Journal articles: 'External limit'

1

Herdegen, Andrzej. "Infrared limit in external field scattering." Journal of Mathematical Physics 53, no. 5 (May 2012): 052306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4720422.

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Makin, Anthony J. "Feasible Limits for External Deficits and Debt." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 1 (January 2005): 1850030. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1043.

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Large current account deficits and foreign debt levels remain a source of concern for international financial markets and policymakers. Yet, exactly what an “excessive” external deficit or liability position for an advanced economy is at any time has never been adequately defined. This article addresses the question by proposing new methods for assessing the proximity of current account deficits and the associated foreign debt to their upper bounds. It contends that productive investment fundamentally sets the feasible limit for current account deficits, whereas the capital to output ratio ultimately sets the foreign debt to GDP limit. Benchmark estimates for the United States, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, advanced economies that have borrowed heavily since 1990, reveal external deficits have usually been well within limits, although recent United States experience is an exception.

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Nepal, Pankaj Raj, and Birat Thapa Magar. "Lateral Limit of Superior Sagittal Sinus in Respect to External Part of Sagittal Suture." Eastern Green Neurosurgery 2, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/egn.v2i2.29243.

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Background: Sagittal suture has been used as an external landmark of superior sagittal sinus since the very beginning of neurosurgery. However, most of the time the sinus is not exactly under the suture line, rather, it has some displacement to one side. So, to analyze the variation of the lateral limit of superior sagittal sinus from the external part of sagittal sinus this study was performed. Materials and methods: Consecutive cases of MRI brain with contrast done in B&C Medical College Teaching Hospital was collected over 3 months, Age, gender, right, and left lateral limits of the superior sagittal sinus from the sagittal suture at its mid-point was collected in preformed proforma. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for the continuous variables, ANOVA was done to evaluate the association of gender with the lateral limits of sinus and Pearson correlation was done to see the relation of age with the lateral limits of the sinus. All the analysis was done using IBM SPSS 20. Results: There were a total of 40 patients enrolled in the study. The mean age was 39.8 years with male (75%) predominance. The lateral right limit of the superior sagittal sinus was up to 23mm and in the left up to 17.1mm from the outer limit of the sagittal suture. There was no significant association of gender with both the right and left limits of the superior sagittal sinus. Similarly, there was no significant correlation of age with the lateral limit of the superior sagittal sinus. Conclusion: The mean existence of superior sagittal sinus is 9.57mm in the right to 5.78mm in the left side from the outer limit of the sagittal suture. However, in extreme stances it's lateral limits can extend up to 17mm in left to 23mm in the right from the outer limit of the sagittal suture.

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Yamaguchi, Norihiro. "Japan: Sluggish external demand to limit the recovery." Economic Outlook 46, no. 4 (October 2022): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0319.12657.

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Meng, Fei, and Xiao-Ping Yang. "Elastic limit and vanishing external force for granular systems." Kinetic & Related Models 12, no. 1 (2019): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/krm.2019007.

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Steeb, W. H., and A. Kunick. "Chaos in limit cycle systems with external periodic excitations." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 22, no. 5 (January 1987): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7462(87)90028-x.

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Deng, Dong-ping, Lian-heng Zhao, and Liang Li. "Limit equilibrium stability analysis of slopes under external loads." Journal of Central South University 23, no. 9 (September 2016): 2382–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3297-4.

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8

Bleher, Pavel M., and Arno B. J. Kuijlaars. "Large n Limit of Gaussian Random Matrices with External Source, Part III: Double Scaling Limit." Communications in Mathematical Physics 270, no. 2 (December 9, 2006): 481–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-006-0159-1.

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Chernukha, Olha, Yurii Bilushchak, Natalya Shakhovska, and Rastislav Kulhánek. "A Numerical Method for Computing Double Integrals with Variable Upper Limits." Mathematics 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10010108.

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We propose and justify a numerical method for computing the double integral with variable upper limits that leads to the variableness of the region of integration. Imposition of simple variables as functions for upper limits provides the form of triangles of integration region and variable in the external limit of integral leads to a continuous set of similar triangles. A variable grid is overlaid on the integration region. We consider three cases of changes of the grid for the division of the integration region into elementary volumes. The first is only the size of the imposed grid changes with the change of variable of the external upper limit. The second case is the number of division elements changes with the change of the external upper limit variable. In the third case, the grid size and the number of division elements change after fixing their multiplication. In these cases, the formulas for computing double integrals are obtained based on the application of cubatures in the internal region of integration and performing triangulation division along the variable boundary. The error of the method is determined by expanding the double integral into the Taylor series using Barrow’s theorem. Test of efficiency and reliability of the obtained formulas of the numerical method for three cases of ways of the division of integration region is carried out on examples of the double integration of sufficiently simple functions. Analysis of the obtained results shows that the smallest absolute and relative errors are obtained in the case of an increase of the number of division elements changes when the increase of variable of the external upper limit and the grid size is fixed.

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Olchawa, Andrzej, and Aleksandra Gorączko. "The relationship between the liquid limit of clayey soils, external specific surface area and the composition of exchangeable cations / Zależność granicy płynności od zewnętrznej powierzchni właściwej i składu kationów w naturalnym kompleksie wymiennym." Journal of Water and Land Development 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-012-0037-5.

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Abstract The liquid limit - wL, the external surface area - Se, the concentration of exchangeable cations - Zi and the cation exchange capacity - CEC of seventeen clayey soils were determined. Finding the correlation between the liquid limit, external specific surface area and exchangeable cation concentration was the aim of this study. Experimental study performed using soils of the external surface area within the range of 4.1 to 118.5 m2·g-1. The relative content of sodium cation (i.e. Na+/CEC) varying between 0.03 and 1.0. Obtained results point to statistically significant relationship between these three properties. The greatest predictive power of linear regression was found for soils of external specific surface area larger than 60 m2·g-1. For the soils of comparable external surface area, the liquid limit increase with increasing the ratio of the content of sodium cation to the cation exchange capacity - Na+/CEC. For the soils of comparable composition of exchangeable cations the liquid limit increase with increasing the external surface area. These relationships indicates that interparticle forces have a prominent role in determining liquid limit of clayey soils.

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11

Wang, Xianfeng. "Limit and Shakedown Analysis of Circular Tube Containing External Pit." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (April 19, 2012): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01206010078.

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LIU, Chao, Dong XU, Yuan SUN, and Zhenrong WU. "Stress Limitation of External Prestressing Tendons in Serviceability Limit State." IABSE Congress Report 17, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137908796293848.

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Khalil, Basem A., Zaid Sarsam, and Neil Buxton. "External ventricular drains: is there a time limit in children?" Child's Nervous System 21, no. 5 (February 10, 2005): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-004-1080-6.

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14

Sancho, J. M., and A. Sánchez. "External fluctuations in front dynamics with inertia: The overdamped limit." European Physical Journal B 16, no. 1 (June 2000): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510070257.

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15

Varro, S., and F. Ehlotzky. "Classical limit of Compton scattering and electron scattering in external fields." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 18, no. 16 (August 28, 1985): 3395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/18/16/022.

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16

Muc, A., J. Ryś, and W. Latas. "Limit load carrying capacity for spherical laminated shells under external pressure." Composite Structures 25, no. 1-4 (January 1993): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(93)90176-q.

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Oprisan, Sorinel Adrian. "Local Linear Approximation of the Jacobian Matrix Better Captures Phase Resetting of Neural Limit Cycle Oscillators." Neural Computation 26, no. 1 (January 2014): 132–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00536.

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One effect of any external perturbations, such as presynaptic inputs, received by limit cycle oscillators when they are part of larger neural networks is a transient change in their firing rate, or phase resetting. A brief external perturbation moves the figurative point outside the limit cycle, a geometric perturbation that we mapped into a transient change in the firing rate, or a temporal phase resetting. In order to gain a better qualitative understanding of the link between the geometry of the limit cycle and the phase resetting curve (PRC), we used a moving reference frame with one axis tangent and the others normal to the limit cycle. We found that the stability coefficients associated with the unperturbed limit cycle provided good quantitative predictions of both the tangent and the normal geometric displacements induced by external perturbations. A geometric-to-temporal mapping allowed us to correctly predict the PRC while preserving the intuitive nature of this geometric approach.

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18

Wu, Lan Ying, Yan Lin Wang, and Fang Hong. "Simulated Analysis for Strengthening RC Beam Bonding with External Steel Plate." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3745.

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Based on the reinforced concrete beam structure bonding with steel plate are consisted of different materials, the finite element model of the reinforced concrete beam structure bonding with steel plate was established using the whole model and the separated model respectively, the deformation, stress, strain and limit load of the reinforced concrete beam structure under the symmetrical concentrated load and the uniformly distributed load were studied using ANSYS. The research results show that the limit load value based on the finite element simulation is basically equal with the experimental value, there has little error between them, but within the scope of control in error, and the limit load under the uniformly distributed load is greater than the symmetrical concentrated load; The results from the whole model and the separated model are basically equal with the experimental results, which show that it’s feasible using the finite element simulation to analyze the reinforced concrete beam structure bonding with steel plate.

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Reagan, Ian J., James P. Bliss, Ron Van Houten, and Bryan W. Hilton. "The Effects of External Motivation and Real-Time Automated Feedback on Speeding Behavior in a Naturalistic Setting." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720812447812.

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Objective: In this field experiment, the authors tested an alerting system and a monetary incentive system with the objective of reducing speeding more than 5 mph faster than the posted speed limit. Background: Speeding is a factor in a significant number of traffic fatalities. The systems tested in this project have been evaluated outside but not within the United States. These studies indicated that similar systems led to reductions in speeding. Method: For this study, eight vehicles were instrumented such that vehicle speed and speed limits were linked in real time. A total of 50 participants drove assigned vehicles for 4 weeks. Week 1 was a baseline period; during Week 2 or Week 3, 40 participants experienced the alerting system that issued auditory and visual advisory signals when drivers exceeded the limit by 5 mph or more. Of these 40 individuals, 20 experienced the monetary incentive system during Weeks 2 and 3; Week 4 was a return-to-baseline period. A control group of 10 drivers experienced neither system during the study. Results: Results indicated that the incentive system resulted in significant reductions in driving faster than the posted limit, and the feedback system led to modest changes in speeding. In the condition in which drivers experienced the feedback and incentive, reductions in speeding were similar to those found during the incentive-only condition. Conclusion: The technology tested in this study has potential to benefit traffic safety by reducing the incidence of driving faster than the posted limit, which should lead to a reduction in speed-related crashes. Application: Insurers provide incentive-based discounts on premiums. Combining this technology with such a discount program may improve traffic safety significantly.

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Denegri, Charles M. "Limit Cycle Oscillation Flight Test Results of a Fighter with External Stores." Journal of Aircraft 37, no. 5 (September 2000): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.2696.

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Gao, Qingdong, Chenghong Duan, and Xiangpeng Luo. "Study on External Limit Load and Instability Characteristics of C-shaped Bellows." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 677 (December 10, 2019): 022096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/677/2/022096.

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Aceves-Sanchez, Pedro, and Antoine Mellet. "Anomalous diffusion limit for a linear Boltzmann equation with external force field." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 27, no. 05 (April 19, 2017): 845–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021820251750018x.

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This paper is devoted to the approximation of the linear Boltzmann equation by fractional diffusion equations. Most existing results address this question when there is no external acceleration field. The goal of this paper is to investigate the case where a given acceleration field is present. The main result of this paper shows that for an appropriate scaling of the acceleration field, the usual fractional diffusion equation is supplemented by an advection term. Both the critical and supercritical case are considered.

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23

Wang, Yao, Wanjing Peng, Xiaobo Yang, Jue Peng, Yinhong Sun, Yi Ma, Qingsong Gao, and Chun Tang. "Efficient operation near the quantum limit in external cavity diamond Raman laser." Laser Physics 30, no. 9 (July 22, 2020): 095002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ab9d76.

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Bleher, Pavel, and Arno B. J. Kuijlaars. "Large n Limit of Gaussian Random Matrices with External Source, Part I." Communications in Mathematical Physics 252, no. 1-3 (October 7, 2004): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-004-1196-2.

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Aptekarev, Alexander I., Pavel M. Bleher, and Arno B. J. Kuijlaars. "Large n Limit of Gaussian Random Matrices with External Source, Part II." Communications in Mathematical Physics 259, no. 2 (June 2, 2005): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-005-1367-9.

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Fürst, Martin L. R., and Max Lein. "Semi- and Non-Relativistic Limit of the Dirac Dynamics with External Fields." Annales Henri Poincaré 14, no. 5 (November 28, 2012): 1305–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00023-012-0213-9.

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27

Kelley, Judith. "Does domestic politics limit the influence of external actors on ethnic politics?" Human Rights Review 4, no. 3 (April 2003): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12142-003-1011-z.

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Li, Dongzhe, Shuo Li, Chengyong Zhong, and Junjie He. "Tuning magnetism at the two-dimensional limit: a theoretical perspective." Nanoscale 13, no. 47 (2021): 19812–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr06835k.

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Wang, Xiaojun, Haoran Sun, Minghao Feng, Zhigui Ren, and Jurong Liu. "Dynamic Analysis of Working Device of Excavator under Limit Digging Force." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 102, no. 5 (June 26, 2021): 1137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40032-021-00725-4.

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AbstractIn order to more accurately analyze the dynamic characteristics of the working device of the hydraulic excavator. The load changes on the two digging trajectories were calculated and analyzed by using the limit digging force model and the theoretical digging force model, respectively. The rigid-flexible coupling model of the working device was established in ADAMS. Taking the limit digging force (LDF) and the theoretical digging force (TDF) as the external load of the working device, the dynamic simulation of the hinge force of the working device in the two trajectories was carried out, and the structural strength analysis of the bucket was carried out by using ANSYS. The results show that the tangential force of the LDF is generally larger than that of the TDF, the hinge point force of the working device changes dynamically with the external load of the tooling, and the influence of the LDF on the hinge point force is greater than that of the TDF. When the LDF is taken as the external load, the structural strength of the bucket meets the operational requirements.

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Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E., and N. N. Leonenko. "Burgers' turbulence problem with linear or quadratic external potential." Journal of Applied Probability 42, no. 2 (June 2005): 550–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1118777187.

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We consider solutions of Burgers' equation with linear or quadratic external potential and stationary random initial conditions of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type. We study a class of limit laws that correspond to a scale renormalization of the solutions.

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Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E., and N. N. Leonenko. "Burgers' turbulence problem with linear or quadratic external potential." Journal of Applied Probability 42, no. 02 (June 2005): 550–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200000516.

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We consider solutions of Burgers' equation with linear or quadratic external potential and stationary random initial conditions of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type. We study a class of limit laws that correspond to a scale renormalization of the solutions.

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Grynyov, Boris, Narine Gurdzhian, Olga Zelenskaya, Larisa Mitcay, and Vladimir Tarasov. "Statistical criteria for limiting the measurement of radionuclide activity by plastic scintillators." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2021.236095.

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The paper is devoted to the estimation of the characteristic limits (statistical criteria) for the detection of small amounts of ionizing radiation by a measuring device under conditions of a natural radioactivity background of the environment: the decision threshold, the detection limit, the minimum detectable activity and the confidence interval. The assessment procedures were carried out in accordance with the national harmonized standard DSTU ISO 11929-3:2009. The threshold for making a decision on the presence of 137Cs and 60Co radionuclides in objects of the external environment and the limit of their detection using a measuring device equipped with plastic scintillators manufactured by the Institute of Scintillation Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine were estimated. The influence of the energy of the detected radiation, the dimensions of the scintillators and the geometry of the irradiation on the estimation of the characteristic limits were investigated. Keywords: scintillator; decision threshold; detection limit; confidence interval; minimum detectable activity.

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Flatscher, Florian, Martin Philipp, Steffen Ganschow, H. Martin R. Wilkening, and Daniel Rettenwander. "The natural critical current density limit for Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 31 (2020): 15782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta14177d.

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The critical current density in symmetrical Li metal cells using Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ single crystals is determined. The upper limit at room temperature without applying any external forces is below 300 μA cm⁻².

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YAMAPI, R., B. R. NANA NBENDJO, and H. G. ENJIEU KADJI. "DYNAMICS AND ACTIVE CONTROL OF MOTION OF A DRIVEN MULTI-LIMIT-CYCLE VAN DER POL OSCILLATOR." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 17, no. 04 (April 2007): 1343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127407017847.

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This paper deals with the dynamics and active control of a driven multi-limit-cycle Van der Pol oscillator. The amplitude of the oscillatory states both in the autonomous and nonautonomous case are derived. The interaction between the amplitudes of the external excitation and the limit-cycles are also analyzed. The domain of the admissible values on the amplitude for the external excitation is found. The effects of the control parameter on the behavior of a driven multi-limit-cycle Van der Pol model are analyzed and it appears that with the appropriate selection of the coupling parameter, the quenching of chaotic vibrations takes place.

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Cui, Z. C. "Allowable limit of error in clinical chemistry quality control." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 630–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.4.630.

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Abstract Taking the National Clinical Chemistry Quality Control of China National Center for Clinical Laboratory as an example, I present this study of some problems with using the allowable error limit in present-day clinical chemistry quality control, and propose a new allowable error limit for use in external quality control in clinical chemistry.

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Xie, Shoudong, Chang Su, Ying Xu, Qianqian Wang, Jian Wang, and Zixiang Xia. "Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation of Sandstone under Cyclic Loading-Unloading." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8444980.

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For the bearing rock in geotechnical engineering, it is frequently affected by external loads. This paper adopted different upper limits of stress to carry out cyclic loading-unloading on the sandstone specimens to make them in different damage degrees and analyzed the mechanical mechanism of the damaged sandstone under different stresses. Then, the strength change and energy evolution of sandstone with different damage degrees were analyzed, and the damage of the loaded sandstone was quantitatively characterized. The experimental results showed that the strength and plastic deformation of sandstone after cyclic loading-unloading with different upper-stress limits gradually decreased with the increase of the upper-stress limit. In the loading-unloading stages of cyclic loading-unloading, the elastic modulus increased with the increase of the upper-stress limit. In general, as the number of cycles increased, the total strain energy density and elastic deformation energy density gradually increased, and as the upper-stress limit increased, both of them also increased. The damage factor of sandstone after cyclic loading-unloading, which was characterized by dissipated energy, increased in an S-shape with the increase of the upper-stress limit, and the growth rate first increased and then decreased.

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Kamil, Dalia Khawwam, and ,. Asma Ahmad Aziz. "Determination of radionuclide concentrations in cigarette tobacco by using Thallium-doped NaI (TI) scintillate technique." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i2.961.

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This study includes the determination of natural and industrial radionuclides concentrations in different samples of cigarette tobacco. The radionuclides are U238, Th332 series and K40, as well as industrial radionuclides of Cs137.Radiation risk coefficients were calculated. The results showed that the specific activity rates of Ra226, Bi207, Ac228, K40, and Cs137 were within the global limit. The radiological hazard radium equivalent Raeq , intake dose (Dɣ), annual effective dose for external and internal exposure (AEDEout and AEDEin), health risk external and internal hazard indices data (Hex and Hin) and gamma risk radiation were all lower than the allowable global limits http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.033

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Nguyen, Dinh-Thi. "Many-body blow-up profile of boson stars with external potentials." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 31, no. 10 (November 2019): 1950034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x1950034x.

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We consider a 3D quantum system of [Formula: see text] identical bosons in a trapping potential [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], interacting via a Newton potential with an attractive interaction strength [Formula: see text]. For a fixed large [Formula: see text] and the coupling constant [Formula: see text] smaller than a critical value [Formula: see text] (Chandrasekhar limit mass), in an appropriate sense, the many-body system admits a ground state. We investigate the blow-up behavior of the ground state energy as well as the ground states when [Formula: see text] approaches [Formula: see text] sufficiently slowly in the limit [Formula: see text]. The blow-up profile is given by the Gagliardo–Nirenberg solutions.

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Gorączko, Aleksandra, and Andrzej Olchawa. "The Amounts of Water Adsorbed to the Surface of Clay Minerals at the Plastic Limit." Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 64, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0010.

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AbstractThe paper presents results of a study on the amount of water associated with the solid phase of the clay water system at the plastic limit. Two model monomineral clays, namely kaolinite, and montmorillonite, were used in the study. The latter was obtained by gravitational sedimentation of Na-bentonite (Wyoming).The calculated mean number of water molecule layers on the external surface of montmorillonite was 14.4, and water in interlayer spaces constituted 0.3 of the water mass at the plastic limit.The number of water layers on the external surface of kaolinite particles was 63, which was related to the higher density of the surface electrical charge of kaolinite compared to that of montmorillonite.The calculations were made on the basis of the external surface area of clays and the basal spacing at the plastic limit measured by an X-ray diffraction test. The external surface area of clays was estimated by measuring sorption at a relative humidity p/p0 = 0.5.

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Rajana, Nagaraju, Kaviaraj M. Yarbagi, K. Balakumaran, M. V. Madhubabu, J. Mosesbabu, K. Basavaiah, and Dharamasoth Rama Devi. "An Orthogonal Approach for Determination of Acetamide Content in Pharmaceutical Drug Substance and Base-Contaminated Acetonitrile by GC and GC-MS External Method." Journal of Chromatographic Science 57, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmz077.

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Abstract Acetamide is a potential genotoxic impurity; it should control in drug substance based on daily dosage level. It forms from base-contaminated acetonitrile and by-product of some drug substances. The available methods for acetamide in drug substance and water samples were determined by GC-MS using internal standard with critical procedures. These developed and validated methods can assist in evaluating the reaction between acetonitrile and different bases and also determine trace level acetamide in drug substances. The method development was initiated with DB-624, 30 m, 0.32 width and 1.0-μm column. The column was used to validate at the 600 ppm TTC value. Similarly, the CP-SIL 5CB, 60 m, 0.32 width, the 5-μm column was used for the remaining TTC values. The validation study was performed for all TTC limits. The % RSD for precision at 600, 60, 20, 10 and 2.5 ppm was <15%. The % recovery at all TTC level was in between the 70 and 130%. Solution stability study was performed up to the 24 h. At 2.5 ppm, the results were <15% variation from the initial value. The linearities from the 50 to 150% concerning TTC values were more than limit of 0.98 correlation coefficient. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.4 to the 1.3 ppm, respectively, for 2.5 ppm TTC limit method.

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Al-Sabeeh, A. K. "Double Crank External Geneva Mechanism." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919242.

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A designer specified motion characteristics can be obtained using the double crank external Geneva mechanism presented in this work. This mechanism basically consists of double cranks and double curved slots that work together in generating the desired output motion. In other words, the profiles of the slots are defined based on the specified output motion. This feature opens the door for big motion improvements, such as minimizing the maximum acceleration and eliminating infinite jerk. Furthermore, it allows for stepping angles larger than 120 deg (the upper limit for simple Geneva mechanism) and even operates at smaller overall pressure angle. In this paper, the equations defining the slot profiles for some desired output motion are derived. The expression for the pressure angle as a function of the crank displacement angle is obtained. The equations are put into application by an example design of double slotted replacement Geneva mechanism, showing the applicability of the approach and the improvement gained in reducing the pressure angle.

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Marčiukaitis, Gediminas, and Darius Zabulionis. "INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION OF MORTAR MIXTURE ON STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY OF EXTERNAL WALLS/SKIEDINIO SUDĖTIES ĮTAKA IŠORINIŲ SIENOS SLUOKSNIŲ STIPRUMUI IR DEFORMA VIMUISI." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2000): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2000.10531569.

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The basic element of building, wall, must satisfty not only requirements for strength, stability, but also for cracking. Experiments and practice show that in many cases external decoration layers of external walls are cracked. It is because designers and builders do not take into consideration one of the basic conditions of the theory of layers—to satisfy compatibility of deformations of layers. Therefore it is necessary to know physical and mechanical properties of plasters such as strength limits of compressive and tensile strains and modulus of elasticity. In this paper, data and recommendations about strength and deformation properties of plaster are given, as well as regressive equations by which it is possible to choose the composition of composite cement-lime-sand mortar recording the following parameters: compressive and tensile strength, limit strain, modulus of elasticity. Analysis of experimental data shows that the compressive and tensile strength of mortar and modulus of elasticity mainly depend on the ratio cement/sand. Limit deformations depend on all 3 factors: cement, lime and sand.

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Rivas, Ángel. "Quantum Thermodynamics in the Refined Weak Coupling Limit." Entropy 21, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21080725.

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We present a thermodynamic framework for the refined weak coupling limit. In this limit, the interaction between system and environment is weak, but not negligible. As a result, the system dynamics becomes non-Markovian breaking divisibility conditions. Nevertheless, we propose a derivation of the first and second law just in terms of the reduced system dynamics. To this end, we extend the refined weak coupling limit for allowing slowly-varying external drivings and reconsider the definition of internal energy due to the non-negligible interaction.

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Xu, Jian, Engui Fan, and Yang Chen. "Large N-limit for random matrices with external source with three distinct eigenvalues." Random Matrices: Theory and Applications 05, no. 02 (April 2016): 1650005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010326316500052.

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In this paper, we analyze the large N-limit for random matrix with external source with three distinct eigenvalues. And we confine ourselves in the Hermite case and the three distinct eigenvalues are [Formula: see text]. For the case [Formula: see text], we establish the universal behavior of local eigenvalue correlations in the limit [Formula: see text], which is known from unitarily invariant random matrix models. Thus, local eigenvalue correlations are expressed in terms of the sine kernel in the bulk and in terms of the Airy kernel at the edge of the spectrum. The result can be obtained by analyzing [Formula: see text] Riemann–Hilbert problem via nonlinear steepest decent method.

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YUKALOV, V. I. "METHOD OF THERMODYNAMIC QUASIAVERAGES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 20 (December 1991): 3235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291001267.

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A new method is developed to define pure states for many-body systems with spontaneous symmetry breaking. The advantage of the method is in the use of solely the standard thermodynamic limit, as compared to the Bogolubov method of infinitesimal external sources which invokes two limiting procedures: the standard thermodynamic limit and the elimination of external sources. The general conditions for obtaining pure states are formulated. When these conditions do not hold mixed states appear. The method is illustrated by calculations for two simple models.

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Olabode, Dagbegnon Luc, Julien Yovogan, and Jean Bio Chabi Orou. "Determination of Analytical Solution and Limit Cycle of Nonlinear Chemical Oscillations." Applied Physics Research 11, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v11n2p79.

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This work studies the determination of analytical solution and cycle limite in nonlinear chemical oscillations gouverned by a forced modified Van der Pol-Duffing oscillator. We considered the dynamic of nonlinear chemical systems subjected to an external sinusoidal excitation. The first order appoximative solution of the oxcillator is determined using the Lindstedt’sperturbation method. The limit cycle number of the oscillator is found as well as the effect of certain parameters of the model on cycle limit analyzes. The harmonic balance method is used to find the amplitudes of the oscillatory states. The effect of the constraint parameter β of the oscillator are observed on amplitude-response curves. Numerical simulations are used to validate the results obtained by analytical methods.

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Díaz-Espinosa, Oliver, and Rafael de la Llave. "Renormalization and central limit theorem for critical dynamical systems with weak external noise." Journal of Modern Dynamics 1, no. 3 (2007): 477–543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2007.1.477.

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Fily, Yaouen. "Self-propelled particle in a nonconvex external potential: Persistent limit in one dimension." Journal of Chemical Physics 150, no. 17 (May 7, 2019): 174906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5085759.

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Dirr, Nicolas, and Enza Orlandi. "Sharp-Interface Limit of a Ginzburg–Landau Functional with a Random External Field." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 41, no. 2 (January 2009): 781–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/070684100.

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Zhang, Li, and Fangqi Chen. "Stability and bifurcation for limit cycle oscillations of an airfoil with external store." Nonlinear Dynamics 88, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-016-3237-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'External limit'

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