Books on the topic 'External signal'
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1
Acharya, Sankarshan. Sovereign debt buybacks as a signal of creditworthiness. Washington, D.C. (1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433): International Economics Department, World Bank, 1989.
2
Carroll, Anya A. Safety of highway-railroad grade crossings: Use of auxiliary external alerting devices to improve locomotive conspicuity. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 1995.
3
Ismail, Ayman Farouk. Higher Order Repetitive Control for External Signals with Uncertain Periods. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.
4
Jockers, Matthew L. Style. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037528.003.0006.
Abstract:
This chapter shows how stylistic signals can be derived from high-frequency features and how the usage, or nonusage, of those features was susceptible to influences that are external to the so-called “authorial style,” external influences such as genre, time, and gender. These aspects of style were explored using a controlled corpus of 106 British novels where genre was a key point of analysis. The chapter first provides an overview of statistical or quantitative authorship attribution before discussing the author's project, in which he analyzed the degree to which novelistic genres express a distinguishable stylistic signal by focusing on the distribution of novels in a corpus based on their genres and decades of publication. Through a series of experiments, he demonstrates the use of the classification methodology as a way of measuring the extent to which factors beyond an individual author's personal style may play a role in determining the linguistic usage and style of the resulting text.
5
Cheyne, Douglas O., and Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Magnetoencephalography and Magnetic Source Imaging. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.6.
Abstract:
This chapter focuses on magnetoencephalography (MEG) used in brain imaging and its use in localizing the brain sources of externally recorded spontaneous activity and stimulus and task –induced activation. The chapter first describes the instruments used for recording the magnetoencephalographic signals and the neurogenesis of these signals. It then considers proposed solutions for the “inverse” problem and describes approaches for MEG source estimation, including a method that specifies only one or many equivalent current dipoles. It also explains the signal source-localizing technique known as beamforming and concluding with a discussion of practical issues in MEG/MSI, with emphasis on those arising in clinical applications of the method.
6
Goodyer, Paul. Kidney/ear syndromes. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0170.
Abstract:
Malformations of the external ear may signal renal disease, but it is actually the disorders of the inner ear which reflect molecular pathways that are also crucial for kidney development. In a number of monogenic renal diseases, renal dysplasia is associated with deafness. Disorders of the kidney and inner ear are also linked in complex syndromes such as the human ciliopathies. In some cases, the loss of specific genes affects shared transport physiology, basement membrane assembly, or energy metabolism.The kidney and cochlea have a common susceptibility to toxins that are selectively concentrated by comparable uptake mechanisms in the two tissues.This chapter provides an overview of the many ways in which pathologies of the two organs are linked.
7
Millikan, Ruth Garrett. Markers of Identity and Grounded Infosigns. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.003.0015.
Abstract:
Some ways that identity of the referents of two signs may be marked is by recurrence of the same sign design (“duplicates markers”), by use of the same sign token over again (“Strawson markers”), and by various anaphorical relations (anaphors). Strawson markers, of which “mental files” are an example, are of particular interest, their occurrence or use very significantly reducing the number of separate signs needed to represent complex states of affairs, hence, the number of inferences that must be drawn to extract the consequences of a set of premises. What a sign gives information about, however, is sometimes shown not just in elements of its sign design but in an external relation of the sign to its signified. Thus, a volt meter shows the voltage between the terminals to which its leads are connected.
8
Barwich, Ann-Sophie. Measuring the World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0017.
Abstract:
How much does stimulus input shape perception? The common-sense view is that our perceptions are representations of objects and their features and that the stimulus structures the perceptual object. The problem for this view concerns perceptual biases as responsible for distortions and the subjectivity of perceptual experience. These biases are increasingly studied as constitutive factors of brain processes in recent neuroscience. In neural network models the brain is said to cope with the plethora of sensory information by predicting stimulus regularities on the basis of previous experiences. Drawing on this development, this chapter analyses perceptions as processes. Looking at olfaction as a model system, it argues for the need to abandon a stimulus-centred perspective, where smells are thought of as stable percepts, computationally linked to external objects such as odorous molecules. Perception here is presented as a measure of changing signal ratios in an environment informed by expectancy effects from top-down processes.
9
Sheldon, Donald. Lean Materials Planning and Execution: Guide to Internal and External Supply Management Excellence. J. Ross Publishing, 2007.
10
Cary, Phillip. Outward Signs: The Powerlessness of External Things in Augustine's Thought. Oxford University Press, 2008.
11
Cary, Phillip. Outward Signs: The Powerlessness of External Things in Augustine's Thought. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2008.
12
Fields, Keota. Berkeley’s Semiotic Idealism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755685.003.0005.
Abstract:
This chapter proposes an interpretation of Berkeley as a semiotic idealist. According to semiotic idealism internal ideas are signs for external divine ideas, and sensible objects are composite entities with external divine ideas as their essential parts and internal ideas of the imagination and (where applicable) sensations as their contingent parts. Signification is the ontological glue that unifies these parts into individuals. Divinely instituted normative linguistic rules govern the use of internal ideas as signs for external divine ideas. This semiotic relation gives objective form and meaning to internal ideas. Furthermore, Berkeley explicitly links this semiotic relation with rewards and sanctions, and claims that such connections allow us to make predictions about advantageous and disadvantageous courses of action. Sensible objects turn out to be values (rather than facts) because they are sources of pleasure and pain, guides to human flourishing, and sources of external meaning for Berkeley.
13
Cary, Phillip. Outward Signs: The Powerlessness of External Things in Augustine's Thought. Oxford University Press, USA, 2008.
14
and, Bruno. Attention and Learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0009.
Abstract:
Attention can be defined as a multifaceted gateway to consciousness. We use attention to focus on specific sensory signals (selective attention), to allocate resources to concurrent relevant sources (divided attention), to switch between tasks (alternate attention), to maintain focus on a task for a prolonged period (sustained attention), to ready ourselves for a quick response to sudden novel information (alertness); and all these processes, to some extent, control what sensory signals are processed up to the level of conscious awareness. The multifarious functions of attention often involve multisensory interactions, and in this chapter, will we discuss three broad issues in studying multisensory attention. We will start by considering multisensory spatial attention to signals within different sensory channels in a goal directed manner, in comparison to conditions whereby attention is automatically engaged by external multisensory signals. Next, we will discuss multisensory non-spatial attention. In conclusion, we will discuss the implications for multisensory learning and memory.
15
Luginbühl, Martin, and Arvi Yli-Hankala. Assessment of the components of anaesthesia. Edited by Antony R. Wilkes and Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0026.
Abstract:
In modern anaesthesia practice, hypnotic drugs, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are combined. The introduction of NMBAs in particular substantially increased the risk of awareness and recall during general anaesthesia. Hypnotic drugs such as propofol and volatile anaesthetics act through GABAA receptors and have typical effects on the electroencephalogram (EEG). During increasing concentrations of these pharmaceuticals, the EEG desynchronization is followed by gradual synchronization, slowing frequency, and increasing amplitude of EEG, thereafter EEG suppressions (burst suppression), and, finally, isoelectric EEG. Hypnotic depth monitors such as the Bispectral Index™, Entropy™, and Narcotrend® are based on quantitative EEG analysis and translate these changes into numbers between 100 and 0. Although they are good predictors of wakefulness and deep anaesthesia, their usefulness in prevention of awareness and recall has been challenged, especially when inhalation anaesthetics are used. External and patient-related artifacts such as epileptiform discharges and frontal electromyography (EMG) affect the signal so their readings need careful interpretation. Their use is recommended in patients at increased risk of awareness and recall and in patients under total intravenous anaesthesia. Monitors of analgesia and nociception are not established in clinical practice but mostly remain experimental although some are commercially available. Some use EEG changes induced by noxious stimulation (EEG arousal) or quantify the frontal EMG in relation to EEG, while others are based on the sympathoadrenergic stress response. Various other devices are also discussed in this chapter.
16
Payne, Russell A., and Elias B. Rizk. Axillary Nerve Injury. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0024.
Abstract:
Axillary nerve injury has been associated with sports injuries, especially those involving anterior shoulder dislocation. The nerve injury leads to weakness of the deltoid and teres minor muscles, which impairs abduction and external rotation of the arm at the shoulder. Electrodiagnostic studies are helpful for determining extent of reinnervation and recovery after injury. In the absence of clinical or electrodiagnostic signs of recovery 3 to 6 months after injury, it is appropriate to offer surgical exploration. The options for surgical repair include direct nerve repair, nerve grafting, and nerve transfer. In appropriately selected individuals, outcomes are favorable.
17
Wadman, Wytse J., and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Biophysical Aspects of EEG and MEG Generation. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0004.
Abstract:
This chapter reviews the essential physical principles involved in the generation of electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals. The general laws governing the electrophysiology of neuronal activity are analyzed within the formalism of the Maxwell equations that constitute the basis for understanding electromagnetic fields in general. Three main topics are discussed. The first is the forward problem: How can one calculate the electrical field that results from a known configuration of neuronal sources? The second is the inverse problem: Given an electrical field as a function of space and time mostly recorded at the scalp (EEG/MEG), how can one reconstruct the underlying generators at the brain level? The third is the reverse problem: How can brain activity be modulated by external electromagnetic fields with diagnostic and/or therapeutic objectives? The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the common biophysical framework concerning these three main topics of brain electrical and magnetic activities.
18
Jockers, Matthew L. Theme. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037528.003.0008.
Abstract:
This chapter demonstrates how big data and computation can be used to identify and track recurrent themes as the products of external influence. It first considers the limitations of the Google Ngram Viewer as a tool for tracing thematic trends over time before turning to Douglas Biber's Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use, a primer on various factors complicating word-focused text analysis and the subsequent conclusions one might draw regarding word meanings. It then discusses the results of the author's application of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to a corpus of 3,346 nineteenth-century novels using the open-source MALLET (MAchine Learning for LanguagE Toolkit), a software package for topic modeling. It also explains the different types of analyses performed by the author, including text segmentation, word chunking, and author nationality, gender and time-themes relationship analyses. The thematic data from the LDA model reveal the degree to which author nationality, author gender, and date of publication could be predicted by the thematic signals expressed in the nineteenth-century novels corpus.
19
Chua, Daniel K. L. Someone. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199769322.003.0004.
Abstract:
This ‘movement’ considers how Beethoven’s music models a freedom of alterity founded on an openness to the other, particularly through a close analysis of the Cavatina in Beethoven’s String Quartet in B♭ major, Op. 130. In contrast to the sublime freedom that defines its autonomy through resistance to external forces, music’s blank sign is reconfigured as an encounter with an-Other that is equally disarming in its fragility. The heroic Augenblick is confronted by another ‘look’ – the eyes of someone. This musical encounter is given a theological twist that affirms freedom in the face of vulnerability.
20
Bailkin, Jordanna. Interlude. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814214.003.0002.
Abstract:
The Interlude narrates the diverse and often harrowing stories of how refugees arrived in Britain during the twentieth century. But it also questions the fetish of arrival that characterizes many refugee stories. Scenes of arrival (the trains of the Kindertransporte, the small boats from Vietnam rescued by British ships)—iconic though they have become—cut the story of refugees short. They uphold the fiction that each situation was the result of an unprecedented, temporary crisis that was foreign and external to Britain: in short, an emergency. This chapter offers comparative history as a rejoinder to the corrosive discourse of emergency. It argues for seeing refugee camps not as signs of emergency—disconnected from Britain’s own history—but as deeply rooted in that history.
21
Finn, Patrick C., and Michael C. Reade. Bleeding Emergencies (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0010.
Abstract:
This chapter is concerned with coagulopathic and non-coagulopathic bleeding in the perioperative period, after trauma, and spontaneously, as a result of hematologic and other disease. The initial assessment and management of all potentially bleeding patients is to stop any obvious bleeding through mechanical first aid measures, then address airway or breathing compromise, and obtain intravenous (or intraosseous) access. Obvious external hemorrhage is easily identified, but most patients with bleeding emergencies who are already hospitalized will have occult blood loss. Physical examination should identify signs of shock and identify or exclude potential bleeding locations. This chapter will cover initial assessment and management, laboratory and bedside testing, as well as disease-specific therapies in the context of rapid response team (RRT) calls.
22
Greco, Francesco, and Paolo Fornara. Inflammation. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0009.
Abstract:
Fournier’s gangrene (FG) defines a life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum with a peak incidence at 50 years of age. It is associated with a mixed bacterial infection with Escherichia coli and Bacteroides spp. predominating. The diagnosis is made clinically with symptoms of skin necrosis, swelling, pain, crepitus, and feculent odour, and local and systemic signs of severe sepsis. Initial resuscitation with fluid replacement, oxygen therapy, and broad-spectrum empirical antibiotics should be rapidly followed by complete and aggressive surgical debridement with postoperative placement of an occlusive dressing. Urinary and faecal diversions are often required. Debridement should be repeated until all necrotic tissue has been excised, allowing later reconstruction. Early diagnosis and immediate therapy is crucial to improve survival in patients with FG.
23
More, Alison. Penitents and the Institutionalization of Penitential Life in the Thirteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807698.003.0002.
Abstract:
The first chapter focuses on the wider spiritual context from which penitential movements developed. The rich and vibrant spiritual climate of the early thirteenth century saw the emergence of a number of new expressions of religious life. These new forms of devotion were predominantly characterized by a desire to live according to the gospel while remaining in the world. Throughout Europe, groups of laywomen ran alms houses, cared for lepers and practised other forms of active charity. From the middle of the thirteenth century onwards, the fact that these women did not fit traditional categories was seen as increasingly controversial. Consequently, those responsible for the spiritual care of such groups encouraged them to adopt many external signs of religious life such as a recognized habit, a rule, and even some degree of enclosure.
24
Barzilai, Ori, Mark H. Bilsky, and Ilya Laufer. Spine Metastases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0028.
Abstract:
A decision-making framework called NOMS (neurologic, oncologic, mechanical, and systemic) facilitates and guides therapeutic decisions for patients with spinal metastases. Patients should be evaluated for signs of myelopathy or cauda equina. The Epidural Spinal Cord Compression scale facilitates reporting of the degree of radiographic spinal cord compression. A determination of the expected histology-specific tumor response to conventionally fractionated external beam radiation and systemic therapy should be made. Radiation therapy effectively treats biologic pain and radiosensitive tumors such as multiple myeloma. Patients should undergo a careful evaluation of movement-associated pain as tumor-induced spinal instability is an independent indication for surgery. Determination of tumor-associated mechanical instability can be facilitated by the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score. Herein, the authors present a case of spinal multiple myeloma managed using the NOMS framework and in consideration of current evidence and treatment paradigms.
25
Snyder, Saskia Coenen. An Urban Semiotics of War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0004.
Abstract:
This chapter examines the changing urban topography of Amsterdam under Nazi occupation during World War II, focusing on how the Dutch city’s once recognizable sights and sounds, familiar movements, and rhythms were disrupted by the so-called semiotics of war: signs and symbols of an external military force. It shows how the Nazis altered Amsterdam’s urban texture in which local residents lived, worked, and moved, and how the Nazification of the city’s grammar and semiotic communication reconfigured well-established social practices and reappropriated Dutch space. It argues that the construction of a visual and aural semiotics of war helped define relations between occupier and occupied, between Nazi sympathizers and antagonists, and also between Jews and non-Jews. While Nazi territorial expansion depended on military might and physical dominance, the chapter also explains how ideological coercion found expression in the colonization of the urban landscape and soundscape.
26
Pfurtscheller, Gert, and Fernando Lopes da Silva. EEG Event-Related Desynchronization and Event-Related Synchronization. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0040.
Abstract:
Event-related desynchronization (ERD) reflects a decrease of oscillatory activity related to internally or externally paced events. The increase of rhythmic activity is called event-related synchronization (ERS). They represent dynamical states of thalamocortical networks associated with cortical information-processing changes. This chapter discusses differences between ERD/ERS and evoked response potentials and methodologies for quantifying ERD/ERS and selecting frequency bands. It covers the interpretation of ERD/ERS in the alpha and beta bands and theta ERS and alpha ERD in behavioral tasks. ERD/ERS in scalp and subdural recordings, in various frequency bands, is discussed. Also presented is the modulation of alpha and beta rhythms by 0.1-Hz oscillations in the resting state and phase-coupling of the latter with slow changes of prefrontal hemodynamic signals (HbO2), blood pressure oscillations, and heart rate interval variations in the resting state and in relation to behavioral motor tasks. Potential uses of ERD-based strategies in stroke patients are discussed.
27
Mário, Mouzinho, Celso M. Monjane, and Ricardo Santos. The education sector in Mozambique: From access to epistemic quality in primary education. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/887-0.
Abstract:
From the early days of national independence in 1975, the central aim of the educational policy in Mozambique has been to ensure that all school-age children have access to school and can remain there until they have completed their basic education. In the pursuit of this aim, the extension of access to primary education was achieved relatively successfully, given that it reached a net rate of school coverage of almost 100 per cent. However, the impressive increase in school attendance rates has not been accompanied by a corresponding improvement in the quality of learning, and there are worrying signs of a considerable setback in relation to this aspect. Using this observation as a starting point, the study identifies and analyses the variables in the institutional context behind ‘schooling without learning’. The results of the study point to (i) weak state capacity; (ii) excessive dependence on external aid; and (iii) poor community involvement and participation in school management, as being factors with a major influence on the poor quality of education in primary schools.
28
Mason, Peggy. Audition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0016.
Abstract:
Hearing loss is devastating because it prevents communication through verbal language and thereby produces social isolation. The experience of hearing loss or deafness is the most common sensory deficit. The experience of affected individuals is highly variable because it depends on age of onset and treatment efficacy, among many factors. The roles of the external and middle ears in conduction and of the internal ear in sensorineural processing are used as a framework for understanding common forms of hearing loss. The contributions of inner and outer hair cells to cochlear function are detailed. How cochlear amplification results from the actions of prestin in outer hair cells is explained. The roles of age, noise, genetic background, and environmental factors in presbyacusis are considered. Approaches to hearing loss, including cochlear implants and sign language, are discussed. Finally, the brain regions involved in speech production and comprehension are detailed.
29
Pediatric ICD-10-CM. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109016.
Abstract:
In this first edition, Pediatric ICD-10-CM: A Manual for Provider-Based Coding strives to bring to the pediatric provider, coder, and biller the most accurate and easy-to use manual on ICD-10-CM yet. Composed entirely with a pediatrics focus, this manual exclusively features codes and guidelines for physician- and provider-based coding, all in a simplified yet familiar format. The full draft of the ICD-10-CM code set comes in at well over 1,000 pages. This book condenses that large and potentially cumbersome book into 400 pages of the most relevant,pediatrics-related codes and guidelines. It also fully integrates into the tabular list specific chapter and code guidelines. Guideline are now included directly at the chapter and code level, ensuring that coders will always use the right codes in right circumstances Features include Integrated codes and guidelines Simplified yet familiar layout Tabular and indexed navigation Pediatric-focused and provider-based guidance And more... Contents Include: ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting: FY 2015 Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (A00-B99) Neoplasms (C00-D49) Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs and Certain Disorders Involving the Immune Mechanism (D50-D89) Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (E00-E89) Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (F01-F99) Diseases of the Nervous System (G00-G99) Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (H00-H59) Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process (H60-H95) Diseases of the Circulatory System (I00-I99) Diseases of the Respiratory System (J00-J99) Diseases of the Digestive System (K00-K95) Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (L00-L99) Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue (M00-M99) Diseases of the Genitourinary System (N00-N99) Pregnancy, Childbirth, Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (P00-P99) Congenital Malformations, Deformations and Chromosomal Abnormalities (Q00-Q99) Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings (R00-R99) Injury, Poisoning and Consequences of Certain Other External Causes (S00-T88) External Causes of Morbidity (V00-Y99) Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact With Health Services (Z00-Z99)
30
Capmany, José, and Daniel Pérez. Programmable Integrated Photonics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844402.001.0001.
Abstract:
Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.
31
Córdoba Córdoba, Nancy Constanza. La piel en la enfermedad sistémica: abordaje clínico y diagnóstico. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22517/9789587223712.
Abstract:
La piel es el órgano más grande del cuerpo humano, ocupa dos metros cuadrados; es, a la vez, el más externo y, por lo tanto, el más visible, de tal manera que su exploración física muestra no solo las lesiones que pueden estar afectándola directamente, sino que también permite apreciar el efecto de algunos cambios internos. Por tal razón, su análisis aporta datos para la comprensión de las alteraciones de los órganos internos. Desde el inicio de una enfermedad sistémica se presentan signos y síntomas en la piel. Por ello, todo médico general debe estar familiarizado con estas manifestaciones cutáneas para que pueda, de manera rápida, llegar a un diagnóstico clínico temprano, que le permita luego confirmar esa posible alteración e iniciar el tratamiento más adecuado o remitir al especialista experto en la alteración por tratar. Asimismo, debe conocer las células que conforman la piel para entender sus funciones y, también, los diferentes tipos de lesiones cutáneas que le ayudarán a ...
32
Bierma, Lyle D. Font of Pardon and New Life. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553879.001.0001.
Abstract:
This book is a study of the historical development and impact of John Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy. The primary questions it addresses are (1) whether Calvin taught an “instrumental” doctrine of baptism, according to which the external sign of the sacrament serves as a means or instrument to convey the spiritual realities it signifies, and (2) whether Calvin’s teaching on baptismal efficacy remained constant throughout his lifetime or underwent significant change. Secondarily, the work also examines whether such spiritual blessings, in Calvin’s view, are conferred only in adult (believer) baptism or also in the baptism of infants, and what impact Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy had on the Reformed confessional tradition that followed him. The book examines all of Calvin’s writings on baptism—his Institutes, commentaries on Scripture, catechisms, polemical writings, and consensus documents—chronologically through five stages of his life and then analyzes the doctrine of baptismal efficacy in eight of the major Reformed confessions and catechisms from the age of confessional codification. It concludes that Calvin did indeed hold to an instrumental view of baptism; that this doctrine underwent change and development over the course of his life but not to the extent that some in the past have suggested; that his view of the efficacy of infant baptism was consistent with his doctrine of baptism in general; and that versions of Calvin’s teaching can be found in many, though not all, of the major Reformed confessional documents of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
33
Manejo de las complicaciones del embarazo y el parto. Guía para obstetrices y médicos. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275321935.
Abstract:
[Prólogo de la segunda edición]. La primera edición de en español del manual Manejo de las complicaciones del embarazo y de la infancia (MCPC, por sus siglas del inglés) fue publicado en 2003. Desde ese entonces ha servido de herramienta de apoyo a obstetras y médicos de hospitales de distrito en la atención de aquellas mujeres que presentan complicaciones durante su embarazo, parto o postparto. Esta es la traducción de la segunda edición en inglés, publicada en 2017, e incluye la actualización de las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las sugerencias y cambios planteados por parte de usuarios y expertos externos al grupo de editores y el capítulo Craneotomía y craneocentesis ausente en la primera edición en español. Es texto fue traducido en el Departamento de Traducciones y revisado por los consultores de salud materna del Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología, Salud de la Mujer y Reproductiva (CLAP) del Departamento de Familia, Promoción de la Salud y Curso de Vida (FPL) de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Esta edición en español se le incorporaron índices específicos para las figuras, cuadros y recuadros con sus números correlativos en cada sección, título y página con el fin de facilitar su utilización. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés:Managing complications in pregnancy and childbirth: a guide for midwives and doctors – 2nd ed. © World Health Organization 2017. ISBN: 978-92-4-156549-3.
34
Case, Jay R. Methodists and Holiness in North America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0009.
Abstract:
Baptists in nineteenth-century North America were known as eager proselytizers. They were evangelistic, committed to the idea of a believers’ church in which believers’ baptism was the norm for church membership and for the most part fervent revivalists. Baptist numbers soared in the early nineteenth-century United States though at the cost of generating much internal dissent, while in Canada New Light preachers such as Henry Alline were influential, but often had to make headway against an Anglican establishment. The Baptist commitment to freedom of conscience and gathered congregations had been hardened over the centuries by the experience of persecution and that meant that they were loath to qualify the freedom of individual congregations. The chapter concentrates on exposing the numerous divisions in the Baptist family, the most basic of which was the disagreement over the nature of the atonement, which separated General (Arminian) from Particular (Calvinist) Baptists. Revivals induced further divisions between Regular Baptists who were reserved about them and Separate Baptists who saw dramatic conversions and fervent outbursts as external signs of inward grace. Calvinistic Baptists took a dim view of efforts to induce conversions as laying too much trust in human agency. Though enthusiasm for missions gripped American and Canadian Baptists alike, there were those who feared that missionary societies would erode congregational autonomy. Dissent over slavery and abolition constituted the biggest single division in North American Baptist life. Southern Baptists developed biblical defences of slavery and were annoyed at attempts to keep slaveholders out of missionary work. As a result they formed a separate denomination, the Southern Baptist Convention, in 1845. Baptists had been successful in converting black slaves and black Baptists such as the northerner Nathaniel Paul were outspoken abolitionists. In the South after the Civil War, though, blacks marched out of white denominations to form associations of their own, often with white encouragement. Finally, not the least cause of internal dissent were disputes over ecclesiology, with J.M. Graves and J.R. Pendleton, the founders of Old Landmarkism, insisting with renewed radicalism on denominational autonomy. The chapter suggests that by the end of the century, Baptists embodied the tensions in Dissenting traditions. Their dissent in the public square intensified the possibility of internal disagreement, even schism, their tradition of Christian democracy proving salvifically liberating but ecclesiastically messy. While they stood for liberty and religious equality, they were active in anti-Catholic politics and in seeking to extend state activism in society through the Social Gospel movement.