Journal articles: 'External studies'

1

Gilbert, Ethel S. "Studies of Workers Exposed to External Radiation." Health Physics 74, no. 1 (January 1998): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199801000-00003.

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Gavrilescu, Maria, and Radu Z. Tudose. "Mixing studies in external-loop airlift reactors." Chemical Engineering Journal 66, no. 2 (February 1997): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(96)03177-4.

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3

Gilbert, E. S., I. Thierry-Chef, E. Cardis, J. J. Fix, and M. Marshall. "External Dose Estimation for Nuclear Worker Studies." Radiation Research 166, no. 1 (July 2006): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/rr3126.1.

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4

Mantz, U., B. Steck, K. Thonke, R. Sauer, F. Schäffler, and H. J. Herzog. "layers under external uniaxial stress: photoluminescence studies." Applied Surface Science 102 (August 1996): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(96)00071-2.

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5

Flannery, Eóin. "External Association." Third Text 19, no. 5 (September 2005): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528820500232231.

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6

Prasad B.S, Naveen, and Velan M. "Mass Transfer Studies On External Loop Airlift Reactor." International Journal on Applied Bio-Engineering 3, no. 2 (2009): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18000/ijabeg.10046.

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7

Luding, S., E. Clément, A. Blumen, J. Rajchenbach, and J. Duran. "Studies of columns of beads under external vibrations." Physical Review E 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 1634–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.49.1634.

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8

Campion, Mick, and Patrick Guiton. "Economic instrumentalism and integration in Australian External Studies." Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning 6, no. 2 (June 1991): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268051910060203.

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9

Penland, Lynn R., and William C. Hine. "External Studies Degree: Profile of a Successful Program." Journal of Continuing Higher Education 37, no. 1 (January 1989): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07377366.1989.10401160.

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10

Manjunatha, H. C., and B. Rudraswamy. "Studies on External Bremsstrahlung in thick target compounds." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 572, no. 2 (March 2007): 958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.073.

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11

Conti, C. Richard. "Ongoing and planned studies of enhanced external counterpulsation." Clinical Cardiology 25, S2 (December 2002): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960251408.

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12

Kutova, V. V., Ya F. Kutasevych, O. N. Belokon, T. V. Degtyar, I. N. Nikitenko, and Yu V. Shcherbakova. "Питання зовнішнього контролю якості лабораторних досліджень на сифіліс у лікувальних закладах України." Dermatology and Venerology, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33743/2308-1066-2021-2-15-19.

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The objective of the work is to identify systemic and random errors in the formulation of controlled methods and to achieve comparative results obtained by laboratories participating in external quality control of laboratory tests for syphilis. Materials and methods. Laboratories of three levels took part in the activities of external quality control of serological diagnostics of syphilis: clinical diagnostic laboratories (CDL) of medical institutions of scientific research institutes of the NAMS of Ukraine, serological departments as part of the CDL of the dermatovenerological profile of the RDVD, CDVD. Results. The quality of serological tests for syphilis in 21 CDL (serological departments) was assessed using the following methods: RMP, RPR, Rapid-test, TPHA, FTA-abs, ELISA in three control serum samples according to formal and essential characteristics. The most significant differences in the results were revealed in the study of control serum samples with a low content of antibodies and those without antibodies to the causative agent of syphilis in the non-treponemal RMP test and the treponemal FTA-abs test. Conclusions. The conducted studies have shown the high efficiency of the practical application of the developed system of external quality control of laboratory methods for diagnosing syphilis.

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13

Troyanovskaya, I. P., and A. O. Zhakov. "Experimental studies of the uncontrolled shift of the bulldozer." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 4 (September 14, 2022): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-4-514-521.

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Introduction. External forces from the working body of a road-building machine sometimes lead to its uncontrolled deviation from a given trajectory when performing a technological cycle. In this case, there is a clear dependence of the magnitude of the shift force on its direction. The purpose of experimental studies was to determine the values of the limiting shift force for its various directions.Materials and methods. The experimental tests were carried out on the example of a 10-ton caterpillar bulldozer manufactured by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The shift was carried out by the action of an external force applied to the edge of the dump in various directions. The external force was recorded on an oscillogram.Results. The shift began with an external force equal to the adhesion limit, provided that the line of action of the external force passed through the center of pressure. The shift begins at much lower values of the external force when the line of action of the external force deviates from the center of pressure. The result of the experiment was the construction of a hodograph of the limiting shift force.Conclusion. The nature of the change in the external force during translational and rotational shear was fundamentally different. It has been experimentally confirmed that the more the direction of the shear force deviates from the center of pressure of the machine, the smaller the value of the external force can lead to an uncontrolled shear.

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14

Eastwick, Paul W., Lucy L. Hunt, and Lisa A. Neff. "External Validity, Why Art Thou Externally Valid? Recent Studies of Attraction Provide Three Theoretical Answers." Social and Personality Psychology Compass 7, no. 5 (May 2013): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12026.

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15

Hauschild, J., M. Andernacht, and H. P. Berg. "Case studies for evaluating conditional probabilities of external explosions." Kerntechnik 78, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/124.110337.

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16

Gavrilescu, Maria, Florina Ungureanu, and Radu Z. Tudose. "TRIPHASIC EXTERNAL-LOOP AIRLIFT REACTORS. HYDRODYNAMIC AND DISPERSION STUDIES." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 7, no. 3 (2008): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2008.036.

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17

Kamaljyoti, Ashwani Kumar Sharma, Gursimran Filia, and Shukriti Sharma. "Studies on Malassezia Infection in Otitis External of Dogs." Journal of Animal Research 7, no. 1 (2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-940x.2017.00027.4.

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18

YAMAGUCHI, Yasuhiro, and Satoshi IWAI. "Outline of Recent Studies on Dosimetry for External Radiations." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 37, no. 12 (1995): 1087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.37.1087.

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19

Vengris, Saulius. "External Evaluation of Studies at Vilnius University, 1994‐95." Quality in Higher Education 3, no. 1 (April 1997): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353832960030109.

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20

Robertson, Bill. "Audio teleconferencing: low cost technology for external studies networking." Distance Education 8, no. 1 (March 1987): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0158791870080110.

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21

Kafri, Michal, and Ruth Dickstein. "External validity of post-stroke interventional gait rehabilitation studies." Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (May 4, 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2016.1176796.

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22

Rekaa, V. L., H. L. Pécseli, and J. K. Trulsen. "Numerical studies of a plasma diode with external forcing." Physics of Plasmas 19, no. 8 (August 2012): 082115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747620.

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23

Ulgut, Burak, and Sefik Suzer. "XPS Studies of SiO2/Si System under External Bias." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107, no. 13 (April 2003): 2939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp022003z.

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24

Koertge, Noretta. "Reflections on Empirical, External and Ideological Studies of Science." PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1986, no. 2 (January 1986): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1986.2.192797.

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25

Slack, Marion K., and Jolaine R. Draugalis. "Establishing the internal and external validity of experimental studies." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 58, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 2173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/58.22.2173.

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26

Lechowska, Joanna, Marian Kordas, Maciej Konopacki, Karol Fijałkowski, Radosław Drozd, and Rafał Rakoczy. "Hydrodynamic studies in magnetically assisted external-loop airlift reactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 362 (April 2019): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.037.

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27

Sakai, Takuro, Yutaka Naitoh, Tomihiro Kamiya, Shiego Matsuyama, Kei-ichi Gotoh, Satoshi Yotoka, Hiromichi Yamasaki, and Keizo Ishii. "An external ion microbeam for studies of biological samples." Biological Trace Element Research 71-72, no. 1 (December 1999): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02784193.

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28

Do, D. D., and R. G. Rice. "Applicability of the external-diffusion model in adsorption studies." Chemical Engineering Science 45, no. 5 (1990): 1419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(90)87136-g.

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29

LI, NAN, and AMOS RON. "EXTERNAL ZONOTOPAL ALGEBRA." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 13, no. 02 (October 10, 2013): 1350097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498813500977.

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Zonotopal algebra studies pairs of dual algebraic structures that are associated with a linear matroid X and are connected to corresponding dual geometries. Both the geometry and the algebra encode in their statistics combinatorial properties of the matroid. We provide in this paper a general, unified, framework for the chapter in zonotopal algebra that is known as external. The approach is critically based on employing simultaneously the two dual algebraic constructs and invokes the underlying matroidal and geometric structures in an essential way.

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30

Kilsdonk, Melvin, Sabine Siesling, Renee Otter, and Wim van Harten. "Evaluating the impact of accreditation and external peer review." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 28, no. 8 (October 12, 2015): 757–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-05-2014-0055.

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Purpose – Accreditation and external peer review play important roles in assessing and improving healthcare quality worldwide. Evidence on the impact on the quality of care remains indecisive because of programme features and methodological research challenges. The purpose of this paper is to create a general methodological research framework to design future studies in this field. Design/methodology/approach – A literature search on effects of external peer review and accreditation was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Embase and Web of Science. Three researchers independently screened the studies. Only original research papers that studied the impact on the quality of care were included. Studies were evaluated by their objectives and outcomes, study size and analysis entity (hospitals vs patients), theoretical framework, focus of the studied programme, heterogeneity of the study population and presence of a control group. Findings – After careful selection 50 articles were included out of an initial 2,025 retrieved references. Analysis showed a wide variation in methodological characteristics. Most studies are performed cross-sectionally and results are not linked to the programme by a theoretical framework. Originality/value – Based on the methodological characteristics of previous studies the authors propose a general research framework. This framework is intended to support the design of future research to evaluate the effects of accreditation and external peer review on the quality of care.

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31

Vu, Diep, Shaokai Gao, Tyler Berte, Mary Kacarab, Qi Yao, Kambiz Vafai, and Akua Asa-Awuku. "External and internal cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) mixtures: controlled laboratory studies of varying mixing states." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 4277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4277-2019.

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Abstract. Changes in aerosol chemical mixtures modify cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. Previous studies have developed CCN models and validated changes in external and internal mixing state with ambient field data. Here, we develop an experimental method to test and validate the CCN activation of known aerosol chemical composition with multicomponent mixtures and varying mixing states. CCN activation curves consisting of one or more activation points are presented. Specifically, simplified two-component systems of varying hygroscopicity were generated under internal, external, and transitional mixing conditions. κ-Köhler theory predictions were calculated for different organic and inorganic mixtures and compared to experimentally derived kappa values and respective mixing states. This work employs novel experimental methods to provide information on the shifts in CCN activation data due to external to internal particle mixing from controlled laboratory sources. Results show that activation curves consisting of single and double activation points are consistent with internal and external mixtures, respectively. In addition, the height of the plateau at the activation points is reflective of the externally mixed concentration in the mixture. The presence of a plateau indicates that CCN activation curves consisting of multiple inflection points are externally mixed aerosols of varying water-uptake properties. The plateau disappears when mixing is promoted in the flow tube. At the end of the flow tube experiment, the aerosols are internally mixed and the CCN activated fraction data can be fit with a single-sigmoid curve. The technique to mimic externally to internally mixed aerosol is applied to non-hygroscopic carbonaceous aerosol with organic and inorganic components. To our knowledge, this work is the first to show controlled CCN activation of mixed non-hygroscopic soot with hygroscopic material as the aerosol population transitions from externally to internally mixed states in laboratory conditions. Results confirm that CCN activation analysis methods used here and in ambient data sets are robust and may be used to infer the mixing state of complex aerosol compositions of unknown origin.

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32

Moodie, Gavin. "Academics’ resistance of external course pressures: Attempts to establish external studies at Monash University 1958–70." Distance Education 12, no. 2 (January 1991): 191–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0158791910120205.

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33

Plokhov, A. "Novelties in studies of the “bread” ovens at Ryurik Gorodishche." Archaeological News 31 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-31-41-52.

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This paper is concerned with the so-called “bread” ovens installed in the end of the 1st millennium AD in the southern section of Ryurik Gorodishche, in the place of a wet gully used as a defensive ditch. On the basis of the information available, this article discusses the questions of the external appearance and chronology of these structures

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34

M. H, Homady. "Ultra structural Studies of Mouse Liver in Castrated Subjects Treated with Grape Juice." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 6, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/082.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the alterations in the liver tissues especially ITO and Kupffer cells of both castrated and castrated mice treated with10 µl/g of grape juice. The present study was conducted on forty five healthy males of Swiss albino mice, which were divided into 3 groups (N= 15 mice per each group). The first group was intact (control); the second one was castrated and the third group was castrated treated with 10 µl/g of grape juice. The ultra-structure sections of liver tissue from intact (control) group showed normal structure of both hepatocytes and sinusoids, with smooth external surfaces. Whereas ultra-sections from castrated group resulted in: degeneration of hepatocytes, deterioration of sinusoids; rough external surfaces, with aggregations of lipid droplets and white blood cells as compared with the control group. However treatment of castrated subject's with10µl/g of grape juice resulted in activation the regeneration processes in both hepatocytes and sinusoids, with smooth appearance of the external surfaces as compared with control group. The present study concluded that surgical castration aggravated increased hepatic steatosis and increased inflammatory response by increased activation of Kupffer and Ito cells, these effects could be reserved by aggravated increased grape juice administration.

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35

Poidevin, Robin Le. "Internal and External Questions about God." Religious Studies 31, no. 4 (December 1995): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500023891.

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Characteristic of metaphysics are general questions of existence, such as ‘Are there numbers?’ This kind of question is the target of Carnap's argument for deflationism, to the effect that general existential questions, if taken at face value, are meaningless. This paper considers deflationism in a theological context, and argues that the question ‘Does God exist?’ can appropriately be grouped with the ‘metaphysical’ questions attacked by Carnap. Deflationism thus has the surprising consequence that the correct approach to theism is that of radical theology. The paper attempts to show why Carnap's argument fails, and why, nevertheless, enough remains of it for us to conclude that God cannot be outside time and space.

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36

Kidder, Daniel W., and Richard Behrens. "Control of Plant Water Potential in Water Stress Studies." Weed Science 39, no. 1 (March 1991): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057933.

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Weed seedlings were grown in a composite soil contained within a semipermeable membrane that allowed the development of consistent, reproducible levels of plant water stress. The water content of membrane units with a 1-cm cross section equilibrated most rapidly, within 3 to 5 days, with the external osmotic solution. The water potential (Ψ) of green foxtail grown in plant growth membrane units was curvilinearly related to the external polyethylene glycol (PEG) osmotic solution Ψ. This relationship permitted nondestructive estimation of plant Ψ. Green foxtail shoot growth in membrane units was reduced by decreasing Ψ of the external PEG osmotic solution and was completely arrested by high water stress induced by an −800 kPa external osmotic solution. The technique makes possible precise control and relatively rapid adjustment in the level and duration of plant Ψ of seedlings and small plants.

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37

Mohsin Jadah, Hamid, Manar Hayder Ali Alghanimi, Noor Sabah Hameed Al-Dahaan, and Noor Hashim Mohammed Al-Husainy. "Internal and external determinants of Iraqi bank profitability." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.08.

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The determinants of bank profitability are very important, as bank profitability significantly affects the economies of countries. This study aims to examine the internal determinants (bank-specific characteristics) and external determinants (macroeconomic factors and government variables) of bank profitability in Iraq. The study uses unbalanced panel data from 18 banks in Iraq for thirteen years, from 2005 to 2017. The relationship is estimated using a fixed effects approach. The study selected 18 conventional banks considering their data availability in the period from 2005 to 2017. Based on the panel data method, the results show that bank size, the equity to total assets and total loans to total assets ratios, GDP growth, and government effectiveness have a significant and positive impact on the profitability of Iraqi banks. Meanwhile, credit risk, inflation, interest rate, unemployment, and political instability have a significant negative influence on bank profitability. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is considered one of the earliest studies of its kind, in which the main factors affecting Iraqi bank profitability are determined. That said, this paper makes a significant contribution to the theoretical literature, the industry, and policymakers, so that the performance of Iraqi conventional banks can be improved. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the support from Ministry of Higher Education in Iraq, University of Kerbala, AL-Furat AL-Awsat Technical University, and Imam AL-Kadhum College for Islamic Studies. Furthermore, we appreciate the support by Prof. Dr. Sivarajasingham Selliah, Assistant Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abrar Ul Haq, and Dr. Mohammed Hasan.

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38

Pierce, Todd P., Jennifer Kurowicki, Kimona Issa, Antony Festa, Anthony J. Scillia, and Vincent K. McInerney. "External snapping hip: a systematic review of outcomes following surgical intervention: External snapping hip systematic review." HIP International 28, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018782667.

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Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of surgical management for external snapping hip in terms of: (1) recurrence; (2) complications; and (3) return to pre-injury activities. Methods: A thorough review of 4 electronic databases- EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PubMed, and Scopus was performed to find all relevant studies for this review that were published between January 2000 and January 2017 that addressed surgical treatment for external snapping hip. The following reports were excluded: (1) non-English manuscripts; (2) n ⩽ 5; (3) clinical reviews; (4) surgical technique notes; (5) studies only analysing diagnosis; and (6) nonoperative management studies. After cross-referencing, a total of 7 reports were included. Each of these studies was analysed for the incidence of recurrence, revision surgery, complications, and return to pre-injury activity level. Results: There was a recurrence rate of 7% ( n = 8 of 113 hips) with only 1 requiring revision surgery (1%). The cumulative complication rate was 9% ( n = 10 of 113) with all complications being residual weakness. Additionally, we found 98% ( n = 58 of 59) of the patients returned to their pre-injury level of activity. Conclusions: We found operative treatment for external snapping hip to be both safe and efficacious for returning patients to their pre-injury activities. When recurrence does occur, it often is painless and does not require revision surgery. Future studies should be larger and evaluate different surgical techniques to further elucidate the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for external snapping hip.

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39

Péteri, György. "External Politics—Internal Rivalries." East Central Europe 44, no. 2-3 (December 11, 2017): 309–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04402002.

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In this article, the author discusses two episodes in the history of Hungarian communist era social scientific research where changes occurring within the academic field had major tremors of momentous political change as their background. The first case is the breakthrough of an empiricist research program in economics in 1954–56, no doubt enabled and conditioned by the New Course following Stalin’s death. The second case is the purge in social theory and sociology (the so-called “Philosophers’ Process”) in the first half of the 1970s propelled by the conservative backlash in high politics in the wake of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The main objective of the article is to explain the seeming paradox that in these two seemingly opposite kinds of cases (the one in the mid-1950s was about the emancipation of the field from under the yoke of Stalinist ideology, while the one in the early 1970s was undoubtedly a case of political repression) the transformation of the field was reasoned about and justified with the same positivist scientific ethos of a politically and ideologically unbiased, “value-free” science.

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40

Jin, Anqi, Scarlett Gomez, Harold Luft, Daphne Lichtensztajn, and Caroline Thompson. "External Validity of Electronic Health Record Studies of Cancer Patients." Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews 4, no. 3 (August 10, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.17294/2330-0698.1473.

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41

Park, Byung Heung, and Won Il Ko. "Review on Studies for External Cost of Nuclear Power Generation." Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2015.13.4.271.

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42

이정숙. "Cultural Politics of Theatre as External Extension of Studies Drama." Journal of Korean drama and theatre ll, no. 51 (March 2016): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17938/tjkdat.2016..51.259.

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43

Priester, Marjolein I., Sergio Curto, Gerard C. van Rhoon, and Timo L. M. ten Hagen. "External Basic Hyperthermia Devices for Preclinical Studies in Small Animals." Cancers 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 4628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184628.

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Preclinical studies have shown that application of mild hyperthermia (40–43 °C) is a promising adjuvant to solid tumor treatment. To improve preclinical testing, enhance reproducibility, and allow comparison of the obtained results, it is crucial to have standardization of the available methods. Reproducibility of methods in and between research groups on the same techniques is crucial to have a better prediction of the clinical outcome and to improve new treatment strategies (for instance with heat-sensitive nanoparticles). Here we provide a preclinically oriented review on the use and applicability of basic hyperthermia systems available for solid tumor thermal treatment in small animals. The complexity of these techniques ranges from a simple, low-cost water bath approach, irradiation with light or lasers, to advanced ultrasound and capacitive heating devices.

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44

Kapoor, K., T. G. Pai, and B. N. Pamadi. "Subcritical flow studies on two-dimensional external compression supersonic inlets." Journal of Propulsion and Power 8, no. 4 (July 1992): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23559.

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45

Shin, Yong-Il, and Myeong Soo Lee. "Qi Therapy (External Qigong) for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Case Studies." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 01 (January 2005): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05002734.

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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Qi therapy (QT) on the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), including fatigue and complications. QT affected the experience of mental and emotional relaxation in the subjects of these case studies, who also gained strength to overcome their pain and fatigue. Although the results of these two case studies may not constitute conclusive evidence, they provide a foundation for the exploration of QT as a complementary therapy in the reduction of negative symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome.

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46

Rosowski, John J. "Basic and clinical studies of the external and middle ear." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 2 (April 1994): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00020840-199404000-00011.

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47

Bewley, Donald. "Australian and South Pacific External Studies Association: ODLAA’s regional predecessor." Distance Education 29, no. 1 (May 2008): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01587910802004829.

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48

Sim, Julius. "The External Validity of Group Comparative and Single System Studies." Physiotherapy 81, no. 5 (May 1995): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)66820-4.

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49

Müller, Heloisa H., Marcos J. Rider, and Carlos A. Castro. "Artificial neural networks for load flow and external equivalents studies." Electric Power Systems Research 80, no. 9 (September 2010): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2010.01.008.

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50

Arnold, Brent L. "External Validity: Do Research Studies Apply to the Real World?" Athletic Therapy Today 3, no. 2 (March 1998): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.3.2.38.

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Journal articles on the topic 'External studies'

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