Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'External level of speech'
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Vaziri, Ghazaleh. "Evaluation of Changes in Speech Production Induced by Conventional and Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors and Noise Characteristics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38501.
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The use of personal hearing protection devices (HPDs) is often recommended to protect workers' hearing from noise-induced damage when no other means of reducing noise levels at the source is effective. The effects of HPDs on speech communication cannot be neglected in spite of their benefit in reducing the risk of hearing loss. While much research has been directed at speech perception, much less is known on how HPDs affect speech production. The tendency of talkers to raise their vocal effort in noise, known as the Lombard effect, is often disrupted by HPDs due to their occlusion effect and the lower noise at the ears as well as the attenuated feedback from one’s own voice.
Three main knowledge gaps are addressed in this thesis. The first gap is to characterize speech produced by talkers with or without HPDs under realistic acoustic conditions while immersed in an external noise field. The second gap is to evaluate more comprehensively speech production under protected and unprotected talker and listener ear conditions in different types of fluctuating and continous noises. The third gap is to assess the alterations in the characteristics of speech produced by talkers wearing level-dependent HPDs set at different transmission gain settings and in comparison with passive HPDs.
This thesis extends methods used to recover Lombard speech elicited in an external noise field. For this purpose, two noise suppression methods, direct waveform subtraction (DWS) and adaptive noise cancellation (ANC), were found to adequately remove noise from speech recorded for SNRs as low as −10 dB. Moreover, this work contributes new knowledge on the effects of conventional passive HPDs on speech production. When talker wears HPD in noise then speech level were found to decrease by up to 9 dB in continuous noises and by 7 dB in fluctuating noises compared to open ears, while speech levels were found to increase by about 5 dB in all noises when the listener wears HPD. Furthermore, changes in pitch and spectral levels were consistent with changes in speech levels. The effects of level-dependent HPD on speech production, depending on the chosen transmission gain setting, revealed that it led to smaller decrease in talkers’ speech levels in noise compared to conventional passive HPD. These findings indicate that the level-dependent HPDs may impede communication less than conventional passive HPDs, while providing protection against high levels of noise.
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Lucas, Adrian Edward. "Acoustic level speech recognition." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2819/.
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A number of techniques have been developed over the last forty years which attempt to solve the problem of recognizing human speech by machine. Although the general problem of unconstrained, speaker independent connected speech recognition is still not solved, some of the methods have demonstrated varying degrees of success on a number of constrained speech recognition tasks. Human speech communication is considered to take place on a number of levels from the acoustic signal through to higher linguistic and semantic levels. At the acoustic level, the recognition process can be divided into time-alignment (the removal of global and local timing differences between the unknown input speech and the stored reference templates) and referencete mplate matching. Little attention seems to have been given to the effective use of acoustic level contextual information to improve the performance of these tasks. In this thesis, a new template matching scheme is developed which addresses this issue and successfully allows the utilization of acoustic level context. The method, based on Bayesian decision theory, is a dynamic time warping approach which incorporates statistical dependencies in matching errors between frames along the entire length of the reference template. In addition, the method includes a speaker compensation technique operating simultaneously. Implementation is carried out using the highly efficient branch and bound algorithm. Speech model storage requirements are quite small as a result of an elegant feature of the recursive matching criterion. Furthermore, a novel method for inferencing the special speech models is introduced. The new method is tested on data drawn from nearly 8000 utterances of the 26 letters of the British English Alphabet spoken by 104 speakers, split almost equally between male and female speakers. Experiments show that the new approach is a powerful acoustic level speech recognizer achieving up to 34% better recognition performance when compared with a conventional method based on the dynamic programming algorithm.
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Campbell, Wilhelm. "Multi-level speech timing control." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283832.
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This thesis describes a model of speech timing, predicting at the syllable level, with sensitivity to rhythmic factors at the foot level, that predicts segmental durations by a process of accommodation into the higher-level timing framework. The model is based on analyses of two large databases of British English speech; one illustrating the range of prosodic variation in the language, the other illustrating segmental duration characteristics in various phonetic environments. Designed for a speech synthesis application, the model also has relevance to linguistic and phonetic theory, and shows that phonological specification of prosodic variation is independent of the phonetic realisation of segmental duration. It also shows, using normalisation of phone-specific timing characteristics, that lengthening of segments within the syllable is of three kinds: prominence-related, applying more to onset segments; boundary-related, applying more to coda segments; and rhythm/rate-related, being more uniform across all component segments. In this model, durations are first predicted at the level of the syllable from consideration of the number of component segments, the nature of the rhyme, and the three types of lengthening. The segmental durations are then constrained to sum to this value by determining an appropriate uniform quantile of their individual distributions. Segmental distributions define the range of likely durations each might show under a given set of conditions; their parameters are predicted from broad-class features of place and manner of articulation, factored for position in the syllable, clustering, stress, and finality. Two parameters determine the segmental duration . pdfs, assuming a Gamma distribution, and one parameter determines the quantile within that pdf to predict the duration of any segment in a given prosodic context. In experimental tests, each level produced durations that closely fitted the data of four speakers of British English, and showed performance rates higher than a comparable model predicting exclusively at the level of the segment.
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Chang, Hung-An Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Multi-level acoustic modeling for automatic speech recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74981.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-192).
Context-dependent acoustic modeling is commonly used in large-vocabulary Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems as a way to model coarticulatory variations that occur during speech production. Typically, the local phoneme context is used as a means to define context-dependent units. Because the number of possible context-dependent units can grow exponentially with the length of the contexts, many units will not have enough training examples to train a robust model, resulting in a data sparsity problem. For nearly two decades, this data sparsity problem has been dealt with by a clustering-based framework which systematically groups different context-dependent units into clusters such that each cluster can have enough data. Although dealing with the data sparsity issue, the clustering-based approach also makes all context-dependent units within a cluster have the same acoustic score, resulting in a quantization effect that can potentially limit the performance of the context-dependent model. In this work, a multi-level acoustic modeling framework is proposed to address both the data sparsity problem and the quantization effect. Under the multi-level framework, each context-dependent unit is associated with classifiers that target multiple levels of contextual resolution, and the outputs of the classifiers are linearly combined for scoring during recognition. By choosing the classifiers judiciously, both the data sparsity problem and the quantization effect can be dealt with. The proposed multi-level framework can also be integrated into existing large-vocabulary ASR systems, such as FST-based ASR systems, and is compatible with state-of-the-art error reduction techniques for ASR systems, such as discriminative training methods. Multiple sets of experiments have been conducted to compare the performance of the clustering-based acoustic model and the proposed multi-level model. In a phonetic recognition experiment on TIMIT, the multi-level model has about 8% relative improvement in terms of phone error rate, showing that the multi-level framework can help improve phonetic prediction accuracy. In a large-vocabulary transcription task, combining the proposed multi-level modeling framework with discriminative training can provide more than 20% relative improvement over a clustering baseline model in terms of Word Error Rate (WER), showing that the multi-level framework can be integrated into existing large-vocabulary decoding frameworks and that it combines well with discriminative training methods. In speaker adaptive transcription task, the multi-level model has about 14% relative WER improvement, showing that the proposed framework can adapt better to new speakers, and potentially to new environments than the conventional clustering-based approach.
by Hung-An Chang.
Ph.D.
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Пазюра, Людмила Володимирівна, and Олександра Олександрівна Новікова. "Teaching oral russian speech at the beginner’s level." Thesis, Материали за XIV международна научна практична конференция, Новината за напреднали наука - 2018 , 15-22 май 2018 г. Филологическите науки. : София.« Бял ГРАД-БГ » - 140 c. (С. 17-21), 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/35225.
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Golston, Chris. "Level-ordered Lexical Insertion: Evidence from Speech Errors." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227269.
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Agee, C., C. Bowden, and A. Lynn Williams. "Phonological Intervention with Children: Word vs. Conversation Level." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2103.
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Husein, Hish. "Audiologist as the entry level professional." Diss., NSUWorks, 2002. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_aud_stuetd/2.
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Professional Research Project Report Presented to the Au.D. and SLP.D. Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Audiology.
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Colombo, Mackenzie. "Is There a Significant Positive Correlation Between Paraphasias at the Level of Confrontation Naming to Paraphasias at the Level of Discourse and CIUs in Discourse?" The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554820396344076.
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Elgie, Benjamin. "Activation of word-level speech production regions during suprasegmental speech perception differs by modality and task." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104890.
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This study addresses recent ideas regarding the contribution of motor and frontal brain regions, traditionally engaged during speech production, to speech perception. Using an fMRI experiment concerned with word-level speech production and perception, the overlap between perception and production was investigated using a functional mask derived from a conjunction analysis of that experiment's word production tasks. This same mask was used to analyse activity during multi-modal sentence-level speech perception in another experiment. Common activity was found between word production and word perception, but not between word production and the more complex sentence-level speech perception tasks. Contrary to certain claims, visual speech perception did not lead to increased activation of speech production regions. Whole-brain analyses of the sentence-level experiment revealed complex differences between modality- and task-specific regions in frontal, temporal, and occipital regions. Activation in this experiment was clearly influenced by inherent demands of the speech level, task, and modality. Results are discussed in light of the task demands of both experiments, as well as their implication for current understanding of motor/frontal contributions to speech perception.Cette étude s'appuie sur de récentes hypothèses concernant la contribution en perception de la parole des aires cérébrales motrices et frontales, traditionnellement recrutées lors de la production de la parole. La création d'un masque fonctionnel calculé à partir des données d'une étude en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionelle (IRMf) portant sur la perception et la production de mots nous a permis de rechercher une éventuelle superposition entre la perception et la production de la parole. Ce masque a été à nouveau utilisé pour analyser d'éventuelles activations pendant une tâche de perception de phrases multi-modales issue d'une autre expérience d'IRMf. Des activités communes à la production et à la perception de mots, mais pas entre la production de mots et la production plus complexe de phrases, ont été mises en évidence. Contrairement à certaines affirmations, la perception visuelle de la parole n'a pas entraîné d'augmentation des activations dans les régions dédiées à la production de la parole. Des analyses de l'ensemble du cerveau lors de la perception et de la production des phrases ont révélé des différences complexes entre les régions spécifiques de la tâche ou de la modalité dans des aires frontales, temporales et occipitales. La modalité, la tâche et le niveau de complexité de la parole ont clairement influencé les activations observées lors de cette expérience. Les résultats obtenus sont discutés en regard des demandes spécifiques dues aux tâches et aux expériences menées ainsi que de la compréhension actuelle des contributions motrices/frontales lors de la perception de la parole.
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Ng, Kei-chit Brenda. "Noncategorical perception of Cantonese level tones." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207664.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2000."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2000." Also available in print.
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King, Simon Alistair. "Using information above the word level for automatic speech recognition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10380.
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This thesis introduces a general method for using information at the utterance level and across utterances for automatic speech recognition. The method involves classification of utterances into types. Using constraints at the utterance level via this classification method allows information sources to be exploited which cannot necessarily be used directly for word recognition. The classification power of three sources of information is investigated: the language model in the speech recogniser, dialogue context and intonation. The method is applied to a challenging task: the recognition of spontaneous dialogue speech. The results show success in automatic utterance type classification, and subsequent word error rate reduction over a baseline system, when all three information sources are probabilistically combined.
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Bourgeois, Thomas C. "Deriving Abstract Representations Directly from the Level of Connected Speech." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227240.
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Murnane, Owen D., and J. K. Kelly. "Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions: Effects of Stimulus Level." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1915.
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Jones, Matthew. "The use of acoustic-level prosodics in large vocabulary speech recognition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339625.
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Al-Darkazali, Mohammed. "Image processing methods to segment speech spectrograms for word level recognition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71675/.
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The ultimate goal of automatic speech recognition (ASR) research is to allow a computer to recognize speech in real-time, with full accuracy, independent of vocabulary size, noise, speaker characteristics or accent. Today, systems are trained to learn an individual speaker's voice and larger vocabularies statistically, but accuracy is not ideal. A small gap between actual speech and acoustic speech representation in the statistical mapping causes a failure to produce a match of the acoustic speech signals by Hidden Markov Model (HMM) methods and consequently leads to classification errors. Certainly, these errors in the low level recognition stage of ASR produce unavoidable errors at the higher levels. Therefore, it seems that ASR additional research ideas to be incorporated within current speech recognition systems. This study seeks new perspective on speech recognition. It incorporates a new approach for speech recognition, supporting it with wider previous research, validating it with a lexicon of 533 words and integrating it with a current speech recognition method to overcome the existing limitations. The study focusses on applying image processing to speech spectrogram images (SSI). We, thus develop a new writing system, which we call the Speech-Image Recogniser Code (SIR-CODE). The SIR-CODE refers to the transposition of the speech signal to an artificial domain (the SSI) that allows the classification of the speech signal into segments. The SIR-CODE allows the matching of all speech features (formants, power spectrum, duration, cues of articulation places, etc.) in one process. This was made possible by adding a Realization Layer (RL) on top of the traditional speech recognition layer (based on HMM) to check all sequential phones of a word in single step matching process. The study shows that the method gives better recognition results than HMMs alone, leading to accurate and reliable ASR in noisy environments. Therefore, the addition of the RL for SSI matching is a highly promising solution to compensate for the failure of HMMs in low level recognition. In addition, the same concept of employing SSIs can be used for whole sentences to reduce classification errors in HMM based high level recognition. The SIR-CODE bridges the gap between theory and practice of phoneme recognition by matching the SSI patterns at the word level. Thus, it can be adapted for dynamic time warping on the SIR-CODE segments, which can help to achieve ASR, based on SSI matching alone.
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Kamppari, Simo O. (Simo Olli) 1976. "Word and phone level acoustic confidence scoring for speech understanding systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86458.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
by Simo O. Kamppari.
M.Eng.
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Rossi-Katz, Jessica A. "The contribution of lower-level and higher-level processes to age-related changes in competing-speech perception." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239444.
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Case, Erik S. Sahliyeh Emile F. "State level causes of terrorism limits on political expression /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12092.
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Pham, T. M. "Exploring strategies for incorporating population-level external information in multiple imputation of missing data." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044801/.
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Multiple imputation (MI) is increasingly used for handling missing data in medical research. The standard implementation of MI assumes that data are missing at random (MAR). However, under missing not at random (MNAR) mechanisms, standard MI might not be satisfactory. When there are external data sources providing population-level information about the incomplete variables, it is desirable to utilise such information in MI. This thesis aims to explore how knowledge about the incomplete covariate's population marginal distribution from an external dataset can be used to improve standard MI under MNAR mechanisms. Two univariate MI methods are proposed for an incomplete binary/categorical covariate to anchor inference to the population: weighted MI and calibrated-δ adjustment MI. Chapter 3 demonstrates how, in weighted MI, the incomplete covariate's population distribution can be incorporated as probability weights in the imputation process to closely match the post-imputation distribution to the population level. Results from analytic and simulation studies of a 2x2 contingency table show that weighted MI can produce more accurate inferences under two general MNAR mechanisms. Weighted MI is also integrated into the multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) algorithm for imputing several incomplete covariates, accounting for their population marginal distributions from external data. Chapter 4 develops and evaluates calibrated-δ adjustment MI, which incorporates the incomplete covariate's population distribution as a δ adjustment in the imputation model’s intercept. In a 2x2 contingency table, it is shown analytically and via simulation that appropriately adjusting the imputation model's intercept fully corrects bias when the incomplete covariate is MNAR dependent on its values and the (complete) outcome. An adaptation of the method in the MICE algorithm for multivariate imputation is also explored. Chapter 5 investigates another univariate missing data setting, with a continuous outcome. Under the above MNAR mechanism, the presence of a second sensitivity parameter for the covariate – outcome association in the imputation model is introduced, rendering the calibrated-δ intercept adjustment insufficient. The sensitivity analysis then involves eliciting values of the second sensitivity parameter and deriving the calibrated-δ adjustment in the intercept. Chapter 6 presents two case studies using electronic health records to illustrate the application of the proposed population-calibrated MI methods.
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Matar, Soud. "The impact of legal responsibility of external auditors on auditing quality and investment level." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11988.
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This research aims to study the effects of legal liability rules on auditing quality in order to devise and implement a guideline for the optimal liability rules that can be applied to the auditing profession within society, and thus encourage investment. In an emerging market like Kuwait state, there is a weakness in the legal system, which may cause users to place less reliance on financial reports and auditing services. This environment does not encourage investment. The position in Kuwait state will be studied as an example of how emerging economies can add to the understanding of the role of the auditor, for the purposes of improving audit quality and encouraging a greater amount of investment. Where this position can be understood, this study gives a strong impression of how the legal liability of external auditors can impact on the auditing quality and, importantly, the chances of obtaining investment. For this reason the study is applied in Kuwait state. This research differs from the other literature in several important ways. First, the study has been performed in an environment of weak governance. Second, it studies the effects of the civil legal liability system from two views at the same time, so the research is carried out in relation to two different sides: first, the demand side of the auditing services represented by the users of financial information; and second, the supply side of the auditing services represented by the auditors. This has been done through two questionnaires, one distributed for each side. The results of users' questionnaire revealed that the existence of civil legal liability will increase the demand for auditing service. Also, consideration is directed towards the main determinant of auditing quality, which is the legal liability system, more so than other factors. As well as, through increasing auditor liability, trust in financial information will be enhanced, subsequently prompting investment within society. Moreover, the users, besides their needs for auditing services, require auditors to provide collateral for their investment process in order to increase their investment level. On other side, the results of auditors' questionnaire detected that the auditors hold the view that the demand for auditing services by companies will not be affected by the existence or non-existence of the liability rules. However, auditors believe that the existence of legal liability rules will make financial statement users more trustful in financial information, thereby increasing the number of users of audited financial reports. Also, the auditors do not agree that their liability should be increased since this will make auditing services more costly through the need to collect more evidence, increase the time of auditing, increase the sample size, etc. The increase in liability will also limit their acceptance of risky clients, make them increase their efforts, and due care. Furthermore, the introduction of legal liability may cause them to reduce their supply of audit services. Finally, a statistical test is carried out to compare the answers of the two groups. It is found that there are differences in views concerning the effects of the existence of legal liability on the demand for auditing. As well as, there are differences regarding their preferences about the alternative civil legal rules. The results of this study will help legislators by comparing the effects of available legal rules on audit quality and investment level. Accordingly, legislators can select the appropriate legal structure for auditors’ liability that achieves benefits to the business environment.
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Esplà-Gomis, Miquel. "Using external sources of bilingual information for word-level quality estimation in translation technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/54710.
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Natter, Martin, and Markus Feurstein. "Individual level or segmentation based market simulation?" SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1746/1/document.pdf.
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In many studies, choice based conjoint analysis is used to build a market simulator to develop marketing strategies; i.e., shares-of-preference are taken as market share forecasts. However, conjoint data are collected in interview situations, which may differ considerably from real shopping behavior. In this paper, we test the internal and external validity of four commercial choice based conjoint pricing studies including a total of 43 brands. We use conjoint and sales data to assess the relative performance of two modern approaches to estimate conjoint parameters: the segmentation based Latent Class model and the individual level Hierarchical Bayes approach. Our paper confirms previous results of the internal superiority of the Hierarchical Bayes approach. The main result of our investigation is that internal validity does not predict external validity and that Latent Class shows the same real world performance as Hierarchical Bayes. Both models show an average error of 4.2% in market share level prediction and a correlation of 69% between conjoint forecasts and real market shares. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Gabriel, Karim, and Sani Al Moudarres. "The development of a Speech Level Adjustment Technique for late Deaf People." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för signalbehandling, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4143.
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People that become deaf later on in life do have the ability to speak with correct pronunciation but since they can not hear their own voice nor the noise in the enviroment, they have difficulties to adjust their voice level to the surrounding environment. In this thesis we propose and algorithm which can be used on a prototype to help the late deafened people to adjust their voice level to the surrounding.
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Prebianca, Gicele Vergine Vieira. "Working memory capacity, lexical access and proficiency level in L2 speech production." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92568.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2009Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T10:11:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 272989.pdf: 2194050 bytes, checksum: f560c18beafb51b32515bdd97af738d3 (MD5)
This study investigates (i) whether bilingual lexical access is predicted by working memory capacity (WMC) and proficiency level in L2; (ii) whether WMC and L2 proficiency interact in predicting bilingual lexical access, and (iii) the extent to which within-language competition affects bilingual lexical access. One hundred learners of English as a foreign language (L2) were submitted to three data collection sessions which comprised three tests to measure WMC, two tests to measure L2 proficiency and one test to assess bilingual lexical access. The task used to assess the main L2 ability under investigation - bilingual lexical access -, was a picture-naming task carried out under the semantic competitor paradigm. This task was composed of a control and an experimental condition. Whereas in the former subjects were required to name pictures without any interfering stimuli, in the latter they were asked to retrieve the lexical items to name the pictures under the presence of semantically related L2 word distractors. Data were analyzed quantitatively and the statistical procedures (multiple regressions, ANOVA, ANCOVA and partial correlations) revealed that, in general terms, WMC and L2 proficiency both significantly predicted bilingual lexical access. Higher spans retrieved lexical items faster than lower spans. Moreover, the facilitation effects of semantically related L2 word distractors on L2 picture-naming were shown to be an effect of task order. However, more proficient bilinguals obtained faster reaction times during the retrieval of L2 lexical items than less proficient ones, regardless of performing the control or the experimental condition first. The findings of the present study are explained mainly in respect to the interplay between automatic and controlled processes in memory retrieval and their impact on the development of L2 proficiency. Special attention is given to the way semantic/lexical representations develop, are stored, retrieved and connected in a bilingual mental lexicon.
Este estudo investiga (i) se o acesso lexical bilíngüe pode ser explicado pela capacidade de memória de trabalho (CMT) e pelo nível de proficiência em L2; (ii) se ambos os construtos interagem para explicar o acesso lexical bilíngüe e, (iii) o efeito da competição entre representações lexicais em L2 no acesso lexical bilíngüe. Cem aprendizes de Inglês como língua estrangeira foram submetidos a três sessões de coleta de dados envolvendo 3 testes para medir a capacidade de memória de trabalho, 2 testes para medir o nível de proficiência em L2 e 1 teste para mensurar o acesso lexical bilíngüe dos aprendizes. A tarefa utilizada para medir o acesso lexical foi uma tarefa de nomeação de figuras conduzida sob o paradigma de competição semântica. Essa tarefa era composta de uma condição controle e uma experimental. Enquanto na primeira condição os aprendizes deviam nomear figuras em L2 sem nenhum estímulo interferente, na segunda os mesmo deviam nomear figuras na presença de distratores semanticamente relacionados aos nomes das figuras. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente. Os resultados revelaram que, em termos gerais, CMT e nível de proficiência em L2 explicam parte da variação em acesso lexical significativamente. Aprendizes com maior CMT recuperaram os itens lexicais mais rapidamente que aprendizes com menor CMT. Os efeitos facilitatórios produzidos por distratores semanticamente relacionados aos nomes das figuras na tarefa de nomeação em L2 foram conseqüência da ordem de execução das condições controle e experimental. Os aprendizes mais proficientes, por sua vez, apresentaram tempos de resposta mais rápidos do que aprendizes menos proficientes, independentemente de realizar a condição controle ou a experimental primeiro. Os resultados deste estudo são explicados, principalmente, em relação à interação entre processos automáticos e controlados na recuperação de informação da memória de longo-prazo e no desenvolvimento da proficiência e das representações lexicais em L2.
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Johnson, Earl E. "Comment reply to Does the acceptable noise level (ANL) predict hearing aid use?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2249.
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Trygg, Sebastian. "Compensation to Automate an External Glucose Level Management System for Diabetes Type 1 : Artificial Pancreas." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295809.
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This report takes an approach of laying the first steps to create an artificial pancreassystem as treatment for type 1 diabetes. This includes a thoroughly performedanalysis of the most intrusive physical factors, such as hormonal activity, time offset,errors of measurement and metabolism. Such factors raise a need forcompensation. A compensation that will enable the development of the link betweena continuous glugose monitoring(CGM)-device and an insulin infusion pump,a system that can be described as an Artificial Pancreas.Through analysis of measured glucose series, a mathematicalapproximation is presented to solve the time offset of CGM.The approximation gives sufficient results but with room for improvementFrom the analysis of affecting factors, a compensation model isdeveloped. The model is designed as a closed loop which is suitable for timecontinuous systems. The output of the compensation model equation presented here is adirective that would be read by an insulin pump.
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King, Janice E. "INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON PROGRAM-LEVEL CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION FASHION MERCHANDISING PROGRAMS." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/132.
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In an ever changing global economy, higher education experiences accountability issues in educating the workforce. Graduates require the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in the global workplace. For graduates to have the opportunity to attain this understanding and expertise, it is critical to identify what influences curriculum development to create a curriculum that meets workplace needs. The purpose of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of curriculum development in higher education fashion merchandising programs. More specifically what impacts the curriculum and if skill standard(s) and/or competency list(s), are used when developing program-level curriculum for higher education fashion merchandising programs. Descriptive research examined the internal and external influences and standard(s) and/or competency list(s) used in curriculum development. Electronically, an invitation to participate and the survey instrument were sent to faculty in apparel and textile programs across the United States. Data were collected from 96 apparel and textile faculty. Data revealed internal influences, more so than external influences, impacted curriculum development in higher education fashion merchandising programs. The largest percentage and extent of internal influence on curriculum development in higher education fashion merchandising programs was faculty background; program mission was also a major internal influence. The largest percentage and extent of external influence on curriculum development in higher education fashion merchandising programs was marketplace/employers. No statistically significant relationship was found between the participants' type of institution (undergraduate and graduate granting) and internal and external influences. However, more research is called for to examine the specific internal influence of program mission and the external influence of marketplace/employers. Current curriculum influences, skill standard(s) and/or competency list(s) used, and type of institution were examined in this research study. The study proposes that the higher education fashion merchandising curriculum is influenced, in varying degrees, by internal and external influences and that skill standard(s) and/or competency list(s) from many sources are used in curriculum development. Undergraduate or graduate institutions were not differentially influenced by internal or external factors.
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Morris, Dwayne C. "Pulpit speech a college-level course in verbal and nonverbal style for preaching /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Singer, David. "The effect of instruction in computerized language sample analysis on the knowledge and comfort level of graduate student clinicians." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523068.
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This thesis describes a preexperimental, within-subject, pretest-posttest design used to measure the impact of an in-service training about computerized language sample analysis (CLSA) on the knowledge, comfort level, and implementation practices of21 graduate students in Communicative Disorders enrolled at California State University, Long Beach. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through three surveys: one delivered during clinical practicum didactic sessions prior to the training, one on the day ofthe training, and one survey delivered 12 weeks post-training after the graduate student clinicians had an opportunity to use the computer program they learned about in the training. Results indicated that CLSA knowledge, comfort level and likelihood of implementation increased slightly immediately following the training, but were found to decline over time due to lack of exposure and practice. However, these results were not statistically significant. Findings are discussed as they relate to the current speech-language pathology literature, and possible avenues for further research into this area are explored.
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Kim, Se In. "The association between the supraglottic activity and glottal stops at the sentence level." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1660.
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Contrary to the previous belief that any presence of supraglottic activity indicates presence of hyperfunctional vocal pathology, Stager et al. (2000, 2002) found out that supraglottic compressions do occur in normal subjects. In fact, dynamic false vocal fold compressions during production of phrases with a great number of glottal stops were noted. The present study hypothesized that a similar pattern s would be observed at sentence level, where at least 50% or higher incidence of dynamic FVF compressions would be observed at aurally perceived glottal stops and other linguistic markers, such as vowel-initial words, /t/ final words, punctuations and phrase boundaries, where glottal stops were likely to occur.
Nasendoscopic recordings were obtained from 8 healthy subjects (2M; 6F) during production of selected sentence stimuli.. Their audio recordings were rated by two judges to detect the location of glottal stops. Then, the video images were analyzed to categorize the presence and absence of dynamic and static false vocal folds (FVF) or anterior posterior (AP) compressions. Results indicated that the incidence of dynamic FVF compressions was 30%. Nevertheless, the average incidence was elevated at aurally perceived glottal stops and at the linguistic contexts that are known to be associated with glottal stops compared to other contexts.
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Fagelson, Marc A., and Frederick N. Martin. "The Occlusion Effect and Ear Canal Sound Pressure Level." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1582.
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Comparisons were made between changes in the audibility of bone-conduction stimuli to differences in the sound pressure present in the external auditory canal when ears were occluded. Fifteen listeners with normal middle ear function were tested using pure tones of 250, 500, and 1000 Hz, delivered via a bone-conduction oscillator placed on the mastoid process and the frontal bone. At all three frequencies, and both sites of stimulation, ear canal sound pressures were greater in the occluded than in the unoccluded conditions. Concurrently, the test signals were detected at lower intensities, although the changes in audibility and external canal sound pressure levels were not unity. The occlusion effect was attenuated slightly when the skull was vibrated from the frontal bone.
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Lau, Suk-han. "The effect of type and level of noise on long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17896253.
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Kenny, Nicoll. "Risks and outcomes for enteral nutrition among adults with dysphagia at a tertiary level hospital in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15521.
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Patients with dysphagia, who are unable to meet their daily hydration and nutritional needs orally, may require enteral nutrition, either via a nasogastric tube (NGT) as a short term provision, or via a gastrostomy tube for longer term provision. The presence of dysphagia, specific medical conditions and the presence of comorbidities place patients, who require enteral nutrition, at risk for mortality. High rates of mortality are reported in international literature, in patients following the placement of long term enteral nutrition via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). High mortality rates following the placement of enteral nutrition in patients treated by Speech Language Therapists (SLTs) at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) were noted anecdotally. No study has previously been done to analyse the outcomes and risks of the placement of enteral nutrition in the adult population with dysphagia in the South African context. This study aimed to compare survival times in patients with dysphagia, who had a single morbidity and multiple morbidities, who were recommended for enteral nutrition to those who were recommended for oral palliative nutrition, and the risks associated with a higher risk of mortality postplacement of enteral nutrition. Design: The study employed an observational cohort design, using both retrospective and prospective methods. Three cohorts were included in the study.1) Participants with multiple morbidities who were recommended for enteral nutrition (n=212), 2) Participants with a single morbidity who were recommended for enteral nutrition (n=35) and, 3) Participants who were placed on oral palliative nutrition (n=10). Results: A high rate or mortality was noted in all participants who were placed on enteral nutrition (regardless of it being NGT or PEG). Survival time was longer in participants with a single morbidity (54 days) compared to those with multiple morbidities (24 days) who received a PEG. Survival of participants with multiple morbidities who were on oral palliative nutrition, was only five days less (19 days) than participants with multiple morbidities who had a PEG placed. Mortality rates were high following the placement of enteral nutrition which could be attributed to the participants underlying medical condition and level of morbidities present. Conclusion: Findings of this study highlight the need for greater consideration of the risk factors that may place a patient at risk of mortality following the placement of enteral nutrition. It brings into question the futility of some PEG procedures in a cohort of participants that show such poor survival, and encourages clinicians to explore the option of oral palliative nutrition as a recommendation for patients who are expected to have a high risk of mortality if recommended for and placed with enteral nutrition.
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Ukkonen, Merja, and Yuanyuan Feng. "The relationship between accountants and external auditors : A case study from client’s perspective on subordinate level." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207957.
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The nature of the auditor-client relationship is a complex aggregate involving a number of groups and individuals between both parties. Although auditor-client relationship is an important subject in the accounting and auditing literature, what has not been extensively studied is the complex relationship between the clients accounting staff and the external audit group at subordinate organization level. Thus, the purpose of this study is to dig deeper into the relationship between clients accounting staff and external audit team consisting of junior and senior auditors and to find out what characterizes this relationship. We also aim to look it from knowledge management and trust perspectives since these are special characteristics of both professions. In order to find empirical results we conducted a qualitative research with a case study by interviewing three accountants and one controller in the same mother company who do financial work for four subsidiaries. They all work together with several auditor groups and therefore could provide us a good comparison to our results. Our study reveals that the relationship is maintained on the subordinate level by the senior auditor who works not only as an auditor but also as a relationship manager. Furthermore, we identify the fact that lower competence of junior auditors creates problems in relationship with client’s accountants. Therefore, our accountant respondents are more likely to allocate low trust to inexperienced junior auditors, specially due to the fact that accountants are the ones teaching the junior auditors in specific accounting issues which is time consuming and often leads to irritation on the accountants side. However, accountants’ trust towards the senior auditors turns out to be high due to recognized expertise knowledge of senior auditors based on our interviews.
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Мальована, Нiна Володимирiвна, Нина Владимировна Малеванная, and Nina Volodymyrivna Malovana. "Cultural levels of speech." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65147.
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The way you use language tells more about you than any other activity of your life. What you say and how you say it are more revealing of your intelligence, personality, and character than the ways you dress, eat, walk, read or make your living. Knowing how to read and write is a significant accomplishment for everyone, but neither reading nor writing is an essential part of anyone’s factual existence. Communicating with others through some sort of speech signals is essential however.
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Seeff-Gabriel, Belinda Kim. "An investigation of sentence-level abilities in children with different types of speech disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445053/.
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Recent studies have highlighted the co-occurrence of speech disorders with language disorders, yet few studies have attempted to explore the relationship between them. This thesis examines the sentence-level abilities of children with different types of speech disorders, and addresses the following questions: (i) Can children with different types of speech disorders be differentiated according to their sentence-level performance? (ii) Is there a more-than-chance co-occurrence of sentence-level difficulties in children with different types of speech disorders? (iii) What is the relationship between speech disorders and sentence production? (iv) Is sentence imitation an efficient, effective and reliable method of assessing expressive syntax in children with severe speech difficulties? The research focuses on two groups of children, each with a different type of speech disorder: one using atypical phonological processes consistently (CPD) and the other using atypical phonological processes inconsistently (IPD). Their performance was compared to children with SLI and typical development. Results of a group study assessing sentence imitation revealed that children with CPD were no more likely to have co-occurring sentence-level difficulties than typically developing children. The IPD group showed difficulties at the sentence level, with significant variation within the group. Further investigations of sentence processing-related skills found that the IPD group could be divided into those who had IPD only and obtained high sentence imitation scores, and those who had co-occurring IPD and sentence-level difficulties, reflected in their low sentence imitation scores. The performance of the low-scoring IPD children was similar to the SLI group's performance in terms of their sentence imitation accuracy scores and most sentence processing-related abilities. However, they could be differentiated by the types and proportions of their errors and their sentence imitation performance when repeating sentences containing multi-syllabic words. The theoretical and clinical implications of the research outcomes are explored.
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Lam, Lai-man Suki. "Pitch level and pitch variability in Cantonese speakers with dysarthria associated with cerebral palsy." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207548.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2000."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2000." Also available in print.
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Akin, Faith W., Owen D. Murnane, Peter C. Panus, Stacy K. Caruthers, Amy E. Wilkinson, and Tina M. Proffitt. "The Influence of Voluntary Tonic Emg Level on the Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1789.
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Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are proposed as a reliable test to supplement the current vestibular test battery by providing diagnostic information about saccular and/or inferior vestibular nerve function. VEMPs are short-latency electromyograms (EMGs) evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli and recorded from surface electrodes over the tonically contracted sternocleidomastoid muscle. VEMP amplitude is influenced by the EMG level, which must be controlled. This study examined the ability of subjects to achieve the EMG target levels over a range of target levels typically used during VEMP recordings. In addition, the influence of target EMG level on the latency and amplitude of the click- and tone-evoked VEMP was examined. The VEMP amplitude increased as a function of EMG target level, and the latency remained constant. EMG target levels ranging from 30 microV to 50 microV are suggested for clinical application of the VEMP.
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Rose, Veronica Joy. "Increasing Wayfinding for Long-Term Care Residents with Dementia using Spaced Retrieval Training with External Aids." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343265527.
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Jones, Anna Barbara. "Auditory comprehension : from the voice up to the single word level." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25387.
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Auditory comprehension, the ability to understand spoken language, consists of a number of different auditory processing skills. In the five studies presented in this thesis I investigated both intact and impaired auditory comprehension at different levels: voice versus phoneme perception, as well as single word auditory comprehension in terms of phonemic and semantic content. In the first study, using sounds from different continua of ‘male’-/pæ/ to ‘female’-/tæ/ and ‘male’-/tæ/ to ‘female’-/pæ/, healthy participants (n=18) showed that phonemes are categorised faster than voice, in contradistinction with the common hypothesis that voice information is stripped away (or normalised) to access phonemic content. Furthermore, reverse correlation analysis suggests that gender and phoneme are processed on the basis of different perceptual representations. A follow-up study (same paradigm) in stroke patients (n=25, right or left hemispheric brain lesions, both with and without aphasia) showed that lesions of the right frontal cortex (likely ventral inferior frontal gyrus) leads to systematic voice perception deficits while left hemispheric lesions can elicit both voice and phoneme deficits. Together these results show that phoneme processing is lateralized while voice information processing requires both hemispheres. Furthermore, this suggests that commencing Speech and Language Therapy at a low level of acoustic processing/voice perception may be an appropriate method in the treatment of phoneme perception impairments. A longitudinal case study (CF) of crossed aphasia (rare acquired communication impairment secondary to lesion ipsilateral to the dominant hand) is then presented alongside a mini-review of the literature. Extensive clinical investigation showed that CF presented with word-finding difficulties related to impaired auditory phonological analysis, while functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) analyses showed right hemispheric lateralization of language functions (reading, repetition and verb generation). These results, together with the co-morbidity analysis from the mini-review, suggest that crossed aphasia can be explained by developmental disorders which cause partial right lateralization shift of language processes. Interestingly, in CF this process did not affect voice lateralization and information processing, suggesting partial segregation of voice and speech processing. In the last two studies, auditory comprehension was examined at the single word level using a word-picture matching task with congruent (correct target) and incongruent (semantic, phonological and unrelated foils) conditions. fMRI in healthy participants (n=16) revealed a key role of the pars triangularis (phonological processing), the left angular gyrus (semantic incongruency) and the left precuneus (semantic relatedness) in this task – regions typically associated via the arcuate fasciculus and often impaired in aphasia. Further investigation of stroke patients on the same task (n=15) suggested that the connections between the angular gyrus and the pars triangularis serve a fundamental role in semantic processing. The quality of a published word-picture matching task was also investigated, with results questioning the clinical relevance of this task as an assessment tool. Finally, a pilot study looking at the effect of a computer-assisted auditory comprehension therapy (React2©) in 6 stroke patients (vs. 6 healthy controls and 6 stroke patients without therapy) is presented. Results show that the more therapy patients carry out the more improvement is seen in the semantic processing of single nouns. However, these results need to be reproduced on a larger scale in order to generalise any outcomes. Overall, the findings from these studies present new insight into, as well as extending on, current cognitive and neuroanatomical models of voice perception, speech perception and single word auditory comprehension. A combinatorial approach to cognitive and neuroanatomical models is proposed in order to further research, and thus improve clinical care, into impaired auditory comprehension.
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Naish, Daniel A. "Speech interference on residential balconies with road traffic noise." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63527/1/Daniel_Naish_Thesis.pdf.
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Residential balcony design influences speech interference levels caused by road traffic noise and a simplified design methodology is needed for optimising balcony acoustic treatments. This research comprehensively assesses speech interference levels and benefits of nine different balcony designs situated in urban street canyons through the use of a combined direct, specular reflection and diffuse reflection path theoretical model. This thesis outlines the theory, analysis and results that lead up to the presentation of a practical design guide which can be used to predict the acoustic effects of balcony geometry and acoustic treatments in streets with variable geometry and acoustic characteristics.
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Idiart, Andrés Enrique. "Coupled analysis of degradation processes in concrete specimens at the meso-level." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6263.
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En los últimos años, el análisis numérico de problemas acoplados, como los procesos de degradación de materiales y estructuras relacionados con los efectos medioambientales, ha cobrado especial importancia en la comunidad científica de la mecánica del hormigón. Problemas de este tipo son por ejemplo el ataque químico, el efecto de altas temperaturas o la retracción por secado.Tradicionalmente, los análisis acoplados existentes en la literatura se han realizado a nivel macroscópico, considerando el material como un medio continuo y homogéneo. Sin embargo, es bien conocido que el origen de la degradación observada a nivel macroscópico, a menudo es debida a la interacción entre los áridos y el mortero, sobre todo cuando se dan cambios de volumen diferenciales entre los dos componentes. Esta es la razón por la que el análisis mesomecánico está emergiendo como una herramienta potente para estudios de materiales heterogéneos, aunque actualmente existen escasos modelos numéricos capaces de simular un problema acoplado a esta escala de observación.
En esta tesis, la aplicabilidad del modelo meso-mecánico de elementos finitos, desarrollado en el seno del grupo de investigación durante los últimos quince años, se extiende al análisis de problemas acoplados higro-mecánicos y químico-mecánicos, con el fin de estudiar la retracción por secado y el ataque sulfático externo en muestras de hormigón. La generación numérica de mesogeometrías y mallas de elementos finitos con los áridos de mayor tamaño rodeados de la fase mortero se consigue mediante la teoría de Voronoï/Delaunay Adicionalmente, con el fin de simular las principales trayectorias de fisuración, se insertan a priori elementos junta de espesor nulo, equipados con una ley constitutiva basada en la mecánica de fractura no lineal, a lo largo de todos los contactos entre árido y matriz, y también en algunas líneas matriz-matriz.
La aportación principal de esta tesis es, conjuntamente con la realización de análisis acoplados sobre una representación mesoestructural del material, la simulación no solo de la formación y propagación de fisuras, sino también la consideración explícita de la influencia de éstas en el proceso de difusión.
Los cálculos numéricos se realizan mediante el uso de los códigos de elementos finitos DRAC y DRACFLOW, previamente desarrollados en el seno del grupo de investigación, y acoplados mediante una estrategia staggered. Las simula-ciones realizadas abarcan, entre otros aspectos, la evaluación del compor-tamiento acoplado, el ajuste de parámetros del modelo con resultados experimentales disponibles en la bibliografía, diferentes estudios del efecto de los áridos en la microfisuración inducida por el secado y las expansiones debidas al ataque sulfático, así como el efecto simultáneo de los procesos gobernados por difusión y cargas de origen mecánico. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan con observaciones experimentales de la fisuración, el fenómeno de spalling y la evolución de las deformaciones, y muestran la capacidad del modelo para ser utilizado en el estudio de problemas acoplados en los que la naturaleza heterogénea y cuasi-frágil del material tiene un papel predominante.
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Johnson, Earl E., Todd Ricketts, and Benjamin Hornsby. "The Effect of Extending High-Frequency Bandwidth on the Acceptable Noise Level (anl) of Hearing-Impaired Listeners." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1696.
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This study examined the effects of extending high-frequency bandwidth, for both a speech signal and a background noise, on the acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of listeners with mild sensorineural hearing loss through utilization of the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) procedure. In addition to extending high-frequency bandwidth, the effects of reverberation time and background noise type and shape were also examined. The study results showed a significant increase in the mean ANL (i.e. participants requested a better SNR for an acceptable listening situation) when high-frequency bandwidth was extended from 3 to 9 kHz and from 6 to 9 kHz. No change in the ANL of study participants was observed as a result of isolated modification to reverberation time or background noise stimulus. An interaction effect, however, of reverberation time and background noise stimulus was demonstrated. These findings may have implications for future design of hearing aid memory programs for listening to speech in the presence of broadband background noise.
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劉淑 and Suk-han Lau. "The effect of type and level of noise on long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251031.
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Christmann, Corinna [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Lachmann. "The role of stimulus complexity in auditory research of speech and non-speech on the behavioral and electrophysiological level / Corinna Christmann. Betreuer: Thomas Lachmann." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048047008/34.
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Benigas, Jeanette E. "Using Spaced Retrieval with External Aids to Improve Use of Compensatory Strategies During Eating for Persons with Dementia." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373826803.
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Lanzi, Alyssa M. "Effects of External Memory Aid Assessment and Treatment on Everyday Task Performance of Individuals with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7835.
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Individuals with mild neurocognitive disorder complete many activities of daily living independently; however, they may require the use of compensatory strategies while performing everyday tasks. Compensatory strategies, such as external memory aids, incorporate a strengths-based approach to enhance the functional needs of individuals. Although external memory aids have a strong evidence-base, limited assessment tools and interventions are available to facilitate the development of individualized treatment plans that promote sustained strategy use. To better support the everyday needs of individuals with mild neurocognitive disorder and to inform clinicians who are developing interventions, the current dissertation includes four paper that examine a functional framework for external memory aid assessment and intervention. The first paper examined a group intervention teaching three types of external memory aids on functional strategy use, perceived strategy use, and cognitive skills. The second paper identified individual preferences for experiences with external memory aids during and following intervention. The third paper examined individual changes in functional and perceived strategy use following a group-based intervention teaching external memory aids. Lastly, the fourth paper examined the content validity and internal structure of the Functional External Memory Aid Tool: a measure that explores external memory aid use with simulated everyday tasks. By understanding the weaknesses in currently used assessment and intervention practices and the unique preferences of clients, this multi-manuscript dissertation aims to enhance the immediate and long-term needs of individuals with mild neurocognitive disorder.
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Case, Erik S. "State Level Causes of Terrorism: Limits on Political Expression." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12092/.
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Expanding on prior research into the state level causes of terrorism, I argue that state repression and limited state capacity reduces opportunities for non-violent political expression and increases the utility of terrorism. I also argue that economic freedom can is a form of political expression that can dissipate political grievances. While previous authors analyzed some of these variables separately using data on transnational attacks, I created a complete model incorporating the three categories of variables and tested my hypotheses using data that includes both domestic and transnational attacks. I use regression analysis for hypothesis testing and find support for the three primary contentions of this thesis and conclude that limits on political expression increase the likelihood nations will experienced increased levels of terrorism.
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Mavrothalassitis, Paul. "2016-12-31 Investigating the impact of employee motivation on the level of external customer service within Nedbank." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80504.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2010.The necessity for organisations to deliver exceptional service to customers remains a primary factor for sustainability. Organisations continuously seek differentiation from their competition to realise their strategic goals. The main aim of organisations is to satisfy their employees, customers, stakeholders and regulators, and in doing so they would continue to prosper and reflect a positive return on equity. Organisations strive to be market leaders in the area of customer service by ensuring that employees remain engaged and motivated at all times to ensure that a competitive advantage is evident. This study was conducted in the retail banking environment of Nedbank which investigated the link between employee motivation and how this would affect external customer service. The research results were illustrated by means of qualitative and qualitative measurement frameworks, thereby illustrating the effects of employee motivation on the levels of customer service. The study displays that employee motivation determines the outcome of service levels and the delivery of exceptional customer service by satisfied and informed employees.