Relevant bibliographies by topics / Extinction (Psychology)

Academic literature on the topic 'Extinction (Psychology)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Extinction (Psychology)"

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Mitchell, Annie, Shira Rub, and Tony Wainwright. "Demanding disruption: Extinction Rebellion and changing psychology." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 319 (July 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2019.1.319.28.

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This invited article was completed in April, just one week before the planned, high profile, disruptive activities of Extinction Rebellion (www.xrebellion.org), a new social movement committed to driving social and political change in light of the current environmental and climate crisis. We aim to raise awareness of the movement and its implications for us as clinical psychologists.‘It is worse, much worse, than you think.’ (Wallace-Wells, 2019)‘Extinction Rebellion-4’ by Julia Hawkins (www.flickr.com/photos/8716204@N06). Published under creative Commons Licence Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0).
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Watling, Rosamond, James Danckert, Karina J. Linnell, and Gianna Cocchini. "Extinction and anti-extinction: The “attentional waiting” hypothesis." Neuropsychology 27, no. 2 (2013): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031866.

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Bell, Matthew C., and William M. Baum. "Resistance to extinction versus extinction as discrimination." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 115, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 702–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.688.

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Rosmawaty. "The Extinction of Local Language: a Literature Psychology Review." LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature 3, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v3i1.622.

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This paper tries to discuss theoretically about the relationship between language and nationalism towards the extinction of local languages in Indonesia which has become a trend appearing in the movement in critical symptoms of dynomia that involves national culture and local culture with a literature psychology approach. The psychoanalytic review of the extinction of local languages is to view the extinction of language psychologically in the notion of macro functions of language according to Garvin and Mathiot (1956) who say that language as (1) unifying and (2) separator. Some implications in this paper are tried to be drawn: (1) local culture (theoretically) will also become extinct along with the extinction of local languages; (2) the possibility of the provincialism emergence (and the implication of the separatist movements) is reduced: (3) The cost of maintaining the local languages can be eliminated and the cost of learning the national language can be concentrated on planning and learning Indonesian language so that this language reaches the level of a modern and effective language; (5) all efforts can be concentrated against the domination of English over the national language; (6) the sense of nationality of the Indonesian people will become stronger, and (7) cultural diversity will decrease. Without such policies, languages can die or become extinct naturally. In this case, the cause is the existence of language competition and the competition that used to be monolingual.
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Calef, Richard S., Michael C. Choban, Katherine R. Glenney, Ruth A. Calef, Erik Schmitt, Sarah Hinte, Megan Clegg, Joseph E. Kraynok, and Sallie D. Richards. "Perseveration of the Partial Reinforcement Effect in Extinction with Rats over Two Phases of Extinction and Two Stages of Continuous Reinforcement." Psychological Reports 100, no. 1 (February 2007): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.1.101-107.

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One group of 10 male albino rats was given partial reinforcement while the other 10 rats received continuous reinforcement in a straight alley. Subjects then experienced five consecutive stages of Extinction 1, Continuous Reinforcement 1, Extinction 2, Continuous Reinforcement 2, and finally, Extinction 3. Analysis showed the partial reinforcement effect in extinction was sustained over two stages of extinction and two stages of continuous reinforcement, since subjects receiving partial reinforcement ran faster than rats given continuous reinforcement throughout all three of the extinction periods. The results seem to support those of Amsel's (1967) and Capaldi's (1967) theoretical formulations of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction.
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Cocchini, Gianna, Roberto Cubelli, Sergio Della Sala, and Nicoletta Beschin. "Neglect Without Extinction." Cortex 35, no. 3 (January 1999): 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70802-5.

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Nishiyama, Ryoji. "Evaluation during the extinction procedure causes extinction in evaluative conditioning." Learning and Motivation 69 (February 2020): 101600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2019.101600.

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Weinstein, Edwin A. "Hemineglect and extinction." Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602019408402288.

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Bustamante, Javier, Consuelo San Martín, Mario A. Laborda, and Gonzalo Miguez. "An extinction cue does not necessarily prevent response recovery after extinction." Learning and Motivation 67 (August 2019): 101576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2019.101576.

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Kakade, Sham, and Peter Dayan. "Acquisition and extinction in autoshaping." Psychological Review 109, no. 3 (2002): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.109.3.533.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extinction (Psychology)"

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Barnard, Linda L. "The Effects of Conditioned Reinforcers on Extinction When Delivered on Schedules of Extinction." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5985.

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The purpose of the present research was to examine extinction of responding with regard to the rapidity and thoroughness of the process when conditioned reinforcement was available on one of five schedules during extinction. Forty-five mixed-breed pigeons served as subjects with 15 in each of three experiments. Reinforcement training schedules were as follows: Experiment 1, continuous; Experiment 2, fixed ratio 15; Experiment 3, variable-interval one-minute. After training, subjects experienced one of five extinction procedures (here called schedules of extinction) which were as follows: traditional schedule without keylight did not provide conditioned reinforcement; traditional with keylight had the keylight on continuously but withheld other conditioned reinforcement (no schedule, per se, was used); the remaining three schedules (i.e., continuous, fixed ratio 15, and variable-interval one-minute) provided the following four conditioned reinforcers: the sound of the food magazine, the hopper light, the sight of food, and the keylight. Predictions for responding were based on the discrimination hypothesis which states that the more alike training and extinction conditions are, the slower the process of extinction. In order to compare response rates among subjects, a percentage of baseline responding was computed. Four spontaneous recovery tests were conducted to measure the thoroughness of the extinction procedures. Results did not support predictions based on the discrimination hypothesis; that is, subject response rates did not appear to be affected by the similarity of the extinction condition to previous training history. The second finding was that the most rapid and thorough extinction was obtained when the extinction schedule was traditional without keylight. When conditioned reinforcement was available, the continuous extinction schedule produced the most rapid and thorough extinction. The third major finding was that the schedule of unconditioned reinforcement was more predictive of extinction responding than was the conditioned reinforcement schedule during extinction. The last finding was that a subject's pattern of responding was typical of the schedule whether it was on an unconditioned or a conditioned reinforcement schedule. It is suggested that extinction-of-a-human-intervention strategies might be more effective if conditioned reinforcement was identified and controlled.
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Kim, Jee Hyun Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Extinction of conditioned fear in the developing rat." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41106.

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The present thesis examined extinction of conditioned fear in the developing rat. In the adult rat, the hippocampus is thought to be important for the context-specificity of extinction. Because the hippocampus is a late-maturing structure, it was hypothesised that context-modulation of extinction may be different across development. The first series of experiments investigated reinstatement of extinguished fear in the developing rat (Chapter 2). The results showed that P24 rats exhibited context-specific reinstatement. On the other hand, P17 rats did not exhibit reinstatement of extinguished fear following a US reminder treatment. The failure to see reinstatement in P17 rats was not due to the reminder treatment being ineffective in these rats because the same treatment alleviated spontaneous forgetting in rat this age. The second series of experiments then examined the renewal effect and GABAergic involvement in extinction in P24 and P17 rats (Chapter 3). It was observed that P24 rats displayed renewal whereas P17 rats did not. Also, pre-test injection of FG7142 recovered extinguished fear in P24 rats but not in P17 rats, even across a range of doses. This failure to see any FG7142 effect on extinction in P17 rats was not due to the lack of responsiveness to this drug in these rats because FG7142 was found to be effective in alleviating spontaneous forgetting in rats this age. The third series of experiments then examined the effect of temporary inactivation of the amygdala on extinction and re-extinction in the developing rat (Chapter 4). It was observed that extinction retention is impaired in both P24 and P17 rats if the amygdala is inactivated during extinction training. Interestingly, when a CS that had been previously extinguished and then re-trained was re-extinguished, re-extinction was amygdala-independent if initial extinction occurred at 24 days of age but amygdala-dependent if initial extinction occurred at 17 days of age. That is, amygdala involvement in re-extinction was dissociated across development. Taken together, these experiments provide strong evidence for fundamental differences in mechanisms underlying fear extinction across development. The implications of the findings were discussed in light of the theoretical and neural models of extinction.
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McCullough, Trevor. "Intracerebroventricular chlordiazepoxide and the partial reinforcement extinction effect." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284859.

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Anderson, Richard L. "The Effects of Extinction on Human Performance Following Exposure to Fixed Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2547/.

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This experiment examined the effects of extinction on rate of responding and several topographical and temporal measures in adult humans. Three college students were trained to type the sequence 1•5•3 on a numeric keypad on a computer. The subjects were exposed to different fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement (FR1, FR 5, and FR10 respectively) and extinction. Subjects displayed typical schedule performances during the maintenance phase of the experiment. During extinction the performances were disrupted, they showed a "break and run" pattern and a general decrease in responding. Also, new topographical and temporal patterns emerged. These data are consistent with those reported for non-human species and special human populations.
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Neff, Bryon (Bryon R. ). "Examining the Relationship between Variability in Acquisition and Variability in Extinction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279279/.

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Using the "revealed operant" technique, variability during acquisition and extinction was examined with measures of response rate and a detailed analysis of response topography. During acquisition, subjects learned to emit four response patterns. A continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF) for 100 repetitions was used for each pattern and a 30 min extinction phase immediately followed. One group of subjects learned the response patterns via a "trial-and-error" method. This resulted in a wide range of variability during acquisition and extinction. Only one subject emitted a substantial amount of resurgent behavior. A second group of subjects was given instructions on what keys to press to earn reinforcers. This group had less variability in acquisition and extinction and resurgent responding was prevalent.
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Rogers, Valerie R. "Extinction-induced variability in young children with autism /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1455657.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.
"May 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-34). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Baetu, Irina. "Associative and inferential accounts of extinction and blocking in causal learning." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86641.

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The experiments reported here investigated the cognitive processes involved in causal reasoning. Participants were required to learn the causal relationships between various cues and an outcome by observing several trials informing them of their presence or absence. From this information they had to deduce whether each cue caused the outcome or prevented it from occurring. The contingency between cues and outcomes was either positive (the outcome was more likely in the presence of the cue), negative (the outcome was less likely in the presence of the cue), or zero. Two types of theory were tested: inferential and associative theories. According to inferential theories people infer whether a causal relationship exists between a cue and the outcome by applying logical reasoning. For example, they might use various assumptions in order to infer which cue caused the outcome when several possible cues are present. One possible assumption might be that causes have additive effects (i.e., two causes should generate a greater outcome than a single cause). Associative theories, on the other hand, posit that the perception of a causal relationship is generated by the formation of an association between the cognitive representations of the various cues and the outcome. This association might be gradually strengthened by pairings of the two events, and does not depend on formal logic or specific assumptions. The present experiments tested the predictions of associative and inferential theories about positive and negative cue-outcome contingencies. In addition, the instructions were more neutral than in previous studies and the learning task more complex. This was done to render the learning situation more similar to real-life causal attribution and to avoid contaminating the manipulations with previously learned causal models. Although previous studies found evidence supporting inferential theories, the experiments tend to support associative theories. I argue that everyday
Le but des expériences décrites dans cette thèse était d'étudier les processus par lesquels les gens perçoivent la causalité. Les participants ont évalué les relations causales entre plusieurs causes possibles et un effet après avoir observé des essais qui les informaient de la présence ou l'absence de ces événements. À partir de cette information ils devaient déduire si chaque cause potentielle causait ou prévenait l'apparition de l'effet. La contingence entre chaque cause et l'effet était soit positive (l'effet apparaissait plus souvent quand la cause était présente), soit négative (l'effet apparaissait moins souvent quand la cause était présente), soit zéro. Ces expériences ont testé deux types de théorie: les théories déductives et les théories associatives. D'après les théories déductives les gens perçoivent la causalité suite à un raisonnement logique. Selon ce type de théorie les gens font diverses suppositions lorsque plusieurs causes possibles surviennent en même temps. Par exemple, ils pourraient supposer que les causes ont un effet additif (c.-à-d. deux causes devraient générer un effet plus grand qu'une seule cause). Les théories associatives, par contre, postulent que la perception causale est générée par une association entre les représentations cognitives des événements. Cette association est renforcée graduellement lorsque les événements surviennent simultanément, mais elle n'est pas influencée par le raisonnement logique. Les expériences décrites ici ont testé les théories déductives et associatives en utilisant des contigences positives et négatives entre les causes et l'effet. De plus, les instructions étaient plus neutres que celles utilisées dans les études précédentes et la tâche d'apprentissage était plus complexe. Le but de ces changements par rapport aux études précédentes était de rendre la situation d'apprentissage plus réaliste. Les résultats des études précéden
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Maxwell, Megan E. "The relative efficacy of three procedures for reducing canine responding." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5567.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 61 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-61).
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Mcguire, Joseph F. "Fear Conditioning and Extinction in Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5741.

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Fear conditioning and extinction are central in the cognitive behavioral model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which underlies exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Youth with OCD may have impairments in conditioning and extinction that carries treatment implications. The present study examined these processes using a differential conditioning paradigm. Forty-one youth (19 OCD, 22 community controls) and their parents completed a battery of clinical interviews, rating scales, and a differential conditioning task. Skin conductance response (SCR) served as the primary dependent measure across all three phases of the conditioning procedure (habituation, acquisition, and extinction). During habituation, no meaningful differences were observed between groups. During acquisition, differential fear conditioning was identified across groups evidenced by larger SCRs to the CS+ compared to CS-, with no significant group differences. During extinction, a three-way interaction and follow-up tests revealed youth with OCD failed to exhibit differential fear conditioning during early fear extinction; whereas community controls consistently exhibited differential fear conditioning throughout extinction. Across participants, the number and frequency of OCD symptoms was positively associated with fear acquisition and negatively associated with fear extinction to the conditioned stimulus. OCD symptom severity was negatively associated with differential SCR in early extinction. Youth with OCD exhibit a different pattern of fear extinction relative to community controls that may be accounted for by impaired inhibitory learning in early fear extinction. Findings suggest the potential benefit of augmentative retraining interventions prior to CBT. Therapeutic approaches to utilize inhibitory-learning principles and/or engage developmentally appropriate brain regions during exposures may serve to maximize CBT outcomes.
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Harmony, Zachary Robert. "EFFECTS OF NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON METHAMPHETAMINE ORAL SELF-ADMINISTRATION, EXTINCTION, AND REINSTATEMENT IN ADOLESCENT RATS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/595.

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Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental period in regards to drug initiation and use. The gateway hypothesis suggests that adolescent cigarette smoking may result in a heightened risk for methamphetamine use. However, little is understood about the role of nicotine on adolescent methamphetamine addiction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether early, late, or continuous adolescent nicotine exposure would alter oral methamphetamine self-administration, extinction, or reinstatement. A total of 164 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with saline or nicotine (0.16, or 0.64 mg/kg, sc) beginning on postnatal day (PD) 25 for 10 consecutive days. On PD 35, rats in the 0.16 and 0.64 mg/kg pretreatment groups were evenly divided and assigned to a group that either continued to receive the same nicotine dose they received as adolescents or saline. Rats that had received saline as adolescents were divided into three equal groups, where they received 0.16 or 0.64 mg/kg nicotine or continued to receive saline injections. Drug treatments starting on PD 35 continued until the end of the experiment. Thus, there were a total of 7 groups: SAL–SAL, 0.16–0.16, 0.16–SAL, SAL-0.16, 0.64–0.64, 0.64–SAL, SAL-0.64. On PD 35, all rats began nose poke training. Rats were exposed to a methamphetamine fade in, sucrose fade out procedure across 5 different methamphetamine-sucrose combinations. This procedure resulted in exposure to a 40 mg/l methamphetamine solution for 3 consecutive days on a FR2 schedule. Following the last day of methamphetamine self-administration, rats were exposed to extinction training. Once the extinction criteria were met, rats were given a priming injection of methamphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, ip). Data from the present investigation revealed two main important findings: a) acquisition of oral methamphetamine self-administration can be attained in adolescent rats; and b) adolescent nicotine exposure differentially alters oral methamphetamine self-administration. Exposure to a low dose of nicotine (0.16 mg/kg), but not a high dose of nicotine (0.64 mg/kg), attenuated consumption and responding for methamphetamine during self-administration. During the extinction and reinstatement periods, we found that nicotine (0.16 or 0.64 mg/kg) exposure did not alter consumption or responding for methamphetamine. Female rats showed augmented total active nose pokes and active nose pokes within the reinforcement period compared to male rats. Conversely, male rats showed augmented sucrose and methamphetamine solution consumption across methamphetamine acquisition sessions 1–6. These data suggest that for adolescents who already present moderate cigarette smoking behavior at the time of methamphetamine cessation treatment, total abstinence from both nicotine and methamphetamine may be a less effective form of treatment. It may be clinically beneficial to first treat the methamphetamine addiction, and subsequently treat the nicotine addiction. Regardless of the method of treatment for adolescent methamphetamine addiction, nicotine exposure should be closely monitored.
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Books on the topic "Extinction (Psychology)"

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C, Hall Marilyn, ed. How to use planned ignoring (extinction). 2nd ed. Austin, Tex: Pro-Ed, 1998.

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The anthropology of extinction: Essays on culture and species death. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012.

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McCahill, Peter. Cue extinction: In-service training curriculum. Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Science Policy, Education, and Legislation, Community and Professional Education Branch, 1993.

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McCahill, Peter. Cue extinction: In-service training curriculum. Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Science Policy, Education, and Legislation, Community and Professional Education Branch, 1993.

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McCahill, Peter. Cue extinction: In-service training curriculum. Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Science Policy, Education, and Legislation, Community and Professional Education Branch, 1993.

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McCahill, Peter. Cue extinction: In-service training curriculum. Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Science Policy, Education, and Legislation, Community and Professional Education Branch, 1993.

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McCahill, Peter. Cue extinction: Handbook for program administrators. Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Science Policy, Education, and Legislation, Communityand Professional Education Branch, 1993.

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McCahill, Peter. Cue extinction: In-service training curriculum. Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Science Policy, Education, and Legislation, Community and Professional Education Branch, 1993.

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Kaplan, Joseph S. Kid mod: Empowering children and youth through instruction in the use of reinforcement principles. Austin, Tex: Pro-Ed, 1996.

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Psycheresponse: Psychological skills for optimal performance by emergency responders. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Regents/Prentice Hall, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Extinction (Psychology)"

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Singer, Thomas. "Extinction anxiety." In Political Passions and Jungian Psychology, 13–19. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429291845-3.

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Stein, Howard F. "Adapting to Doom: The Group Psychology of an Organization Threatened with Cultural Extinction." In Contributions to Management Science, 325–61. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12847-3_18.

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"Extinction." In Psychology at the Turn of the Millennium, Volume 1, 216–41. Psychology Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203989418-19.

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Nezu, Christine Maguth, Christopher R. Martell, and Arthur M. Nezu. "Applied Behavioral Analytic Interventions." In Specialty Competencies in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology, 117–21. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195382327.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 provides examples of applied behavioural analysis strategies that have been shown to be effective in both single case and group settings, which may include ways to increase the likelihood of a patient learning new associations or functional contingencies, inhibition of a patient’s previous associations through extinction learning, reduction or extinction of patient behaviours that have been previously reinforced, or fostering the patient’s learning of new skills or adaptive behaviour.
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"Extinction Phenomena: A Biologic Perspective on How and Why Psychoanalysis Works." In The Ontology of Psychology, 27–52. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203092484-10.

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"Memory." In Utilizing Consumer Psychology in Business Strategy, 94–117. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3448-8.ch004.

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Learning takes place if there is a repeat of stimuli, or otherwise, extinction occurs, which is forgetting. To make the consumers learn the product and not lose sight for a long time is a primary focus for marketers. It means that marketers are more concerned about individuals' information storage and retrieval process. This chapter discusses the information-processing system, parts of this system, and forgetting as well as memorizing. At the end of the chapter, memory is evaluated from the point of view of marketing.
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Levin, Susan B. "Evaluating the Debate Thus Far over Moral Bioenhancement." In Posthuman Bliss?, 85–130. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051495.003.0004.

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To avoid “ultimate harm,” or human extinction, Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu maintain that a species-wide, biological upgrade of human morality is required. To support their claim that we already possess biological kernels of their featured, prosocial attitudes, they rely implausibly on evolutionary psychology. Further, they support “neuroessentialism” and misconceive what genetic manipulation could deliver regarding complex phenotypic traits. Alongside their talk of augmenting prosocial attitudes, Persson and Savulescu stress that, to forestall ultimate harm, what we ultimately require is the elimination of antisocial acts. Though presented as two interpretive lenses on one endeavor, their prosocial and antisocial focuses represent different agendas for our moral alteration. Further, from their utilitarian standpoint, if making antisocial acts impossible to perform were a streamlined route to avoiding extinction, then this is what we should do. Persson and Savulescu’s antisocial focus, in particular, reflects a willingness to forgo what makes human existence worth conducting.
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Beltran, Francesc S., Salvador Herrando, Violant Estreder, Doris Ferreres, Marc-Antoni Adell, and Marcos Ruiz-Soler. "A Language Shift Simulation Based on Cellular Automata." In Handbook of Research on Culturally-Aware Information Technology, 136–51. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-883-8.ch007.

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Language extinction is a widespread social phenomenon affecting several million people throughout the world today. By the end of this century, more than 5100 of the approximately 6000 languages currently spoken around the world will have disappeared. This is mainly because of language shifts, i.e., because a community of speakers stops using their traditional language and speaks a new one in all communication settings. In this study, the authors present the properties of a cellular automaton that incorporates some assumptions from the Gaelic-Arvanitika model of language shifts and the findings on the dynamics of social impacts in the field of social psychology. To assess the cellular automaton, the authors incorporate empirical data from Valencia (a region in Southern Europe), where Catalan speakers are tending to shift towards using Spanish. Running the automaton under different scenarios, the survival or extinction of Catalan in Valencia depends on individuals’ engagement with their language. The authors discuss how a cellular automata theory approach proves to be a useful tool for understanding the language shift.
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Travis, Cynthia, and William Saa. "Restorative Peacebuilding in Liberia." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 100–125. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3665-0.ch005.

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This chapter explores how traditional Liberian communities decimated by colonization, multi-generational trauma, and war found healing through ancient wisdom and ritual. The events related here highlight some of the ways that guidance from other-than-human realms, particularly from nature and the dead, makes quantum healing possible by restoring respectful relationships with all life as well as with the unseen world that is its source. The discussion highlights the urgency for international peacebuilding and foreign aid policy to re-examine the erroneous assumption that outside experts and money will solve the dilemmas caused by colonization, commodification, and greed. In the experiences related here, the authors show how dreaming, divination, ritual, offerings, and community councils helped divided communities work together for the sake of peace. The unexpected appearance of elephants—traditionally understood to be harbingers of peace—reawakened an ancient understanding of how to work in alliance with the natural world. The mysterious, interwoven events related here reveal new ways of working collaboratively across cultures and beyond the human realm. This suggests an innovative role for outsiders wishing to support the efforts of traditional communities seeking peace and stability after war, with the awareness that impending global extinction requires an unprecedented cultural shift to re-invigorate lived reciprocity within and beyond the human community for the sake of all life.
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10

Anderson, E. N. "Landscape with Figures." In Ecologies of the Heart. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090109.003.0005.

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So wrote Edward Fitzgerald, following (loosely) the Persian of Omar Khayyám. In this quatrain, he captured what may be the most universal and constant yearning of humankind. Modern psychology has shown what many of us always suspected: humans continually, in the secrecy of their thoughts, do exactly what Fitzgerald wished. The external world is all too refractory, but “the soul is free.” Thus, humans often see what they want to see, and believe about it what they wish to believe. The external world may intrude harshly on this process, but people often show a truly instructive ability to shut out reality. Positive illusions are only one of the ways we distort information. The human brain is a wondrous device—partly because it does not produce a perfect, total representation of what the senses perceive. We are constantly reinterpreting those perceptions in terms of our wants and needs—not only needs for things like food and shelter, but also needs to see the world as hopefully as possible, to see it as simple and comprehensible, and to see it as ultimately manageable. The brain quite literally does shatter perception “to bits, and then remold it closer to the heart’s desire.” The world environmental problem is serious, and getting steadily more so. Part of the reason is that humans have seen what they wanted to see and have deliberately blinded themselves to the less desirable consequences of their actions. The built-in human tendency to see the world through rose-colored glasses has received the name “positive illusions” from social psychologist Shelley Taylor. She points out the advantages of positive illusions. They allow us to face a threatening world. However, positive illusions have their costs. It is, at the best of times, hard to get people to sacrifice short-term interests for longterm benefits. Positive illusions make it even harder. Such habits of mind lie behind much of the world’s pollution, species extinction, deforestation, overfishing, soil erosion, and famine. Political remedies have failed. The vaunted Rio de Janeiro conference of 1992 was disappointing.
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Conference papers on the topic "Extinction (Psychology)"

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L. McConnell, Bridget. "Failure to Observe Extinction Cue Effect in Humans." In Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp15.63.

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