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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'External studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Kelly, Stephen. "Theoretical studies of a mode-locked external cavity laser." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47500.

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2

Slack, Richard. "Voluntary disclosure narrative : reporting content, stakeholders, external materiality and usefulness." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3367/.

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This PhD by published work comprises 11 papers published between 2006 and 2009. The research is focussed upon voluntary and related financial reporting by UK companies in their annual report. The level, and more importantly, the importance of voluntary disclosure has significantly increased over the last 20 years (Campbell, Moore and Shrives, 2006) and this submission provides academic and policy relevant contributions to that field. The papers make specific contributions to the extant literature in discrete areas primarily; philanthropy, social and environmental reporting. These 11 publications adopt a range of research methods appropriate to different research questions. The qualitative papers demonstrate successful engagement with a number of high level participant stakeholders from the building society sector, fair trade organisations and UK capital markets as well as capturing disclosure content relevant to other stakeholder groups. Other papers have adopted a positivist approach with appropriate longitudinal and cross sectional data used to test theory. Two of the research projects relating to strategic philanthropy and decision–usefulness of disclosure were supported by external research funding and therefore demonstrate the policy relevance and impact of the research contribution in those areas. Within the commentary, the research is presented in two sections, followed by a conclusion which shows the research impact of the publications and the international dissemination of the research contribution and findings. The key findings of Section 1 show the financial and non-financial influences on levels of philanthropy; inconsistency of philanthropy policy reporting; social disclosure responses to legitimacy threats and the reporting validity of the annual report; a holistic approach to responsible business practice and insights into the mainstreaming of Fair Trade. Section 2 provides findings into the decision-usefulness of a range of voluntary disclosure narratives in the annual report, developed in detail in respect of environmental disclosures and related risk factors and insights into the current issues facing accounting.
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3

Wikfeldt, Emma. "Generalising from Case Studies." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32565.

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The generalisability of case study findings is heavily criticised in the scientific community. This study attempts to answer to what extent generalisation is possible, through a literature review. Resources were collected by searching in databases and in reference lists. A presentation of arguments from both sides will follow, finding that generalisation is possible to almost the same extent as quantitative research, if done correctly and carefully, with great concern and accuracy.
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4

Rydholm, Susanna. "Studies of cellular responses to external stimuli in engineered microenvironments /." Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11819.

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5

Shtogun, Yaroslav. "Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Under External Factors: Adsorption, Mechanical Deformations, Defects, and External Electric Fields." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1771.

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Carbon nanotubes have unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and transport properties which make them an important element of nanoscience and nanotechnology. However, successful application and integration of carbon nanotubes into new nanodevices requires fundamental understanding of their property changes under the influence of many external factors. This dissertation presents qualitative and quantitative theoretical understanding of property changes, while carbon nanotubes are exposed to the deformations, defects, external electric fields, and adsorption. Adsorption mechanisms due to Van der Waals dispersion forces are analyzed first for the interactions of graphitic materials and biological molecules with carbon nanotubes. In particular, the calculations are performed for the carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, DNA bases, and their radicals on the surface of carbon nanotubes in terms of binding energies, structural changes, and electronic properties alterations. The results have shown the importance of many-body effects and discrete nature of system, which are commonly neglected in many calculations for Van der Waals forces in the nanotube interactions with other materials at nanoscale. Then, the effect of the simultaneous application of two external factors, such as radial deformation and different defects (a Stone Wales, nitrogen impurity, and mono-vacancy) on properties of carbon nanotubes is studied. The results reveal significant changes in mechanical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of nanotubes. The complicated interplay between radial deformation and different kinds of defects leads to the appearance of magnetism in carbon nanotubes which does not exist in perfect ones. Moreover, the combined effect of radial deformation and external electric fields on their electronic properties is shown for the first time. As a result, metal-semiconductor or semiconductor-metal transitions occur and are strongly correlated with the strength and direction of external electric field and the degree of radial deformations.
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Bothén, Niklas, Erik Brantås, and Carl Johan Stening. "Who Matters?! : External stakeholder analysis in projects." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127099.

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Stakeholder management is a topic that has received increased attention in later years. Researchers have tried to answer the question of which stakeholders that really matters to organizations and developed ways for identifying and prioritizing among stakeholders. This thesis fills a void in academia by looking exclusively on external stakeholders in large and complex projects such as the construction of power plants. The thesis investigates the approach towards external stakeholders as well as the process of identifying and prioritizing external stakeholders in this specific setting. By using attributes identified in earlier research, a theoretical framework was created that was used to investigate two of Sweden’s largest companies through a qualitative case study. The thesis describe how stakeholder identification and prioritization occurs in the different case companies and ultimately contribute with a new model that can be used by managers to prioritize among external stakeholder in organizational projects.

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7

Naidoo, Dhanasagran. "Organisational culture and external quality assurance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1467.

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Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organisational culture and external quality assurance in higher education have both drawn significant attention to their promise of greater organisational effectiveness and efficiency and enhanced, improved higher education respectively. In recent years, these constructs have been linked by an assumption that an organisational culture that is amenable to change would be more receptive to the introduction of formal external quality‐assurance structures, systems and instruments, as these are aimed at effective and efficient higher education practices, processes and outcomes. However, this assumption has not been sufficiently tested given that there are significant philosophical, conceptual and methodological controversies and contestations surrounding both constructs. While the organisational culture literature has been littered with a proliferation of paradigms and, albeit, fragmented theories, there has been a paucity of theory building in the corresponding literature on quality in higher education in general and on the impact of external quality assurance on institutions specifically. A qualitative case study was conducted at a newly merged university of technology to investigate two taken‐for‐granted assumptions: first, that organisational cultures are homogenous, unitary and centred around shared values and could therefore easily be manipulated (usually from the top by management), and second, that the introduction of external quality assurance is an unproblematic technology that will be accepted without question by higher education institutions as it was premised upon the laudable aim of improving the quality of those institutions. A conceptual four‐perspective framework was developed to critically evaluate the literature and provide the basis for the threedimensional model used in analysing the findings. The research generated several key conclusions that appear to challenge commonly held and articulated positions with regard to organisational culture and external quality assurance. First, organisational culture should be considered as being more ephemeral than concrete, multidimensional than singular, characterised simultaneously by conflict, consensus and indifference and in a constant state of flux. Second, external quality assurance is not necessarily a value‐free and neutral exercise aimed at improving the quality of teaching and learning, as promised in its early conceptualisation and implementation. Third, multiple cultures may exist simultaneously, interact with and influence each other constantly and of course determine interactions within the organisation and the nature of engagement with externally originated initiatives. Fourth, external quality assurance has purposes that go beyond its often morally just and public‐good motives as it tacitly and overtly acts as an agent of control, empowerment and transformation and simultaneously as an agent of the state, though not necessarily to the same extent.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Organisatoriese kultuur en eksterne gehalteversekering in hoër onderwys het albei die aandag in groot mate gevestig op hulle belofte van groter organisatoriese doeltreffendheid en doelmatigheid en gevorderde, verbeterde hoër onderwys onderskeidelik. In die afgelope paar jaar is hierdie konstrukte byeengebring deur ʼn veronderstelling dat ʼn organisatoriese kultuur wat vatbaar is vir verandering, meer ontvanklik sal wees vir die invoer van formele eksterne strukture, stelsels en instrumente vir gehalteversekering, aangesien dit op doeltreffende en doelmatige praktyke, prosesse en uitkomste vir en van hoër onderwys gerig is. Hierdie aanname is egter nie voldoende getoets nie gegee die feit dat daar aansienlike filosofiese, konseptuele en metodologiese strydvrae en twispunte ten opsigte van albei konstrukte bestaan. Terwyl literatuur oor organisatoriese kultuur deur ʼn magdom paradigmas en weliswaar gefragmenteerde teorieë oorweldig is, was teoriebou in die ooreenstemmende literatuur oor gehalte in hoër onderwys in die algemeen en oor die impak van eksterne gehalteversekering op instellings in die besonder redelik skaars. ʼn Kwalitatiewe gevallestudie is onderneem by ʼn universiteit van tegnologie wat onlangs saamgesmelt het om twee aannames wat as vanselfsprekend aanvaar is, te ondersoek: eerstens, dat organisatoriese kulture homogeen, unitêr en óm gedeelde waardes gesentreer is en dat dit dus maklik gemanipuleer kan word (gewoonlik van bo af deur die bestuur), en tweedens, dat die invoer van eksterne gehalteversekering ʼn onproblematiese tegnologie is wat sonder teenspraak deur hoëronderwysinstellings aanvaar sal word, aangesien dit op die prysenswaardige oogmerk van verbetering van die gehalte van daardie instellings gegrond is. ʼn Konseptuele raamwerk bestaande uit vier perspektiewe is ontwikkel vir die kritiese evaluering van die literatuur en dit verskaf die grondslag vir die driedimensionele model wat vir die analise van die bevindings gebruik is. Die navorsing het verskeie belangrike gevolgtrekkings na vore laat kom wat algemeen geldende en duidelik bepaalde posisies ten opsigte van organisatoriese kultuur en eksterne gehalteversekering blyk uit te daag. Eerstens moet organisatoriese kultuur beskou word as efemeries eerder as konkreet, multidimensioneel eerder as enkelvoudig, terwyl dit gelyktydig deur konflik, konsensus en onverskilligheid gekenmerk word en in ʼn gedurige toestand van wisseling verkeer. Tweedens is eksterne gehalteversekering nie noodwendig, soos in die vroeë konseptualisering en implementering belowe, ʼn waardevrye en neutrale oefening gemik op verbetering van die gehalte van onderrig en leer nie. Derdens kan veelvuldige kulture gelyktydig bestaan, met mekaar in interaksie tree en mekaar voortdurend beïnvloed en natuurlik interaksies binne die organisasie en die aard van betrokkenheid by inisiatiewe wat ekstern ontstaan, bepaal. Vierdens het eksterne gehalteversekering oogmerke wat veel verder strek as die motiewe daarvan wat dikwels moreel geregverdig en vir die openbare beswil is aangesien dit stilswyend en op overte wyse optree as ʼn agent vir beheer, bemagtiging en transformasie en tegelyk as ʼn agent van die regering, alhoewel nie noodwendig tot dieselfde mate nie.
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8

McNally, Ian. "Internal Cultivation or External Strength?: Claiming Martial Arts in the Qing Period." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557155402412377.

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9

Ebrahimnejad, Rahbari S. Hadi. "Variational studies of dressed quasiparticles' properties and their interactions with external potentials." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51589.

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In this thesis, we investigated the spectral properties of polaronic quasiparticles resulting from the coupling of a charge carrier to the bosonic excitations of ordered environments. Holstein polarons, describing an electron locally coupled to dispersionless phonons, and spin polarons in hole-doped antiferromagnets are considered. The Green's function of the Holstein polaron in a lattice with various kinds of impurities is calculated using the momentum average approximation. The main finding is that the scenario where the mere effect of the coupling to phonons is to enhance the electron's effective mass is incomplete as the phonons are found to also renormalize the impurity potential the polaron interacts with. This formalism is applied first to the case of a single impurity and the range of parameters where the polaron's ground state is localized is identified. The lifetime of the polaron due to scattering from weak but extended disorder is then studied and it is shown that the renormalization of the disorder potential leads to deviation of the strong coupling results from Fermi's golden rule's predictions. Motivated by the hole-doped cuprate superconductors, the motion of a hole in a two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet and its binding to an attractive impurity is studied next, based on a variational scheme that allows for configurations with a certain maximum number of spin flips. The role of the magnetic sublattices in determining the symmetry of the resulting bound states is discussed. Next, a more realistic model describing a hole in a CuO₂ layer which retains the O explicitly, is considered. By neglecting the fluctuations of the Cu spins and using a variational principle similar to that of the previous chapter, a semi-analytic solution for the Green's function of the hole in an infinite 2D lattice is constructed. The resulting quasiparticle dispersion shows the proper ground state and other features observed in experiments. The lack of importance of the background spin fluctuations is justified based on the hole's ability to move on the O sublattice without disturbing the Cu spins. Finally, the model is generalized to gauge the importance of other relevant O orbitals.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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10

Shah, Lynn. "Hydrodynamics, mixing and mass transfer studies in three external loop airlift reactors." Thesis, Teesside University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411180.

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11

Liu, Yankai. "Modelling studies on biological tissue properties and mechanical responses under external stimuli." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2409.

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Biological tissues maintain their homeostasis by remodelling under external mechanical stimuli. In order to understand the tissue remodelling process, it is important to characterize tissue properties before detailed mechanical responses can be investigated. This project aims to develop a computational modelling framework to characterise mechanical properties of biological tissues, and to quantify tissue responses under mechanical loading. The thesis presents, first, mechanical responses of articular cartilages under different loadings using a poroelastic model. Unique in this study, collagen fibrils are treated separately from the rest of ECM, as they only resists tension. This leads to a fibril-reinforced poroelastic model. Effects of the distribution of the collagen fibrils and their orientation on tissue mechanical responses are investigated. Most of the effort has been on the mechanical stress distribution of the human left atrium and its correlation to electrophysiology patterns in atrial fibrillation. Detailed mechanical responses of the atrial wall to a step pressure increase in the left atrium are calculated. The geometry of the left atrium is based on patient specific images using cardio CT and incorporates variations of the atrial wall thickness as well as unique fibre orientation patterns. We hypothesize that areas of high von Mises stress are correlated to foci of abnormal electrophysiology sites which sustain cardiac arrhythmia. Results from this study show a positive correlation between them. To our knowledge, this is the first study that establishes the relationship between the atrial wall stress distribution and the atrial abnormal electrophysiology sites. The project also investigates hyperelastic properties of endothelial cells and the overlying endothelial glycocalyx, based on data from AFM micro-indentation. Both endothelial cells with & without the glycocalyx layer (i.e. following enzymatic digestion) are used. This is the first time that the mechanical property of the glycocalyx is estimated using an inverse biomechanical model.
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12

Bilyard, Thomas. "Single molecule studies of F1-ATPase and the application of external torque." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f369674-4105-4bf1-a0ce-023db1f8bd7f.

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F1-ATPase, the sector of ATP synthase where the synthesis of cellular ATP occurs, is a rotary molecular motor in its own right. Driven by ATP hydrolysis, direct observation of the rotation of the central axis within single molecules of F1 is possible. Operating at close to 100% efficiency, F1 from thermophilic Bacillus has been shown to produce ~40pN˙nm of torque during rotation. This thesis details the groundwork required for the direct measurement of the torque produced by F1 using a rotary angle clamp, an optical trapping system specifically designed for application to rotary molecular motors. Proof-of-concept experiments will be presented thereby demonstrating the ability to directly manipulate single F1 molecules from Escherichia coli and yeast mitochondria (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), along with activation of F1 out of its inhibited state by the application of external torque. Despite in-depth knowledge of the rotary mechanism of F1 from thermophilic Bacillus, the rotation of F1 from Escherichia coli is relatively poorly understood. A detailed mechanical characterization of E.coli F1 will be presented here, with particular attention to the ground states within the catalytic cycle, notably the ATP-binding state, the catalytic state and the inhibited state. The fundamental mechanism of E.coli F1 appears to depart little from that of F1 from thermophilic Bacillus, although, at room temperature, chemical processes occur faster within the E.coli enzyme, in line with considerations regarding the physiological conditions of the different species. Also presented here is the verification of the rotary nature of yeast mitochondrial F1. The torque produced by F1 from thermophilic Bacillus, E.coli and yeast mitochondria is the same, within experimental error, despite their diverse evolutionary and environmental origins.
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Huang, Hui-Pi. "Studies of the microenvironment and microflora of the canine external ear canal." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/678/.

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Gower, David Michael. "Studies on the role of the mammalian external ear in directional hearing." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1988. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3042/.

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The acoustical properties of the external ears of rabbits, rats and guinea pigs have been investigated by means of microphone or probe implants in the ear canal or tympanic bulla and by cochlear microphone (CM) recordings. The directional properties and transfer functions of the external ears were monitored using pure tones and broadband sound under anechoic conditions.
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McCausland, Robert John Hubert. "Studies of hot stars in the haloes of our own and external galaxies." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239013.

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16

Nosaka, Shoji. "STUDIES ON DEFORMATION AND SOLVENT PERMEATION OF POLYMER GELS INDUCED BY EXTERNAL FORCES." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/57246.

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17

Axén, Wrigfors Caroline, and Karin Eliasson. "Strategic Management : A combination of the internal and external perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1495.

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Strategic management has long been viewed as the concept and process that link an organization

and its environment together (Leibold, Probst & Gibbert, 2002). It consists of the

analysis, decisions and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain

competitive advantages (Dess, Lumpkin & Taylor, 2005).

Within the history of strategic management research there has been an unbalance between

the internal and the external perspective. During the 1980s Michael Porter, one of the most

prominent strategic management researchers, and his Five Forces model focused strictly on

the external competitive environment (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand & Lampel, 1998). Further, in

the 1990s the focus shifted from external to internal along with Jay Barney’s development

of the resource based theory in 1991 (Barney, 1991). The issue of excluding one or the

other perspective has now started to be acknowledged and researchers today are striving

for developing models integrating both perspectives. However, theoretical models existing

today that combine the two perspectives are complex and hard to apply in practice for

managers within the business world.

In order to address the complexity of the strategic management concept we have chosen to

develop a model with the purpose to connect and relate the external and internal perspectives

by conducting an in-depth analysis of a chosen company. The model also strives to be

easily communicated, applicable and understandable for managers and employees on different

levels within the organization. This leads us to the purpose of this thesis: “to develop

a simplified model that combines the external and internal perspective of strategic management

and apply this to a chosen company”.

The research was conducted through a case study based on the authors’ participation in a

PBM (Project Based Module) - project. The model was tested on the company in question

by analyzing the company’s internal and external environment with the means of analysis

tools such as PEST-analysis, strategic group analysis, threshold analysis and the SWOTanalysis.

To conclude it is important to balance an organization’s internal efforts with the external

market conditions and avoid excluding one or the other from the strategic management

process. Combining the two perspectives results in identifying the current capabilities and

competences and the direction of how to use these in order to meet market demands and

gain competitive advantage.

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Hodges, Julie Elizabeth. "The effects of external factors on levels of stress among middle managers in public libraries." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259578.

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Caudill, Courtney B. ""Mischiefs So Close to Each Other": External Relations of the Ohio Valley Shawnees, 1730-1775." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625770.

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20

Jaouni, Heba, Amela Zahirovic, and Frida Nordquist. "Jonsons Byggnads AB : Cultural changes after an external sale." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15806.

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Many family businesses will have to change owner during the coming years as those born in the 1940s will retire. Due to the fact that the younger generations follow their own pro-fessions and are not always interested in taking over the family business, complications may occur for the owner manager. In such cases the owners will have to take another action in passing over the company.The case of Jonsons Byggnads AB is a clear example of where the previous owner‟s sons followed their own passion of profession and were not interested to take over the family firm, which had been operating for around 50 years. This resulted in an external sale of the corporation to Fadi Babil, who today is the new sole owner of the company.This thesis will investigate how Jonsons Byggnads AB´s culture has been influenced by the external sale. What factors have changed within the company and why these changes oc-curred, are further discussed issues.A case study approach was chosen to achieve the purpose. Through a qualitative method an analysis will be implemented on the empirical data with the use of theoretical frame-work. The case concerns the corporate culture in Jonson‟s Byggnads AB. The empirical da-ta was collected through interviews and a survey.The results from the interviews and surveys showed that changes in Jonsons Byggnads AB‟s organizational culture have occurred. These changes have not harmed the company in any specific way although one can notice that the company is more focused on success and expansion of the company.
Många familjeföretag kommer att genomgå ett ägarbyte under de kommande åren då de födda på 1940-talet går i pension. På grund av att de yngre generationerna väljer att gå sin egen väg och inte alltid är intresserade av att ta över familjeföretaget kan komplikationer uppstå för ägarna. I sådana fall kommer ägarna tvingas hitta en annan lösning.Fallet Jonsons Byggnads AB är ett tydligt exempel på en sådan situation då ägarens söner valde att följa sina egna passioner och var inte intresserade av att ta över familjeföretaget, som hade varit i drift i cirka 50 år. Detta resulterade i en extern försäljning av bolaget till Fadi Babil, som idag är den nya ägaren av bolaget. Denna uppsats kommer att undersöka hur Jonsons Byggnads AB: s kultur har påverkats av en extern försäljningen. Vilka faktorer som har förändrats inom företaget samt varför dessa förändringar har skett.Författarna valde att utföra en fallstudie för att besvara frågeställningarna och genom en kvalitativ metod analyseras den empiriska datan med teorins hjälp. Fallet omfattar företags-kulturen på Jonsons Byggnads AB vars data samlades in genom intervjuer och enkäter. Re-sultaten från intervjuerna och enkäten visade oss att det har skett förändringar i Jonsons Byggnads AB: s företagskultur. Dessa förändringar har inte skadat bolaget på något särskilt sätt, men man kan meddela att företaget är mer inriktat på framgång och expansion än fö-retagskultur.
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Al-Yahya, H. A. R. "Studies on cirripede larvae with special reference to external features of cyprids from five families." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635737.

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The aim of this study was to describe the external features of cyprids from a range of families. A series of experiments was designed to improve rearing procedure. Algal concentrations and larval densities had significant effects on rearing success. High and low algal concentrations gave slower development and lower survival than an optimum. Rate of development and mortality were inversely proportional to larval density. An improved sequential feeding regime was established based on feeding the nauplii on a small celled alga for only the first three days (instead of the usual four), prior to the larger celled diet. The cyprids of nine species (five families) were reared in the laboratory - three species for the first recorded time. The naupliar stages of Pollicipes pollicipes were described here for the first time with scanning electron microscopy of each stage. Rate of naupliar development in this species was faster than of the California P. polymerus. Nauplii of these two species have similarities in shape and size. Dosima fascicularis larvae produced cyprids after 48 days. A comparative study of cyprids using S.E.M. shows great variations in certain morphological features. Valve mesosculpture ranged from intense (Pollicipes) to negligible (Semibalanus). Lattice organs ranged from 5 pairs (in most species) to absent (Semibalanus). New types of sensory patches were discovered and other new structures were described and discussed. Great variation was seen in the attachment disc of the antennules. Some have radially symmetrical sucker-like shape; others have bilaterally symmetrical attachment pads. Megatrema anglicum cyprid antennules have the most modified asymmetrical third article. Its elongate conical shape is adapted for penetrating the coenosarc of its coral host. A new mechanical function for use in temporary attachment is proposed for certain stiff setae.
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Leung, Pui-shan Joanne, and 梁佩珊. "The planning of external transport infrastructure for new towns in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575138.

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23

Hedin, Mattias, and Thérése Carlbrant. "External factors impacting firms marketing strategies : - A study of Swedish clean-tech firms." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-7123.

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It is said that eco innovation is the future of Europe’s competitiveness and by that Swedish companies face an exciting opportunity within the field of clean tech. This industry is expected to continue growing worldwide but Swedish companies still have a low export rate even though they have great potential due to their advanced technology. The purpose of this paper is to study the development of firms marketing strategies regarding product-market scope and differentiation and the impact of external conditions. The study will concentrate on the development of Swedish clean-tech firm’s marketing strategies in the U.S.

How the perception of competition is impacting entrant firms’ market strategies has been scrutinized with help from a model developed by the authors based on perception of barriers and incumbent’s market strategies.

The findings derived from three case companies claim that there is a relationship between the perception of barriers and incumbent’s market strategies on entrant firms’ market strategy. This implies that relying on advanced technology is not enough to become successful in new markets and that a successful market strategy is dependent on more than the product itself. The entrant firm must consider its situation and its options with help from their knowledge about barriers and incumbent’s market strategies.

 

Key words: Strategy, clean tech, barriers, product/market scope


Svenska miljöteknikföretags marknadsexpansion
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Brooks, Roger Frederick. "Internal service quality and its impact on external service quality : a study of the role of internal customer types and the dimensions which are used to assess internal suppliers within an organisation and how this affects external service quality." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10799/.

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This research explores the role of internal customers in the delivery of external service quality. It will consider any potentially different internal customer types that may exist within the organisation. Additionally, it will explore any potential differences in the dimensions that are used to measure service quality internally and externally. If there are different internal customer types then there may be different dimensions which are used to measure service quality between these types and this will be considered also. The approach adopted given the depth and breadth of understanding required, was an action research case based approach. The research objectives were: (i) To determine the dimensions of internal service quality between internal customer supplier cells. (ii) To determine what variation, if any, there is in the dimension sets between internal customer supplier cells. (iii) To determine any ranking in the dimensions that could exist by internal customer supplier cell type. (iv) To investigate the impact of internal service quality on external service quality over time. The research findings were: (i) The majority of the dimensions used in measuring external service quality were also used internally. There were additions of new dimensions however and some dimensions which were used externally, for internal use, had to be redefined. (ii) Variation in dimension sets were revealed during the research. Four different dimension sets were identified and these were matched with four different types of internal service interaction. (iii) Differences in the ranking of dimensions within each dimension set for each internal customer supplier cell type were confirmed. (iv) Internal service quality was seen to influence external service quality but at a cellular level rather than company level. At the company level, the average internal service quality at the start and finish of the research showed no improvement but external service quality had improved. Further investigation at the cellular level showed that improvements in internal service quality had occurred. Those improvements were found to be with the cells that were closest to the customer.
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Nordström, Therese. "Webbplatsfunktionerna hos fem av Sveriges största folkbibliotek : Med utgångspunkt i external cognition theory." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91354.

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The subject for the bachelor thesis is functions on public library websites in Sweden. The purpose is therefore to compare the functions of five Swedish public library websites with the goal of finding similarities, differences and possible patterns. The reason behind this is a lack of studies on public library websites internationally, as well as studies on library websites at a national level. The examined websites belong to Stockholm stadsbibliotek, Göteborg stadsbibliotek, Malmö stadsbibliotek, Uppsala stadsbibliotek and Umeå stadsbibliotek. The method used was a comparative content analysis. An observation schedule based on Mierzecka and Suminas’ model was also created for the material collection process and organization. Rogers and Scaifes’ external cognition theory was used as teorethical perspective. The findings show that there are similarities between the examined websites, which could be explained by their shared library type. There were also differences, that could be attributed to the fact that they have different levels of independence from the respective municipality's website. Lastly, there were patterns between the websites as well, that could be explained by their shared goal of meeting the users’ needs. But this is a limited study conducted on a small sample within a limited time frame. More research is therefore needed on this subject.
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Walker, Ruth Helen. "The striatum and the globus pallidus : studies of internal and external organisation in the basal ganglia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20273.

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The basal ganglia are crucial for the processing of motor commands received from the cerebral cortex, as is demonstrated by the disorders which following lesions of this area. For example in humans, Parkinson's disease and Huntingdon's chorea, which are hypo- and hyperkinetic disorders respectively, arise from degeneration of two intimately connected structures within the basal ganglia, the substantia nigra and the neostriatum. Increasingly, reciprocal connections between different nuclei have been described, suggesting that feedback loops are an integral part of this system. The globus pallidus receives most of its input from the striatum, and the medial part (the entopeduncular nucleus in lower species) is a major source of outflow from the basal ganglia. The afferent and efferent pathways of these nuclei are described. The first part of this thesis describes the anatomical and electrophysiological demonstration of a pathway from the globus pallidus in the rat to the neostriatum. The second part of the thesis discusses the cellular level of organization of the neostriatum. The discovery of histochemical compartmentalization in the striatum, called striosomes and matrix, has suggested an anatomical division of function, corresponding approximately to sensory-motor and limbic functions. The vast majority of cells in the striatum are of a single morphological type, medium sized densely spiny neurons, which receive most of the input, and are the source of output from the striatum. The second part of the thesis describes the development of a technique which has permitted the study of the relationship of the dendrites of these cells to the borders between compartments. Although the striosome/matrix division is defined histochemically, it was found that dendrites of medium spiny cells did not necessarily observe borders. This finding has implications in terms of the roles of these cells in integrating information from the two compartments.
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Aschikhin, Alexander [Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Numerical beam stability studies in external injection plasma-wakefield acceleration regimes / Alexander Aschikhin ; Betreuer: Bernhard Schmidt." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1181947138/34.

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28

Mukka, Sebastian. "Aspects on treatment of femoral neck fractures : studies on treatment methods, surgical approach and external validity." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ortopedi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108269.

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Femoral neck fracture (FNF) is a great challenge for today´s health care and is associated with high mortality and morbidity in the elderly.  In the short term several studies in the literature have demonstrated improved hip function, quality of life and fewer re-operations in elderly patients treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) instead of internal fixation (IF). There are few reports on the long-term outcome comparing IF and THA. The vast majority of orthopaedic departments in Sweden use the direct lateral (DL) or posteriolateral (PL) approaches for hip arthroplasty. The PL approach has been linked to an increased risk of dislocation of the prosthesis and a higher rate of revision surgery in comparison to the DL approach. There are few reports focusing on radiological risk factors for prosthetic dislocation and patient reported hip function comparing the two surgical approaches for hip arthroplasty in FNF. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard for evaluating medical or surgical interventions. An RCT of high quality has to be internally and externally valid. Internal validity refers to a correct study design to avoid bias skewing the results. External validity (EV) refers to whether the results will be clinically relevant to a definable group of patients and can be extrapolated to the general health care situation. There are only a few reports in the orthopaedic literature focusing on the EV of published studies and none in the field of hip fractures. Study I: This is a RCT of 100 patients with a displaced FNF comparing THA and IF. Follow-up evaluations were performed at three months and 1, 2, 4, 11 and 17 years. It was found that the Harris hip score (HHS) was higher and the rate of reoperations lower for patients treated with THA. Study II: This is a prospective cohort study of 185 hips, comparing the DL and the PL approaches in patients treated with a hemiarthroplasty (HA) for a displaced FNF. Follow-up was after 1 year. There was no difference in patient reported outcome between the groups measured with the HHS and WOMAC index. The PL approach resulted in a higher re-operation rate while the DL approach in a higher incidence of limping. Study III: This is a retrospective cohort study of 373 patients with a cemented bipolar HA using a PL approach for a FNF with a follow-up ranging from 6 months to 7 years. Radiographs and all surgical records were reviewed regarding femoral offset (FO), leg length discrepancy (LLD) and Wiberg angle. Patients with recurrent dislocations had a decreased postoperative FO, LLD and shallower acetabulum on the operated side compared with their controls. Study IV: This is a prospective cohort study of 840 hips comparing patients included in a RCT with those that did not give their informed consent (NC) or did not fulfill the criteria for participating in the trial (MS). Patients in the NC and MS groups had an increased mortality rate in comparison to those included in the study. We did not find any differences in hip function between these groups. The main conclusions of this thesis are: Healthy and lucid elderly patients with good hip function preoperatively, should be treated with THA for a displaced FNF. The DL approach is favourable in treating displaced FNF with HA due to its decreased risk of reoperation but with an identical hip function outcome as the PL approach. Care should be taken to restore the LLD and FO otherwise this may increase the risk of recurrent dislocation of a HA. Our findings suggest that trial participants had a lower mortality rate than non-participants but the functional outcome of non-participants appeared to be satisfactory. This is important to take into consideration when extrapolating study results to a health care system.
Lårbenshalsfrakturer (FNF) är en utmaning för dagens sjukvård och förknippad med hög mortalitet i den äldre befolkningen. FNF orsakas främst av lågenergitrauma efter fall i samma plan hos patienter med benskörhet. Total höftledsprotes (THA) har visat sig ge en bättre höftfunktion, livskvalitet med färre omoperationer hos äldre patienter än sluten reposition samt fixering med skruvar (IF) under de första två-fyra åren efter operation. Få studier har publicerats med långtidsuppföljning av THA jämfört med IF. Vid behandling av felställd FNF med halv höftledsplastik (HA) eller THA finns olika kirurgiska metoder (snittföring) för implantation av protesen. Majoriteten av ortopedkliniker i Sverige använder direkt lateral (DL) eller posteriolateral (PL) snittföring. PL har kopplats till en ökad risk för luxation av protesen (urledsvridning), vilket i sin tur genererat en högre risk för omoperation jämfört med DL. Få studier har utvärderat höftfunktion med avseende på snittföring. Detsamma gäller vilka radiologiska faktorer som påverkar risken förprotesluxation. Det finns olika typer av studiedesigner för utvärdering av medicinska och kirurgiska behandlingsmetoder. Studiedesignen med högst bevisvärde anses vara den randomiserade kontrollerade studien (RCT). För att en RCT skall hålla hög kvalitet krävs intern och extern validitet. Intern validitet syftar på ett korrekt studieupplägg som mäter det som avses och undviker påverkan av icke önskvärda faktorer. Extern validitet (EV) innebär att erhållna resultat från studien är generaliserbara och kan extrapoleras till andra grupper än den studerade. Det inga rapporter i ortopediska litteraturen med fokus på EV med patienter som drabbats av FNF. Studie I: Prospektiv randomiserad studie av 100 patienter med en felställd FNF jämförs THA med IF med avseende på höftfunktion och reoperationer. Uppföljning gjordes efter tre månader samt 1, 2, 4, 11 och 17 år. HHS som mått på höftfunktion var högre och andelen reoperationer lägre för patienter som behandlades med THA. Studie II: Prospektiv kohortstudie med 183 patienter med felställd FNF behandlade med HA och antingen DL eller PL. Vi fann ingen skillnad i patientrapporterad höftfunktion utvärderat med HHS och WOMAC efter 1 år men en ökad förekomst av hälta vid DL. Studie III: Retrospektiv kohortstudie av 373 patienter opererade med en cementerad bipolär HA och PL. Postoperativa röntgenbilder granskades avseende femoral offset (FO), postoperativ benlägdsskillnad (LLD) samt acetabulär Wibergvinkel och relaterades till återkommande protesluxationer. Detta relaterades till återkommande luxationer. Uppföljningstiden varierade mellan 6 månader och 7 år. Patienter med återkommande luxationer hade en minskad postoperativ global FO, förkortad LLD och grundare acetabulum på den opererade sidan jämfört med kontroller. Studie IV: Prospektiv kohortstudie av 840 patienter med felställd FNF där patienter som ingick i en RCT jämförs med de som inte gav sitt samtycke för deltagande eller ej inkluderats i screeningprocessen. De patienterna som inte gav sitt samtycke hade ökad dödlighet, men ingen skillnad i höftfunktion jämfört med deltagare. Slutsatser • Friska och kognitivt vitala äldre patienter med god höftfunktion innan en felställd lårbenshalsfraktur bör behandlas med total höftledsprotes. • DLsnittföring ger ett lika bra patientrapporterad höftfunktion men en ökad förekomst av hälta jämfört med PL snitt vid behandling med halvprotes på grund av en felställd lårbenshalsfraktur. • Ansträngning bör göras för att återställa benlängdsskillnad samtfemoral offset och därigenom minska risken för återkommande luxation. • Våra resultat tyder på att patienter som deltar i en randomiserad studie har lägre dödlighet än patienter som avböjt att delta samt de som missats i screeningprocessen. Det är viktigt att ta hänsyn till när extrapolerar studieresultat till ett hälso-och sjukvårdssystem. Detta bör vägas in i värderingen av studieresultatens externa validitet.
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Habimana, Andre. "The effects of external debt burden on capital accumulation: a case study of Rwanda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_2877_1177928061.

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30

Cornelissen, Joep Paul. "The organisation of external communications disciplines in UK companies : a conceptual and empirical analysis of dimensions and determinants." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324055.

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31

Leijonmarck, Gustaf. "In the Name of God - or not : A study on how external actor religiosity may affect rebel groups." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412274.

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This thesis seeks to answer the question of why some rebel movements choose to take on a religious character, and why some do not, even in cases where they share many characteristics. This thesis argues that a religious or secular framing is a tool that can be tactically utilised by rebel groups in order to further their goals and strengthen their position.   Given the fact that rebel groups usually start out at an inherent resource disadvantage, securing external support is paramount for any rebel group to stand a fighting chance. External actors need to be talked into supporting these rebel groups, and are more likely to support rebel groups with whom they share certain characteristics. This thesis argues that one of the main ways in which insurgent groups can seek to lobby or appease external actors is through aligning its religiosity to fit that of the external actor. Through examining the lifespan of two separate ethnic insurgencies in Pakistan, that of the Baloch and of the Pashtun, and tracing that to the religiosity of the latest iterations of insurgent groups within these long-standing conflicts, the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and the Tehreek-e-Taliban (TTP), which have taken very different paths when it comes to religiosity despite their similar origins, and examining their potential external backers and the influence they may have had, this thesis found that foreign backer religiosity might be a powerful determinant in influencing insurgent religiosity.
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Poblete, Leon, and Elin Grimsholm. "Internal and External factors hampering SME growth : a qualitative case study of SMEs in Thailand." Thesis, Gotland University, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-529.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand are very important to economic growth and considerably essential to generate employment as in many other developing countries. SMEs account for 99.5% of the overall enterprises in Thailand while their contribution to the overall employment account for around 76% of all jobs. However, SMEs growth rate is still at a low level. Hence, this is qualitative study of the external and internal factors hampering the growth of SMEs in Thailand. Regarding external factors, there are a number of obstacles constraining their growth such as access to finance, competition, corruption, barriers to trade and macroeconomic factors as amongst some of the most significant issues. In terms of internal factors, there are also important constrains hindering their growth, for instance, poor management competences, lack of skilled labour, deficiencies in marketing strategies, little efforts on R&D, lack of new technology and low awareness concerning CSR are identified as some of the most important obstacles.

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Hoffstaedter, Franziska. "Internal and external communication for sustainable development : Case study on the municipality of Gnosjö." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49498.

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Sweden hosted the first environmental development conference in 1972 and since then has been a European role model in sustainability issues (UN, 1972), following the triple bottom line: concern for the planet, people and profit (Coombs & Holladay, 2012). The present study deals with the application of micro-ethnography in sustainable communication, in the case of the municipality of Gnosjö in Sweden. Based on internal, external and strategic communication literature, the case study of Gnosjö, in which different areas of organisational communication were represented and how they affected the sustainable development of the organisation, is presented and analysed. It was investigated, which communication channels the municipality uses, how these channels look like and which aspects influence the communication and its development. The approaches of micro-ethnography were applied to collect and evaluate data. For this purpose, data were collected from participating observations with employees at Gnosjö town hall and the collection of seven interviews with informants from the fields of communication and sustainability and constantly compared.  The exploratory data analysis reveals how the employees remained powerless in performing their work routine. Politicians, as the main decision-makers, play an important role in the development of the municipality. Therefore, they should attend training programs to understand the importance of sustainable communication internally and externally.
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34

Elkatawneh, Hassan Hmoud. "Grievance Group Index, State Legitimacy Index, External Intervention Index, and Global Terrorism." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7288.

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The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to obtain a more accurate diagnosis of the factors that incite terrorism through examining the extent to which independent variables (the Group Grievance Index (GGI), the Legitimate State Index (LSI), and the External Intervention Index (EII)) can predict the dependent variable (the level of global terrorism (GTI)) for the period between 2006-2017. The study included data from the 162 member states of the United Nations, covering 99.7% of the world's population. Game theory and the political process theory provided the theoretical frameworks for the study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of the interaction on the relation between GGI, SLI, EII, and GTI. The results of the study showed that the relationship between the level of terrorism and the independent variables varies according to the level of terrorism. Interaction between GGI, SLI, and EII was negatively associated with GTI in countries with low GTI risk with an adjusted odds ratio 0.99, but in the countries with a medium and high level of GTI, the relationship was positive, and the adjusted odds ratio was respectively 1.01 and 1.02. The findings benefit international and national security decision-makers by identifying the nature of the relationship between terrorism and the factors affecting it. As well, the importance of considering the interaction between variables that affect terrorism. The results of the study may serve to bring social change within government cultures in the third world when dealing with minorities and grievance groups. Furthermore, it may motivate third world nations to achieve legitimate representation within all social strata and push the international community to reduce interference in the affairs of other sovereign nations.
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Maddox, Elizabeth D. "Generic Identification and Patterns of External Pigment in Larval Gobies (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the Belize Barrier Reef." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617646.

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36

Svobodova, Valerie. "Redefining Protection Intervention in Humanitarian Aid through External Factors: A Case Study of Niger." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6683.

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The magnitude of internal displacement worldwide is growing every year and represents a tripling of the existing number of refugees worldwide. Internally displaced persons have specific vulnerabilities and the system of assistance to them needs to be adapted and revised. The purpose of this case study was to identify external factors that influence protection interventions for internally displaced persons in humanitarian response. Using Benet's Polarities of Democracy theory and the Theory of Change Conceptual Framework as a framework, the study sought to identify key external factors influencing protection intervention in humanitarian aid settings. Data for this study was gathered through focus group discussions with internally displaced persons in Niger. Key informant and protection cluster members were interviewed and an online survey conducted. In total, 38 persons participated. Content analysis was used to identify significant themes. The data revealed that multiple external factors impacted the effectiveness of protection intervention in humanitarian action. The central theme was a need for strengthened accountability towards affected populations, with other major themes, including donors and their influence; quality of programs - holistic approach, external attention to the crisis; coordination; nature of the crisis; security; position of the government; and data and analysis, also emerging. The findings shed light on the vulnerability of protection intervention in humanitarian settings, and open opportunities for further research in this topic.
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Poteat, Laura F. "Mentorship racial composition and the judgments made by individuals external to the relationship." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2151.

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The purpose of this study was to examine how the racial composition of a mentoring relationship influences three types of judgments made by individuals external to the relationship: (1) causal attributions formed to explain successful protégé performance; (2) evaluations of protégé career advancement potential; and (3) reward recommendations for the mentor and protégé. Additionally, the associations among causal attributions, evaluations of potential, and reward recommendations were investigated. A 2 (protégé race: white vs. black) x 2 (mentor race: white vs. black) factorial between-subjects design was used. Mentor and protégé races were manipulated within a written vignette. After reading the vignette, participants responded to items measuring their judgments about the mentor and protégé depicted in the vignette. The final sample consisted of 194 white, employed individuals. Overall, results did not support the hypothesized racial effects on the three types of judgments. However, support was found for the predicted associations among the different judgment types. Implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
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Jeffs, Chris. "Knowledge transfer and the use of social networks in the biopharmaceutical industry : an investigation into the micro-foundations of external absorptive capacity." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2013. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/13335/.

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In order to grow, the pharmaceutical sector has had to heavily rely on both formal and informal innovation networks. However, many analysts consider that the industry has not achieved its growth potential and suggest that this is in part due to the inherent organisational barriers to knowledge transfer that exist in the pharmaceutical sector. This thesis provides a critical review of the knowledge transfer literature; with particular reference to absorptive capacity, social capital and external knowledge transfer meta-routines. The study takes a pragmatic critical realist approach, using a two stage critical incident technique to elucidate the micro-foundations of problem solving routines as a proxy for knowledge transfer. Thematic analysis on the resulting narratives identifies routinized patterns of information seeking behaviour, reveals the micro-foundations of template use and provides insights into how scientists recognise value in the knowledge that they find. The study answers calls to research the role of the individual in organisational routines; to uncover the micro-foundations of external absorptive capacity and to determine how value is recognised in new knowledge. A model is proposed that suggests that recognising the value of new knowledge is a construct that is influenced by factors which affect the perceived information quality, the relative subjectivity of the solution and the source’s social-identity. The value of knowledge is also further corroborated with the support of other materials or through a wider stakeholder involvement. The study has adopted a ‘strategy-as-practice’ approach and contributes to organisational practice by examining how informal external knowledge transfer through problem solving in a biopharmaceutical organisation is accomplished. These insights enable the author to suggest a number of managerial strategies by which pharmaceutical managers might recognise, optimise and facilitate the use of informal networks; whilst protecting their intellectual property and maintaining the potential for innovation.
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Iwakami, Naotsugu. "Optimal Sampling in Derivation Studies was Associated with Improved Discrimination in External Validation for Heart Failure Prognostic Models." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259731.

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40

Emgård, Per. "External otitis and its treatment : is a group III steroid without antibiotics sufficent therapy? Experimental and clinical studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Öron- näs- och halssjukdomar, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-607.

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ABSTRACT External otitis and its treatment. Is a group III steroid without antibiotics sufficient therapy? – Experimental and clinical studies Per Emgård, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Umeå and Ystad Hospital, Umeå and Ystad, Sweden External otitis is one of the most common ear, nose and throat (ENT) diagnoses in out-patient clinics. The clinical course of external otitis includes itching, pain, redness, swelling and effusion of the external auditory canal (EAC) with normal tympanic membrane status. The inflammatory condition is often associated with infection by bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or skin bacteria such as Staphylococcus species. Fungi are present only in a low percentage of cases and if present Candida albicans infection is the most frequent in northern countries such as Sweden and the UK. Topical therapy is recommended in most countries and dominates the therapy in most studies. Topical drugs used are usually a combination of antibiotics and a steroid. However, external otitis is treated with surprisingly many strategies – eleven different ones in Sweden, for example, and 18 in the UK. The aims of the present studies were to – -establish an animal model, infected and uninfected, suitable for testing various treatment strategies of external otitis; and -perform a clinical study in patients to elucidate whether a group III steroid alone is as efficient for treatment of external otitis as is the commonly used topical drug containing a combination of a steroid and antibiotics. The animal model was established through mechanical irritation of the external ear canal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats. An evaluation scale for characterization of the clinical status of the ear canal was introduced, recording redness, swelling and occurrence of effusion in a standardized way. Specimens of the ear canal skin were analysed by histological techniques. A topical solution of 0.05% bethametasone dipropionate (BD) was compared with a 1% hydrocortisone solution with antibiotics oxytetracycline and polymyxin B added (HCPB), administered in the external otitis model infected or non-infected with bacteria (P. aeruginosa) and a fungus (C. albicans). The same drugs were tested in a randomized parallel-group multi-centre study in 51 patients. The clinical status of the external otitis patients was evaluated on a similar scale as used in the animal model. Early normalization of the ear canal skin status and frequency of relapses during the 6-month follow-up period were used as end-points of the study. The studies showed the following: -An animal model for external otitis, infected or uninfected, could be established. -A new scale for evaluation of the external ear canal status with regard to redness, swelling and occurrence of effusion was introduced for the animal model as well as for the investigations in patients. -Treatment with a group III steroid topical solution without antibiotics was superior to treatment with a group I steroid with antibiotics added in achieving resolution of external otitis. -The effectiveness of the topical drugs in the clinical studies in external otitis patients was similar to that in animal external otitis models. We conclude that a group III steroid solution cures external otitis more effectively than does a solution containing a group I steroid combined with antibiotics, whether infected by bacteria or by fungi. No difference was evident regarding adverse effects. Furthermore, costs favour a solution without any antibiotic components. In view of these observations a group III steroid solution is preferred for remedy of external otitis in the clinical situation. Key words: external otitis, external auditory canal (EAC), animal model, treatment, betamethasone, hydrocortisone, antibiotics, human study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans.
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Emgård, Per. "External otitis and its treatment. Is a group III steroid without antibiotics sufficient therapy? : experimental and clinical studies /." Umeå : Klinisk vetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-607.

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42

Baurain, Thomas S. "Development of a continuing education course "Christians in a scientific world" Division of External Studies Moody Bible Institute /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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43

McTavish, Duncan. "Case studies in British management, public and business sectors 1900-present : an analysis of internal and external management." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4776/.

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44

Nanabhay, Yasmin. "Non-compliance with external control measures in selected case studies within the national sphere of the public sector." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2426.

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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014.
Ethical conduct displayed by members of the public sector is integral to creating a sustainable democratic government, which upholds the constitutional tenets of accountability, transparency and professional ethicality. Furthermore, a true constitutional democracy emphasises and advocates the notion of service leadership that nurtures public participation and engages with citizens in a positive manner. Ethical conduct in the public sector earns public trust; it is hence a key principle in good governance. Yet, in the years since the advent of democracy in South Africa, the government has been plagued by rampant corruption and maladministration by public officials and politicians in leadership positions. The external control measures passed by government in an attempt to ensure ethicality and accountability within the public sector include codes of ethics, rules of conduct and the enactment of legislation. These are intended to shape the mindset of members of the public sector, with the ultimate aim of an efficient, effective, ethical and responsive public service. The purpose of the current study is to analyse non-compliance with external control measures within the public sector by means of selected case studies and to present the reasons for this occurrence. The three cases selected are: the South African Arms Deal, the corruption trial of Jackie Selebi, and the investigation of Bheki Cele regarding irregularities in the procurement of SAPS assets, the latter two who served as National Commissioners of the South African Police Service but were each dismissed from that post. The reasons for non-compliance with external control measures in the public sector as well as recommendations based on the findings to improve compliance will be undertaken. The three case studies demonstrate the experience and impact of corruption and/or maladministration, which have contributed to the increasing loss of confidence in political leadership in the country as elsewhere in the world. A qualitative methodology of inquiry, including a review of literature covering the theories applied to the case studies will be employed. Owing to the subject nature of the current study, the findings will be validated by an independent source, which has been identified as the Office of the Public Protector.
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45

Barreiro, Fidalgo Alexandre. "Experimental studies of radiation-induced dissolution of UO2 : The effect of intrinsic solid phase properties and external factors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205605.

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Dissolution of the UO2 matrix is one of the potential routes for radionuclide release in a future deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel. This doctoral thesis focuses on interfacial reactions of relevance in radiation-induced dissolution of UO2 and is divided in two parts: In the first part, we sought to explore the effects of solid phase composition: The impact of surface stoichiometry on the reactivity of UO2 towards aqueous radiolytic oxidants was studied. H2O2 reacts substantially faster with stoichiometric UO2 than with hyperstoichiometric UO2. In addition, the release of uranium from stoichiometric UO2 is lower than from hyperstoichiometric UO2. The behavior of stoichiometric powder changes with exposure to H2O2, approaching the behavior of hyperstoichiometric UO2 with the number of consecutive H2O2 additions. The impact of Gd-doping on the oxidative dissolution of UO2 in an aqueous system was investigated. A significant decrease in uranium dissolution and higher stability towards H2O2 for (U,Gd)O2 pellets compared to standard UO2 was found. In the second part, we sought to look at the effect of external factors: The surface reactivity of H2 and O2 was studied to understand the overall oxide surface reactivity of aqueous molecular radiolysis products. The results showed that hydrogen-abstracting radicals and H2O2 are formed in these systems. Identical experiments performed in aqueous systems containing UO2 powder showed that the simultaneous presence of H2 and O2 enhances the oxidative dissolution of UO2 compared to a system not containing H2. The effect of groundwater components such as bentonite and sulfide on the oxidative dissolution of UO2 was also explored. The presence of bentonite and sulfide in water could either delay or prevent in part the release of uranium to the environment. The Pd catalyzed H2 effect is more powerful than the sulfide effect. The poisoning of Pd catalyst is not observed under the conditions studied.

QC 20170421

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46

Lambertson, David L. "New England Bible College external studies course Bi 116, General Epistles (1-2 Peter, Jude, 1-3 John)." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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47

Court-Brown, Charles Michael. "The Hughes external fixation device : studies of its biochemical properties, effect on fracture healing and its clinical application." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26412.

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External skeletal fixation devices first appeared in clinical practice in the 1850's. Their use has mainly been confined to Europe although North American surgeons developed an interest in the 1930's. In the last few years, however, there has been a reawakening of interest in external fixation in North America and Great Britain leading to a proliferation of different external fixation devices. Although some experimental work has been done on the biomechanics of some of the more complex fixators very little is known about the optimal configuration of application of most devices. Additionally there is scanty information on the effect that external fixation has on bone healing. This thesis examines the Hughes unilateral external fixator from three aspects. 1) Its biomechanica1 properties are examined and the stiffest mode of application defined. The effects of altering this configuration are shown. A comparison is made with the Hoffmann device. 2) The effect of external fixation on bone healing is examined. A small fixator is used to immobilise rabbit tibial osteotomies and the effect on healing and bone blood flow compared with an osteotomy treated with a cast. 3) A prospective study of the clinical use of the Hughes fixator is presented. An analysis is made of the use of the device in treating tibial fractures. Biomechanical study: This was undertaken using beech as a bone substitute. A jig was constructed so that different loads could be applied to a simulated fracture held by a Hughes fixator. It was found that the stiffest configuration of the Hughes occurred with the fixator bar close to the limb. The inner pin should be as close to the fracture as possible with the outer pin as far from the fracture as is practical. The effect of altering the location of the bar from a lateral to an antero-media 1 location as used on the tibia was to lower the stiffness, although only to the level of stiffness gained using a Hoffmann-Vida 1 double frame. The effect of altering the stiffest configuration was examined. Bone healing and blood flow study: New Zealand white rabbits were used to investigate bone healing and blood flow using a small external fixator designed for the experiment. Bilateral tibial osteotomies were made and one was stabilised with the small fixator with the contra-1atera1 osteotomy being treated in a long-leg cast. After a period of between one and ten weeks the rabbits were sacrificed but prior to this were injected with radioactive microspheres. Comparison of the blood flow in the two fracture sites showed a considerable increase in flow in the cast-treated leg after four weeks. A review of the histology showed that external fixation altered bone healing. The externally fixed leg showed less periosteal reaction but enhanced endochondral ossification and intra-medullary ossification. Clinical study: A three year prospective study of the use of the Hughes fixator was undertaken. The device was mainly used for the treatment of tibial fractures although humeral fractures and pelvic diastases were also treated. In addition a number of osteotomies and an arthrodesis were stabilised with the device. A study of the tibial fractures showed that the eventual outcome of the fracture was dependent on the initial reduction and the length of time that the fixator was applied. Other parameters did not matter.
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48

Paprzycki, Peter Pawel. "Developing a Methodological Framework for the Analysis of Perceptions: A Case Study of the National Public Opinion Survey “The EU in the Eyes of Asia-Pacific”." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430493813.

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49

Rotolo, Timothy. "The Effectiveness of ASEAN under External Pressure: Cases of Myanmar's Accession and the South China Sea Disputes." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/769.

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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is guided by a collection of principles known as the ASEAN Way, which emphasizes sovereignty and consensus. When external pressures have forced ASEAN to face contentious issues, internal divisions have torn at the group’s cohesion, and consensus has proved difficult to reach. When Myanmar’s military dictatorship was put on the fast track to ASEAN membership in the mid-1990s, democratic Thailand and the Philippines objected, and strong Western pressure to delay Burmese accession put the group in a difficult spot. Fifteen years later, territorial disputes in the South China Sea pitted ASEAN claimant states against non-claimant counterparts inclined to support an assertive and wealthy China’s point of view. In the first case, reaction against US attempts to sway ASEAN’s decision united the group in support of Myanmar’s admission; in the second case, China’s economic inducements succeeded in dividing the group, to the extent that a 2012 summit ended in disagreement and rancor. ASEAN will need to revise some aspects of the ASEAN Way, particularly sovereignty norms, and create greater binding force to generate the cohesion necessary to effectively deal with future regional problems.
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50

Zabrovskaya, Evgenia, and Inesa Laur. "UNDRESSING INTERACTIONS: the effect of interactions on performance in multi-project settings." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12774.

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Contemporary companies work in complex environment comprising many simultaneous running projects, i.e. multi-project settings. To a large extend those projects are interdependent and are multi-professionally constituted of representatives from customers, suppliers, other business partners and researchers from academia. The success of projects, particularly in the multi-project setting, is dependent of the collaboration and interaction among those actors involved. The aim of this article is to explore the dynamics of interactions with external actors, such as customers, suppliers, other business partners and academia and investigate the effect of interactions on performance in multi-project settings. The methodology is based on a mixed-method approach, comprising a quantitative survey and a complementary case study. The quantitative survey questions are based on the extended literature study of project management interactions. The case study was selected in order to create a deeper understanding of the processes of interaction, barriers to interactions and the outcome in terms of project performance. The results show that interactions with external actors positively influence performance in terms of estimated quality, time, and cost, innovations and actor satisfaction.
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