Journal articles on the topic 'External Argentina'
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1
Simões, Joanna. "Arbitration as a Method of Settling Disputes Arising under Sovereign Bonds." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 9, Issue 33 (March 1, 2012): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2012001.
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ABSTRACT: In December 2001 Argentina defaulted by publicly announcing the deferral of over US$100 billion of external bond debt owed to both non-Argentine and Argentine creditors. In September 2006, a group of 195,000 Italian creditors that rejected Argentina's exchange offer submitted a request for ICSID arbitration relying not in the bond contract, but in a Bilateral Investment Treaty ("BIT") between Argentina and Italy. More than ever before, in this moment of anxiety of a Greek sovereign default, the outcome of this decision can drastically change the dynamics of sovereign debt restructurings and of the investment arbitration regime. Thus, in light of these recent facts, this article shall assess whether ICSID tribunals should have jurisdiction to settle disputes arising under sovereign bonds by making a dual examination of the term "investment" in the ICSID Convention. And more importantly, notwithstanding the positive jurisdiction and admissibility decision rendered by the ICSID Tribunal in the present case, it is analysed whether tribunals should be competent to settle disputes related to a financial crisis.
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Taylor, Alan M. "External Dependence, Demographic Burdens, and Argentine Economic Decline After the Belle Époque." Journal of Economic History 52, no. 4 (December 1992): 907–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700011955.
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Once one of the richest countries in the world, Argentina has been in relative economic decline for most of the twentieth century. The quantitative records of income growth and accumulation date the onset of the retardation to around the time of the Great War, and patterns of aggregate saving and foreign borrowing show that scarcity of investable resources significantly frustrated interwar development. A demographic model of national saving demonstrates that the burdens of rapid population growth and substantial immigration depressed Argentine saving, contributing significantly to the demise of the Belle Époque following the wartime collapse of international financial markets.
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Wainer, Andrés, and Paula Belloni. "Balance-of-Payments Constraints as the Key to Dependency: The Case of Argentina." Latin American Perspectives 49, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x211069556.
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Considering the constraints to growth derived from the balance of payments and the external sector as the area in which the dependency of Latin American countries is most clearly expressed, application of the contributions of dependency theorists concerning external restrictions to growth in Argentina shows that the fate of surplus value in this economy is a key factor in the explanation of its dependent nature. Considerando las restricciones al crecimiento derivadas del balance de pagos y el sector externo como el ámbito donde se expresa más nítidamente la relación de dependencia, la aplicación de los aportes de la teoría de la dependencia referentes al problema de la restricción externa al crecimiento en la Argentina muestra que el destino que se le da al plusvalor en esta economía es un elemento clave para explicar su situación de dependencia.
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Libman, Emiliano, and Gabriel Palazzo. "Inflation targeting, disinflation, and debt traps in Argentina." European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention 17, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 78–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2019.00050.
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This paper highlights the role of external indebtedness and the presence of inflationary inertia in order to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of inflation targeting during disinflation episodes. As the recent Argentinian experience illustrates, a sluggish inflation rate and a significant current-account deficit may make the stabilization process difficult. To illustrate the point, we build a model that shows that, when inflation adjusts fast, the target may be achieved without building too much external debt. But if inflation adjusts slowly, an excessive build-up of external debt could lead to an increase in the risk premium, a sudden shortage of foreign exchange, and the eventual collapse of the inflation-targeting regime.
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Libman, Emiliano, and Gabriel Palazzo. "Inflation targeting, disinflation, and debt traps in Argentina." European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention 17, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 78–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2019.0050.
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This paper highlights the role of external indebtedness and the presence of inflationary inertia in order to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of inflation targeting during disinflation episodes. As the recent Argentinian experience illustrates, a sluggish inflation rate and a significant current-account deficit may make the stabilization process difficult. To illustrate the point, we build a model that shows that, when inflation adjusts fast, the target may be achieved without building too much external debt. But if inflation adjusts slowly, an excessive build-up of external debt could lead to an increase in the risk premium, a sudden shortage of foreign exchange, and the eventual collapse of the inflation-targeting regime.
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Yakovlev, P. "Import Substitution in Argentina: Aims and Results." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-20-25.
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Import substitution policy replaced the model of export-oriented agricultural economy that existed in Argentina during the period of 1870–1929. Its mechanism was relatively simple: agricultural products, for which the country had optimal natural conditions, were exported to the external markets, while wide range of industrial products, machinery and equipment were imported. Exports generated substantial revenues (providing a lion's share of state income), and the imports quite satisfied domestic demand for capital and consumer goods. The history of import substitution policy in Argentina can be divided into two stages. At the first stage (1930–1952), the government created its basic tools with a stress on development of labor-intensive light industries whose products were intended to meet domestic consumer demand. During the second phase (1953–1976), Argentine political establishment, not satisfied with the results achieved in the previous period, initiated the policy of “super industrialization”, namely, the creation or expansion of basic capital-intensive industries: metallurgy, machinery, chemicals and petrochemicals, energy. In these years domestic production of machinery and equipment for agriculture and light industry, durables, pharmaceuticals increased dramatically, the national military-industrial complex, scientific and technical sectors were created. In other words, Argentine’s policy of import substitution created a new frame of economic relations. It brought both positive and negative results which fully showed up in mid 70s. Since then, the crisis of import substitution policy became especially evident amidst the world process of globalization and dynamic formation of worldwide value-added chains. Argentina found itself largely isolated from these trends and came into clinch with the changing external conditions. So, under the rumbling populist and nationalist rhetoric it proceeded into the prolonged recession.
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Román, José Antonio Sánchez. "Economic Elites, Regional Cleavages, and the First Attempts at Introducing the Income Tax in Argentina." Hispanic American Historical Review 89, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-084.
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Abstract This article analyzes Minister Víctor Molina’s 1924 income tax proposal, one of the first attempts to introduce this tax in Argentina, and explores the reasons for its failure. Argentine governments did not show a permanent commitment to fiscal reform during the 1920’s, mainly because the economic situation was not dire and the Treasury was able to finance its deficits through foreign debts due to the good performance of Argentine external sector. Nonetheless, Molina’s proposal was passed by the Chamber of Deputies and therefore it could have been the first income tax law in the country. Public opinion, intellectuals, and economists seemed to be persuaded that income tax was the solution to Argentine fiscal problems. Moreover, some key social sectors like rural or industrial entrepreneurs, without enthusiastically supporting the income tax, were disposed to tolerate it. In this article, I argue that we need a political interpretation of the failure of tax reform during 1920s. Molina’s draft was blocked in the Senate by the majority of the representatives of the interior provinces. In fact, income tax was considered to be a threat to the less affluent provinces of Argentina because it implied a step toward tax centralization and unification. Yet the economic weakness of the interior did not imply political weakness, and the interior provinces were the main obstacle to fiscal reform in Argentina until the 1930s.
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Hoare, R. D., and Nora Sabattini. "Lower Permian Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from Argentina." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 2 (March 2000): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000031413.
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Several polyplacophoran plates are preserved as external molds in the Lower Permian Rio Genoa Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina. These are the first reported Permian polyplacophorans from South America. The new genus and species Asketochiton chubutensis is described based on this material.
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GALVANI, GUILLERMINA, EXEQUIEL GONZÁLEZ, EDUARDO SANABRIA, and LORENA QUIROGA. "The tadpole of Pleurodema nebulosum Burmeister (Anura: Leiuperidae)." Zootaxa 3450, no. 1 (September 4, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3450.1.3.
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The genus Pleurodema Tschudi currently contains fourteen species, ten of them occurring in Argentina (Faivovich et al. 2012). However, Pleurodema nebulosum presents a wide altitudinal and latitudinal geographic range and is only distributed in arid areas of western Argentina, from Catamarca to Río Negro province (Ferraro & Casagranda 2009, Frost 2011). The external morphology was described for the tadpoles of most species of Pleurodema, but the external larval morphology of P. nebulosum was only briefly described by Fernández (1927) and Cei (1980). The aim of this work is to provide a detailed redescription of the external larval features of Pleurodema nebulosum.
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Paola, Analía, Laura Armendáriz, and Alberto Rodrigues-Capítulo. "External ultrastructure of Manayunkia speciosa (Fabriciidae) from Uruguay River, Argentina." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84, no. 2 (June 2013): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7550/rmb.31908.
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Mamenova, K. M. "FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF ARGENTINA." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 5(74) (June 14, 2020): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.1.74.733.
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For Argentina, the export has become the reliance in Economy and International Relationships. Tackling the index of globalisation, called KOF1, Argentina is rated as 66, 51. The ratio, which demonstrates the development of economically-globalised relationships between the state and overseas countries, is sufficiently high. Therefore, considering the evolution of relationships with multiply world markets is fundamental as a method of qualification for bilateral relations and regional links. Argentina has external economic relations with numerous states. The article studies the issues of substantive trade tendencies of Argentina international contacts.
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Boris, Dieter. "Argentinien 2001: Von der langandauernden Rezession zur Währungs- und Finanzkrise." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 31, no. 124 (September 1, 2001): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v31i124.739.
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After the introduction of the currency board system (1991) and the realization of far reaching “neoliberal reforms” the Argentine economy seemed to have overcome parts of its traditional weakness and achieve high rates of growth. However, the long-lasting recession - in effect since August 1998 - revealed ongoing disproportions and defects of Argentine capitalism and accentuated them even more: the increased dependency on external capital inflows, weak industrial competitiveness caused by institutional, infrastructural and societal deficiencies as well as the - by now contraprodutive - fixation of the Peso to the US-Dollar. A ll of this leads to Argentina being less an less able to overcome the present crisis on her own.
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Espósito Neto, Tomaz. "A “Diplomacia das Armas”: Um Olhar Realista Sobre a Política Externa Argentina do Período Militar (de 1976 a 1983) l “Diplomacy Of Arms”: A Realistic Look at Argentine Foreign Policy During The Military Period (From 1976 To 1983)." Revista Neiba, Cadernos Argentina Brasil 10, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): e53671. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/neiba.2021.53671.
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Em agosto de 1976 um golpe militar derrubou Isabel Perón e instalou um dos regimes militares mais violentos da América do Sul (1976-1983). A política internacional do Estado argentino sofreu alterações relevantes, tais como o alinhamento com o “Mundo Ocidental Cristão”, o qual era capitaneado pelos Estados Unidos. Em poucos anos, a Argentina se tornou um “pivot” de diversos momentos de tensão e de conflito no Cone Sul, como o litígio de Itaipu-Corpus, o conflito argentino-chileno pelo controle do canal de Beagle e a Guerra das Malvinas/Falklands (1982). Como resultado dessa estratégia, o país se isolou profundamente do restante da sociedade internacional. O presente texto apresenta os eixos das relações exteriores argentinas entre 1976 e 1983, com ênfase nas tensões entre a Argentina e os países contíguos, com objetivo de analisar criticamente a atuação internacional da Casa Rosada a partir da ótica do realismo clássico.Palavras-Chave: Argentina; Política externa argentina; História da Argentina. ABSTRACTIn August 1976 a military coup overthrew President Isabel Perón, installing one of the most violent military regimes in South America (1976-1983). When compared to previous Peronist governments, the international policy of the Argentine State has undergone relevant changes, such as an alignment with the Western Christian World. In a few years, Argentina has become a pivot of different moments of tension and conflict in the Southern Cone, such as the dispute over Itaipu-Corpus, the Argentine-Chilean conflict over the Beagle channel and the Malvinas/Falklands War (1982). As a result of this strategy, the country has profoundly isolated itself from the rest of international society. This text presents the axes of Argentine foreign relations between 1976 and 1983, with an emphasis on tensions between Argentina and the contiguous countries, with the aim of critically analyzing the international performance of Casa Rosada from the perspective of classical realism.Keywords: Argentina; Argentine foreign policy; History of Argentina. Recebido em: 12/08/2020 | Aceito em: 10/02/2021.
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Rodnguez-Boetsch, Leopoldo. "Public service privatization and crisis in Argentina." Privredna izgradnja 48, no. 3-4 (2005): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0504097r.
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This article discusses the privatization of public services in Argentina in light of the severe crisis that afflicted the country between 1999 and 2002. An inadequate regulatory framework and the absence of effective regulatory agencies resulted in the exercise of monopolistic power over public service fees. The emergence of a series of external shocks, starting in 1997 with the SE Asia crisis, weakened the country's external accounts. In the context of a strict fixed exchange rate regime-rising public service fees and overseas obligations contracted by the privatized firms placed growing pressure on the balance of payments. Even though privatized firms were not directly responsible for the four-year recession or the balance of payments crisis, their actions contributed to the onset and prolongation of the difficulties faced by Argentina.
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SALVIA, SEBASTÍAN PEDRO. "The boom and crisis of the Convertibility Plan in Argentina." Revista de Economia Política 35, no. 2 (June 2015): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572015v35n02a07.
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This article analyses the relationship between state policies and economy in Argentina 1991-2001. In 1991 the currency board regime named 'convertibility' was implemented, within the framework of important neoliberal reforms introduced by the State. These neoliberal reforms facilitated capitalist restructuring, characterized by a leap in productivity, investment and profits. Likewise, these reforms generated imbalances which, along with the changes in the world market conditions from 1998, led to the deepest crisis in Argentina's history. The inefficiency of state neoliberal policies in managing the crisis, based on fiscal adjustment to guarantee the continuity of external financing, led to an economic depression and a financial crash, sparking a mass rebellion and the end of convertibility.
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Amigot, Susana L., C. R. Gomez, A. G. Luque, and G. Ebner. "Microbiological study of external otitis in Rosario City, Argentina. Mikrobiologische Studie zur Otitis externa in Rosario, Argentinien." Mycoses 46, no. 8 (September 2003): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0507.2003.00902.x.
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Cerro, Ana María, and Osvaldo Meloni. "Crises and Crashes: Argentina 1825-2002." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 31, no. 2 (August 9, 2013): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s021261091300013x.
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ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is twofold. First, it identifies and categorizes the currency crises suffered by Argentina from 1825 to 2002. Second, it looks for regularities in the behaviour of key macroeconomic variables in the neighbourhood of crises by means of graphic analysis, non-parametric and econometric techniques. We found that expansions in public expenditures as well as increases in the debt to GDP ratio and falls in the rate of growth of bank deposits contribute to spur the probability of crisis. Unfavourable external conditions, jointly with domestic imbalances, help to explain very deep crises or crashes.
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Marquina, Mónica, Cristian Pérez Centeno, and Nicolás Reznik. "Institutional Influence of Academics in Argentinean Public Universities in a Context of External Control." Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia 46 (September 8, 2021): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/actpaed.2021.46.4.
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The paper studies the institutional influence of academics in Argentina within a context of increasing external control as a consequence of deep public reforms in the Higher Education system. Drawing on data from the Academic Profession in the Knowledge-Based Society (APIKS) survey, the aim is to analyse how much and in what sense the recent changes on the public policy level and the intermediate level of the state agencies have affected the academic profession in Argentina over teaching, research and social engagement activities, and its effects over the perception of institutional influence. Although we assume that academic power has been reduced within the new scenario, we believe that not all academics have responded in the same manner.
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Santarcángelo, Juan E., and Juan Manuel Padín. "Reshaping the Economic Structure in Argentina: The Role of External Debt during the Macri Administration (2015–2019)." Review of Radical Political Economics 53, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613420976429.
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Argentina’s right-wing shift in the 2015 presidential election concluded twelve years of center-left rule. The elected president, Mauricio Macri, claimed that the economy would experience normalization of existing imbalances and recover its strength in a “new political era.” However, the new administration quickly restored the dominance of neoliberal economic policies through a comprehensive set of initiatives, which centrally included the return to international financial debt and equity markets and submission to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) rules. This article analyzes Argentina’s external-debt-growth process and discusses its objectives and long-term effects. This paper posits that the indebtedness process carried out by the Macri administration—and its modality—not only increased the relevance of financial capital in the Argentine economy but also structurally conditioned any future nonorthodox alternative path of development. This outcome cannot be understood without taking into account the deliberate role of the United States, the IMF, and the top companies that operate in Argentina, as well as the complicity of many political sectors. JEL Classification: H63, F34, F63
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Graciela Kaminsky, Amine Mati, and Nada Choueiri. "Thirty Years of Currency Crises in Argentina: External Shocks or Domestic Fragility?" Economía 10, no. 1 (2009): 81–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eco.0.0034.
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Heredia, Mariana, and Pablo Nemiña. "Beyond the diffusion of neoliberalism: Embedded reasoning and policy innovation in the origins of Argentinian currency board." História Unisinos 25, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/hist.2021.252.05.
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Suffering from high rates of inflation since the 1940’s and having experienced two hyperinflations at the end of the 1980s, Argentina faced in 2019 an increase of prices of more than 50%. But in the 1990s, Argentina achieved at once prices stability and growth. Which were the sources of such an immediate change? Which lessons can be drawn from this experience? As in the 1990s Argentina adopted deep market reforms, stability could be considered an achievement of neoliberal diffusion. Not only international forces were driving forces for the change; the International Monetary Found (IMF) celebrated the success and invited other emerging nations to imitate it. Nevertheless, this perspective underestimates the importance of local context in the history of neoliberal reforms and overestimates the coherence of external forces. Through the analyses of testimonies of Argentine and foreign officials and the study of declassified documents from the IMF, this paper argues that stability was only archived after the adoption of a currency board, which was against the recommendation of most foreign officials. Instead of a simple top-down transposition of ideas, the Argentinian case reveals the importance of technocrats’ agency. Their local innovation not only made the diffusion of neoliberalism possible, it also turned currency board into one of the global anti-inflationist recipes recommended to other countries, despise its heavy consequences.
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Poczynok, Iván. "La evolución de la política de inteligencia militar argentina: rupturas y continuidades (1990-2015)/ The evolution of Argentine ´ s military intelligence policy: ruptures and continuities (1990-2015)." URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, no. 21 (November 13, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/urvio.21.2017.2855.
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El artículo analiza los factores políticos que atravesaron la definición de la política de inteligencia militar argentina entre 1990 y 2015. El argumento central es que esta responsabilidad estuvo condicionada por dos apreciaciones ampliamente arraigadas en los gobiernos del período: que la inteligencia militar constituye un instrumento peligroso para la estabilidad democrática; y que la Argentina carece de problemas externos que puedan requerir la generación de este tipo de conocimientos en el mediano plazo. Estos elementos no sólo tornaron accesoria –desde la mirada de las élites locales– la definición de una política de inteligencia, sino que también configuraron un status quo que reprodujo la subordinación de los intereses defensivos del país a las preocupaciones estratégicas de otras naciones.
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This article analyzes the political factors that crossed the definition of Argentine´s military intelligence policy between 1990 and 2015. The argument is that this activity was conditioned by two assumptions widely held by the governments of this period: that military intelligence is dangerous for democratic stability; and that Argentina does not have external problems that may require this type of knowledge in the medium term. These elements not only made “unnecessary” the definition of an intelligence policy -from the perspective of the local elites- but also shaped a status quo that maintained the subordination of the country's defense interests to foreign strategic perceptions.
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Teta, Pablo, and Pablo Jayat. "Identification keys to murid rodents of Argentina." Therya 12, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 501–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1110.
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Muroid rodents are the most species-rich superfamily of rodents occurring in Argentina. Increased fieldwork with these mammals depicts the need of adequate keys to identify species on the base of external characters. In this contribution we provide three keys (one for families and subfamilies, and another two for Sigmodontinae and Muridae, respectively) for all known species of Cricetidae and Muridae distributed in Argentina (42 genera and 110 species). In addition to the dichotomous keys, and as a way to facilitate the identification, we include for each species a brief description of its distribution and the main habitats where it occurs.
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DE LA CRUZ, KATHARINA DITTMAR, MARIANA MORANDO, and LUCIANO AVILA. "Description of a new pterygosomatid mite (Acari, Actinedida: Pterygosomatidae) parasitic on Liolaemus spp. (Iguania: Liolaemini) from Argentina." Zootaxa 521, no. 1 (May 24, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.521.1.1.
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Pterygosoma patagonica n. sp. (Acari: Pterygosomatidae) is described from endemic iguanid lizards (Liolaemus spp.) of Argentina, based on its morphology. This external parasite is also known to parasitize Old World agamid lizards.
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Cherny, Nicolás. "The Influence of Interest Groups on Government." Latin American Perspectives 42, no. 1 (May 9, 2014): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x14535718.
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Interest groups’ influence on government affects economic policy making and has an impact on economic crises. Under Argentina’s convertibility exchange-rate regime until its collapse in 2001, tradable-goods entrepreneurs’ preferences depended on the degree to which the government offered them trade-offs either to offset the loss of competitiveness stemming from the currency peg or to exempt them from the costs of devaluation. For the nontradable sector and investors the costs of maintaining the peg to the dollar were always less than those entailed in abandoning the regime. While the fiscal and external inconsistencies of convertibility reduced the preference of the International Monetary Fund for maintaining convertibility, the cost of changing it induced the Fund to continue financing the Argentine government. Moreover, the influence exerted on the IMF by the governments of countries whose businesses had been affected by the distribution of the cost of abandoning the convertibility discouraged financial collaboration by the foreign assistance organizations during the collapse. La influencia de los grupos de interés sobre el gobierno afecta la orientación de la política económica y tiene su impacto en las crisis económicas. Durante el régimen de convertibilidad en Argentina hasta su colapso en 2001, las preferencias de los empresarios de bienes transables dependían del grado en que el gobierno les ofrecía compensaciones, sea para moderar la pérdida de competitividad derivada de la fijación o para sustraerlos de los costos de la devaluación. Para los empresarios del sector no transable y los inversores financieros los costos de mantener la fijación con el dólar resultaron siempre inferiores que los de salir del régimen. Si las inconsistencias fiscales y externas de la convertibilidad desalentaban la preferencia del FMI por mantener la convertibilidad, los costos de cambiarla indujeron al Fondo a sostener el financiamiento al gobierno argentino. Asimismo, la influencia que ejercieron sobre el FMI los gobiernos de los países cuyas empresas habían sido afectadas en la distribución de los costos del cambio de régimen cambiario desalentó la colaboración financiera de los organismos proveedores de ayuda externa durante el colapso.
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FRENKEL, ROBERTO. "Argentina: A decade of the Convertibility Regime." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 22, no. 4 (December 2002): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572002-0999.
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ABSTRACT This article is an assessment of the Convertibility period in Argentina, which covered the nineties. It is presented in two sections. In the first section macroeconomic performance is described and evaluated, together with the effects on employment, unemployment and income distribution. An important contraction in full employment and significant increments in unemployment and involuntary underemployment are stressed. As from the mid-nineties, income distribution shows a strong worsening trend and the poverty and indigence indicators tend to rise. The increment in unemployment stands as the main explanatory factor of the worsening of social conditions. In the second section different aspects of the Convertibility Regime are discussed: the appreciated exchange rate, the dollarization of the financial system, the accentuated dependency on capital flows, the external sustainability and the regime durability.
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Kassenova, Togzhan. "External perceptions of Brazil's nuclear policy: views from Argentina and the United States." Nonproliferation Review 23, no. 5-6 (November 2016): 595–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2017.1339932.
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Nupponen, Kari, and Pasi Sihvonen. "Revision of Neotropical Scythrididae moths and descriptions of 22 new species from Argentina, Chile, and Peru (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea)." ZooKeys 1087 (February 22, 2022): 19–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1087.64382.
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The taxonomy of South American Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) is revised, based on external morphology, genitalia, male abdominal segment VIII, and DNA barcodes using genetic distances, BINs, and a tentative molecular phylogeny. Data include both historical and fresh specimens from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru. Thirty-four species are recognised as valid, and the fauna classified in three genera. Type specimens and morphology of all species are described and figured in detail. DNA barcode sequences of the COI gene were successful for 22 species, the average genetic divergence between species being 5.1%. A key to Neotropical Scythrididae species is provided, based on the male genitalia and abdominal segment VIII, which show most and easily accessible interspecific differences. Our study revealed that the Scythridae fauna of South America is more or less completely unknown. As a result, 22 new species are described, increasing the number of South American Scythrididae species from 13 to 34. All new species are authored by Kari Nupponen (incertae sedis means the genus combination is uncertain and needs further research, country of the type locality is given in parentheses): Rhamphura subdimotasp. nov. (Argentina), R. pozohondaensissp. nov. (Argentina), R. spiniuncussp. nov. (Argentina), R. angulisociellasp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), R. curvisociellasp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), R. tetrafasciellasp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), Landryia ankylosauroidessp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), L. chilensissp. nov. incertae sedis (Chile), Scythris directiphallellasp. nov. (Argentina), S. furciphallellasp. nov. (Argentina), S. manchaoensissp. nov. (Argentina), S. salinasgrandensissp. nov. (Argentina), S. angustivalvellasp. nov. (Argentina), S. caimancitoensissp. nov. (Argentina), S. lequetepequensissp. nov. (Peru), S. sanfriscoensissp. nov. (Argentina), S. tigrensissp. nov. (Argentina), S. bicoloristrigellasp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), S. saldaitisisp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), S. wikstromisp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), S. andensissp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina), S. mendozaensissp. nov. incertae sedis (Argentina). The following new combinations are proposed: Scythris depressa Meyrick, 1931 and Scythris dimota Meyrick, 1931 are transferred from Scythris Hübner, 1825 to Rhamphura Landry, 1991 comb. nov. Three species classified in Scythris earlier are now classified as Scythris (incertae sedis): Scythris dividua Meyrick, 1916, S. medullata Meyrick, 1916 and S. notorrhoa Meyrick, 1921. The taxon Syntetrernis neocompsa Meyrick, 1933, recently classified in Scythrididae: Scythris, is excluded from Scythrididae and it is now classified in Cosmopterigidae incertae sedis.
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Kaufman, Robert R. "Democratic and authoritarian responses to the debt issue: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico." International Organization 39, no. 3 (1985): 473–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300019159.
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For Latin American governments, mediating between their national societies and the international economy, the contemporary debt issue poses some excruciating dilemmas. On the one side, these governments are under intense pressure to arrive at satisfactory formulas for settling their debts–satisfactory, that is, to the banks and creditor agencies that control access to international financial markets. Loss of such access would threaten vital capital and trade flows, and for this reason virtually every Latin American government has so far placed a high priority on meeting its external obligations. But governmental elites, if they are to remain in power, must also answer to (or repress) their own populations. And the price to be paid for external help with “liquidity problems” has typically involved politically dangerous stabilization measures (devaluations, wage and credit restrictions, and fiscal deficit reductions)–measures that often arouse the strong opposition of major social forces.
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Sassi, Davide. "Four peculiar new Metallactus species from Argentina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 52, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2020.465.
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Metallactus canescens sp. nov., Metallactus aemulus sp. nov., Metallactus diaguita sp. nov., Metallactus nugator sp. nov. are described from Northern and Central Argentina. The new species are very similar to one another regarding their external look but can be distinguished above all on the basis of internal characters, in particular the morphology of the aedeagal median lobe. Besides, some traits of their external features, i. e. the thick dorsal setosity and the weak metallic hue, look quite uncommon within the genus Metallactus Suffrian, 1866 and remind of some species of genus Coscinoptera Lacordaire, 1848 (in particular C. tibialis Harold, 1875) and other undescribed species belonging to the genus Griburius Haldeman, 1849. This might be due to some kind of adaptive convergent evolution.
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OTERO, MANUEL A., PABLO R. GRENAT, JULIAN A. VALETTI, NANCY E. SALAS, and ADOLFO L. MARTINO. "The tadpole of Pleurodema cordobae Valetti, Salas & Martino, 2009 (Anura: Leiuperidae) from Córdoba, Argentina." Zootaxa 3635, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.11.
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The frog genus Pleurodema Tschudi, 1838 is distributed from Panama throughout South America to southern Chile and Argentina and currently is represented by 15 species, of which 10 have been recorded in Argentina (Faivovich et al. 2012). Recently, Valetti et al. (2009) re-described the tetraploid species P. kriegi and described a related cryptic species, the octoploid Pleurodema cordobae. These species are endemic of the Sierra Grande of Córdoba (Ferraro & Casagranda 2009; Valetti et al. 2009; Valetti et al. 2011) and together with the tetraploid P. bibrioni comprise a clade of polyploid cryptic species within the genus (Faivovich et al. 2012). The external morphology has been described for the tadpoles of P. bibrioni and P. kriegi by Kolenc et al. (2009), but the tadpole of P. cordobae remains undescribed. The aim of this work is to describe the larval external morphology and oral disc of new species P. cordobae.
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REDO, DANIEL J., T. MITCHELL AIDE, MATTHEW L. CLARK, and MARÍA JOSÉ ANDRADE-NÚÑEZ. "Impacts of internal and external policies on land change in Uruguay, 2001–2009." Environmental Conservation 39, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000658.
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SUMMARYPolicies play a pivotal role in determining land change. Uruguay has been subject to first a rise and then decline in plantations of exotic trees as a result of internal Uruguayan government policies, and a recent substantial increase in soybean cultivation that may be attributed to Argentinean policies. To properly assess the relationship between land change and changes in land-use policies, vegetation change for Uruguay from 2001 to 2009 was mapped using MODIS imagery. Between 2001 and 2009, the area covered by exotic tree plantations declined by 1435 km2, and 34 681 km2 of herbaceous cover was converted to agricultural cover, mainly soybean cultivation. Uruguay and Argentina implemented land-use policy changes following the 2002 economic collapse. Rapid increase in exotic tree plantations, mainly in the 1990s, may have been stimulated by Uruguayan government incentives, while their recent decline coincides with the subsequent elimination of these incentives. The rapid increase in soybean production may be largely attributed to recent tax regimes in Argentina and lack of export tax in Uruguay combining to provide a favourable financial climate for Uruguayan soybean cultivation. Soybean cultivation is predicted to continue to expand in Uruguay, while exotic tree plantations should also increase in importance owing to the recent establishment of the world's largest pulp mill.
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SAN BLAS, Germán, and Emilia I. BALBI. "First record of Athetis rionegrensis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attacking soybean and new geographical report in Argentina." Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 80, no. 04 (December 30, 2021): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25085/rsea.800412.
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The genus Athetis Hübner (Lepidoptera. Noctuidae. Amphipyrinae) comprises numerous species worldwide, two of them recently reported as pests of maize in China. This work presents the first record of an Athetis species feeding on soybean in the eastern region of the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The specimens were identified as Athetis rionegrensis status rev. based on external morphology and genitalia characters for both sexes. Furthermore, additional specimens were collected in the province of La Pampa, Argentina, on October, 2021.This species was only known to be in Alto Valle, province of Río Negro, Argentina, therefore these specimens represent the first record of the species outside that province. The correct assignment of this species to the Athetis genus is confirmed. Finally, the implications of this new record are discussed.
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HAINES, ANDRÉS ERNESTO FERRARI, FERNANDO FERRARI-FILHO, and HERNAN NEYRA. "The consequences of the international financial crisis and the great recession in Argentina and Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 40, no. 1 (March 2020): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572020-3048.
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ABSTRACT The 2007-2008 international financial crisis (IFC) and the ‘Great Recession’ (GR) had worldwide effects. In the case of Argentina and Brazil, the reduction and improvement in composition of public external debt, the previous policy of international reserves accumulation combined with left-wing political affinity between governments, provided some space for countercyclical macroeconomic policies. Consequently, its governments were able to face the IFC and GR without following traditional tightened or pro-cyclical macroeconomic policies. This article examines the consequences of the IFC and the GR in Argentina and Brazil and the countercyclical macroeconomic policies that were implemented during the period 2009-2014.
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Friedman, Elisabeth Jay. "Constructing “The Same Rights with the Same Names”: The Impact of Spanish Norm Diffusion on Marriage Equality in Argentina." Latin American Politics and Society 54, no. 4 (2012): 29–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00171.x.
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AbstractThis article argues that Spain has been the driving external force in the advancement of LGBT rights in Latin America, from marriage in Argentina to the regional recognition of “sexual diversity rights” as human rights. Acting as “norm entrepreneurs,” Spanish activists and organizations, relying on development aid, have promoted their perspectives through two approaches: strategic consulting and resource transfer. Their diffusion is illustrated primarily by the Argentine case. There, activists underwritten by Spanish resources have borrowed Spanish strategies to achieve “the same rights with the same names.” Besides broadening our understanding of the struggle for LGBT equality in Latin America, this article deepens the explanation of norm diffusion, focusing on emergence. In this stage, specific individuals and organizations deliberately select appropriate “targets” for and moments of intervention. But norm “receptors” must also be ready for action.
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BALDO, DIEGO, RAÚL MANEYRO, and GABRIEL LAUFER. "The tadpole of Melanophryniscus atroluteus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1902) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Argentina and Uruguay." Zootaxa 2615, no. 1 (September 17, 2010): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2615.1.4.
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Melanophryniscus atroluteus (Miranda-Ribeiro) is a poorly known species of the M. stelzneri species group; it inhabits open areas of north-eastern Argentina, southern Brazil, south-eastern Paraguay, and northern Uruguay. In this correspondence we describe the tadpole external morphology of this species for the first time.
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Krause, J. Marcelo, and Carlos I. Piña. "Reptilian coprolites in the Eocene of central Patagonia, Argentina." Journal of Paleontology 86, no. 3 (May 2012): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11-075.1.
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Biogenic structures, herein interpreted as coprolites, were recorded in the ?upper Paleocene–Eocene Las Flores Formation, southeast Argentina. The coprolite origin is supported by several features, such as recurrent extrusive external morphology, longitudinal wrinkles, flattening of the ventral side, concentric and radial cracks, cryptocrystalline groundmass, and a phosphatic composition. A detailed comparative study with modern fecal masses, based on morphology, surface texture, micromorphology, mineralogical and chemical composition, suggest a crocodylian as the most probable producer, an interpretation also supported by the Patagonian paleontological record. This discovery, the first record on coprolites from Central Patagonia, provides new paleoenvironmental and paleoecological information for the studied successions.
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Looney, Robert E. "Impact of increased external debt servicing on government budgetary priorities: The case of Argentina." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 1987): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(87)90050-4.
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Ishikawa, Tomoko. "Extraterritorial Discovery in Aid of Execution and State Immunity: Case Comment on Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd., 573 U.S. ___ (2014)." Accounting, Economics and Law - A Convivium 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2014-0016.
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AbstractOn 16 June 2014, the Supreme Court of the United States rejected the petition for a writ of certiorari stemming from the dispute over the meaning of the pari passu clause in the Argentine sovereign bonds. This decision had a dramatic impact on Argentina’s sovereign debt restructurings (SDR) – indeed, it arguably led to Argentina’s second default in 13 years on 30 July 2014. On the same day that the petition for certiorari was rejected, the Supreme Court rendered a judgment on the issue of the relationship between discovery in aid of execution against the debtor state’s extraterritorial assets and the law of state immunity. In Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd., judgment of 16 June 2014, the Supreme Court affirmed the Second Circuit’s conclusion that the extraterritorial assets discovery against two non-party banks in aid of executing the judgments stemming from Argentina’s default of its external debt did not offend Argentina’s sovereign immunity. This comment addresses this judgment on extraterritorial discovery which, although less headline grabbing than the decisions on the pari passu clause, also marks a victory for holdout creditors. It first provides a summary of the background of the case and the judgment, and then considers its implications on the future SDR. Regarding the implications of the case on the future SDR, this comment also describes the developments of law concerning the relationship between the law on foreign investment and SDR (in investment arbitration) and the relationship between investment arbitration awards and sovereign immunity (in US courts). First, it examines the recent decisions in ICSID arbitration concerning the disputes arising from the Argentina’s default and subsequent SDR (Abaclat v. Argentina (decision on jurisdiction and admissibility of 4 August 2011) and Ambiente v. Argentina (decision on jurisdiction and admissibility of 8 February 2013)). In essence, these decisions opened the door to investment treaty arbitration for holdout creditors of international sovereign bonds, for the first time in the history of investment arbitration. It then describes the Second Circuit’s recent decision in Blue Ridge v. Argentina (judgment of 19 August 2013) in which the court concluded that the defendant state in an ICSID arbitration was considered to have waived its jurisdictional immunity under the Foreign State Immunity Act of 1976 (FSIA). It argues that the combination of: (a) Argentina v. NML, (b) Blue Ridge v. Argentina, and (c) the openness of ICSID arbitration to disputes arising from SDR will have potentially serious consequences for future SDR.
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Honj, Renato M., André M. Vaz-dos-Santos, and Carmen Lúcia D. B. Rossi-Wongtschowsk. "Identification of the stages of ovarian maturation of the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 (Teleostei: Merlucciidae): advantages and disadvantages of the use of the macroscopic and microscopic scales." Neotropical Ichthyology 4, no. 3 (September 2006): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252006000300004.
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The Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi is a demersal-pelagic species on which few studies have been undertaken, despite its importance for the fisheries of the South-Southeastern Brazilian region, . The species is the most important commercial fishery resource in Uruguay and Argentina, where several studies have permitted the proper monitoring of the species. The ovarian maturation of the Argentine hake is analysed in this study. A scale of maturation is presented in the light of the oocyte development and the use of macro and microscopic scales of ovarian maturation are compared. It was detected that the oocyte types and derived structures present in the ovaries are similar to those already described both for the species and for teleosts in general; group synchronous development and multiple spawning are typical. The identification of ovarian maturation based only on external morphological characteristics of the gonads presents many errors, mainly in the characterization of the stages of maturation, which makes imperative the parallel analysis of the oocyte development, undertaken through histological ovarian cross-sections.
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Laría, Patricia Inés, Verónica Rama, and Joaquín Rodríguez. "Balance of Payments Constraint — Trade and Finance." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 12 (December 22, 2019): 1137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/12.10.2019/001.
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This paper summarizes conceptual aspects of two contemporary global phenomena: “economic growth external constraint” or “balance of payments constraint (BPC)” and “financial flows”, both of them especially studied as structural features of Argentina economy. Our general hypothesis is that external constrain, in its commercial (exports and imports relative income-elasticity) or financial (unsustainable debt, interest payments) versions, means a significant difficulty for some countries’ growth. Besides, financial outflows (purchase of foreign assets by residents, capital flight), offer various additional complexities. Both performs simultaneously as cause and consequence of growth, as circular cumulative causation (CCC).
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SERGIO ROIG-JUÑENT, SERGIO, and ERICA SCHEIBLER. "A new Argentinian species of Bembidion (Chilioperyphus) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini) with accessory setae." Zootaxa 782, no. 1 (December 20, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.782.1.1.
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The new species, Bembidion (Chilioperyphus) cuyanus (type locality ARGENTINA, San Luis, Quebrada Lopez, 7 km SE San Francisco) is described, based on external structural features (extra setae in the supraorbital region, pronotum, elytral margin and intervals 3, 5 and 7) and those of the male genitalia (details of the endophallic flagellum). Line drawings illustrate diagnostic features and a key distinguishes among the species of subgenus Chilioperyphus Jeannel. This species lives along the border of rivers and creeks in the arid region of western Argentina.KEY WORDS. Carabidae. Bembidiini. Bembidion (Chilioperyphus) cuyanus n. sp., ArgentinaSe describe una nueva especie del g nero Bembidion Latreille (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini) del centro oeste de la Argentina. Esta ha sido encontrada en las orillas de arroyos y r os de esta regi n semides rtica. La morfolog a externa y las caracter sticas de las estructuras de la genitalia masculina hacen considerar que esta nueva especie pertenece al g nero Bembidion Latreille, y algunos caracteres del ed ago muestran que pertenece al subg nero Chilioperyphus Jeannel. La estructura del flagelo y la presencia de numerosas setas, tanto en la regi n supraorbital, pronoto, borde del litro e interesar as 3, 5 y 7, permiten reconocer a esta como una nueva especie, Bembidion (Chilioperyphus) cuyanus nov. sp. Se provee la descripci n e ilustraciones de esta nueva especie, como as tambi n una clave para diferenciarla de las restantes especies del subg nero Chilioperyphus.PALABRAS CLAVE. Carabidae. Bembidiini. Bembidion (Chilioperyphus) cuyanus n. sp., Argentina
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Barquez, Rubén M., Maria Daniela Miotti, Fabricio M. Idoeta, and M. Mónica Díaz. "Two new species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) for Argentina." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, no. 22 (June 13, 2017): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.22.
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Seven new species of Myotis have been recently described from South America, elevating to 20 the total number of species of the genus recognized for the region. Myotis izecksohni and Myotis lavali were recently described from the States of Río de Janeiro, Paraná and Pernambuco, Brazil. These are clearly different from all other known species of the genus in their external and cranial characters, which are exactly comparable with our specimens collected in Argentina. This allows to greatly expand the known geographic distributions for these two species. The addition to Argentina of Myotis lavali with specimens collected in the Yungas ecoregion of Salta Province, and Myotis izecksohni with specimens collected in the Fields and Weedlands ecoregion of Misiones Province, increases the known ecoregions to date for the distribution of the two species.
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FERNANDES, JOSE ANTONIO MARIN, and VALERIA JULIETE DA SILVA. "A new species group to Edessa, the E. ovina group, with description of a new species (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae) from Brazil." Zootaxa 4958, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 628–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.37.
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The E. ovina group of species is proposed here to include Edessa ovina Dallas, 1851 from Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina (new records) and Guyana; E. impura Bergroth, 1891 from Brazil and Argentina (new record); E. sahlbergii Stål, 1872 restricted to Brazil; and E. graziae sp. nov. from Brazil and Argentina. The E. ovina group can be identified by the apex of the second pair of wings narrowing distally and by a tumid area on the ventral surface of the pygophore (male genitalia) projected posteriorly. Descriptions, measurements, and illustrations of the metasternal process, external and internal genitalia of male and female are provided. A map with the distribution of the species is presented. The holotype of Edessa ovina is designated here. Edessa argali Breddin, 1903 is considered a junior synonym of E. impura. Females of E. ovina and E. impura, and male of E. sahlbergii are described for the first time.
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Iturbe, Andrea, and Elsa Marcela Guerrero. "Una aproximación a la huella ecológica de Malargüe, Argentina." Revista Estudios Ambientales - Environmental Studies Journal 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47069/estudios-ambientales.v2i2.1052.
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Cada vez más personas eligen establecerse en el medio urbano. Las ciudades se convierten en los ámbitos preferidos por las poblaciones humanas para desarrollar sus actividades económicas y sociales. Sin embargo, y en términos ecológico-energéticos, las ciudades son sistemas heterotróficos, altamente dependientes de la materia y energía que proviene de ecosistemas productivos externos muchas veces distantes. La creciente demanda de insumos materiales en las ciudades aumenta la presión sobre ecosistemas terrestres y acuáticos regionales y extra-regionales con efectos importantes sobre los recursos naturales y servicios ecológicos que son imprescindibles para la vida humana y de otras especies. Este trabajo analiza la apropiación de ecosistemas terrestres productivos asociada al consumo de la ciudad de Malargüe, Argentina, en 2010. Emplea la metodología desarrollada por Rees (1996), Huella Ecológica (HE), que permite medir en términos espaciales (hectáreas) la demanda de recursos provenientes de ecosistemas externos a la ciudad. Para su cálculo se establecieron categorías o ítems de consumo: alimentos, madera y papel, secuestro de carbono, disposición de residuos y suelo urbano. Para expresarlos en términos de superficie (ha) se tomaron decisiones particulares para adaptar la metodología original a las condiciones particulares de la ciudad de Malargüe. Fue necesario conocer las características físicas y socio- económicas de los consumos y evaluar la manera en la que se relacionan con los ecosistemas productivos externos a la ciudad. Una vez calculada la Huella Ecológica total de la ciudad se compara con la capacidad de carga local, permitiendo conocer la sustentabilidad ambiental del ámbito de estudio. Resultando insostenible bajo las condiciones de consumo analizadas.
Abstract
Every day, more people choose to live in cities. Cities are the physical support for many human populations and where economic and social activities are developed. Nevertheless, urban areas are heterotrophic systems from an energetic and ecologic view hardly dependent on matter and energy which usually come from productive external ecosystems, even from distant territories. Also, the growing demand for material and energy in urban contexts cause an increasing pressure on vital species for human beings and other organisms in the regional o extra-regional terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with important effects in natural resources and ecological services associated to them. This paper analyzes productive terrestrial ecosystem appropriation associated with the consumption in the city of Malargüe, Argentina, in 2010. It employed Rees (1996) methodology called the Ecological Footprint (EF). It allows us to measure resources demand which come from the city`s external ecosystems in spatial terms (hectare). In order to calculate the ecological footprint, some consumption categories or items – e. g. food, wood and paper, carbon sequestration, wastes final disposition and urban uses- were established. To express them in area terms (ha), it was necessary to take specific decisions to adapt the original methodology to the particular case of Malargüe. It was also necessary to know the physical and social economic consumption characteristics and to assess how these are related with external ecosystems. Once the total ecological footprint area had been calculated, it was compared with the local charge capacity to know if it was sustainable or not. As a result, the city was unsustainable considering the categories or items studied. The consumption of ecosystem productive areas in the city of Malargüe proved to be 16.45 times bigger than its own administrative area.
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ESTRADA, PATRICIA M. "A new species of Arthrobrachus Solier, Arthrobrachus arquatus n. sp. (Coleoptera: Melyridae) from the South American Transition Zone, Argentina." Zootaxa 4441, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.7.
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A new species of Arthrobrachus Solier, A. arquatus n. sp. from Argentina, is described using external characters of the adult male and female including terminal segments of the abdomen and genitalia. Arthrobrachus arquatus n. sp. is morphologically close to A. tibialis Solier, 1849 from the Central Chile sub region, suggesting a phylogenetic connection. Comments on the possible origin of this relationship are made.
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Herrera Mijangos, Santos Noé, Dayana Luna Reyes, and Jorge Gonzalo Escobar Torres. "Síndrome adquirido por el trabajo académico en instituciones educativas latinoamericanas." education policy analysis archives 27 (August 12, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3763.
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The objective of this research was to describe the internal-external context of select educational institutions as well as the biological, psychological and social status of teachers and researchers. The work is based on qualitative and quantitative methodology. The population that has been considered covers Mexico and Colombia, although it also includes Chile and Argentina because research was done in those Latin American countries. The subjects of analysis were found in both public and private educational institutions, from basic to postgraduate level. Qualitatively, interviews and ethnographic work were carried out. Quantitatively, the scale of the “Academic Work Syndrome” (SINATA) was used, which aims to investigate the burdens of teaching. The results showed that due the internal-external context of their educational institutions, the academics spend a great part of their time satisfying the demands of the dominant educational trend, and that the internal political divisions and in-fighting generates the majority of SINATA that the teachers suffer. It should be noted that the results coincide with those reported in Chile and Argentina. Teacher suffering affects educational quality, a dependent and conditioned variable for the physical and mental health of the teacher.
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Nascimento, Fabio Oliveira do, and Anderson Feijó. "Taxonomic revision of the tigrina Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) species group (Carnivora, Felidae)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, no. 19 (June 13, 2017): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.19.
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The tigrina Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) is a small-sized Neotropical spotted cat found from northern Argentina and southern Brazil to Costa Rica. Four subspecies are traditionally recognized: L. t. tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) from northern Brazil, the Guianas and eastern Venezuela; L. t. pardinoides (Gray, 1867) from western Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; L. t. guttulus (Hensel, 1872) from southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina; and L. t. oncillus (Thomas, 1903) from Costa Rica. We studied external and craniodental morphology in quantitative and qualitative terms from 250 specimens in order to clarify the taxonomic status of tigrina. Based on the characters analyzed in this study, we recognize three diagnosable morphogroups, each with a distinct geographic distribution: northern/northwestern/west (samples from northern Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northwestern Argentina and Costa Rica), eastern (samples from northeastern and central Brazil), and southern (samples from southern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina). Taking into account the morphologic evidence presented here, supported by biogeographic data and molecular studies available, we recognize three full species for tigrinas: L. tigrinus (including the putative subspecies L. t. pardinoides and L. t. oncillus as junior synonyms) for northern/northwestern/west group; L. emiliae (Thomas, 1914) for eastern group; and L. guttulus for southern group.
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Milanesio, Natalia. "Food Politics and Consumption in Peronist Argentina." Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-091.
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Abstract From the beginning of Juan Domingo Perón’s administration, food consumption was both a significant object of state policy and a central component of official propaganda. This essay resists the analytical separation between politics and imaginaries in order to expand our understanding of Peronism in new directions. First, it shows the economic, political, and iconographic centrality of food for state planning, commercial culture, public health, and definitions of social, national, and physical well-being. Second, the essay reinterprets nationalism and social entitlement—concepts that researchers have identified as key in Peronist ideology—through a new focus on food. An increase in per capita beef consumption, beyond serving as a symbol of popular well-being, undermined the images of Argentina as an export economy subservient to foreign capitalism. By favoring internal consumers over external markets, Peronist beef politics created an empowering ideology of economic sovereignty. This ideology reinforced the commitment of the state to benefit the local population in the distribution of national wealth. Between 1946 and 1949, the government popularized the rise in beef intake as the new entitlement of the working classes to what had previously been a “luxury food.” Finally, the analysis demonstrates that Peronism collected and instrumentally continued or redefined key arguments circulating in Argentine popular culture and medical and leftist discourses, including the relation of beef consumption to nationalism, luxury, rights, and health; the intervention of the state in nutritional issues; the dietary education of the masses; and the connection between nationalism, tradition, and culinary culture.
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Castro, Dolores del Carmen, and Armando Cicchino. "Two remarkable species of Phtheiropoios (Phthiraptera: Gyropidae) from Tucumán Province, Argentina." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 4 (August 2007): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-047.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study deals with two species of the genus Phtheiropoios, redescribing P. tucumanus Cicchino, 1990, previously known from five specimens collected on Ctenomys tucumanus Thomas, 1900, and describing P. inaequalissp. nov. from C. tuconax Thomas, 1925, both from different localities in Tucumán Province, Argentina. Diagnostic features for the new species include proportion of the male forficula, male external genitalia, and counts of setae and body measurements in both sexes. Brief comments on the morphological affinities of these species with other species of Phtheiropoios, and a key to males of all species of the genus Phtheiropoios known to parasitize rodents of the genus Ctenomys, are included.