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Academic literature on the topic 'Extinction d'incendie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extinction d'incendie"
Baudequin, Clément. "Conception d'une unité mobile pour le post-traitement d'eau utilisée pendant des opérations d'extinction d'incendie." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0045/document.
Full textExtinguishment of large solvent fire leads to the production of fire fighting water, which are collected thanks to the design of industrial infrastructures. Depending on the nature of the firefighting foam used, the resulting water may require the removal of fluorinated surfactants potentially present. After decantation of the organic phase, fire fighting waters essentially contain surfactants. Surfactants are amphiphilic chemicals having the ability to lower both interfacial and surface tensions by adsorbing in an oriented fashion at interface. Surfactant can form micellar aggregates in solution and on interfaces under certain conditions, and have a pronounced influence on interfacial phenomena. Hence, before considering any water treatment process, interfacial science and surfactant were introduced. This work has a dual purpose. The industrial purpose is to provide an economically viable alternative to water incineration. The foreseen unit will have to be mobile and able to extract fluorinated surfactants from water at a rate of 1-4.5 m3h-1 (20,000 m3 in 4-6 months). The scientific purpose of this work is the study of the behavior of surfactants in the context of water treatment processes. The state of the art of relevant water treatment processes and an experimental screening with real firefighting water permitted to identify two steps as likely to fit the constraints of a mobile unit: electrocoagulationfiltration coupled with reverse osmosis. The electrocoagulation process followed by filtration was applied to pilot, model and industrial firefighting waters. This process was found to remove efficiently the unwanted turbidity from pilot firefighting waters. Current knowledge about the separation mechanisms of small organic molecules in reverse osmosis has been reviewed, and rejection as well as flux decline were related to membrane, solution, and solute properties. Polyamide and cellulose acetate membrane materials were screened in a flat sheet cell. The stabilities of rejection and flux decline were confirmed during longer tests (several days) on an industrial pilot with the most appropriate membrane. A final design study confirmed the possibility to combine electrocoagulation-filtration and reverse osmosis to treat firefighting waters
Jenft, Alexandre. "Étude des interactions entre phénomènes d'incendie et systèmes d'extinction à eau. Développement d'un module d'extinction dans le logiciel FDS." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0269/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of interactions between fuel, flame and water droplets generated by water mist systems. It is completed by an extinction model development in FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software, which is a CFD code widely used by the scientific and engineering communities. Knowledge on physical phenomena induced by water application on fire is acquired thanks to an experimental campaign at real scale. 84 confined and ventilated fire tests have been carried out involving water mist and metrology allowing to study the influence on extinction of: fuel, combustion time before water mist application, pool diameter for liquid fuel fires, number of nozzles and fuel location. A post-processing in the form of mass and energy balances has been added to FDS, allowing to complete experimental observations and to quantify the different heat transfer modes before and during water application. Two complementary models allow extinction determination by fuel cooling and flame cooling / inerting effects. Their capability is analyzed for appropriate cases on the versions 5 and 6 of FDS. The capability of the complete modified code to predict extinction is finally evaluated
Junjunan, Soleh Fajar. "Experimental investigation of fire behavior and fire suppression by water-mist in a ground vehicle engine compartment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAB0010.
Full textFire protection is a part of the survivability of military and civilian vehicles. Halon, an effective fire suppressant in ground vehicles, has been phased out due to its high ozone depletion potential. FM-200 is now commonly used as an alternative, but it still has a high global warming potential compared to water-based extinguishing systems. Extensive research has been conducted to find suitable alternatives, including gas, dry chemical, wet chemical, foam, aerosol, and water-based fire extinguishers. In particular, water mist is considered as a potential alternative with no ozone depletion or global warming potential, and is the focus of this study. In order to evaluate its performance and study the interaction between water mist and a compartment fire, a simplified scale-1 test bench based on the engine compartment of a ground military vehicle has been implemented based on CAD data. Experimental tests have been carried out. First, pool fire tests were conducted to observe the fire behavior inside the engine compartment and characterize the fire source. The tests were carried out under both well-confined and ventilated conditions, following the STANAG 4317 guidelines, varying the fuel pan size, ventilation conditions, and initial fuel thickness. Measuring sensors and instruments such as thermocouples, heat flux sensors, load cells, pitot tubes, gas analyzers, and cameras were used. In a second step, fire suppression tests using water mist were performed. After observing the fire behavior, a pan with a diameter of 24 cm and an initial fuel thickness of 5 mm was chosen for the fire suppression test. The study then consisted in investigating the influence of water pressure, the use of various additives, and ventilation conditions on the fire suppression phenomena and on the performance of water mist. In particular, polysorbates (Tween-20 and Tween-80) and ethanol were selected as additives. While Tween-80 and ethanol have been studied in the literature as water mist additives for fire suppression, there is limited published information on Tween-20 as a water mist additive. The main results indicate that water mist can effectively extinguish a pool fire in the conditions of the study. However, its performance decreases at lower water pressures or when the airflow is disturbed by factors such as the engine fan. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the fire suppression system by using additives or changing the location of the nozzle, for example, especially in challenging fire situations where obstacles hinder the extinguishing process. Additives positively affect water mist performance, with Tween-20 performing better than the two other additives in our study. This study consists in a first step that will be continued in further works. Several perspectives have been identified, such as the evaluation of various nozzle designs, the integration of obstacles inside of the compartment, the exploration of additional additives, and improved measurement techniques such as Particulate Image Velocimetry or CFD simulations. The latter should be conducted to increase the knowledge on water mist systems with additives as a relevant alternative for FM-200 or any other prohibited agent
Kaabi, Rabeb. "Apprentissage profond et traitement d'images pour la détection de fumée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0017.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of forest fire detection using image processing and machine learning tools. A forest fire is a fire that spreads over a wooded area. It can be of natural origin (due to lightning or a volcanic eruption) or human. Around the world, the impact of forest fires on many aspects of our daily lives is becoming more and more apparent on the entire ecosystem.Many methods have been shown to be effective in detecting forest fires. The originality of the present work lies in the early detection of fires through the detection of forest smoke and the classification of smoky and non-smoky regions using deep learning and image processing tools. A set of pre-processing techniques helped us to have an important database which allowed us afterwards to test the robustness of the model based on deep belief network we proposed and to evaluate the performance by calculating the following metrics (IoU, Accuracy, Recall, F1 score). Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on several images in order to validate its efficiency. The simulations of our algorithm have been compared with those processed in the state of the art (Deep CNN, SVM...) and have provided very good results. The results of the proposed methods gave an average classification accuracy of about 96.5% for the early detection of smoke
Books on the topic "Extinction d'incendie"
M, Martin Ann. Le camion d'incendie à la rescousse. Richmond Hill, Ont: Éditions Scholastic, 1995.
Find full textSchmauch, Jean-Francois. Magirus: Les Vehicules D'incendie. Histoire et Collections, 2016.
Find full textM17 Fire Hydrants: Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance. American Water Works Association, 2016.
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