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Author: Grafiati

Published: 17 May 2023

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Mason, Michael R. Rapid intervention company operations, (RICO). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006.

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Jakubowski, Greg. Rapid intervention teams. Stillwater, Okla: Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University, 2001.

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Service, Global Response. Project, Restore Hope--Bosnia: Humanitarian and development assistance program for Bosnia-Herzegovina : restoration of the emergency service agencies for the cities of Mostar, Bihac, and Gorazde : material and equipment donations : advanced technical training and education : intervention support services. Herndon, VA: Global Response Service Corp., 1996.

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Howlett, Jonathon R., and Murray B. Stein. Novel Prevention and Treatment Approaches to PTSD. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0021.

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Current therapeutic and preventive interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have important limitations in terms of efficacy and tolerability. Translational research based on animal models of fear extinction and the stress response has yielded a number of new targets for investigation in clinical studies. Novel treatment approaches include new medications, psychotherapies, and the combination of exposure-based therapies with medications to enhance fear extinction. PTSD prevention represents a major opportunity, and preventive interventions can also be informed by basic neurobiology. Despite potentially useful new therapeutic and prevention approaches, the pace of clinical studies has been slow, and the evidence for most novel interventions is sparse. Given the urgent clinical need, more resources should be directed to clinical trials to fulfill the promise of translational research for this disorder.

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Milad, Mohammed R., and Kylie N. Moore. Neurobiology and Neuroimaging of PTSD. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0015.

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This chapter provides a broad overview of the fear circuitry implicated in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder. It begins by reviewing evidence from animal models of fear conditioning and extinction that unveiled the neural structures incorporated in the fear circuitry. Then it explores the translation of these findings to healthy human models of fear conditioning and finally examines the neural dysfunctions highlighted by neuroimaging studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in order to conceptualize mechanisms of fear extinction and the role of impaired fear extinction in contributing to the pathology of PTSD. The chapter ends with the potential therapeutic interventions for the treatment of PTSD in the scope of this model but with a note of caution regarding some of its limitations.

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Karpova, Nina N. Pharmacological Adjuncts and Evidence-Supported Treatments for Trauma. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.32.

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A large proportion of humans experienced a traumatic event in their lifetime, with more than 10% developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, phobias, and other fear/anxiety disorders. The neural circuitry of fear responses is highly conserved in humans as well as rodents, and this allows for translational research using animal models of fear. Fear/anxiety disorders in humans are most efficiently treated by exposure-based psychotherapy (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy; CBT), the main aspects of which are closely modeled by extinction training in Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction paradigms in rodents. To improve the efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacological agents potent for enhancing learning and memory consolidation processing should be developed to combine with exposure-based therapy. The purpose of these adjunctive pharmacological agents is to promote fear memory erasure and the consolidation of extinction memories, thus providing a combined treatment of increased effectiveness. This review discusses established pharmacological adjuncts to behavioral therapeutic interventions for fear/anxiety disorders. The mechanisms of action of these adjuncts, as well as the evidence for and against the pharmacological treatment strategies and their limitations are discussed.

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Nedder, Joe. Fire Service Rapid Intervention Crews : Principles and Practice: Principles and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2014.

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Javanbakht, Arash, and Gina R. Poe. Behavioral Neuroscience of Circuits Involved in Arousal Regulation. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0007.

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This chapter evaluates the evidence that hyper-reactive noradrenergic responses during trauma contribute to hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD, including disturbances in sleep. Some genetic vulnerability for PTSD involves the adrenergic system, and a hyperactive central noradrenergic system might serve to over-consolidate and sustain the affective component of fear memories. Reduced moderation of noradrenergic reactions during low hormone phases of the menstrual cycle could also lead to increased susceptibility to PTSD. This chapter considers a mechanism by which hyperactivity in the noradrenergic system during sleep would impair REM sleep theta and non-REM sleep spindles in the limbic system, both of which are implicated in the consolidation of new safety memories, thereby compromising extinction recall and setting into motion a positive feedback loop in PTSD pathophysiology, involving hyperarousal, failure to integrate contextual information, and biased attention to threat. If so, novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions inhibiting the noradrenergic system during sensitive periods in sleep should be considered.

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Rapid Intervention Teams. I F S T A, 2019.

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Fire Service Rapid Intervention Crews: Principles and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2016.

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Nedder, Joe. Fire Service Rapid Intervention Crews: Principles and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2014.

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Jakubowski, Greg. Rapid intervention teams: Instructor's package. Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University, 2003.

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Heim, Christine, and Charles B. Nemeroff. Neurobiological Pathways Involved in Fear, Stress, and PTSD. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0012.

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The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are believed to reflect an inadequate adaptation of neurobiological systems to exposure to severe stressors. A vast number of studies have revealed multiple alterations in neuroendocrine and neurochemical systems in patients with PTSD. It is now evident that certain neurobiological changes in PTSD actually reflect preexisting vulnerability factors that contribute to maladaptive physiological and behavioral responses to traumatic exposure, as well as altered learning and extinction of fear memories. These results suggest the development of novel pathophysiology-driven strategies for intervention that directly target the neurobiological mechanisms that lead to stress sensitization, increased fear memories, and arousal.

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Kareiva, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. Fealty to symbolism is no way to save salmon. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0015.

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This chapter tells the story of how the management options regarding Snake River chinook salmon became conflated with advocacy efforts to remove four major hydroelectric dams. As a result, conservation scientists lost sight of the larger, more complicated landscape of threats to these salmon. Simulation models that were meant to explore a wide variety of management options were so complex as to be impenetrable, and model outputs were never compared to real population data. Based on these flawed models, advocates for dam removal overstated the peril to salmon with a certainty that was unjustified (e.g., forecasting certain extinction by 2017 that never happened). This chapter argues that turning a complicated decision about hydropower, engineering solutions, hatcheries, harvest, habitat degradation, and salmon into a symbolic choice of “dams or fish” has hindered the discovery of portfolios of intervention and management that might actually solve the problem.

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Liao, S. Matthew, ed. Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905033.001.0001.

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Featuring seventeen original essays on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) by today’s most prominent AI scientists and academic philosophers, this volume represents state-of-the-art thinking in this fast-growing field. It highlights central themes in AI and morality such as how to build ethics into AI, how to address mass unemployment caused by automation, how to avoid designing AI systems that perpetuate existing biases, and how to determine whether an AI is conscious. As AI technologies progress, questions about the ethics of AI, in both the near future and the long term, become more pressing than ever. Should a self-driving car prioritize the lives of the passengers over those of pedestrians? Should we as a society develop autonomous weapon systems capable of identifying and attacking a target without human intervention? What happens when AIs become smarter and more capable than us? Could they have greater than human-level moral status? Can we prevent superintelligent AIs from harming us or causing our extinction? At a critical time in this fast-moving debate, thirty leading academics and researchers at the forefront of AI technology development have come together to explore these existential questions.

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