Journal articles: 'External awareness'

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Wurtele, Sandy K., David R. Wilson, and Robert D. Lyman. "Public Posting and Awareness of External Evaluation:." Residential Group Care & Treatment 3, no. 1 (July 24, 1985): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j297v03n01_05.

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OTSUKA, Sho, and Takahiro SEKIGUCHI. "Awareness of mind wandering by receiving external stimuli." Japanese Journal of Cognitive Psychology 13, no. 2 (2016): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5265/jcogpsy.13.81.

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Stróżyna, Milena, Jacek Małyszko, Krzysztof Węcel, Dominik Filipiak, and Witold Abramowicz. "Architecture of Maritime Awareness System Supplied with External Information." Annual of Navigation 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2016-0009.

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Abstract In this paper, we discuss a software architecture, which has been developed for the needs of the System for Intelligent Maritime Monitoring (SIMMO). The system bases on the state-of-the-art information fusion and intelligence analysis techniques, which generates an enhanced Recognized Maritime Picture and thus supports situation analysis and decision- making. The SIMMO system aims to automatically fuse an up-to-date maritime data from Automatic Identification System (AIS) and open Internet sources. Based on collected data, data analysis is performed to detect suspicious vessels. Functionality of the system is realized in a number of different modules (web crawlers, data fusion, anomaly detection, visualization modules) that share the AIS and external data stored in the system’s database. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how external information can be leveraged in maritime awareness system and what software solutions are necessary. A working system is presented as a proof of concept.

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Shafer, Craig L. "Chronology of Awareness About US National Park External Threats." Environmental Management 50, no. 6 (October 6, 2012): 1098–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9946-y.

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Vanhaudenhuyse, Audrey, Athena Demertzi, Manuel Schabus, Quentin Noirhomme, Serge Bredart, Melanie Boly, Christophe Phillips, et al. "Two Distinct Neuronal Networks Mediate the Awareness of Environment and of Self." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 3 (March 2011): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21488.

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Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies on resting state suggests that there are two distinct anticorrelated cortical systems that mediate conscious awareness: an “extrinsic” system that encompasses lateral fronto-parietal areas and has been linked with processes of external input (external awareness), and an “intrinsic” system which encompasses mainly medial brain areas and has been associated with internal processes (internal awareness). The aim of our study was to explore the neural correlates of resting state by providing behavioral and neuroimaging data from healthy volunteers. With no a priori assumptions, we first determined behaviorally the relationship between external and internal awareness in 31 subjects. We found a significant anticorrelation between external and internal awareness with a mean switching frequency of 0.05 Hz (range: 0.01–0.1 Hz). Interestingly, this frequency is similar to BOLD fMRI slow oscillations. We then evaluated 22 healthy volunteers in an fMRI paradigm looking for brain areas where BOLD activity correlated with “internal” and “external” scores. Activation of precuneus/posterior cingulate, anterior cingulate/mesiofrontal cortices, and parahippocampal areas (“intrinsic system”) was linearly linked to intensity of internal awareness, whereas activation of lateral fronto-parietal cortices (“extrinsic system”) was linearly associated with intensity of external awareness.

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Smith, Kip, and P. A. Hancock. "Situation Awareness Is Adaptive, Externally Directed Consciousness." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37, no. 1 (March 1995): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049444.

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We define situation awareness (SA) as adaptive, externally directed consciousness. This definition dispels the artificial and contentious division evident in the literature, according to which SA is either exclusively knowledge or exclusively process. This misdirected rivalry has more to do with general perspectives on the study of human behavior than with SA itself. Through defining SA as an aspect of consciousness, we hope to clarify two key issues. (1) The source of goals with respect to SA is a normative arbiter in the task environment; that is, the behavior that SA generates must be directed at an external goal. (2) SA is the invariant at the core of the agent's perception-action cycle that supports skilled performance; that is, relationships among factors or dimensions in the environment determine what the agent must know and do to achieve the goals specified by the external arbiter. We introduce a construct we call the risk space to represent the invariant relations in the environment that enable the agent to adapt to novel situations and to attain prespecified goals. We articulate this concept of a risk space through use of a specific example in commercial aircraft operations. The risk space structures information about the physical airspace in a manner that captures the momentary knowledge that drives action and that satisfies the goals and performance criteria for safe and efficient flight. We note that the risk space may be generalized to many different means of navigation.

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Kuriukin, A. N. "THE ECONOMIC LEGAL AWARENESS OF RUSSIANS: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 416–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2018.9.3.416-429.

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Purpose: is to form a comprehensive view of economic legal awareness as the most important factor in the progressive development of the domestic economy and the pledge of the further construction of the rule of law in Russia.Methods: the research is based on the principles of systemic, theoretical-cognitive, institutional, instrumental and interdisciplinary approaches, on the idea of the correlation and interaction of subjective and objective factors in social processes accepted in social science, with relative independence of the subject. Which is devoted to the following tasks: To characterize the legal awareness as a phenomenon and disclose the content of economic legal awareness; To investigate the interaction of the economic legal awareness of modern Russians with regard to the economic task of raising real incomes of citizens; To uncover the legal consciousness of modern Russian business, as the main actor of solving the problem of the Russian Federation becoming one of the five largest economies in the world; To outline the parameters of the influence of economic legal awareness on the creation of a high-performance export-oriented sector in the basic sectors of the economy, developing on the basis of modern technologies and provided with highly qualified personnel.Results: economic legal awareness should be understood as a process and result of the individual's comprehension and evaluation of his legal position in the economy. It is personal and socially conditioned. The state economic policy of Russia has applied specifics, which puts barriers on the way of intensive economic development. The modern Russian in most cases is economically active only for earning, for which he is ready to get a good education and work hard. At the same time, it easily enough goes on minor violations of the law, such as work, without registration for a higher salary or obtaining a loan, which certainly will not be returned in full. At the same time, Russian business, basically, works in the legal field.Сonclusions and relevance: it can be stated that the economic legal awareness of Russians, like the legal awareness in general, is situational in nature, where the individual's desires, needs and interests become a yardstick, for the implementation of which he is ready to violate the law. Overcome this situation can only complex and systematic activity of government bodies, institutions of civil society and the Russian society to solve the economic problems of progressive development facing it, including through legal education and enlightenment.

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Schmidt, Richard. "Awareness and Second Language Acquisition." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 13 (March 1992): 206–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002476.

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One very active research tradition in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) attempts to establish causal relationships between environmental factors and learning. These include the type and quantity of input, instruction and feedback, and the interactional context of learning (Larsen-Freeman and Long 1991). A second very influential line of research and theory in SLA that came to fruition during the 1980s investigates the possible role of universal grammar (UG) in SLA (Eubank 1991b, White 1989). In the Chomskyan tradition, UG refers not to properties of language as the external object of learning but to innate properties of mind that direct the course of primary language acquisition. One question asked within this tradition has been whether or not second language learners still “have access” to UG, but it is assumed that UG principles are not accessible to learner awareness for any kind of conscious analysis of input. It is possible that SLA is the result of UG (a deep internal factor) acting upon input (an external factor), as proposed by White (1989), but what seems to be left out of such an account is the role of the learner's conscious mental processes.

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Peng, Xuerong, and Yang Liu. "Behind eco-innovation: Managerial environmental awareness and external resource acquisition." Journal of Cleaner Production 139 (December 2016): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.051.

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Opekunova, Marina N., and Elena V. Yastrebova. "Population’s awareness of providing an emergency aid for external bleeding." Meditsinskaya sestra 23, no. 5 (2021): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29296/25879979-2021-05-08.

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Allen, M., J. Smallwood, and G. Rees. "Balancing internal and external attention: mind-wandering variability predicts error awareness." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2014): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.330.

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Baker, Colin, Carol L. Loade, and Diane Crone. "Awareness of automated external defibrillators in the community: a local study." British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2015): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2015.10.9.444.

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Root, Nicholas B., Laura K. Case, Caley J. Burrus, and V. S. Ramachandran. "External self-representations improve self-awareness in a child with autism." Neurocase 21, no. 2 (February 26, 2014): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2014.888455.

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BAKER, DONALD, DIMITRIOS GEORGAKOPOULOS, HANS SCHUSTER, and ANDRZEJ CICHOCKI. "AWARENESS PROVISIONING IN COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 11, no. 01n02 (March 2002): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843002000522.

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Collaboration management involves capturing the collaboration process, coordinating the activities of the participating applications and humans, and/or providing awareness, i.e. information that is highly relevant to a specific role and situation of a process participant. In this paper, we propose an awareness provisioning solution that allows focusing, customizing, and temporally constraining the awareness delivered to each process participant. Unlike existing collaboration management technologies (such as workflow and groupware) that provide only a few built-in awareness choices, the proposed awareness solution allows the specification of what information is to be given to what users and at what time. To support this advanced level of awareness, we require the definition of awareness roles and the specification of corresponding awareness descriptions. Awareness roles can be dynamically created and associated with any process scope. Awareness descriptions define what information is to be given to users in an awareness role. Since awareness roles are created or become visible when they are needed, the existence of an awareness role also determines the appropriate time interval during which the information specified in the awareness description can be delivered. This awareness provisioning approach minimizes information overloading and allows the combination of process-relevant information with external information as needed by the process participants. The proposed awareness provisioning solution is employed by the Collaboration Management Infrastructure (CMI), a federated system for collaboration process management. In this paper, we introduce an Awareness Model (AM) for creating awareness specifications and defining related execution semantics. Awareness specifications in AM are specialized composite event specifications that define patterns of process-related events and external events, as well as how information should be digested from them. We also describe the implementation of CMI's awareness provisioning engine and related tools.

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Bamata, Herman, Krishna K. Govender, and Ziska Fields. "An empirical study of optimal access to external finance by small and medium enterprise start-ups." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (August 23, 2019): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.20.

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The aim of this study is to empirically examine the relationships between the determinants of start-up SME success, namely start-up awareness and management skills, and the finance suppliers. This study has proposed a framework that improves the ability of start-up SMEs to access external finance. Through descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of data from a survey of a sample of SMEs in South Africa, it was ascertained that the framework which maps the entrepreneur’s start-up awareness and requisite management skills with the finance providers’ requirements will make up a tool to assist start-up SMEs in developing optimal financing options to grow their businesses.

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Gupta, Alok, and Rajendra P. Singh. "External genital abnormalities in male primary school children: importance of structured school health survey." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201479.

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Background: Abnormalities of external genitalia are often under diagnosed in early childhood because of lack of awareness of parents about the anatomy of external genitalia and social inhibitions. These abnormalities, if left untreated, may lead to psychological, social, and sexual complication. Structured school health survey and awareness among parents can identify these abnormalities at early stage to avoid further complications later. Study was aimed at spreading awareness among parents of young children and school administration about importance of structured screening programme for detecting external genital abnormalities among the young boys to avoid various related complications later.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study covering 586 male primary school children of class I to V aged 6-12 yrs of two Schools in a capital city in northern state of India. All participants were physically examined for external genital anomalies by a trained medical officer. Data collected were analysed using standard statistical software, Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0.Results: Abnormalities were detected in 84 (14.33%) children. Phimosis was commonest abnormality (7.5%), followed by Inguinal Hernia, Un-descended Testes, Hypospadias, Varicocele and Hydrocele. Children of parents having higher educational level were found having lesser prevalence of abnormalities.Conclusions: Diagnosis and management of abnormalities of external genitals of children is delayed due to lack of awareness among parents. Careful screening of these abnormalities at pre-school and school age, increased public awareness and early referral of children is very important to avoid the risk of having urogenital complications during adulthood.

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Hartsell, Heather D. "The Effects of External Bracing on Joint Position Sense Awareness for the Chronically Unstable Ankle." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 9, no. 4 (November 2000): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.9.4.279.

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Context:The effect of externally bracing chronically unstable ankles on joint position sense awareness has had limited study yet is clinically relevant.Objective:To determine active joint position sense awareness, effects of bracing, and differences between flexible and semirigid braces.Design:Between-ankle-group (chronic and healthy), repeated-measures, including brace condition for the joint position of 15° inversion from subtalar neutral.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:24 subjects with healthy and 12 with chronically unstable ankles.Main Outcome Measures:Blindfolded subjects attempted to find a passively placedjoint position under conditions of unbraced, flexible, and semirigid braced. A 3-way repeated-measures ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test for significant interaction effects were conducted.Results:Significant main effects were observed for ankle status, brace, and gender, but no significant interaction effects.Conclusion:Chronically unstable ankles have greater error in joint position sense awareness. However, this deficit might be reduced by using an external semirigid brace.

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Timmerman, Guus, Andries Baart, and Jan den Bakker. "Cultivating quality awareness in corona times." Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 24, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11019-021-10010-x.

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AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic is a tragedy for those who have been hard hit worldwide. At the same time, it is also a test of concepts and practices of what good care is and requires, and how quality of care can be accounted for. In this paper, we present our Care-Ethical Model of Quality Enquiry (CEMQUE) and apply it to the case of residential care for older people in the Netherlands during the Covid-19 pandemic. Instead of thinking about care in healthcare and social welfare as a set of separate care acts, we think about care as a complex practice of relational caring, crossed by other practices. Instead of thinking about professional caregivers as functionaries obeying external rules, we think about them as practically wise professionals. Instead of thinking about developing external quality criteria and systems, we think about cultivating (self-)reflective quality awareness. Instead of abstracting from societal forces that make care possible but also limit it, we acknowledge them and find ways to deal with them. Based on these critical insights, the CEMQUE model can be helpful to describe, interrogate, evaluate, and improve existing care practices. It has four entries: (i) the care receiver considered from their humanness, (ii) the caregiver considered from their solicitude, (iii) the care facility considered from its habitability and (iv) the societal, institutional and scholarly context considered from the perspective of the good life, justice and decency. The crux is enabling all these different entries with all their different aspects to be taken into account. In Corona times this turns out to be more crucial than ever.

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Elabbasy, Einas. "The Impact of External Personnel Marketing Strategy on Brand Awareness of Customers." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2021010103.

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This research analyzes the impact of external personnel marketing strategy using 7ps on brand awareness of students in the technological universities in Egypt. Two questionnaires were prepared and distributed. The research was applied on 254 faculty members of the whole technological universities in Egypt (Cairo, Quesna, and Beni Suef) and 280 students of these universities. The results indicated that there is a positive significant effect of external personnel marketing strategy using 7Ps (individually and collectively) on brand awareness. The study proposed a number of recommendations.

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Mishra, Sasmita, Damodar Suar, and Douglas Paton. "Is Externality a Mediator of Experience–Behaviour and Information–Action Hypothesis in Disaster Preparedness?" Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.3.1.11.

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AbstractThis study examines whether disaster experience and awareness, mediated by external locus of control, influence disaster preparedness behavior. Data were collected from 300 people in flood-prone and a further 300 in heat-wave affected areas in Orissa (a state situated in south-eastern part of India). Results reveal that prior experience of hazard events and knowledge of protective actions significantly facilitates flood and heat-wave preparedness. However, locus of control mediates this relationship. Disaster experienced and aware people characterised by having an external control were less prepared. External control partially mediates between experience–behaviour and information–action link. These findings suggest that the effects of personal experience and awareness on self-protective behaviour are weakened by external attribution.

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Demertzi, Athena, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Quentin Noirhomme, Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville, and Steven Laureys. "Hypnosis modulates behavioural measures and subjective ratings about external and internal awareness." Journal of Physiology-Paris 109, no. 4-6 (December 2015): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2015.11.002.

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Quine, Susan, John A. Stephenson, Petra Macaskill, and John P. Pierce. "A role for drug awareness and prevention programs external to the school?" Health Education Research 7, no. 2 (1992): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/7.2.259.

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Malcolm, Judith, and Sik Hung Ng. "Relationship of Self-Awareness to Cheating on an External Standard of Competence." Journal of Social Psychology 129, no. 3 (June 1, 1989): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1989.9712055.

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Newton, Olivia B., Stephen M. Fiore, and Joseph J. LaViola. "An External Cognition Framework for Visualizing Uncertainty in Support of Situation Awareness." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601782.

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This paper discusses an approach for the development of visualizations intended to support cognitive processes deemed fundamental in the maintenance of Situation Awareness under conditions of uncertainty. We integrate ideas on external cognition from the cognitive sciences with methods for interactive visualization to help cognitive engineering examine how visualizations, and interacting with them, alter cognitive processing and decision-making. From this, we illustrate how designers and researchers can study principled variations in visualizations of uncertainty drawing from extended and enactive cognition theory.

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Keenan, G. S., P. J. Rogers, and J. M. Brunstrom. "Measuring interoceptive awareness in external eaters: a test of Schachter's ‘externality’ theory." Appetite 101 (June 2016): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.116.

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Lunghi, Claudia, Luca Lo Verde, and David Alais. "Touch Accelerates Visual Awareness." i-Perception 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 204166951668698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669516686986.

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To efficiently interact with the external environment, our nervous system combines information arising from different sensory modalities. Recent evidence suggests that cross-modal interactions can be automatic and even unconscious, reflecting the ecological relevance of cross-modal processing. Here, we use continuous flash suppression (CFS) to directly investigate whether haptic signals can interact with visual signals outside of visual awareness. We measured suppression durations of visual gratings rendered invisible by CFS either during visual stimulation alone or during visuo-haptic stimulation. We found that active exploration of a haptic grating congruent in orientation with the suppressed visual grating reduced suppression durations both compared with visual-only stimulation and to incongruent visuo-haptic stimulation. We also found that the facilitatory effect of touch on visual suppression disappeared when the visual and haptic gratings were mismatched in either spatial frequency or orientation. Together, these results demonstrate that congruent touch can accelerate the rise to consciousness of a suppressed visual stimulus and that this unconscious cross-modal interaction depends on visuo-haptic congruency. Furthermore, since CFS suppression is thought to occur early in visual cortical processing, our data reinforce the evidence suggesting that visuo-haptic interactions can occur at the earliest stages of cortical processing.

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Sawada, Yasuji. "The Aspects, the Origin, and the Merit of Aware Computing." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/760908.

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In this paper we tried to understand scientifically the awareness, a daily word. Some aspects of awareness, such as qualitative or quantitative, the targets of awareness, either the external world or the internal world, were discussed. Suggestion on the human awareness was described from the experimental results of visual hand tracking. The origin and the merit of awareness in the process of evolution of animals were discussed. Finally some characters of possible aware computers and aware robots were studied.

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Morris, S., T. Martin, D. Mccahon, and S. Bennett. "Awareness and attitudes towards external auditory canal exostosis and its preventability in surfers in the UK: cross-sectional study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 7 (June 6, 2016): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116008082.

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AbstractObjectives:To determine the proportion of UK surfers aware of external auditory canal exostosis, to identify surfer characteristics associated with knowledge of the condition and to explore attitudes to earplug use.Method:An online, cross-sectional survey of UK-based surfers.Results:Of 375 surfers, 86.1 per cent (n = 323; 95 per cent confidence interval = 82.3–89.3) reported awareness of external auditory canal exostosis. Further investigation revealed that, despite their awareness of the condition, 23.4 per cent of these surfers (88 out of 323; 95 per cent confidence interval = 19.5–28.0) had little or no knowledge about external auditory canal exostosis. Predictors of knowledge included: distance from nearest surfing beach (p = 0.001), surfing standard (ability) (p = 0.008), earplug use (p = 0.024) and positive external auditory canal exostosis diagnosis (p = 0.009).Conclusion:The findings suggest that a significant minority of UK surfers have no knowledge about this condition. Knowledge of external auditory canal exostosis was significantly associated with earplug use when surfing. Efforts to improve surfers’ knowledge are required to enable surfers to better protect themselves, which could reduce the incidence of external auditory canal exostosis.

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Thibaut, A., M. Bruno, C. Chatelle, O. Gosseries, A. Vanhaudenhuyse, A. Demertzi, C. Schnakers, et al. "Metabolic activity in external and internal awareness networks in severely brain-damaged patients." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 44, no. 6 (2012): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0940.

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Lee, Jae Hyuk, Dong Eun Lee, Hyun Wook Ryoo, Sungbae Moon, Jae Wan Cho, Yun Jeong Kim, Jong Kun Kim, et al. "Public awareness and willingness to use automated external defibrillators in a metropolitan city." Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15441/ceem.20.053.

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Krzyszkowska, Ewelina, and Bartosz Wanot. "First aid awareness in the society." HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1582.

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Introduction: Every member of the society should possess first aid skills and knowledge thereof. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine public awareness of first aid, sudden cardiac arrest and the Automated External Defibrillator. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using an anonymous and voluntary on-line survey. The study population comprised of 250 subjects. The results were analysed using the t-Student test, F Test and Chi2 test. Results: The analysis of the study results showed that 164 respondents, who gave 9 to 11 correct answers, had a good level of knowledge. 80 respondents had the average level of knowledge, as shown by 6 to 8 correct answers. 6 respondents had insufficient level of knowledge, as they gave less than 6 correct answers to questions included in the survey. Conclusions: The principles and techniques on first aid are known to the public, as indicated by the fact that more than half of the respondents have a good level of knowledge.

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Susiati, Asriani. "ANTECEDENTS DARI BRAND EQUITY PADA HOTEL SANTIKA DI BSD TANGERANG." Jurnal Manajemen dan Pemasaran Jasa 6 (February 12, 2013): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v6i0.514.

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This study refers to previous studies, by kevin kam Fung So and Ceridwyn King (2009). The background of this research was to prove the management approaches that brand equity as the key assets for hotel industries and provide brand manger hotel to evaluate brand equity as an outcome brand strategies. The objectives of this research was : (a) the positive effect of company’s presented brand to brand awareness, (b) the positive effect of company’s presented brand to brand meaning, (c) the positive effect of external brand communications to brand awarenessm, (d) the positive effect of external brand communications to brand meaning, (e) the positive effect of customer experience with company to brand meaning, (f) the positive effect of brand awareness to brand equity, (g) the positive effect of brand meaning to brand equity. The design of this research applies a survey toward unit of analysis on the hotel and to interview the customers for testing hypothesis. Meanwhile the required data consist of six variables; company presented brand, external brand communications, customer experience with company, brand awareness, brand meaning, and brand equity. The aggregate numbers of customer being respondent of the study are 150. Data analysis used in this research was consists of Structural Equation Method by LISRELL 8.7 as software. The result of this research conclude that variable of company’s presented brand had effect to brand awareness, company’s presented brand had effect to brand meaning, external brand communications had effect to brand awareness, external brand communications had effect to brand meaning, customer experience with company had effect to brand meaning, brand mening had effect to brand equity, and brand awareness had effect to brand equity. Keywords : Brand equity, Hotels, Brand Awareness, Customer satisfaction

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Llinás, Rodolfo R., and Sisir Roy. "The ‘prediction imperative’ as the basis for self-awareness." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1521 (May 12, 2009): 1301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0309.

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Here, we propose that global brain function is geared towards the implementation of intelligent motricity. Motricity is the only possible external manifestation of nervous system function (other than endocrine and exocrine secretion and the control of vascular tone). The intelligence component of motricity requires, for its successful wheeling, a prediction imperative to approximate the consequences of the impending motion. We address how such predictive function may originate from the dynamic properties of neuronal networks.

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Cao, Hongjun, and Zewen Chen. "The driving effect of internal and external environment on green innovation strategy-The moderating role of top management’s environmental awareness." Nankai Business Review International 10, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 342–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-05-2018-0028.

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Purpose Green innovation strategy is not only a new idea to achieve green development but also the inevitable choice for enterprises to upgrade. At present, the research on the driving forces of green innovation strategy mainly focus on direct impact of single factor, lacking the overall consideration of internal and external environment. At the same time, research on the contingency effect of top management’s environmental awareness is scarce. This paper aims to explore how external environment pressures (policy pressures and market pressures) and internal environment driving force (innovation resources and innovation capability) make enterprises to choose green innovation strategy with moderating effect of top management’s environmental awareness. Design/methodology/approach Based on the sample of 216 enterprises, this paper explores the relationship between policy pressure, market pressure, innovation resources, innovation capability and the green innovation strategy with moderating effect of top management’s environmental awareness from inside and outside driving angle. Findings The results of the hierarchical regression model show, first, the driving effect of factors in the external environment. The coercive policy has an inverted U-shaped impact on the green innovation strategy. The incentive policy and the market pressure both have a significant positive impact on the green innovation strategy. Second, the driving effect of factors in the internal environment. The innovation capability has a significant positive impact on the green innovation strategy. The innovation resources have no significant impact on the green innovation strategy. Third, the moderating effect of top management’s environmental awareness. The relationship between the green innovation strategy and the coercive policy is stronger when the top management’s environmental awareness higher. The relationship between the green innovation strategy and the market pressure is stronger when the top management’s environmental awareness higher. The relationship between the green innovation strategy and the innovation resources is stronger when the top management’s environmental awareness higher. Otherwise, the relationship between the green innovation strategy and the innovation capability is weaker when the top management’s environmental awareness higher. And there is no significant change about the relationship between the green innovation strategy and the incentive policy when the top management’s environmental awareness higher. Originality/value First, the authors have promoted the integrated research on the drivers of the enterprise’s green innovation strategy. From the perspective of internal and external environment driving forces, this paper analyzes the key factors influencing the decision-making of the green innovation strategy. Second, the study has contributed to the strategic choice theory. This paper studies the driving mechanism of the green innovation strategy from a new perspective of the strategic choice theory.

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Downey, Erin L., Knox Andress, and Carl H. Schultz. "External Factors Impacting Hospital Evacuations Caused by Hurricane Rita: The Role of Situational Awareness." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 3 (March 14, 2013): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13000125.

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AbstractIntroductionThe 2005 Gulf Coast hurricane season was one of the most costly and deadly in US history. Hurricane Rita stressed hospitals and led to multiple, simultaneous evacuations. This study systematically identified community factors associated with patient movement out of seven hospitals evacuated during Hurricane Rita.MethodsThis study represents the second of two systematic, observational, and retrospective investigations of seven acute care hospitals that reported off-site evacuations due to Hurricane Rita. Participants from each hospital included decision makers that comprised the Incident Management Team (IMT). Investigators applied a standardized interview process designed to assess evacuation factors related to external situational awareness of community activities during facility evacuation due to hurricanes. The measured outcomes were responses to 95 questions within six sections of the survey instrument.ResultsInvestigators identified two factors that significantly impacted hospital IMT decision making: (1) incident characteristics affecting a facility's internal resources and challenges; and (2) incident characteristics affecting a facility's external evacuation activities. This article summarizes the latter and reports the following critical decision making points: (1) Emergency Operations Plans (EOP) were activated an average of 85 hours (3 days, 13 hours) prior to Hurricane Rita's landfall; (2) the decision to evacuate the hospital was made an average of 30 hours (1 day, 6 hours) from activation of the EOP; and (3) the implementation of the evacuation process took an average of 22 hours. Coordination of patient evacuations was most complicated by transportation deficits (the most significant of the 11 identified problem areas) and a lack of situational awareness of community response activities. All evacuation activities and subsequent evacuation times were negatively impacted by an overall lack of understanding on the part of hospital staff and the IMT regarding how to identify and coordinate with community resources.ConclusionHospital evacuation requires coordinated processes and resources, including situational awareness that reflects the condition of the community as a result of the incident. Successful hospital evacuation decision making is influenced by community-wide situational awareness and transportation deficits. Planning with the community to create realistic EOPs that accurately reflect available resources and protocols is critical to informing hospital decision making during a crisis. Knowledge of these factors could improve decision making and evacuation practices, potentially reducing evacuation times in future hurricanes.DowneyEL, AndressK, SchultzCH. External factors impacting hospital evacuations caused by Hurricane Rita: the role of situational awareness. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-8.

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Martinez, R. D. "Reinforcing To Failure." Academic Therapy 20, no. 3 (January 1985): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105345128502000311.

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Sugiura, Takeshi. "The effects of self-awareness on the internal and external viewpoint for self-imagery." Japanese journal of psychology 66, no. 6 (1996): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.66.418.

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Wiebking, Christine, Niall W. Duncan, Pengmin Qin, Dave J. Hayes, Oliver Lyttelton, Paul Gravel, Jeroen Verhaeghe, et al. "External awareness and GABA-A multimodal imaging study combining fMRI and [18F]flumazenil-PET." Human Brain Mapping 35, no. 1 (September 21, 2012): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22166.

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Misztal-Okońska, Patrycja, Mariusz Goniewicz, Magdalena Młynarska, Wojciech Krawczyk, and Monika Butryn. "Public awareness about the use of automatic external defibrillator (AED) in giving first aid." Polish Journal of Public Health 127, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2017-0022.

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Abstract Introduction. Chances for survival of a patient who has suffered from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) depend on a number of factors. One of the most important however, is the time within which the patient is provided with actions to restore normal heart function. In the Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015, The European Resuscitation Council states that defibrillation done within 3-5 minutes since a patient with SCA lost his/her consciousness can increase the survival rate up to 50-70%. However, such a short time of providing help is only achievable through the implementation of universal defibrillation programs and the automatic external defibrillator (AED) devices densely distributed in public places. By contrast, every minute of delay in defibrillation reduces the probability of survival by approximately 10-12% until the hospital discharge. Aim. The purpose of the research was to elicit the opinions of adult respondents on first aid and the use of automatic external defibrillator (AED). Material and methods. The research method used in this paper was a diagnostic survey, the technique was a web-based questionnaire, and a research tool was the authors’ own questionnaire survey. The survey was active between April 8, 2016 and May 20, 2016. During this time, 116 opinions were collected. Results. As many as 77% of respondents declared that they had attended a first aid course, but 21% of them stated that they no longer remembered the knowledge acquired. The number of 63% of respondents did not know what an automatic external defibrillator is. Only 27% of respondents knew that AEDs are public devices, and only 47% believed that using an AED would not worsen the health of the victim. Conclusions. The availability of AEDs and knowledge of their use are insufficient. Low social awareness and irrational fear of using an AED (fear of deterioration of the victim’s health) support the need for continuing education in this area.

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ATHERTON, ANDREW, and PAUL HANNON. "STRATEGIC AWARENESS AND THE PROCESS OF INNOVATION." Journal of Enterprising Culture 05, no. 02 (June 1997): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495897000120.

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Inherent to enterprising behaviour is the exercise of strategic awareness, a process of understanding and learning from the environment in which the entrepreneur and the small business operate. This paper notes that a growing recognition of high levels of change and uncertainty in the environment infers a need to increase small business understanding of what is changing and why. Strategic awareness is an individual and organisational capability, tailored to contextual needs and contingencies, that describes processes for identifying, understanding, interpreting and acting on events and influences. It also contributes to the process of innovation. Research in the UK, and later in Western Australia, identified a customer needs-focused and outwardly-directed approach to innovation that relies on understanding the external environment. This paper concludes by stressing the relationship between strategic awareness and innovation, and suggests that the nature of these processes demands a rethink in how we support and research small businesses and entrepreneurs.

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Nine, Julkar. "Towards Robust Situation Awareness in Autonomous Vehicles." Embedded Selforganising Systems 7, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/ess.v7i2.438.

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Automotive Industry is having a rapid progress towards highest level of autonomy. As the industry moves up the ladder of automation, safety features are coming more and more into the focus. Different safety measurements have to be taken into consideration based on different driving situations. One of the major concerns of the highest level of autonomy is to obtain the ability of understanding both internal and external situations. In order to automate this process, first, understanding and automating the situation identification is necessary. Systems will also have to have embedded intelligence of awareness in order to reach to these situations. Situation Awareness is a term that consists of extracting information from the environment, providing an understanding towards the extracted features and taking actions in order to make awareness. This journal focuses on the different levels of situation awareness, provides concepts in order to automate the process so that it can play a vital role towards highly autonomous vehciles.

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Rodis, Panteleimon. "On defining and modeling context-awareness." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 14, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-d-18-00003.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a methodology for defining and modeling context-awareness and describing efficiently the interactions between systems, applications and their context. Also, the relation of modern context-aware systems with distributed computation is investigated. Design/methodology/approach On this purpose, definitions of context and context-awareness are developed based on the theory of computation and especially on a computational model for interactive computation which extends the classical Turing Machine model. The computational model proposed here encloses interaction and networking capabilities for computational machines. Findings The definition of context presented here develops a mathematical framework for working with context. Also, the modeling approach of distributed computing enables us to build robust, scalable and detailed models for systems and application with context-aware capabilities. Also, it enables us to map the procedures that support context-aware operations providing detailed descriptions about the interactions of applications with their context and other external sources. Practical implications A case study of a cloud-based context-aware application is examined using the modeling methodology described in the paper so as to demonstrate the practical usage of the theoretical framework that is presented. Originality/value The originality on the framework presented here relies on the connection of context-awareness with the theory of computation and distributed computing.

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KODA, KEIKO. "Cross-linguistic variations in L2 morphological awareness." Applied Psycholinguistics 21, no. 3 (September 2000): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400003015.

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This study investigated the effects of L1 processing experience on L2 morphological awareness. Preliminary cross-linguistic comparisons indicated that morphological awareness in two typologically distinct languages, Chinese and English, differs in several major ways. Based on the comparisons, three specific hypotheses were formulated: compared with learners with a typologically similar L1 background, Chinese learners of English as an L2 would be less sensitive to intraword structural salience, less efficient in structural analysis, and more adept at integrating word-internal (morphological) and word-external (context) information. These hypotheses were tested empirically with two groups of adult L2 learners of English with contrasting L1 backgrounds (Chinese and Korean). The data demonstrated that virtually no difference existed between the two ESL groups in their intraword structural sensitivity, and that, although Chinese learners were notably slower than Korean learners in performing intraword structural analysis, they were far more efficient in integrating morphological and contextual information during sentence processing. Viewed collectively, these findings seem to suggest that L1 processing experience influences the development of L2 morphological awareness in specific and predictable ways.

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Kübel, Sebastian L., and Marc Wittmann. "A German Validation of Four Questionnaires Crucial to the Study of Time Perception: BPS, CFC-14, SAQ, and MQT." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 8477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228477.

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We aimed to validate four established questionnaires related to time perception in German (Consideration of Future Consequences-14 scale (CFC-14), Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS), Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT), and Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ)) using a back-translation method. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data of 273 German-speaking participants to evaluate the factorial structures. Internal consistencies indicated good reliability values of the questionnaires and the respective subscales, except for the MQT. Intercorrelations between the questionnaires were examined to test their external validities and gain additional insight into the associations among the constructs. The consideration of future consequences was negatively linked to boredom proneness, whereas interoceptive awareness of one’s bodily sensations was positively associated with boredom proneness. Additionally, interoceptive awareness was linked to metacognitive beliefs about which factors influence time perception. The results are discussed in regard to human time perception. Conclusion: The validated German questionnaires can now be used in research projects. Initial observations on how the questionnaires are related to each other fit the current knowledge on how human time perception works, yielding the first evidence for the external validity of the German versions of these established questionnaires. For evidence of criterion validity, future studies should more thoroughly investigate the external validities analyzing the correlations with other validated measures.

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Pitt, Martyn. "External Influences on the Enterprising Identity." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 5, no. 1 (February 2004): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000004772913773.

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Engineering firms both large and small have contributed greatly to the UK economy in times past, but its engineering industry has declined markedly in recent times. This article describes a study of engineering SMEs to explore the nature of the current ‘enterprising identity’ associated with these firms. It focuses particularly on the factors external to the firms that may have shaped or influenced this identity (or identities). Factors could include an awareness of historical context and the trajectory of industry development; entrepreneurial discourse and ideology; technological and professional influences; and subcultural influences such as locality, ethnicity and family. Rather than rely on members' opinions and perceptions about the influences on enterprise identity, analysis of facts and statements about its business profile and tangible achievements have been used to produce a more detached assessment. The study finds that technical influences are generally more significant than, for example, entrepreneurial discourse and drive. There is also a rather British dimension to the identity of these firms, even though the engineering industry has become increasingly global in its reach. Strategy and policy questions that merit further research are identified.

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Nagy, Gábor. "Indicators and main motivations of environmental awareness in the enterprises of the Hungarian processing industry." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 52 (March 20, 2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/52/2112.

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This paper focuses on the corporate environmental performance and its motivating factors. The background of the study is a questionnaire survey covers 82 Hungarian manufacturing companies. The identification of the environmental performance based on the study of György Pataki and László Radácsi who create a group of environmental indicators. The motivating factors are several stakeholders of the companies who have affect on an organization's environmental actions. These motivations can be divided into internal and external factors. According to the questionnaire survey the combination of internal and external factors seems to the most important to the better environmental performance.

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Alwishah, Ahmed. "AVICENNA ON ANIMAL SELF-AWARENESS, COGNITION AND IDENTITY." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 26, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423915000120.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive and systematic study of Avicenna's account of animal self-awareness and cognition. In the first part, I explain how, for Avicenna, in contrast to human self-awareness, animal self-awareness is taken to be indirect, mixed-up (makhlūṭ), and an intermittent awareness. In his view, animal self-awareness is provided by the faculty of estimation (wahm); hence, in the second part, I explore the cognitive role of the faculty of estimation in animals, and how that relates to self-awareness. The faculty of estimation, according to Avicenna, serves to distinguish one's body and its parts from external objects, and plays a role in connecting the self to its perceptual activities. It follows that animal self-awareness, unlike human self-awareness, is essentially connected to the body. In the third part of the paper, I show that, while Avicenna denies animals awareness of their self-awareness, he explicitly affirms that animals can grasp their individual identity, but, unlike humans, do so incidentally, as part of their perceptual awareness.

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Vincent, Ann, Jamia Hill, Kelly M. Kruk, Stephen S. Cha, and Brent A. Bauer. "External Qigong for Chronic Pain." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 38, no. 04 (January 2010): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x10008160.

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External qigong as a pharmacotherapy adjunct was investigated in 50 subjects with chronic pain (pain lasting > 3 months with pain score of ≥ 3 on 0–10 numeric analog scale) who presented to a qigong healing center. Participants were randomized to receive either external qigong treatment (EQT) or equivalent attention time (EAT) in weekly 30-min sessions for four consecutive weeks. Outcomes were assessed before and after sessions. The primary outcome measure was intensity of pain by a 10-cm visual analog scale used to rate all pain severity measurements. At 8-week follow-up, participants were contacted by telephone and mailed a questionnaire. Most had experienced pain for > 5 years (66%); the rest, for > 3 to 5 years (8%), 1 to 3 years (10%), or < 1 year but > 3 months (10%). The most frequent concomitant diagnoses were multifactorial (26%), osteoarthritis (18%), and low back pain (12%). Most patients were also receiving other treatments (74%); none previously had EQT. Participants were randomly assigned to EQT ( n = 26) or EAT ( n = 24). These groups had no significant differences at baseline except for prior awareness of qigong (EQT 31% vs. EAT 63%; p = 0.025). Compared to the EAT group, EQT participants had a significant decrease in pain intensity in the 2nd ( p = 0.003), 3rd ( p < 0.001), and 4th weeks of treatment ( p = 0.003). At week 8, these differences in overall decreased pain intensity persisted but were not statistically significant.

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Knobloch, Katherine R., Michael L. Barthel, and John Gastil. "Emanating Effects: The Impact of the Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Review on Voters’ Political Efficacy." Political Studies 68, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719852254.

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Deliberative processes can alter participants’ attitudes and behavior, but deliberative minipublics connected to macro-level discourse may also influence the attitudes of non-participants. We theorize that changes in political efficacy occur when non-participants become aware of a minipublic and utilize its deliberative outputs in their decision making during an election. Statewide survey data on the 2010 and 2012 Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Reviews tested the link between awareness and use of the Citizens’ Initiative Review Statements and statewide changes in internal and external political efficacy. Results from a longitudinal 2010 panel survey show that awareness of the Citizens’ Initiative Reviews increases respondents’ external efficacy, whereas use of the Citizens’ Initiative Review Statements on ballot measures increases respondents’ internal efficacy. A cross-sectional 2012 survey found the same associations. Moreover, the 2010 survey showed that greater exposure to—and confidence in—deliberative outputs was associated with higher levels of both internal and external efficacy.

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Roidisom, Shamit, Hanny Hafiar, and Evi Novianti. "Upaya Pembentukan Brand Awareness di Dalam Negeri oleh Triple S." Widya Duta: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Agama dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya 13, no. 1 (May 10, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/wd.v13i1.435.

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PT Triple S is known as sport kit factory in Indonesia, and specialist of soccer ball. PT Triple S has a good product, however the brand itself acknowledged internationally better than domestically. Brand awareness is built through marketing communication. Therefore, this case study inquiry is trying to identify the technique of creating brand awareness with marketing communication strategy by PT Sinjaraga Santika Sport (Triple S) in Indonesia. The goal of this research is to have knowledge of creating brand awareness technique using marketing communication by PT Sinjaraga Santika Sport (Triple S). This study is utilizing qualitative approach, constructivism paradigm and case study as form of study. The Subject were people who is implicated by brand awareness strategy of PT Triple S, for instance employees and customer of PT Triple S.The results of this research gave out that marketing communication is being done by PT Triple S in order to create brand awareness in Indonesia. But, the inhibition both internal obstacle (from the company itself) for example uncertainty of human resources’s skill on executing marketing communication strategy and external obstacle (Indonesian consumer stereotype that think import products are better than local product) has created the fact that brand of Triple S is acknowledged better internationally than domestically. As for the closure of this research: marketing communication strategies that successfully creates brand awareness internationally are their ball officially certified by FIFA, they also had an agreement and entered World Cup 1998. Meaanwhile marketing communication is also being donein Indonesia but the obstacles both internal and external has caused a misfortune for PT Triple S in order to create brand awareness domestically.

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Journal articles on the topic 'External awareness'

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