Relevant bibliographies by topics / External Argentina

Academic literature on the topic 'External Argentina'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "External Argentina"

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Simões, Joanna. "Arbitration as a Method of Settling Disputes Arising under Sovereign Bonds." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 9, Issue 33 (March 1, 2012): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2012001.

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ABSTRACT: In December 2001 Argentina defaulted by publicly announcing the deferral of over US$100 billion of external bond debt owed to both non-Argentine and Argentine creditors. In September 2006, a group of 195,000 Italian creditors that rejected Argentina's exchange offer submitted a request for ICSID arbitration relying not in the bond contract, but in a Bilateral Investment Treaty ("BIT") between Argentina and Italy. More than ever before, in this moment of anxiety of a Greek sovereign default, the outcome of this decision can drastically change the dynamics of sovereign debt restructurings and of the investment arbitration regime. Thus, in light of these recent facts, this article shall assess whether ICSID tribunals should have jurisdiction to settle disputes arising under sovereign bonds by making a dual examination of the term "investment" in the ICSID Convention. And more importantly, notwithstanding the positive jurisdiction and admissibility decision rendered by the ICSID Tribunal in the present case, it is analysed whether tribunals should be competent to settle disputes related to a financial crisis.
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Taylor, Alan M. "External Dependence, Demographic Burdens, and Argentine Economic Decline After the Belle Époque." Journal of Economic History 52, no. 4 (December 1992): 907–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700011955.

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Once one of the richest countries in the world, Argentina has been in relative economic decline for most of the twentieth century. The quantitative records of income growth and accumulation date the onset of the retardation to around the time of the Great War, and patterns of aggregate saving and foreign borrowing show that scarcity of investable resources significantly frustrated interwar development. A demographic model of national saving demonstrates that the burdens of rapid population growth and substantial immigration depressed Argentine saving, contributing significantly to the demise of the Belle Époque following the wartime collapse of international financial markets.
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Wainer, Andrés, and Paula Belloni. "Balance-of-Payments Constraints as the Key to Dependency: The Case of Argentina." Latin American Perspectives 49, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x211069556.

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Considering the constraints to growth derived from the balance of payments and the external sector as the area in which the dependency of Latin American countries is most clearly expressed, application of the contributions of dependency theorists concerning external restrictions to growth in Argentina shows that the fate of surplus value in this economy is a key factor in the explanation of its dependent nature. Considerando las restricciones al crecimiento derivadas del balance de pagos y el sector externo como el ámbito donde se expresa más nítidamente la relación de dependencia, la aplicación de los aportes de la teoría de la dependencia referentes al problema de la restricción externa al crecimiento en la Argentina muestra que el destino que se le da al plusvalor en esta economía es un elemento clave para explicar su situación de dependencia.
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Libman, Emiliano, and Gabriel Palazzo. "Inflation targeting, disinflation, and debt traps in Argentina." European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention 17, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 78–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2019.00050.

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This paper highlights the role of external indebtedness and the presence of inflationary inertia in order to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of inflation targeting during disinflation episodes. As the recent Argentinian experience illustrates, a sluggish inflation rate and a significant current-account deficit may make the stabilization process difficult. To illustrate the point, we build a model that shows that, when inflation adjusts fast, the target may be achieved without building too much external debt. But if inflation adjusts slowly, an excessive build-up of external debt could lead to an increase in the risk premium, a sudden shortage of foreign exchange, and the eventual collapse of the inflation-targeting regime.
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Libman, Emiliano, and Gabriel Palazzo. "Inflation targeting, disinflation, and debt traps in Argentina." European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention 17, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 78–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2019.0050.

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This paper highlights the role of external indebtedness and the presence of inflationary inertia in order to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of inflation targeting during disinflation episodes. As the recent Argentinian experience illustrates, a sluggish inflation rate and a significant current-account deficit may make the stabilization process difficult. To illustrate the point, we build a model that shows that, when inflation adjusts fast, the target may be achieved without building too much external debt. But if inflation adjusts slowly, an excessive build-up of external debt could lead to an increase in the risk premium, a sudden shortage of foreign exchange, and the eventual collapse of the inflation-targeting regime.
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Yakovlev, P. "Import Substitution in Argentina: Aims and Results." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-20-25.

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Import substitution policy replaced the model of export-oriented agricultural economy that existed in Argentina during the period of 1870–1929. Its mechanism was relatively simple: agricultural products, for which the country had optimal natural conditions, were exported to the external markets, while wide range of industrial products, machinery and equipment were imported. Exports generated substantial revenues (providing a lion's share of state income), and the imports quite satisfied domestic demand for capital and consumer goods. The history of import substitution policy in Argentina can be divided into two stages. At the first stage (1930–1952), the government created its basic tools with a stress on development of labor-intensive light industries whose products were intended to meet domestic consumer demand. During the second phase (1953–1976), Argentine political establishment, not satisfied with the results achieved in the previous period, initiated the policy of “super industrialization”, namely, the creation or expansion of basic capital-intensive industries: metallurgy, machinery, chemicals and petrochemicals, energy. In these years domestic production of machinery and equipment for agriculture and light industry, durables, pharmaceuticals increased dramatically, the national military-industrial complex, scientific and technical sectors were created. In other words, Argentine’s policy of import substitution created a new frame of economic relations. It brought both positive and negative results which fully showed up in mid 70s. Since then, the crisis of import substitution policy became especially evident amidst the world process of globalization and dynamic formation of worldwide value-added chains. Argentina found itself largely isolated from these trends and came into clinch with the changing external conditions. So, under the rumbling populist and nationalist rhetoric it proceeded into the prolonged recession.
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Román, José Antonio Sánchez. "Economic Elites, Regional Cleavages, and the First Attempts at Introducing the Income Tax in Argentina." Hispanic American Historical Review 89, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-084.

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Abstract This article analyzes Minister Víctor Molina’s 1924 income tax proposal, one of the first attempts to introduce this tax in Argentina, and explores the reasons for its failure. Argentine governments did not show a permanent commitment to fiscal reform during the 1920’s, mainly because the economic situation was not dire and the Treasury was able to finance its deficits through foreign debts due to the good performance of Argentine external sector. Nonetheless, Molina’s proposal was passed by the Chamber of Deputies and therefore it could have been the first income tax law in the country. Public opinion, intellectuals, and economists seemed to be persuaded that income tax was the solution to Argentine fiscal problems. Moreover, some key social sectors like rural or industrial entrepreneurs, without enthusiastically supporting the income tax, were disposed to tolerate it. In this article, I argue that we need a political interpretation of the failure of tax reform during 1920s. Molina’s draft was blocked in the Senate by the majority of the representatives of the interior provinces. In fact, income tax was considered to be a threat to the less affluent provinces of Argentina because it implied a step toward tax centralization and unification. Yet the economic weakness of the interior did not imply political weakness, and the interior provinces were the main obstacle to fiscal reform in Argentina until the 1930s.
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Hoare, R. D., and Nora Sabattini. "Lower Permian Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from Argentina." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 2 (March 2000): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000031413.

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Several polyplacophoran plates are preserved as external molds in the Lower Permian Rio Genoa Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina. These are the first reported Permian polyplacophorans from South America. The new genus and species Asketochiton chubutensis is described based on this material.
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GALVANI, GUILLERMINA, EXEQUIEL GONZÁLEZ, EDUARDO SANABRIA, and LORENA QUIROGA. "The tadpole of Pleurodema nebulosum Burmeister (Anura: Leiuperidae)." Zootaxa 3450, no. 1 (September 4, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3450.1.3.

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The genus Pleurodema Tschudi currently contains fourteen species, ten of them occurring in Argentina (Faivovich et al. 2012). However, Pleurodema nebulosum presents a wide altitudinal and latitudinal geographic range and is only distributed in arid areas of western Argentina, from Catamarca to Río Negro province (Ferraro & Casagranda 2009, Frost 2011). The external morphology was described for the tadpoles of most species of Pleurodema, but the external larval morphology of P. nebulosum was only briefly described by Fernández (1927) and Cei (1980). The aim of this work is to provide a detailed redescription of the external larval features of Pleurodema nebulosum.
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Paola, Analía, Laura Armendáriz, and Alberto Rodrigues-Capítulo. "External ultrastructure of Manayunkia speciosa (Fabriciidae) from Uruguay River, Argentina." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84, no. 2 (June 2013): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7550/rmb.31908.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "External Argentina"

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Sivakumar, Sivalingam. "Dancing on the edge : the dynamics of external debt in the United States, South Korea and Argentina." Title page, table of contents and preface only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms624.pdf.

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Fagundes, Jeferson Mandracio. "A INSERÇÃO ECONÔMICA INTERNACIONAL E A VULNERABILIDADE EXTERNA DO BRASIL E DA ARGENTINA (1990-1999)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9697.

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This study examines the international economic integration of Brazil and Argentina during the period of 1990-1999, and assesses the vulnerability of the two foreign countries. From the evolution of the flows of trade balance (coefficient of openness), the balance of services and capital, is the analysis of international economic integration. The analysis of the current account deficit, of how it is financed, the denationalization of the economy, the balance of international reserves of foreign debt and the coefficient of vulnerability, will assess the behavior of external vulnerability. It follows that the international economic integration of Brazil and Argentina, through the adoption of policies of adjustment recommended by the Washington Consensus, took place in a subordinate and dependent on large economic and financial centers, to the extent that the two countries acted as receivers in the pattern of shortterm, resulting from trade liberalization, supported by the overvalued exchange rate, which caused a structural change in the trade balance, making it the deficit. There was an increase in vulnerability in the two countries, because the external accounts have deteriorated, increased the foreign debt grew and the degree of internationalization of production through greater presence of foreign equity companies, increasing the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of international groups. Moreover, the inadequacy and inconsistency of these policies are also evidenced by the low GDP growth and rising unemployment.
Este estudo analisa a inserção econômica internacional do Brasil e da Argentina, no período de 1990-1999, e avalia a vulnerabilidade externa dos dois países. A partir da evolução dos fluxos da balança comercial (coeficiente de abertura), da balança de serviços e de capitais, é feita a análise da inserção econômica internacional. Com a análise do déficit em conta corrente, da forma com que ele é financiado, da desnacionalização da economia, do saldo das reservas internacionais, do endividamento externo e do coeficiente de vulnerabilidade, será avaliado o comportamento da vulnerabilidade externa. Conclui-se que a inserção econômica internacional de Brasil e Argentina, através da adoção das políticas de ajuste recomendadas pelo Consenso de Washington, deu-se de forma subordinada e dependente aos grandes centros econômicos e financeiros, na medida em que os dois países atuaram como receptores dos fluxos financeiros de curto prazo, resultantes da abertura comercial, apoiadas na sobrevalorização do câmbio, a qual provocou uma mudança estrutural na balança comercial, tornando-a deficitária. Verifica-se que houve um aumento na vulnerabilidade nos dois países, pois as contas externas se deterioraram, aumentou o endividamento externo e cresceu o grau de internacionalização da produção por meio de maior presença de empresas de capital estrangeiro, ampliando a concentração de renda e poder nas mãos de grupos internacionais. Além disso, a inconsistência e a inadequação dessas políticas também são comprovadas pelo baixo crescimento do PIB e pelo aumento do desemprego.
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Costa, Marcelo Fernando Gonzalez da. "As repercussões da política externa argentina do primeiro governo Peron (1946-52) na imprensa Sul-Riograndense." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2004. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1864.

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Esta dissertação analisa as repercussões da política externa do primeiro governo de Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1952), na imprensa do Rio Grande do Sul. Pretendemos compreender como era percebida a política externa Argentina: um país cultural e geograficamente próximo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul porem, tão afastado da nação brasileira, se consideramos suas diferenças históricas escravista e imperial. Por outro lado, o posicionamento que a política externa brasileira adotou no pós-guerra de aproximação e concordância com os Estados Unidos, chocava frontalmente com a proposta autônoma e de confronto com os interesses norte-americanos que a Argentina adotou no período. Assim, nossa atenção recairá no trinômio Argentina -Brasil -Estados Unidos. Para tanto, utilizamos como fonte documental, dois jornais sul-rio-grandenses. Eles são: o Diário de Noticias e o Correio do Povo. A partir destas fontes jornalísticas pretendemos analisar as repercussões da política externa Argentina, identificando e discutindo a avali
This text analyzes the repercussions of the external politics of the first government of Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1952), in the press of Rio Grande do Sul. Intends to understand as she was perceived the external politics Argentina: a cultural country and geographically next to the State of the Rio Grande Do Sul to put, so moved away from the Brazilian nation, if we consider its historical differences between slave period and imperial. On the other hand, the positioning that the Brazilian external politics adopted in the postwar period of approach and agreement with the United States, shocked with the proposal independent and of confrontation with the North American interests that Argentina adopted in the period. Thus, our attention will fall again into the trinômio Argentina - Brazil - United States. For in such a way, we use as documentary source, two periodicals sul-rio-grandenses. They are: Daily of the News and the Post office of the People. To leave of these journalistic sources we intend to analyze the
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Goldin, Adrián O. "Reforma y contrarreforma laboral en Argentina, crónica simple de un proceso pendular." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116205.

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Labor reform and counter-reform in Argentina, simple chronic of a pendulum processAfter placing it in the context of the processes of labor reforms produced in Latin America in the early 90’s (its inspiration, its dynamics, its actors), the article considers in particular the case of Argentina. Inthat assignment, it examines the labor reforms that took place there from dominant perspectives - external flexibility, internal flexibility, reduction and variation of costs, collective labor relations - confirming a strong deregulated activism in the field of individual relations, while it was verified a high administrative interventionism of decentralized bias with a limited institutional transformation in collective relations.At the end of that decade, it had already been clear that those strategies haven’t had a virtuous effect on the social labor situation or the labor market. In this context, a new government that comes into power in 2003, leaves without effect a good part of those reforms and instead it undertakes a process of institutional reconfiguration of the legal system of labor protection: a systematic increase of the Living Wage, strengthening of the collective wage bargaining - with the consequent tendential improvement of wages of workers in the formal sector - and, by virtue of parliamentary initiatives, a sequence of introduction of micro-reforms always oriented to increase the protection of workers, which as a whole would have to involve a remarkable recovery of the tutelary bias of labor regulations.
El artículo analiza la reforma argentina en el contexto de los procesos de las reformas laborales producidas en América Latina en la década de los noventa (su inspiración, su dinámica, sus actores). En ese cometido, examina las reformas laborales que tuvieron lugar allí desde las perspectivasdominantes —la flexibilidad externa, la flexibilidad interna, la reducción y variabilización de los costos, las relaciones colectivas del trabajo— constatándose un fuerte activismo desregulador en el campo de las relaciones individuales, en tanto se verificaba un alto intervencionismo administrativo de sesgo descentralizador con escasa transformación institucional en el de las relaciones colectivas.Al final de aquella década había quedado ya en evidencia que esas estrategias no habían tenido un efecto virtuoso sobre la situación socio-laboral ni sobre el mercado de trabajo. En ese contexto, un nuevo Gobierno, que accede al poder en 2003, deja sin efecto buena parte de aquellas reformas y emprende en cambio un proceso de reconfiguración institucional del sistema legal de protección del trabajo: incremento sistemático del Salario Mínimo Vital, fortalecimiento de la negociación colectiva salarial —con la consiguiente tendencial mejora de los salarios de los trabajadores del sector formal– y, envirtud de iniciativas parlamentarias, una secuencia de introducción de microreformas siempre orientadas a intensificar la protección de los trabajadores que en su conjunto habrían de implicar una notable recuperación del sesgo tutelar del ordenamiento laboral.
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Botega, Leonardo da Rocha. "BRASIL, ARGENTINA E A QUESTÃO CUBANA (1959-1964): QUANDO A INDEPENDÊNCIA FAZ A UNIÃO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9710.

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The historical moment in which Brazil and Argentina passed through, at the same time, the experience of independent external politics of the Argentine President Arturo Frondizi (1961-1964), and the Brazilian Presidents, Jânio Quadros and João Goulart (1961-1964), has established a decisive time for the international relations between these countries. Through the circumstances of that time, common points were the principle of autodetermination of the peoples and non-interference, the national developmentism, the international trade relations, the discussion about the exchange rate growing worse, the hankering for industrialization, and the being sought after Latin America integration. So, the independent external politics stood as the main base for getting both of these countries nearer. Such unit and its independent external politics of both Brazil and Argentina had undergone an ultimate test, the Cuban Question. Acting against to it, the United States government, as the president Dwight Eisenhower as the president John Kennedy later, sought how to put it into the Inter-American system boundary lines, defining it as opposed to this. From this definition, they got to impose sanction or even to militarily intervene on the Caribbean island. Notwithstanding the external or internal pressure, as Arturo Frondizi government of Argentina as Jânio Quadros and João Goulart government of Brazil stood to their independent position reaffirming the principles of non-intervention and auto-determination of the peoples, as well as defending the international right. The highlight was the tensest of this time, the VIII Reunião de Consulta dos Ministros de Relações Exteriores da Organização dos Estados Americanos, held in Punta Del Este, Uruguai, from January 23 to 30, 1962, the last act together by external politics of Argentina and Brazil independently.
O momento histórico em que Brasil e Argentina vivenciaram, ao mesmo tempo, a experiência das políticas externas independentes dos governos do presidente argentino Arturo Frondizi (1958-1962) e dos presidentes brasileiros, Jânio Quadros e João Goulart (1961-1964) constitui-se de um momento único nas relações internacionais entre estes dois países. Naquela conjuntura, tiveram como pontos em comum os princípios de autodeterminação dos povos e de não-intervenção, o desenvolvimentismo, a universalização das relações comerciais, a crítica a deterioração dos termos de troca, o desejo de industrialização e a busca da integração latino-americana. Assim, as políticas externas independentes constituíram o principal pilar da aproximação entre os dois países. Esta unidade e as sua políticas externas independentes de Brasil e Argentina tiveram como teste fundamental a Questão Cubana. Em contraposição a ela, o governo dos Estados Unidos, tanto sobre a presidência de Dwight Eisenhower como, posteriormente, com a presidência de John Kennedy, procuraram inseri-la dentro dos marcos do sistema interamericano, definindo-a como em oposição a este. A partir desta definição, passaram a impor sanções ou até mesmo intervir militarmente na ilha caribenha. Mesmo diante de pressões internas e externas, tanto o governo argentino de Arturo Frondizi, como os presidentes Jânio Quadros e João Goulart mantiveram as suas posições independentes, reafirmando em todos os momentos os princípios de não-intervenção e autodeterminação dos povos, bem como, a defesa do direito internacional, com destaque especial para o mais tenso destes momentos, a VIII Reunião de Consulta dos Ministros de Relações Exteriores da Organização dos Estados Americanos, realizada em Punta del Este, no Uruguai, entre os dias 23 e 30 janeiro de 1962, o último ato conjunto das políticas externas independentes de Brasil e Argentina.
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Ramon-Berjano, Carola B. "Socio-economic disparities in Argentina and Brazil : origins, evolution and external variables that affect regional convergence : the implications for integrated areas." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2404/.

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This thesis studies regional economic disparities both within individual countries as well as between countries. The main objective is to determine whether regional disparities converge automatically through time and, if this is not the rule, whether regional policies are needed. This thesis argues that disparities, far from converging automatically, can persist not only through time but also be affected by policies and external factors. The issue of convergence of regional incomes becomes significant when considering the case of integrated areas. In this thesis I study the potential effects that the deepening of MERCOSUR will have on disparities both between as well as within the member countries by focusing on Argentina and Brazil, the two largest countries within the area, up until the late 1990s. In order to analyse disparities within integrated areas, the European Union will be considered as a frame of reference. I show that although regional policies appear to have favoured convergence, this has not been as significant as expected, particularly within the regions. In addition, Argentina and Brazil will be analysed, and I trace the origin of national disparities to late colonial times. Further, regional disparities within both countries have not shown any major trends towards convergence over the centuries. Moreover, political and macroeconomic factors do seem to have an incidence in the process of regional convergence within those countries. Also, different subperiods display convergence and divergence. Both the European Union experience as well as that of Argentina and Brazil indicate that disparities were not reduced automatically as neo-classical economics predict. I also refer to macroeconomic and political factors having an impact in the process of convergence, diverting these regions away from their convergence paths. Another important factor in the automatic process of convergence as described in neo-classical economics is the interregional mobility of factors. However, this does not seem to have been the case for either the European Union or Argentina and Brazil. The thesis seeks to provide an insight into how disparities evolve through time and its conclusions will not only be useful in terms of regional policy planning in Argentina and Brazil but also in the process of deepening in MERCOSUR and a possible Latin American integration. The comparison with the European Union experience provides a more general frame of reference for other integration schemes around the world. The conclusions should provide a better insight into the problem of unbalanced growth not only for individual countries but also for integrated areas.
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Balbé, Fabiane Frois. "APLICAÇÃO DO MODELO DE THIRLWALL PARA A ARGENTINA E O BRASIL DE 1992-2006." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9692.

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In the 90 s, Argentina and Brazil went through economical stabilization reforms, commercial flexibility and an integration in the prevailing external trade. In this context, this work aims at analyzing if the exports and imports are affected by changes both in the intern and extern income for the two economies from 1992 to 2006. Based on the Thirlwall Increase Model and using the literature techniques of unit root and co-integration, the long-term balance among the variables was tested: exportation and external income, importation and internal income. The Error Correction Mechanism was determined and in case of a serial autocorrelation, such a problem is corrected with Gauss Newton algorithm. For the economies studied it was concluded that exportations and importations are affected by changes in the external and internal incomes respectively. Brazil presented a higher importation flexibility-income than an exportation one, while Argentina showed a lower importation flexibility-income than an exportation one.
Na década de 90 a, Argentina e o Brasil, passaram por reformas de estabilização econômica, flexibilização comercial e maior integração na corrente de comércio exterior. Sob esse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é verificar se as exportações e as importações são afetadas por variações, na renda externa e interna, para as duas economias no período de 1992 a 2006. Inspirando-se no Modelo de Crescimento de Thirlwall e utilizando técnicas da literatura de raiz unitária e co-integração, testa-se o equilíbrio de longo prazo entre as variáveis: exportação e renda externa, importação e renda interna. Estima-se o Mecanismo de Correção de Erros e no caso de presença de autocorrelação serial, corrige-se tal problema com a estimação pelo algoritmo de Gauss Newton. Conclui-se para as economias em estudo que as exportações e importações são afetadas por variações das respectivas rendas externa e interna. O Brasil apresentou elasticidade-renda das importações maior que a elasticidade-renda das exportações, ao passo que a Argentina demonstrou elasticidade-renda das importações menor que a elasticidade renda das exportações.
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Balardin, Rafael. "As relações Brasil-Argentina (1974-1991) : aproximação, cooperação e integração na transição de regime militar para a democracia e o neoliberalismo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14397.

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Este estudo apresenta reflexões a respeito de Brasil e Argentina no período compreendido entre os anos de 1974 e 1991. Está dividido em três partes: o regime militar, a democratização e os governos neoliberais. Em cada um dos períodos, foram analisadas as condições internas de cada país, as relações bilaterais e as intenções e os projetos de cooperação e integração. As diferenças e semelhanças políticas e econômicas de cada país são consideradas como condicionantes da postura destes entre si e ante o cenário internacional. O trabalho tenta contribuir mostrando os avanços e os retrocessos nas relações bilaterais e a mudança de rumos que tais relações tiveram, centrando-se então no processo de aproximação, cooperação e integração para posteriormente a formação do Mercosul.
This study presents some reflexions about the relations between Brazil and Argentina during the period comprehended by the years 1974 to 1991. It’s divided in three parts: the military regimen, the democratization and the neoliberal governments. In each one of the periods, had been analyzed the internal conditions of the each country, the bilateral relations and the intention and the projects of the cooperation and integration. The differences and similarities politics and economics of the each country are considered how cause of the posture of these between itself and before the international scene. The work tries to contribute showing the advances and the retrocessions in the bilateral relations and the change of routes that such relations had had, centering then in the process of the approximation, cooperation and integration for later the formation of the Mercosul.
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Bou, Quibar Augusto. "Sector externo argentino y australiano." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2014. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/6696.

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Se pretende comparar distintos aspectos del sector externo argentino con el australiano desde el año 2003 hasta el 2013. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es encontrar diferencias (en caso de que existan) entre los sectores externos argentino y australiano que justifiquen por qué se percibía, durante el año 2013, que Argentina tenía desajustes en dicho sector y Australia no.
Fil: Bou Quibar, Augusto. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
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Santos, Rodrigo de Jesus. "Brasil e Argentina : entre conflito, desconfiança e cooperação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Giorgio Romano Schutte
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2016.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a política externa argentina e suas percepções sobre o Brasil, mais precisamente entre as décadas de 1980 e 2005. O objetivo é confirmar a hipótese de que a visão argentina em relação à política externa brasileira no período citado, não tem sido de confrontação e contestação, mas sim, de distintas interpretações da realidade interna e externa. A redemocratização trouxe consigo a reaproximação entre ambos e o reconhecimento do papel que os dois países têm a desempenhar na América do Sul, construindo a partir dessa relação estratégica, uma oportunidade para o aumento de sua presença no mundo.
The present work aims to expatiate about argentinian foreign policy and their perceptions about Brazil, more precisely between the 1980s and 2005s. The goal is to confirm the hypothesis that the argentinian view towards brazilian foreign policy in that mentioned period, has not been of confrontation and contest, but indeed, from distincts interpretations from internal and external reality. The redemocratization brought with it the approaching between both, and the acknowledged of the role that the two countries have to play in South America, raising from this strategic relationship, an opportunity to increase its presence in the world.
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Books on the topic "External Argentina"

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Conesa, Eduardo R. La deuda externa Argentina puede pagarse? Buenos Aires: Fundación Universidad de Belgrano, 1988.

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Rodríguez, Carlos A. La deuda externa argentina. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Macroeconómicos de Argentina, 1986.

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Drimer, Roberto L. La deuda externa: Propuesta para la República Argentina. Buenos Aires: Centro Editor de América Latina, 1990.

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Hernández, Héctor H. Justicia y "deuda externa" argentina. Santa Fe, República Argentina: Editorial Universidad Católica Santa Fe, 1988.

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Martinec, Andrés E. Chmelik. Argentina país acreedor. [Buenos Aires]: Ediciones Nueva República Argentina, 2008.

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Martinec, Andrés E. Chmelik. Argentina país acreedor. [Buenos Aires]: Ediciones Nueva República Argentina, 2008.

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Argentina país acreedor. [Buenos Aires]: Ediciones Nueva República Argentina, 2008.

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Kulfas, Matías. La deuda externa argentina: Diagnóstico y lineamientos propositivos para su reestructuración. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Fundación OSDE, 2003.

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Fernando, Vaca Narvaja, ed. Existe otra Argentina posible. Buenos Aires: E. González Olguin, 1986.

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Basualdo, Eduardo M. Deuda externa y poder económico en la Argentina. [Buenos Aires]: Editorial Nueva America, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "External Argentina"

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Alagia, Ricardo. "The External Debt." In Great Power Relations in Argentina, Chile and Antarctica, 131–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10075-0_8.

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Rougier, Marcelo, Juan Odisio, and James Brennan. "Foreign Capital as a Response to External Constraints (1950–1962)." In Industry and Development in Argentina, 170–214. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003351627-6.

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Riggirozzi, Maria Pia. "Argentina: State Capacity and Leverage in External Negotiations." In Power and Politics After Financial Crises, 125–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230235366_6.

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Szusterman, Celia. "Government and Society: the External Constraints. The Third Aim: ‘Social Peace’." In Frondizi and the Politics of Developmentalism in Argentina, 1955–62, 168–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10516-8_8.

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Tussie, Diana, and María Fernanda Tuozzo. "Shooting for Reform. The Interplay of External and Domestic Constraints in Argentina." In Public Policy in the Age of Globalization, 23–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403914316_2.

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Felder, Ruth. "South American Post-neoliberalism and External Imbalances: The Case of Argentina, 2003–2014." In Beyond Free Trade, 229–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137412737_13.

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Durán Matute, Inés, and Mariano Féliz. "Authoritarianism and Developmentalism Framing 'Progressive' Governments in Mexico and Argentina." In Edition Politik, 197–218. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462096-013.

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In the past years, a new wave of progressive governments emerged in the Latin America region. Andrés Manuel López Obrador (Mexico, 2018), Alberto Fernández (Argentina, 2019), Pedro Castillo (Perú, 2021), and Gabriel Boric (Chile, 2022) present themselves as 'democratic' candidates in opposition to authoritarian and right-wing governments. In the eyes of many, this turn still represents hope, a way to confront oppressions and inequalities, strengthen democracy, promote development, and achieve social justice. Their contradictions or 'betrayals' are seen as errors, individual mishaps, or even as external intrusions; they are never understood as the result of a violent and oppressive process of 'othering' within the logic of accumulation rooted in the capitalist state. Mexico and Argentina exemplify this particular form of how capitalism operates in Latin America today. These countries illustrate how the production and reproduction of capital combine violence and extractivism, authoritarianism, and developmentalism via the state's use of 'progressive' rhetoric. Inspired by state derivation theorists, this chapter aims to answer the following questions: do progressive strategies differ from those of the far-right? Does this kind of government impact the form of the state differently? Or is it that both progressive and right-wing, are these two facets equally necessary to reproduce capitalist social relations?
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Chacón, M., C. Sanhueza, and R. B. Panerai. "Dynamic Estimation of Non Invasive Intracranial Pressure Using SVM with External Recurrences." In VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014, 904–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13117-7_229.

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Barozet, Emmanuelle, Marcelo Boado, and Ildefonso Marqués-Perales. "The Measurement of Social Stratification: Comparative Perspectives Between Europe and Latin America." In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 171–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_6.

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AbstractThis chapter analyses compared social stratification in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) and four European countries (Finland, France, Spain, Great Britain). We focus on both external and internal borders of social classes, as well as on the challenges posed by their analysis for sociology. We compare social classes using EGP6 in relation to a variety of social indicators, to examine how social classes vary among countries. We include debates on production models and welfare state policies to understand the specific configurations and compare the conditions of some of the INCASI countries regarding social stratification. Lastly, we apply a latent class analysis to validate the number of social classes and to recognise class boundaries.
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Frenkel, Roberto, and Martín González Rozada. "Argentina: Balance‐Of‐Payments Liberalization: Effects on Growth, Employment and Income." In External Liberalization, Economic Performance and Social Policy, 57–98. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195145465.003.0003.

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Conference papers on the topic "External Argentina"

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Picco, Alicia María, María Angélica Ferrandi, Nora Daruich, and Eugenia Rittatore. "Education official data university assessment within the school of civil engineering, universidad nacional de rosario." In Statistics education for Progress: Youth and Official Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.1531102.

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Since the 90s, higher education started to be assessed in Latin America as a means to attain quality and excellence, being this considered a public asset, such features have become relevant for the development of qualified professionals and country competitiveness. Information surveys on this subject are mainly performed by institutions which are external to universities or by surveying students, who have become the main assessors. Argentina's Act on higher education, Educación Superior Argentina No 24.521, defines the mandatory status of internal and external assessments on university education quality, on faculty performance and the excellence of the curricula. In the framework of the Universidad Nacional de Rosario, the School of Civil Engineering of the Exact Sciences, Engineering and Surveying College) (Escuela de Ingeniería Civil de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura) has set up a Commission for Curricula Traceability, for which an assessment is in progress.
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Deiana, Susana M., and Inés Tonelli. "Fenomeno de periferización urbana: multiplataforma de prestaciones sociales." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6113.

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La urbanización actual es un fenómeno de naturaleza indudablemente compleja, en ella puede reconocerse cierta homogenización formal y funcional de territorios debido a los modos de crecimiento propios de procesos globales de fragmentación y segregación socio espacial. Cada ciudad comparte características con otras ciudades, sin embargo, manifiesta particularidades propias que deben ser interpretadas desde la mirada urbano-arquitectónica del Nuevo Urbanismo. Esto significa centrarse en las relaciones espaciales-sociales que conforman el espacio público. En el contexto de esta problemática global-local se pone a consideración un estudio de la las periferias -internas y externas- que forman parte de las nuevas geografías urbanas de la Ciudad de San Juan, Argentina, propio de los procesos contemporáneos. En él se expone la estrategia proyectual central para la articulación urbanística y social, con el propósito de contrarrestar el fenómeno de periferización y desigualdad socio-espacial, dado por el proceso de ocupación no sustentable de la planta urbana. Current urbanization is undoubtedly a phenomenon of complex nature, in it certain formal and functional homogenization of territories are recognized due to growth modes brought on by global fragmentation processes and socio-spatial segregations. Each city shares characteristics with other cities, however, each one manifests its own characteristics that must be interpreted from the urban- architectural look of New Urbanism. This means focusing on socio-spatial relations that make up the public space. In the context of this global-local problematic a study is set to consider internal and external peripheries that are part of the new urban geographies of the City of San Juan, Argentina, due to contemporary processes. In it the central design strategy for the urban and social articulation is exposed, in order to counteract the phenomenon of peripheralization and socio-spatial inequality, given by the process of unsustainable occupation of the urban plant.
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Segura Contreras, Ramon Guillermo. "El espacio subterráneo como recurso y componente de la ciudad contemporánea latinoamericana: casos de estudio: Buenos Aires, Argentina y Santiago de Chile." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6182.

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La actual complejidad de la dinámica urbana en Latinoamérica produce una serie de transformaciones que se ve reflejada en diferentes problemáticas con las que debe enfrentarse el ser humano. Debido a esto es necesario analizar, diseñar y construir la ciudad no como un elemento aislado, sino como un sistema que forma parte de otros sistemas, ya que su buen funcionamiento depende tanto de factores internos como externos. En este contexto, el espacio subterráneo es un recurso en potencia que aún no ha sido aprovechado ni explorado en su totalidad. Diversas ciudades contemporáneas presentan limitaciones de territorio, de crecimiento o de clima extremo, y es allí donde podemos encontrar ejemplos de cómo se integran las dimensiones subterráneas con el fin de complementar y multiplicar espacios, actividades y relaciones en la ciudad. The current complexity of urban dynamics in Latin America produces a series of transformations that is reflected on different problems that humans have to face. Because of this, it becomes necessary to analyze, design and build the city not as an isolated element, but as a system that is part of other systems, since its proper functioning depends on both internal and external factors. In this context, the underground space remains a potential resource that has not yet been exploited, nor fully explored. Several contemporary cities have limitations of territory, growth or extreme weather, and this is where we can find examples of how the underground dimensions are integrated in order to complement and multiply spaces, activities and relations in the city.
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Toscano, Rita G., Chris M. Timms, Eduardo N. Dvorkin, and Duane D. DeGeer. "Determination of the Collapse and Propagation Pressure of Ultra-Deepwater Pipelines." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37339.

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In the design of ultra-deepwater steel pipelines, it is important to be able to determine the pipe behaviour while subjected to external pressure and bending. In many cases, the ultra-deepwater lay process, where these high loads exist, governs the structural design of the pipeline. Much work has been performed in this area, and it is generally recognized that there is a lack of test data on full-scale samples of line pipe from which analyses can be accurately benchmarked. This paper presents the results of a nil-scale test program and finite element analyses performed on seamless steel line pipe samples intended for ultra-deepwater applications. The work involved obtaining full-scale test data and further enhancing existing finite element analysis models to accurately predict the collapse and post-collapse response of ultra-deepwater pipelines. The work and results represent a continuing effort aimed at understanding the behaviour of pipes subjected to external pressure and bending, accounting for the numerous variables influencing pipeline collapse, and predicting collapse and post-collapse behaviour with increasing confidence. The test program was performed at C-FER Technologies (C-FER), Canada, with the analyses undertaken by the Center for Industrial Research (CINI), Argentina. The results of this work have demonstrated very good agreement between the finite element predictions and the laboratory observations. This allows increased confidence in using the finite element models to predict collapse and post-collapse behaviour of pipelines subject to external pressure and bending.
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Celovsky, A., B. Noye, and R. Eager. "Material Surveillance of CANDU Zirconium 2.5%Wt Niobium Pressure Tubes." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93457.

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There are 26 operating CANDU nuclear power plants, varying in size from 540 to 880 MW(e). The majority (18) of these plants are located in Canada, with others located in Argentina, Korea, China, and Romania. These plants entered commercial service at various times between 1971 and 2003. As such, some of the plants are more than 30 years old. In addition, there are new plants under construction and some older plants under refurbishment. Each plant contains between 380 and 480 fuel channels, for a total of almost 11,000 fuel channels currently in-service. A fuel channel is comprised a Zr-2.5%Nb pressure tube, stainless steel endfittings, a zircaloy-2 calandria tube, and a series of annulus spacers (Figure 1). The pressure tube serves to: i) Support and locate the nuclear fuel bundles, ii) Form part of the pressure boundary of the heavy water coolant system, and iii) Provide an additional boundary between the nuclear fuel and the external environment.
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Júnior Brum de MELO, Gilmar, Kandice de Alencar ANDRADE, Elen de Lima AGUIAR-MENEZES, Vânia GONÇALVES-ESTEVE, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira MENDONÇA, and Gabrielle Reboredo Menezes VIEIRA. "GRÃOS DE PÓLEN INGERIDOS POR MACHOS E FÊMEAS DE CHRYSOPERLA EXTERNA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) COLETADOS EM BRACHIARIA SP." In IV Simpósio ABC: Argentina-Brasil-Cuba. Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/ivsimposioabc.238175.

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Aguerre, Juan Francisco, Carlos Cartelli, and Mauricio Anigstein. "Incorporación de un eje externo en robots manipuladores: Análisis de redundancia." In 2016 IEEE Biennial Congress of Argentina (ARGENCON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/argencon.2016.7585303.

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Bolay, Jean-Claude, and Eléonore Labattut. "Sustainable development, planning and poverty alleviation." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/dogy3890.

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In 2018, the world population is around 7.6 billion, 4.2 billion in urban settlements and 3.4 billion in rural areas. Of this total, according to UN-Habitat, 3.2 billion of urban inhabitants live in southern countries. Of them, one billion, or nearly a third, live in slums. Urban poverty is therefore an endemic problem that has not been solved despite all initiatives taken to date by public and private sectors. This global transformation of our contemporary societies is particularly challenging in Asia and Africa, knowing that on these two continents, less than half of the population currently lives in urban areas. In addition, over the next decades, 90% of the urbanization process will take place in these major regions of the world. Urban planning is not an end in itself. It is a way, human and technological, to foresee the future and to act in a consistent and responsible way in order to guarantee the wellbeing of the populations residing in cities or in their peripheries. Many writers and urban actors in the South have criticized the inadequacy of urban planning to the problems faced by the cities confronting spatial and demographic growth. For many of them the reproduction of Western models of planning is ineffective when the urban context responds to very different logics. It is therefore a question of reinventing urban planning on different bases. And in order to address the real problems that urban inhabitants and authorities are facing, and offering infrastructures and access to services for all, this with the prospect of reducing poverty, to develop a more inclusive city, with a more efficient organization, in order to make it sustainable, both environmental than social and economic. The field work carried out during recent years in small and medium-sized cities in Burkina Faso, Brazil, Argentina and Vietnam allows us to focus the attention of specialists and decision makers on intermediate cities that have been little studied but which are home to half of the world's urban population. From local diagnoses, we come to a first conclusion. Many small and medium-sized cities in the South can be considered as poor cities, from four criteria. They have a relatively large percentage of the population is considered to be poor; the local government and its administration do not have enough money to invest in solving the problems they face; these same authorities lack the human resources to initiate and manage an efficient planning process; urban governance remains little open to democratic participation and poorly integrates social demand into its development plans. Based on this analysis, we consider it is imperative to renovate urban planning as part of a more participatory process that meets the expectations of citizens with more realistic criteria. This process incorporates different stages: an analysis grounded on the identification of urban investment needed to improve the city; the consideration of the social demands; a realistic assessment of the financial resources to be mobilized (municipal budget, taxes, public and international external grants, public private partnership); a continuous dialogue between urban actors to determine the urban priorities to be addressed in the coming years. This protocol serves as a basis for comparative studies between cities in the South and a training program initiated in Argentina for urban actors in small and medium sized cities, which we wish to extend later to other countries of the South
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Susilo, Muhammad Edy, and Prayudi Prayudi. "Small Business Communication Strategy in Facing Crisis." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.196.

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Crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a worldwide crisis. Various sectors of life are affected by this crisis, including small businesses. This research reveals how the producer of Batik "Dewi Kunthi" Sleman, Yogyakarta, which is a micro-enterprise, survives the crisis. Researchers used qualitative methods by digging data in depth from critical sources, making observations, and looking for relevant literature. This research used Paul Argenti's concept in overcoming crises and Harold Lasswell's Model of Communication. The results showed that the group experienced frustration when hit by a crisis. None of the consumers bought their product, and the production process stopped for nearly two months. However, they seemed to have the toughness to face a crisis. They not only used the steps suggested by Argenti in dealing with the crisis but also went beyond it. Dewi Kunthi Batik Group diversifies its products and intensifies communication both internally and externally.
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Silva, Ana Paula da. "O governo militar de João Figueiredo e as mudanças na política externa brasileira: a superação da rivalidade Brasil/Argentina na área nuclear." In IV Congresso Internacional de História. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História e Departamento de História - Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/4cih.pphuem.675.

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Reports on the topic "External Argentina"

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Kaminsky, Graciela, Amine Mati, and Nada Choueiri. Thirty Years of Currency Crises in Argentina: External Shocks or Domestic Fragility? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15478.

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Fajgelbaum, Pablo, and Stephen Redding. External Integration, Structural Transformation and Economic Development: Evidence from Argentina 1870-1914. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20217.

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Zelicovich, Julieta, and Guido Zack. Evaluación institucional de la política comercial externa: El caso de Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002792.

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Rios, Sandra Polónia, Pedro Da Motta Veiga, Lúcia Maduro, and Fernando José Ribeiro. Informe MERCOSUL 2020: Sob a pressão da agenda externa. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002851.

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Esta edição do Informe MERCOSUL cobre o ano de 2019 e o primeiro semestre de 2020. Durante esse período, Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai assumiram sucessivamente a Presidencia ProTempore do bloco. Desse modo, o Informe analisa a evolução do cenário comercial nos países do MERCOSUL e a agenda interna e externa do bloco.
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Rios, Sandra Polónia, Pedro da Motta Veiga, Lúcia Maduro, and Fernando José Ribeiro. Informe MERCOSUL 2020: Sob a pressão da agenda externa (Resumo executivo). Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002932.

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Esta edição do Informe MERCOSUL cobre o ano de 2019 e o primeiro semestre de 2020. Durante esse período, Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai assumiram sucessivamente a Presidência ProTempore do bloco. Desse modo, o Informe analisa a evolução do cenário comercial nos países do MERCOSUL e a agenda interna e externa do bloco.
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Paolera, Gerardo della, and Alan Taylor. Internal Versus External Convertibility and Developing-Country FinancialCrises: Lessons from the Argentine Bank Bailout of the 1930's. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7386.

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Pena, Celina, Romina Gayá, and Gustavo Svarzman. Informe Mercosur No. 25: 2022: el devenir del MERCOSUR: claves internas y externa. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004450.

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Desde el Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe (INTAL), del sector de Integración y Comercio (INT), del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) trabajamos las temáticas vinculadas a la consolidación de los procesos de integración de la región, y el fortalecimiento de las políticas comerciales, siendo uno de los tres ejes centrales y de mayor trayectoria que caracteriza históricamente al Instituto. La presente edición del Informe MERCOSUR analiza la situación del bloque durante el segundo semestre 2020 y el año 2021, cuando ejercieron las Presidencias Pro Tempore Paraguay, Argentina y Brasil. En este período continuaron los trabajos de manera remota por las restricciones a la movilidad derivadas de la pandemia, dinámica que dificultó la búsqueda de consensos entre los socios, pero no impidió alcanzar acuerdos en diversos asuntos de la agenda del bloque. El informe describe y analiza la evolución del comercio y las inversiones en la región, los principales temas tratados en las diferentes agendas negociadoras (interna y externa), así como los desafíos del bloque en materia de comercio y medio ambiente.
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Jaureguiberry, Florencia, and Mariano Tappatá. Exportaciones de cerezas en Argentina: el rol de la coordinación público-privada. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003938.

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El crecimiento exponencial de las exportaciones de cerezas en Argentina en los últimos años se fundamenta tanto en factores externos como internos al sector. Las buenas condiciones del mercado global fueron acompañadas por la reconversión de empresas y por el desarrollo de mecanismos de coordinación entre las instituciones públicas y privadas. Este trabajo se enfoca en dos elementos internos al sector más relevantes para explicar el boom exportador. Por un lado, se describe el proceso de entrada de nuevos jugadores verticalmente integrados y la modernización tecnológica de los productores tradicionales. Por otro lado, se detallan los mecanismos institucionales que favorecieron la coordinación entre las instituciones públicas y privadas, y su rol para acompañar y potenciar el proceso de reconversión sectorial. En particular, la Cámara Argentina de Productores de Cerezas Integrados (CAPCI) tuvo un rol crítico en la coordinación de actividades entre las empresas y los gobiernos provinciales y nacional para la apertura del pujante mercado chino y la generación de otros bienes públicos. A pesar de las reformas internas y del constante aumento de la demanda global de cerezas de contra-estación, la competitividad internacional del sector se encuentra muy vulnerable. La falta de financiamiento, la inestabilidad de las políticas de Estado, así como también a la legislación laboral, y la política tributaria y comercial del país ponen en peligro nuevas inversiones y la expansión del área cultivada.
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Innovative and Entrepreneurial Universities in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004542.

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The review examines how higher education institutions are supporting innovation and entrepreneurship in their surrounding communities. The study focuses on eleven universities located in six countries in Latin America: Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The study finds that selected institutions are actively supporting entrepreneurs (university students, but also local entrepreneurs) through courses, incubation and acceleration activities. It also shows that universities are actively engaging with external stakeholders in their surrounding communities, to spur innovation through joint-research, organisation of events (such as festivals, competition). It finds that that while COVID-19 pandemic brought about some challenges, universities managed to stay afloat and keep a steady stream of support to entrepreneurs and partners. The review also illustrates the challenges that universities face when developing these activities (lack of funding, unclear regulation for intellectual property development, etc.) and highlights some opportunities that universities should leverage, particularly in the current context.
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