Relevant bibliographies by topics / External studies

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'External studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "External studies"

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Gilbert, Ethel S. "Studies of Workers Exposed to External Radiation." Health Physics 74, no. 1 (January 1998): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199801000-00003.

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Gavrilescu, Maria, and Radu Z. Tudose. "Mixing studies in external-loop airlift reactors." Chemical Engineering Journal 66, no. 2 (February 1997): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(96)03177-4.

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Gilbert, E. S., I. Thierry-Chef, E. Cardis, J. J. Fix, and M. Marshall. "External Dose Estimation for Nuclear Worker Studies." Radiation Research 166, no. 1 (July 2006): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/rr3126.1.

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Mantz, U., B. Steck, K. Thonke, R. Sauer, F. Schäffler, and H. J. Herzog. "layers under external uniaxial stress: photoluminescence studies." Applied Surface Science 102 (August 1996): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(96)00071-2.

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Flannery, Eóin. "External Association." Third Text 19, no. 5 (September 2005): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528820500232231.

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Prasad B.S, Naveen, and Velan M. "Mass Transfer Studies On External Loop Airlift Reactor." International Journal on Applied Bio-Engineering 3, no. 2 (2009): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18000/ijabeg.10046.

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Luding, S., E. Clément, A. Blumen, J. Rajchenbach, and J. Duran. "Studies of columns of beads under external vibrations." Physical Review E 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 1634–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.49.1634.

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Campion, Mick, and Patrick Guiton. "Economic instrumentalism and integration in Australian External Studies." Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning 6, no. 2 (June 1991): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268051910060203.

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Penland, Lynn R., and William C. Hine. "External Studies Degree: Profile of a Successful Program." Journal of Continuing Higher Education 37, no. 1 (January 1989): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07377366.1989.10401160.

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Manjunatha, H. C., and B. Rudraswamy. "Studies on External Bremsstrahlung in thick target compounds." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 572, no. 2 (March 2007): 958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.073.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "External studies"

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Kelly, Stephen. "Theoretical studies of a mode-locked external cavity laser." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47500.

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Slack, Richard. "Voluntary disclosure narrative : reporting content, stakeholders, external materiality and usefulness." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3367/.

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This PhD by published work comprises 11 papers published between 2006 and 2009. The research is focussed upon voluntary and related financial reporting by UK companies in their annual report. The level, and more importantly, the importance of voluntary disclosure has significantly increased over the last 20 years (Campbell, Moore and Shrives, 2006) and this submission provides academic and policy relevant contributions to that field. The papers make specific contributions to the extant literature in discrete areas primarily; philanthropy, social and environmental reporting. These 11 publications adopt a range of research methods appropriate to different research questions. The qualitative papers demonstrate successful engagement with a number of high level participant stakeholders from the building society sector, fair trade organisations and UK capital markets as well as capturing disclosure content relevant to other stakeholder groups. Other papers have adopted a positivist approach with appropriate longitudinal and cross sectional data used to test theory. Two of the research projects relating to strategic philanthropy and decision–usefulness of disclosure were supported by external research funding and therefore demonstrate the policy relevance and impact of the research contribution in those areas. Within the commentary, the research is presented in two sections, followed by a conclusion which shows the research impact of the publications and the international dissemination of the research contribution and findings. The key findings of Section 1 show the financial and non-financial influences on levels of philanthropy; inconsistency of philanthropy policy reporting; social disclosure responses to legitimacy threats and the reporting validity of the annual report; a holistic approach to responsible business practice and insights into the mainstreaming of Fair Trade. Section 2 provides findings into the decision-usefulness of a range of voluntary disclosure narratives in the annual report, developed in detail in respect of environmental disclosures and related risk factors and insights into the current issues facing accounting.
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Wikfeldt, Emma. "Generalising from Case Studies." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32565.

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The generalisability of case study findings is heavily criticised in the scientific community. This study attempts to answer to what extent generalisation is possible, through a literature review. Resources were collected by searching in databases and in reference lists. A presentation of arguments from both sides will follow, finding that generalisation is possible to almost the same extent as quantitative research, if done correctly and carefully, with great concern and accuracy.
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Rydholm, Susanna. "Studies of cellular responses to external stimuli in engineered microenvironments /." Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11819.

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Shtogun, Yaroslav. "Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Under External Factors: Adsorption, Mechanical Deformations, Defects, and External Electric Fields." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1771.

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Carbon nanotubes have unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and transport properties which make them an important element of nanoscience and nanotechnology. However, successful application and integration of carbon nanotubes into new nanodevices requires fundamental understanding of their property changes under the influence of many external factors. This dissertation presents qualitative and quantitative theoretical understanding of property changes, while carbon nanotubes are exposed to the deformations, defects, external electric fields, and adsorption. Adsorption mechanisms due to Van der Waals dispersion forces are analyzed first for the interactions of graphitic materials and biological molecules with carbon nanotubes. In particular, the calculations are performed for the carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, DNA bases, and their radicals on the surface of carbon nanotubes in terms of binding energies, structural changes, and electronic properties alterations. The results have shown the importance of many-body effects and discrete nature of system, which are commonly neglected in many calculations for Van der Waals forces in the nanotube interactions with other materials at nanoscale. Then, the effect of the simultaneous application of two external factors, such as radial deformation and different defects (a Stone Wales, nitrogen impurity, and mono-vacancy) on properties of carbon nanotubes is studied. The results reveal significant changes in mechanical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of nanotubes. The complicated interplay between radial deformation and different kinds of defects leads to the appearance of magnetism in carbon nanotubes which does not exist in perfect ones. Moreover, the combined effect of radial deformation and external electric fields on their electronic properties is shown for the first time. As a result, metal-semiconductor or semiconductor-metal transitions occur and are strongly correlated with the strength and direction of external electric field and the degree of radial deformations.
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Bothén, Niklas, Erik Brantås, and Carl Johan Stening. "Who Matters?! : External stakeholder analysis in projects." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127099.

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Stakeholder management is a topic that has received increased attention in later years. Researchers have tried to answer the question of which stakeholders that really matters to organizations and developed ways for identifying and prioritizing among stakeholders. This thesis fills a void in academia by looking exclusively on external stakeholders in large and complex projects such as the construction of power plants. The thesis investigates the approach towards external stakeholders as well as the process of identifying and prioritizing external stakeholders in this specific setting. By using attributes identified in earlier research, a theoretical framework was created that was used to investigate two of Sweden’s largest companies through a qualitative case study. The thesis describe how stakeholder identification and prioritization occurs in the different case companies and ultimately contribute with a new model that can be used by managers to prioritize among external stakeholder in organizational projects.

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Naidoo, Dhanasagran. "Organisational culture and external quality assurance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1467.

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Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organisational culture and external quality assurance in higher education have both drawn significant attention to their promise of greater organisational effectiveness and efficiency and enhanced, improved higher education respectively. In recent years, these constructs have been linked by an assumption that an organisational culture that is amenable to change would be more receptive to the introduction of formal external quality‐assurance structures, systems and instruments, as these are aimed at effective and efficient higher education practices, processes and outcomes. However, this assumption has not been sufficiently tested given that there are significant philosophical, conceptual and methodological controversies and contestations surrounding both constructs. While the organisational culture literature has been littered with a proliferation of paradigms and, albeit, fragmented theories, there has been a paucity of theory building in the corresponding literature on quality in higher education in general and on the impact of external quality assurance on institutions specifically. A qualitative case study was conducted at a newly merged university of technology to investigate two taken‐for‐granted assumptions: first, that organisational cultures are homogenous, unitary and centred around shared values and could therefore easily be manipulated (usually from the top by management), and second, that the introduction of external quality assurance is an unproblematic technology that will be accepted without question by higher education institutions as it was premised upon the laudable aim of improving the quality of those institutions. A conceptual four‐perspective framework was developed to critically evaluate the literature and provide the basis for the threedimensional model used in analysing the findings. The research generated several key conclusions that appear to challenge commonly held and articulated positions with regard to organisational culture and external quality assurance. First, organisational culture should be considered as being more ephemeral than concrete, multidimensional than singular, characterised simultaneously by conflict, consensus and indifference and in a constant state of flux. Second, external quality assurance is not necessarily a value‐free and neutral exercise aimed at improving the quality of teaching and learning, as promised in its early conceptualisation and implementation. Third, multiple cultures may exist simultaneously, interact with and influence each other constantly and of course determine interactions within the organisation and the nature of engagement with externally originated initiatives. Fourth, external quality assurance has purposes that go beyond its often morally just and public‐good motives as it tacitly and overtly acts as an agent of control, empowerment and transformation and simultaneously as an agent of the state, though not necessarily to the same extent.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Organisatoriese kultuur en eksterne gehalteversekering in hoër onderwys het albei die aandag in groot mate gevestig op hulle belofte van groter organisatoriese doeltreffendheid en doelmatigheid en gevorderde, verbeterde hoër onderwys onderskeidelik. In die afgelope paar jaar is hierdie konstrukte byeengebring deur ʼn veronderstelling dat ʼn organisatoriese kultuur wat vatbaar is vir verandering, meer ontvanklik sal wees vir die invoer van formele eksterne strukture, stelsels en instrumente vir gehalteversekering, aangesien dit op doeltreffende en doelmatige praktyke, prosesse en uitkomste vir en van hoër onderwys gerig is. Hierdie aanname is egter nie voldoende getoets nie gegee die feit dat daar aansienlike filosofiese, konseptuele en metodologiese strydvrae en twispunte ten opsigte van albei konstrukte bestaan. Terwyl literatuur oor organisatoriese kultuur deur ʼn magdom paradigmas en weliswaar gefragmenteerde teorieë oorweldig is, was teoriebou in die ooreenstemmende literatuur oor gehalte in hoër onderwys in die algemeen en oor die impak van eksterne gehalteversekering op instellings in die besonder redelik skaars. ʼn Kwalitatiewe gevallestudie is onderneem by ʼn universiteit van tegnologie wat onlangs saamgesmelt het om twee aannames wat as vanselfsprekend aanvaar is, te ondersoek: eerstens, dat organisatoriese kulture homogeen, unitêr en óm gedeelde waardes gesentreer is en dat dit dus maklik gemanipuleer kan word (gewoonlik van bo af deur die bestuur), en tweedens, dat die invoer van eksterne gehalteversekering ʼn onproblematiese tegnologie is wat sonder teenspraak deur hoëronderwysinstellings aanvaar sal word, aangesien dit op die prysenswaardige oogmerk van verbetering van die gehalte van daardie instellings gegrond is. ʼn Konseptuele raamwerk bestaande uit vier perspektiewe is ontwikkel vir die kritiese evaluering van die literatuur en dit verskaf die grondslag vir die driedimensionele model wat vir die analise van die bevindings gebruik is. Die navorsing het verskeie belangrike gevolgtrekkings na vore laat kom wat algemeen geldende en duidelik bepaalde posisies ten opsigte van organisatoriese kultuur en eksterne gehalteversekering blyk uit te daag. Eerstens moet organisatoriese kultuur beskou word as efemeries eerder as konkreet, multidimensioneel eerder as enkelvoudig, terwyl dit gelyktydig deur konflik, konsensus en onverskilligheid gekenmerk word en in ʼn gedurige toestand van wisseling verkeer. Tweedens is eksterne gehalteversekering nie noodwendig, soos in die vroeë konseptualisering en implementering belowe, ʼn waardevrye en neutrale oefening gemik op verbetering van die gehalte van onderrig en leer nie. Derdens kan veelvuldige kulture gelyktydig bestaan, met mekaar in interaksie tree en mekaar voortdurend beïnvloed en natuurlik interaksies binne die organisasie en die aard van betrokkenheid by inisiatiewe wat ekstern ontstaan, bepaal. Vierdens het eksterne gehalteversekering oogmerke wat veel verder strek as die motiewe daarvan wat dikwels moreel geregverdig en vir die openbare beswil is aangesien dit stilswyend en op overte wyse optree as ʼn agent vir beheer, bemagtiging en transformasie en tegelyk as ʼn agent van die regering, alhoewel nie noodwendig tot dieselfde mate nie.
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McNally, Ian. "Internal Cultivation or External Strength?: Claiming Martial Arts in the Qing Period." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557155402412377.

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Ebrahimnejad, Rahbari S. Hadi. "Variational studies of dressed quasiparticles' properties and their interactions with external potentials." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51589.

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In this thesis, we investigated the spectral properties of polaronic quasiparticles resulting from the coupling of a charge carrier to the bosonic excitations of ordered environments. Holstein polarons, describing an electron locally coupled to dispersionless phonons, and spin polarons in hole-doped antiferromagnets are considered. The Green's function of the Holstein polaron in a lattice with various kinds of impurities is calculated using the momentum average approximation. The main finding is that the scenario where the mere effect of the coupling to phonons is to enhance the electron's effective mass is incomplete as the phonons are found to also renormalize the impurity potential the polaron interacts with. This formalism is applied first to the case of a single impurity and the range of parameters where the polaron's ground state is localized is identified. The lifetime of the polaron due to scattering from weak but extended disorder is then studied and it is shown that the renormalization of the disorder potential leads to deviation of the strong coupling results from Fermi's golden rule's predictions. Motivated by the hole-doped cuprate superconductors, the motion of a hole in a two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet and its binding to an attractive impurity is studied next, based on a variational scheme that allows for configurations with a certain maximum number of spin flips. The role of the magnetic sublattices in determining the symmetry of the resulting bound states is discussed. Next, a more realistic model describing a hole in a CuO₂ layer which retains the O explicitly, is considered. By neglecting the fluctuations of the Cu spins and using a variational principle similar to that of the previous chapter, a semi-analytic solution for the Green's function of the hole in an infinite 2D lattice is constructed. The resulting quasiparticle dispersion shows the proper ground state and other features observed in experiments. The lack of importance of the background spin fluctuations is justified based on the hole's ability to move on the O sublattice without disturbing the Cu spins. Finally, the model is generalized to gauge the importance of other relevant O orbitals.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Shah, Lynn. "Hydrodynamics, mixing and mass transfer studies in three external loop airlift reactors." Thesis, Teesside University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411180.

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Books on the topic "External studies"

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Education, India Directorate of Adult. Continuing Education Programme: Highlights of external evaluation studies. New Delhi: Directorate of Adult Education, National Literacy Mission Authority, Dept. of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, 2010.

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Bourguignon, François. External trade and income distribution. Paris, France: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1989.

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The debt dilemma of developing nations: Issues and cases. London: Aldwych, 1985.

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Aghion, Beatriz Armendariz de. The G-7's joint-and-several blunder. Princeton, N.J: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1993.

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South-East Asian Central Banks. Research and Training Centre., ed. Issues in external debts in the SEACEN countries: Concepts and monitoring procedures for crisis prevention. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: South East Asia Central Banks, Research and Training Centre, 2003.

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Armin, Gutowski, and Holthus Manfred, eds. Limits to international indebtedness. New Brunswick, [N.J.], U.S.A: Transaction Books, 1988.

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Ojo, Oladeji O. An empirical investigation of capital flight in selected African countries. [Abidjan]: African Development Bank, 1993.

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Makoa, Francis K. Elections dispute and external military intervention in Lesotho. Roma, Lesotho: [s.n., 1998.

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Poloz, Stephen S. Fiscal policy and external balance in the G-7 countries. [Ottawa]: Bank of Canada, 1992.

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Poloz, Stephen S. Fiscal policy and external balance in the G-7 countries. [Ottawa]: Bank of Canada, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "External studies"

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Payne, Doris L., and Immanuel Barshi. "External Possession." In Typological Studies in Language, 3. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.39.03pay.

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Jones, Charles. "External Syntax." In Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 34–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3478-1_2.

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Bacciotti, Andrea. "External Stability." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 97–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02405-5_6.

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Friedrich, Rainer, and Peter Bickel. "Policy Case Studies." In Environmental External Costs of Transport, 247–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04329-5_15.

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Simpson, Jane. "External participants." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 379–434. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3204-6_7.

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Oizumi, Ryo. "Application to External Stochasticity." In SpringerBriefs in Population Studies, 87–97. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3548-0_5.

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Martin, Jack B. "External Possession in Creek." In Typological Studies in Language, 229. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.39.14mar.

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Baker, Mark C. "External Possession in Mohawk." In Typological Studies in Language, 293. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.39.17bak.

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Rude, Noel. "External Possession in Sahaptian." In Typological Studies in Language, 403. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.39.21rud.

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Gorman, G. "The External Environment of Business." In Business Studies A Level, 208–24. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13846-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "External studies"

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Visentine, James T., John W. Alred, Carlos E. Soares, and Melvin R. Carruth. "ISS external contamination surface morphology studies." In Intelligent Systems and Smart Manufacturing, edited by Mark A. Kahan. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.417333.

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Chen, Gang, Chun-Hian Lee, Jin Bai Zhang, and Zhi Chen. "Modeling and Parametric Studies of External MHD Generators." In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1233.

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Jian, Aoqun, Jian Wang, Chenyang Xue, Binzhen Zhang, and Tianjie Wei. "GaAs layers under external uniaxial stress: photoluminescence studies." In 2006 8th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology Proceedings. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsict.2006.306613.

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Lu, Huapu, Huilan Guo, and Hong Yuan. "External Transport Demand Forecasting and Planning of Macau." In Second International Conference on Transportation and Traffic Studies (ICTTS ). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40503(277)60.

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He, Flora, Alex Fung, Crystal Li, Dennis Chan, Derek Yip, Dennis Yee, Shuzhao Cao, and Xi Cao. "Studies of tin whisker growth under high external pressure." In 2017 12th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2017.8255905.

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Bjerke, Amy E., and Peter R. Griffiths. "External reflection studies of CO on platinized platinum electrodes." In The eleventh international conference on fourier transform spectroscopy. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55742.

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Smirnov, Valeriy. "Movement Of External Financial Assets And Liabilities Of Modern Russia." In Trends and Innovations in Economic Studies, Science on Baikal Session. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.78.

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Andayani, Sri Asih, Jatie K. Pudjibudojo, and Evy Tjahjono. "External and Internal Factors Affecting Subjective Well Being Parents of Children With Special Needs." In International Conference on Psychological Studies (ICPSYCHE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210423.040.

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Chen, P., D. Sarhaddi, and D. Liu. "Limit-cycle oscillation studies of a fighter with external stores." In 39th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-1727.

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MORGAN, ALEXANDER A., ACHAL S. ACHROL, MATTHEW D. LI, PURVESH J. KHATRI, and SAMUEL H. CHESHIER. "MULTIPLEX META-ANALYSIS OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA EXPRESSION STUDIES WITH EXTERNAL CONTROLS." In Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814583220_0010.

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Reports on the topic "External studies"

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Dillon, Michael B., Jave Kane, John Nasstrom, Steve Homann, and Brenda Pobanz. Summary of Building Protection Factor Studies for External Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1256433.

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Khan, Mahreen. Evaluating External Government Audit. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.140.

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This rapid literature review of primary and grey sources found substantial evidence of the merits of donor support to Public Financial Management (PFM) initiatives but no specific evidence assessing donor support for external government audit, such as Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs). PFM reforms are established as being generally beneficial, assist in reducing or preventing corruption, increasing transparency and accountability, as well as improving service delivery quality, although the exact impacts are difficult to measure. Performance auditing has recently attracted more attention than traditional financial or compliance auditing and is seen by many sources to be conducive to improving accountability, although compliance and financial auditing are still viewed as the core of external audit. There is a substantial body of literature on donor-assisted PFM reforms but a paucity of focused study or discussion of donor support to external audit specifically. This evidence gap may be due to the cost of examining the narrow focus required on donor-assisted external audit specifically. This is compounded by the complexity of gathering a sufficiently large database through surveys combined with the lack of access (for individual academics) to official datasets across countries. Furthermore, measuring the impact of SAIs, for example, is difficult due to the variety of regulatory structures that exist, inhibiting comparative cross-country studies, which has resulted in a preference for in-depth analyses. Only multilateral institutions have conducted comprehensive cross-country surveys. However, the evidence does show that strengthened PFM systems and SAIs,1 if they are independent and fully resourced, increase transparency and accountability, helping to combat corruption, when governments are made answerable to their audit findings. The evidence on the effectiveness of SAIs (against corruption) is mixed and not as strong as for PFM reforms in general. The impact of PFM interventions in preventing or reducing corruption increases when reforms are sector-specific and complemented by societal awareness initiatives, citizen participation, and infomediary advocacy. This finding seems applicable to SAIs as the discourse is increasingly on improving comprehension of audit reports and wider dissemination to relevant stakeholders.
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Costa, Julio, Vincenzo Rago, Pedro Brito, Pedro Figueiredo, Ana Sousa, Eduardo Abade, and João Brito. External and internal load during training sessions in elite women’s soccer: a systematic mini review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0038.

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Review question / Objective: The present systematic mini review aim to provide an overview about external and internal load during training sessions in elite women’s soccer, with special focus on fatigue, training adaptions and injuries. Condition being studied: Continuous training load monitoring in the context of the regular team routine. Eligibility criteria: To investigate continuous monitoring, we include articles with a minimum of one week of monitoring, irrespective of gender and study focus (e.g. studies reporting descriptive data of training load without studying its effects will be included). Articles will be excluded if: the participants are not all elite women’s soccer players (e.g. mixed samples including elite and non-elite players); the participants are aged under 18; the participants are not monitored longitudinally over a minimum of a 1-week period or five sessions (if the duration is not stated; friendly matches are considered training sessions) to consider continuous monitoring practices; no GPS-derived training load data are reported; the articles do not report any training load indicators; single drills are monitored rather than the entire training session, or the article focuses on the comparison between a specific drill and match demands; data from training sessions are not reported; and the articles are editorials or reviews.
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Kin, Eunjin, Jungyoon Choi, and Sang Yeon Min. Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines external application with Tuina in congenital muscular torticollis : A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0017.

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Review question / Objective: By 3 to 4 months of age, infants can keep their necks upright and look into both eyes horizontally. But infants with CMT have a wry neck also known as a twisted neck. Complementary therapies have been commonly used to treat CMT, such as tuina, acupuncture, herbal medicine. Among them, external application of herbal medicine is non-surgical and non-invasive inventions so it can be used widely in East Asia. This review aims to evaluate any form of external application of herbal medicines in CMT, such as cream, oil, extract, form of patch, etc. Information sources: We will electronically search the following database 4 English databases(MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), 3 Chinese databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP), Wan Fang Database), 4 Korean medical databases(Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Studies Information Service System(KISS), National Digital Science Links(NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS)) from their founding date to June 2022, without any language restrictions.
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Wroblewski, Angela, and Victoria Englmaier. Gesamtevaluierung bisheriger Karriereförderprogramme der Universität für Weiterbildung Krems. IHS - Institute for Advanced Studies, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.498.

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The report summarises the results of the evaluation of the three career advancement programmes at Danube University Krems implemented by the Office for Equality and Gender Studies. Danube University Krems is breaking new ground with regard to the development of gender equality measures, as it is the first university in Austria to subject its measures for the advancement of women and gender equality in their entirety to an external evaluation rather than a selected measure.
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Лов’янова, І. В. Форми професійно спрямованого навчання математики у профільній школі. The Academy of Management and Administration in Opole, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2355.

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Objective of the study presented in this article: identify forms of professionally directed teaching mathematics at profile schools. Identify the criteria of selection forms. Show features of the external forms by: lecture, seminar, game. The functions described lesson lectures aimed at professional training. Types of lectures in methodical system of professional training aimed. Show of the classification and choice of the seminar and games. Conclusions from the study indicate described the use of forms depending of level studies of mathematics.
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Yan, Huixin, Hongyi Guan, Jiabao Sun, Shaobo Zhang, Haiyu Zhu, Fengyang Wang, and Bailin Song. Therapeutic effect of Chinese Tuina on diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0037.

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Review question / Objective: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the chronic microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Chinese Tuina is a promising external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which can promote blood circulation, increase the support of tissues, accelerate metabolism and facilitate the improvement of neurological function, thereby improving the quality of life of patients with DPN. Although increasing clinical studies reveals the efficacy of Chinese Tuina therapy and its safety on DPN patients, whether Chinese Tuina therapy is indeed improving DPN remains unclear. In this study, we intended to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese Tuina in the treatment of DPN. Patient, Participant, or population: Inclusion criteria: Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (diagnosed clinically using any accepted diagnostic criteria).
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Dafoe, L. T., and N. Bingham-Koslowski. Geological synthesis of Baffin Island (Nunavut) and the Labrador-Baffin Seaway. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314542.

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The Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay offshore regions, collectively referred to as the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, and their onshore margins including Baffin Island, Bylot Island, and West Greenland, form a region with a complex geological history developed through successive tectonic events. This complex geological and tectonic history is described in detail in this volume, a collaborative undertaking under the Geological Survey of Canada's Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals 2 program (GEM-2), with contributions from external partners. Knowledge from pre-existing studies, essential contributions from collaborators, and GEM research results have been incorporated into the 14 papers contained in this volume, which summarize previous geological and geophysical knowledge and include novel insights from a regional perspective that serve as a guide for future research and exploration activities. The papers in the volume highlight both onshore and offshore studies in order to produce a comprehensive synopsis of the geological history of the region, with corresponding high-resolution reference maps and figures, and select GIS data sets. This compilation is divided into sections covering Precambrian and Paleozoic geology, Mesozoic to present geology, and resources within the region.
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Dafoe, L. T., and N. Bingham-Koslowski. Baffin Island and the Labrador-Baffin Seaway GIS data. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330200.

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The Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay offshore regions, collectively referred to as the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, and their onshore margins including Baffin Island, Bylot Island, and West Greenland, form a region with a complex geological history developed through successive tectonic events. This complex geological and tectonic history is described in detail in this volume, a collaborative undertaking under the Geological Survey of Canada's Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals 2 program (GEM-2), with contributions from external partners. Knowledge from pre-existing studies, essential contributions from collaborators, and GEM research results have been incorporated into the 14 papers contained in this volume, which summarize previous geological and geophysical knowledge and include novel insights from a regional perspective that serve as a guide for future research and exploration activities. The papers in the volume highlight both onshore and offshore studies in order to produce a comprehensive synopsis of the geological history of the region, with corresponding high-resolution reference maps and figures, and select GIS data sets. This compilation is divided into sections covering Precambrian and Paleozoic geology, Mesozoic to present geology, and resources within the region.
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Bando, Rosangela, Sebastián Galiani, and Paul Gertler. Another Brick on the Wall: On the Effects of Non-Contributory Pensions on Material and Subjective Well Being. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003082.

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Public expenditures on non-contributory pensions are equivalent to at least 1 percent of GDP in several countries in Latin America and is expected to increase. We explore the effect of non-contributory pensions on the well-being of the beneficiary population by studying the "Pensiones Alimentarias" program established by law in Paraguay, which targets older adults living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved subjective well-being in 0.48 standard deviations. These effects are consistent with the findings of Bando, Galiani and Gertler (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico. Thus, we conclude that the effects of non-contributory pensions on well-being in Paraguay are comparable to those found for Peru and Mexico and add to the construction of external validity.
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