information that encompasses indigenous knowledge. African countries have endeavored to meet international requirements for reports such as the National Communications on Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerabilities and the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). However, the capacity to deliver on-time quality reports is lacking; also the implementation, in particular integration of adaptation plans into the overall development agenda, remains a challenge. There are a few successes, but overall adaptation operates mainly at project level. Furthermore, the capacity to access and effectively utilize availed international resources, such as extra funding or technology transfer, is limited in Africa.While the continent is an insignificant source of emissions on a global scale, a more forward looking climate policy would require integrating adaptation with mitigation to put in place a foundation for transformation of the development agenda, towards a low carbon driven economy. Such a futuristic approach calls for a comprehensive and robust climate policy governance that goes beyond climate to embrace the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Both governance and climate policy in Africa will need to be viewed broadly, encompassing the process of globalization, which has paved the way to a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. The question is, what should be the focus of climate policy and governance across Africa under the Anthropocene era?
Book chapters on the topic "Extra-organisational and global information systems"
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Kutvonen, Lea. "Service-Oriented Middleware for Managing Inter-Enterprise Collaborations." In Global Implications of Modern Enterprise Information Systems, 209–41. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-146-9.ch012.
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Participation in electronic business networks has become necessary for the success of enterprises. The strategic business needs for participating in multiple networks simultaneously and for managing changes in these networks are reflected as new requirements for the supporting computing facilities. The Pilarcos architecture addresses the needs of managed collaboration and interoperability of autonomous business services in an inter-organisational context. The Pilarcos B2B middleware is designed for lowering the cost and effort of collaboration establishment and to facilitate the management and maintenance of electronic business networks. The approach is a federated one: All business services are developed independently, and the provided B2B middleware services are used to ensure that technical, semantic, and pragmatic interoperability is maintained in the business network. In the architecture and middleware functionality design, attention has been given to the dynamic aspects and evolution of the network. This chapter discusses the concepts provided for application and business network creators, and the supporting middleware-level knowledge repositories for interoperability support.
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Cormack, Sandra, and Aileen Cater-Steel. "Prescription to Remedy the IT-Business Relationship." In Socio-Technical and Human Cognition Elements of Information Systems, 181–202. IGI Global, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-104-9.ch009.
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Even though organisations are highly dependent on information technology (IT), many organisations have reported an unhealthy relationship between business and IT professionals. Establishing an effective relationship between these two disparate groups is essential for organisational success in today’s competitive global economy. Despite many attempts to improve the IT-business relationship, tensions still exist. The cultural differences between business and IT have recently been blamed for these tensions. Through the application of relevant organisational behaviour theories, the cultural characteristics of the IT group that effect the IT-business relationship can be identified. Research shows that the IT culture is such that mutual benefits are not derived from the relationship, IT and business groups have a poor attitude towards cooperation, there is a lack of shared knowledge between business and IT, and there is a lack of organisational linkages between business and IT. As a starting point for reconciliation between business and IT, this chapter provides insights into how tensions in the IT-business relationship can be minimised through understanding and managing the IT culture.
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Fan, Ziyuan. "An Approach for Assessment of the Success of Cloud Systems Usage in Innovation." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 206–23. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6445-6.ch014.
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This chapter demonstrates an approach for assessment of the success of cloud systems usage in innovation on the basis of system abilities to differentiate between the various knowledge characteristics required for the innovation. The chapter also discusses the various success factors of cloud system for global innovation. The aim of this research is to demonstrate how cloud computing impacts in an organisation. This research also identifies the contributions of cloud computing to a modern organisation. Furthermore, several challenges which providers of Cloud System services are facing are presented. Problems in the process of implementation of cloud computing are found out which need to be settled in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organisational innovation.
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Gurau, Calin. "Business IT Systems Implementation." In Business Information Systems, 1234–42. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-969-9.ch076.
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The traditional channels of marketing are gradually being transformed by, or assimilated into, the global network represented by the Internet and modern information technology (IT) applications. Unfortunately, in most cases, the current IT systems are not fluid and dynamic enough to cope with ubiquitous customers who can contact the firm through a multitude of communication channels, such as mobile phones, Internet, or fax. The effective implementation of modern marketing strategies depends on the effective use of IT systems and procedures. Internet-based technology can facilitate information dissemination, file transformation, data mining, and processing (Roberts, Raymond, & Hazard, 2005), which creates opportunities for the development and implementation of efficient customer relationship management systems. On the other hand, the new information technologies can also be used to increase the employees’ satisfaction and productivity (Dorgan, 2003; Eichorn, 2004). Thus, the implementation and use of an efficient IT system for business and marketing activities becomes a fundamental task, which should be managed jointly by business specialists and IT professionals (Wierenga & Van Bruggen, 2000). Unfortunately, these opportunities are hindered by many challenges at organisational or managerial levels, such as defining and restructuring the internal and the external sources of information, centralising the marketing database, and integrating the IT and marketing procedures at operational level. Considering all these issues this paper attempts, on the basis of secondary data, to provide an overview of the main issues related with the implementation of IT systems in business organisations and the challenges related with the integration between information technology and marketing systems. After a brief presentation of the previous research on this topic, the paper presents the stages of a gradual integration of IT systems in a business organisation and proposes a theoretical model
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Koumaditis, Konstantinos, Marinos Themistocleous, and Vincenzo Morabito. "New Trends in Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) Integration." In Handbook of Research on ICTs for Human-Centered Healthcare and Social Care Services, 784–801. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3986-7.ch041.
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The aim of this chapter is to introduce Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) governance as a paradigm to integrate Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) and e-health services. Healthcare professionals, patients, policymakers, and business partners increasingly require the utilization and enhancement of e-health services at a global scale. However, traditional approaches to integrate services in Healthcare Information Systems expose issues of concern like complexity, resistance to change, and organisational issues. On the other hand, SOA assures an environment of cooperating services where application services are interwoven within old and new applications. Nevertheless, SOA’s nature to extend beyond the technical infrastructure to organization and human elements requires governance mechanisms to excel. SOA governance is a new research area that has the potential to assist in HIS integration. This chapter presents SOA governance aspect in a healthcare perspective and provides useful insights of an emerging issue.
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Lin, Angela, and Shin-Horng Chen. "Why Information Systems Replication Strategy Fails in Transnational Operation." In Management Science, Logistics, and Operations Research, 267–88. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4506-6.ch015.
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In search of cheaper resources and being able to serve nearby market more efficiently in order to maintain and improve their market position in a global economy, companies relocate, extend, or establish new production facilities overseas. Because of this, how to manage the Information Systems (IS) that support transitional activities within companies has become an important agenda not only in the business but also in the academic community. At a glance, replicating information systems and value chain that a company already has in the new facility overseas is seemingly a cheap and easy option. Nevertheless, in practice, it is not a trivial task, and at its worst, the IS can become obsolete. This chapter explains why replication strategy does not always work, and drawing on the practice lens approach, it posits that any changes in technology-in-use are the outcome of an ongoing structuring process where people constitute and reconstitute the structure of an IS in use. The chapter demonstrates that the structure of an IS is not defined a priori but emerges from daily use of the system, along with people’s understandings of the system, and of its role in the context of organisational routines. On this view, any challenges arising from the attempt to replicate the IS can be regarded as largely inevitable, since the structures embedded and enacted in the use of system, along with the practices that in turn recursively structure the use of the system would also have changed.
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Joshi, Somya, Michael Barrett, Geoff Walsham, and Sam Cappleman. "Balancing Local Knowledge Within Global Organizations Through Computer-Based Systems." In End-User Computing, 2200–2216. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-945-8.ch147.
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This article investigates how, and with what success, global organisations design computer-based systems for knowledge sharing which aim to balance centralised and standardised approaches against more diverse local needs. The empirical basis for the article is provided by an analysis of two different global organisations, each with its own knowledge-sharing infrastructure in place. We use third-generation activity theory as the theoretical basis for our analysis. The contributions from this article are twofold. The first is our theoretical lens, where activity theory is applied to the domain of global information systems and their organisational context. This analysis provides a new approach in addressing both the mediation of and motivations behind knowledge-sharing activity. The second contribution concerns the theoretical and practical insights this gives on the problems and challenges of achieving a balance between global and local priorities within highly distributed work contexts, and the role of computer-based systems in this arena.
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Ramachandran, Muthu. "Enterprise Security Framework for Enterprise Cloud Data Centres." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 435–58. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8210-8.ch018.
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Enterprise security is the key to achieve global information security in business and organisations. Enterprise Cloud computing is a new paradigm for that enterprise where businesses need to be secured. However, this new trend needs to be more systematic with respect to Enterprise Cloud security. This chapter has developed a framework for enterprise security to analyze and model Enterprise Cloud organisational security of the Enterprise Cloud and its data. In particular, Enterprise Cloud data & Enterprise Cloud storage technologies (Amazon s3, Drop Box, Google Drive, etc.) have now become a normal practice for almost every computing user's. Therefore, building trust for Enterprise Cloud users should be the one of the main focuses of Enterprise Cloud computing research. This chapter has developed a framework for enterprises which comprises of two models of businesses: Enterprise Cloud provider enterprise model and Enterprise Cloud consumer enterprise model.
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Vrazalic, Lejla, and Deborah Bunker. "Networks and Electronic Commerce Adoption in Small Businesses." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 2085–94. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch368.
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The adoption and diffusion of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in small businesses remains a critical area of investigation in information systems (IS) literature. A number of studies (Miles, Preece, & Baetz, 1999; Overby & Min, 2001) have suggested that in order to accommodate a technologically uncertain and globally focussed economy brought on by the advent of e-commerce, many small businesses are turning toward some form of alliance or network where the locus of the impact of change is interorganisational rather than organisational. Alliances or networks are formed entities that have a defined set of shared values, roles, responsibilities, and governance. Through involvement in such networks, small businesses not only find a ready source of technical and marketing expertise, but the very nature of the network “buffers” the impact of global market turbulence. This would suggest that belonging to a network is an important indicator of successful e-commerce adoption. However, a number of authors (Drakopoulou-Dodd, Jack, & Anderson, 2002; Dennis, 2000; McBer & Company as cited in Dennis, 2000) have found that many small businesses avoid network arrangements. Despite the widespread existence of networks, no research studies to date have formally compared networked and nonnetworked small businesses in relation to e-commerce adoption. This article presents the results of an exploratory study that aims to correct this oversight.
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Takasugi, Naoshi. "E-Commerce and Dispute Resolution." In Electronic Business, 2514–29. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch153.
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When a dispute arises from e-commerce involving parties located in different nations, the parties immediately face conflict-of-laws issues such as judicial jurisdiction, applicable law, and extra-territorial effects of judgments. Taking into consideration that there is no unified conflicts law rules in the global level and, if any, the conflicts rules are usually based on the traditional international transactions, this chapter tries to discuss the dispute resolution systems suitable for e-commerce, especially for computer information transactions. As the result of the discussion, it becomes clear that further enhancement of a worldwide dispute resolution system suitable for e-commerce is desirable. In establishing a new system, the 1999 Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the context of electronic commerce, approved by the OECD, gives much inspiration. It is essential to balance between small-middle sized business entities and consumers, and between freedom and regulation.
Conference papers on the topic "Extra-organisational and global information systems"
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Rettore, Paulo Henrique Lopes, Guilherme Maia, Leandro A. Villas, and Antonio A. F. Loureiro. "Fusion on Vehicular Data Space: An Approach to Smart Mobility." In XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2020.12418.
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Urban mobility aspects have become a challenge with the constant growth of the global population. As a consequence of such increase, more data has become available, which allows new information technologies to improve the mobility systems, especially the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). However, the development of new applications and services for the ITS environment, improving the mobility, depending on the availability of vast amounts of data, despite its currently slow availability. This thesis aims to explore data from a vast number of sources from the ITS context to provide directions to improve mobility in cities. However, a substantial challenge emerges when we combine multiple data sources, increasing the data aspects as spatiotemporal coverage, which affects the development of Smart Mobility (SM) solutions. In this sense, we investigate solutions to improve the data quality of transportation systems, providing applications and services, enabling Intra-Vehicle Data (IVD) and Extra-Vehicle Data (EVD) fusion to enrich the raw data. We design a heterogeneous data fusion platform to SM, aiming to fuse those data considering their aspects, highlighting the most relevant methods and techniques to achieve the application goals.
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El-Damaty, Waleed, and Mohamed Gadalla. "Exergoeconomic Analysis of Intercooled, Reheated and Recuperated Gas Turbine Cycles With Air Film Blade Cooling." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88483.
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For many years, thermodynamic analysis was considered to be the principal tool that is used to predict the performance of a power plant. Recently, the environmental effect and the cost of power plants have been considered as important as the thermodynamic performance in design of power plants. Thus, researchers started to adopt a relevantly new approach called the exergoeconomic analysis which combines the thermodynamic technicalities as well as the economic analysis to design power plants. The exergoeconomic analysis provides crucial information that helps in foreseeing not only the thermodynamic performance but also all economic variables related to power plants. Increasing the efficiency of the power plant has been the major concern in power plants. Thus, the global approach of reaching high turbine inlet temperatures to improve the efficiency of power plants, has exposed the turbine blades to some serious problems. Thereby, cooling the turbine blades has become an important aspect that needs to be taken care of during the power plant operation. In this paper, a cooled gas turbine with intercooler, recuperator and reheater is adopted where it is incorporated with a cooling system. An exergoeconomic analysis accompanied by a sensitivity analysis was performed on the gas turbine cycle to determine the exergo-economic factor and the relative cost difference in addition to study the effect of different variables on the gas turbine thermal and exergetic efficiency, net specific work and the total cost rate. Average cost theory approach was adopted from various thermo-economic methodologies to determine the cost calculation during this investigation. The results showed a reduction in the total coolant mass flow rate in the base case where no cooling systems are integrated from 3.349 kg/s to 3.01 kg/s, 2.995 kg/s and 2.977 kg/s in the case of integrating the cooling systems triple stage Maisotsenko desiccant, triple stage precooling Maisotsenko desiccant and triple stage extra cooling Maisotsenko desiccant, respectively. Accordingly, the thermal efficiency has increased to reach 52.69%, 52.89% and 53.12% by the integration of TS-MD, TS-PMD and TS-EMD cooling systems, respectively.
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Panisson, Alison R., Peter McBurney, and Rafael H. Bordini. "Towards an Enthymeme-Based Communication Framework in Multi-Agent Systems." In 19th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2022}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/27.
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Communication is one of the most important aspects of multi-agent systems. Among the different communication techniques applied to multi-agent systems, argumentation-based approaches have received special interest from the community, because allowing agents to exchange arguments provides a rich form of communication. In contrast to the benefits that argumentation-based techniques provide to multi-agent communication, extra weight on the communication infrastructure results from the additional information exchanged by agents, which could restrict the practical use of such techniques. In this work, we propose an argumentation framework whereby agents are able to exchange shorter messages when engaging in dialogues by omitting information that is common knowledge (e.g., information about a shared multi-agent organisation). In particular, we focus on using enthymemes, shared argumentation schemes (i.e., reasoning patterns from which arguments are instantiated), and common organisational knowledge to build an enthymeme-based communication framework. We show that our approach addresses some of Grice's maxims, in particular that agents can be brief in communication, without any loss in the content of the intended arguments.
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Chen, Yiyu, Abhinav Pandey, Zhiwei Deng, Anthony Nguyen, Ruiqi Wang, Pornrawee Thonapalin, Quan Nguyen, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "A Semi-Autonomous Quadruped Robot for Performing Disinfection in Cluttered Environments." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70850.
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Abstract The global COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably made disinfection a daily routine to ensure the safety of public and private spaces. However, the existing disinfection procedures are time-consuming and require intensive human labor to apply chemical-based disinfectant onto contaminated surfaces. In this paper, a robot disinfection system is presented to increase the automation of the disinfection task to assist humans in performing routine disinfection safely and efficiently. This paper presents a semi-autonomous quadruped robot called LASER-D for performing disinfection in cluttered environments. The robot is equipped with a spray-based disinfection system and leverages the body motion to control the spray action without an extra stabilization mechanism. The spraying unit is mounted on the robot’s back and controlled by the robot computer. The control architecture is designed based on force control, resulting in navigating rough terrains and the flexibility in controlling the body motion during standing and walking for the disinfection task. The robot also uses the vision system to improve localization and maintain desired distance to the disinfection surface. The system incorporates image processing capability to evaluate disinfected regions with high accuracy. This feedback is then used to adjust the disinfection plan to guarantee that all assigned areas are disinfected properly. The system is also equipped with highly integrated simulation software to design, simulate and evaluate disinfection plans effectively. This work has allowed the robot to successfully carry out effective disinfection experiments while safely traversing through cluttered environments, climb stairs/slopes, and navigate on slippery surfaces.
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Wang, Qian, Jatin Goyal, Beshah Ayalew, and Amandeep Singh. "Control Allocation for Multi-Axle Hub Motor Driven Land Vehicles With Active Steering." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59509.
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Multi-axle land vehicles with independent drive actuation on multiple axles offer improved stability and traction on various road surfaces. This is possible by exploiting the redundancy of the drive system to generate additional yaw moment and to maximize the utilization of individual tire-road contacts without significant extra power consumption by the drive motors. This paper aims at improving the efficiency of torque allocation with the addition of active steering while enhancing the dynamic performance of the independent hub motor driven multi-axle vehicles. The control algorithm outlined here employs a two-level scheme. The higher level computes the desired global control efforts that are needed to track the reference yaw rate and slip angle state responses generated by a reference vehicle model, and the lower level executes optimal control allocation with a cost function that simultaneously takes into account 1) maximization of the tire utilization on all axles considering dominant tire nonlinearities, and 2) minimization of the actuation efforts of the active steering system and the distributed motor torques. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified via comparison of the simulations of the control allocation scheme applied to a high fidelity multi-axle vehicle under several aggressive test maneuvers with different actuation configurations. The results suggest that the addition of active steering provides lower actuator power consumption and tire usage while ensuring enhanced lateral and longitudinal dynamic performance for the vehicle.
Reports on the topic "Extra-organisational and global information systems"
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.