Dissertations / Theses: 'Extent of use'

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Vetchagool, Witchulada. "The impact of the extent of activity-based costing use and the extent of ISO 9000 implementation on organisational performance." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:15194.

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Activity-based costing (ABC) is one of the most-researched management accounting areas that can improve organisational performance (OP). However, the studies on ABC and its impact on OP were still deficient and contradictory. Furthermore, ABC might be the most advantageous approaches used concurrently with ISO 9000. This study aims to investigate the impact of the extent of ABC use and the extent of ISO 9000 implementation on OP in order to identify the role of ABC and ISO 9000 in improving OP, and, in addition, to assess the combined effects of ABC and ISO 9000 on OP. Two conceptual models were developed to illustrate the relationships between variables. There were 601 usable questionnaires (19.36 percent) received; 191 organisations that adopted both ABC and ISO 9000 compared to 410 organisations that adopted only ISO 9000. Three data analysis techniques were employed: exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM). EFA and CFA results provide evidence that the extent of ABC use (CA: cost analysis, CS: cost strategy, CE: cost evaluation), the extent of ISO 9000 implementation (MP: management principle, CP: Cooperation principle) and organisational performance (OPP: operational performance, FP: financial performance) are multidimensional. SEM results indicate the extent of ABC use directly improves OPP and subsequently indirectly improves FP through OPP. On the other hand, the extent of ISO 9000 implementation of organisations that adopted only ISO 9000 improves neither OPP nor FP. However, the management principle (MP) of organisations that adopted both ABC and ISO 9000 can directly improve both OPP and FP, and subsequently indirectly improve FP through OPP. The result implies a potential synergy effect of ABC and ISO 9000, which extends the body of knowledge of management accounting and quality management research.

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Martin, Gary P. "The Extent of Drug Use among High School Seniors in Tennessee, April 1985." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1986. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2725.

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The purpose of this study was to obtain information relative to the extent of drug use by high school seniors in Tennessee. Patterns of drug use were obtained by using a questionnaire/opinionnaire developed by Bachman, Johnston, and O'Malley of the Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan. The review of literature focused on patterns of drug use by seniors throughout the nation using the same questionnaire/opinionnaire. The results of the national survey were compared with the findings in Tennessee. The questionnaire was administered to a stratified random sample of 450 seniors in 15 randomly selected high schools in West, Middle, and East Tennessee. The State Department of Education was utilized to select the 15 participating schools. Thirty students, 15 males and 15 females from each school, were selected by using a table of random numbers. A guidance counselor or other designated individual in each school was responsible for administering the questionnaire. The data obtained provided information regarding the extent of drug use by high school seniors in Tennessee. The study revealed that seniors in Tennessee use alcohol less on a lifetime and yearly basis compared with seniors throughout the nation. Monthly rates of alcohol utilization were practically the same. The study further showed that high school seniors in Tennessee were less likely to use marijuana on a lifetime, yearly and monthly basis than seniors in other high schools in the nation and less likely to use stimulants on a lifetime basis. The use of barbiturates, LSD, cocaine and heroin could not be statistically analyzed because of a lack of responses to the survey questions. Additional conclusions drawn as a result of the study are summarized as follows: (1) The main reasons seniors in Tennessee used drugs were: to experiment, to relieve tension, to get high, and to have a good time with friends. (2) The situations in which seniors in Tennessee used drugs were: at home, or at a party, on a date, with one or two other people, and in a car. (3) The drugs most abused in Tennessee were alcohol and marijuana. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

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Beairsto, James Atley Bruce. "Intermediate computer use : a survey of the nature and extent of computer use in intermediate classrooms in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26362.

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The use of computers at all levels in the educational system in British Columbia has been expanding rapidly despite a noticeable lack of provincial direction and support. With increasing funding this expansion can be expected to continue and even to accelerate. As computer-based instruction becomes more prevalent the need for programs of in-service training becomes increasingly important. This study reports the results of a survey of the nature and extent of computer use in intermediate classrooms in British Columbia. It was conducted to collect the descriptive baseline data necessary to design an in-service program. The study also examines the educational motivations for computer-based instruction cited by teachers. Data was collected using a province-wide mail questionnaire distributed in December 1985 and a series of telephone interviews in April, May and June of 1986. The results indicate that: a) There is great diversity in the availablity of hardware and software across the province. b) There is great diversity in the experience and training level of teachers across the province. c) In general, computer access is severely limited. d) In general, intermediate teachers have minimal training in the educational use of computers. In general, intermediate teachers have very limited experience with computers. The most widely used programs in intermediate classrooms are Bank Street Writer, Logo, typing training programs, mathematics programs and various materials from the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC). The respondents ranked computer-based strategies superior to traditional strategies in teaching language arts and problem solving. The educational motivations cited by the respondents fell into seven major categories characterized, in descending order of frequency of citation, by the following key words: utility, interest, literacy, drill, enrichment, reinforcement and individualization. There is little evidence of any developmental pattern, associated with an increase in experience, in the educational motivations for computer use cited by the respondents. The correlations which do exist indicate that with increased training and increased length of time using computer-based instructional strategies teachers tend to devalue the objectives of promoting computer literacy and inflate the objectives of reinforcing traditional instruction, individualizing instruction and using the computer as a productivity tool for text editing.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate

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Matoka, Peter W. "Child labour in Zambia : an analysis of the extent, nature and proposed solutions to the problem." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36097/.

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This thesis is centred on the problem of child labour in the urban areas of Zambia. The origins, types and context of child labour are extensively described as are the incidence and distribution of the problem by locality, trade and activity. The very definition of 'child labour' is uncertain with legal, historical, comparative, customary and academic definitions being somewhat contradictory. The differing notions are considered and reconciled. As child labour is mainly concentrated in the 'informal sector', the nature of this sector in Zambia and other poor countries is analysed. The limited opportunities for education, employment and productive and fulfilling self-employment in the informal sector are highlighted. An account of the historical origins and development of child labour in the pre-colonial and colonial periods is provided. An assessment of the measures designed to control or ameliorate child labour follows. This covers the work of international organisations, the colonial and post-colonial governments in Zambia, the voluntary sector and concerned individuals. The effectiveness and coverage of the relevant international conventions and local legal provisions and enforcement are evaluated. The consequences on child labour of more recent interventions by international agencies, for example the Structural Adjustment Program of the World Bank, are illustrated. Three main forms of analysis have been used in this thesis. First a descriptive account of child labour has been supplied using secondary accounts and unpublished reports. Second, the author has undertaken a comparative analysis, examining child labour in two other African countries as well as two countries in each of the continents of Asia and Latin America. Third, extensive interviews with child labourers themselves and those who are close to their plight have been undertaken, to provide the actor's own graphic and personal views on the issues discussed. The thesis concludes with an appraisal of the significance of the study, general prescriptive comments and some more specific policy recommendations designed to address and combat the incidence and worst features of child labour in Zambia.

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Sonkwala, Mzikayise Richard. "The extent of the use of ICT in schools in the Nelson Mandela Bay area." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012284.

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It is the 21st Century and the world is a global village. The development of technology like Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has thus become the dominant means of communication. Education has not been left out of this wave of change. In many countries Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a clear impact in the development of educational curriculum. This cannot be said about South Africa where huge disparities in terms of ICT related resources still exist. There is a range of uses of ICT in South African schools and it varies according to the economic and social conditions where that school is located. For example, the former Model C schools are well-resourced in terms of computers and access to internet whilst township schools lack these resources. In township schools very few students are exposed to computers due to the limited number of computers and lack of properly qualified educators in the field of ICT. In the Nelson Mandela Bay area township schools only offer CAT (Computer Applications Technology) as an ICT related subject whilst the former Model C schools offer CAT and IT (Information Technology).This treatise attempts to show the digital divide that still exists between a former Model C school and a township school, and the impact it has in quality of education in these schools.

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McKee, Steven. "Extent of use of the problem-solving approach by first-year teachers of vocational agriculture /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694702785341.

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Johnson, Douglas Alan. "A consumer study evaluating the extent technology education textbooks use 1993 benchmarks for science literacy." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999johnsond.pdf.

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Long, Lynn Hunt. "Relationship Between Extent of Extracurricular Participation, Employment, and Substance Use Among Middle and High School Students." UNF Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/288.

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This study examined the relationship between student use of substances and extent of participation in school and/or community sponsored sport or nonsport activity. The study also examined student substance use and extent of participation in sport or nonsport activity together with extent of employment. Data were provided by 24,699 public school youths who attended grades 6 through 12 and completed the 2001-2002 Duval Secondary Substance Use and Violence Survey: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors. Frequency tables, crosstabulation, chi-square tests, and loglinear analysis were used to analyze the data. The study found: (a) a higher percentage of respondents who participated in 11 or more hours of sport/athletic activity or nonsport activity reported using substances almost every day than did respondents who participated in 1-5 hours of activity (b) a higher percentage of students reported using alcohol almost every day when involved in greater than 20 hours of work per week and 11 or more hours of sport/athletic or nonsport participation than did those with lesser involvement in activity in conjunction with work at any level. Extracurricular programs and student employment may function as protective factors in discouraging adolescent substance use. Extracurricular programs and student employment may also place the student at greater risk for substance abuse when such involvement exceeds 20 hours per week in work and more than 11 hours per week of extracurricular activity. While extracurricular programs and student employment should be designed and offered to encourage widespread student participation, extent of participation should be monitored to assure healthy participation.

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Akbari, Haddis. "The extent of 'use' necessary for Community Trade Marks : and the relation to the test of reputation." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12210.

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Article 15(1) of the Community Trade Mark Regulation states that the Community Trade Mark holder has to put the mark into genuine use in the Community within five years from registration. Even though the regulation does not deal with the extent of use necessary, the Joint Statements uphold that genuine use within one country is enough. However, recent case law from national offices have ruled in the opposite direction, resulting in legal uncertainty concerning how much use that is needed. The courts claimed that use within merely one Member State is not use in a substantial part of the Community and therefore not genuine.This paper shows that it is not satisfactory to define genuine use in the Community by way of analogy to the term substantial part of the territory. The latter derives from the test of reputation concerning a different case entirely. Instead, most indicators point towards a market-oriented approach where national frontiers do not matter. Focus should be on the extent of use being made compared to the market concerned in the entire EU. A case-by-case assessment is required, where all relevant circumstances are taken into consideration.

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Swan, Robin Napier. "The auditor's application of analytical procedures : the extent of their use and the effectiveness of such procedures." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252425.

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Marks, Alex (Alex Corin). "Stormwater management in Boston : to what extent are demonstration projects likely to enable citywide use of green infrastructure?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87522.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-81).
Green infrastructure (GI) has been increasingly recognized as the most effective approach for major cities to manage the environmental impacts of stormwater runoff. However, adoption of this infrastructure has yet to achieve scale - in part, because these approaches can produce highly variable results and require site-specific testing to confirm cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, pollution from runoff remains the largest source of contamination to urban waterways (NRC 2008). While green infrastructure pilot studies, called 'demonstration projects', have been conducted throughout the U.S. for several years with encouraging results, I wanted to better understand their role in furthering green infrastructure initiatives. I use the City of Boston (Boston) as a case study to explore how demonstration projects can further GI use. Boston recently entered a consent decree with the U.S. EPA and the Conservation Law Foundation to conduct three demonstration projects using GI, and to fulfill other pollution mitigation requirements. Boston will use these projects to test a variety of green infrastructural components meant to lessen the adverse impacts of runoff. To give context, I provide a brief history of stormwater management in Boston and highlight some of the current challenges that might benefit from pilot testing. After reviewing plans for these demonstration projects, along with two additional Boston-based GI projects, I discuss how these projects are designed to further the commonly cited project objectives, which include testing the physical performance of green infrastructure for expanded use, fostering interdepartmental learning to construct and maintain GI, cultivating public awareness of and support for GI, and achieving regulatory compliance. I argue that demonstration projects can have optimal impact when designed to consider testing opportunities that relate to all four objectives. I discovered that demonstration projects have particular value to cities to support fairness in stormwater discharge permit revisions. Also, green infrastructure's contribution to a healthier, urban experience is an under emphasized objective of these projects. I conclude with a recommended demonstration project methodology that can assist city planners in furthering green infrastructure initiatives.
by Alex Marks.
M.C.P.

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Luse, Donna Walton. "The Extent to Which Businesses Use the Scientific Method in the Organization and Preparation of Written Business Reports." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330740/.

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The problem of this study was to investigate the extent to which businesses use the scientific method in the organization and preparation of written business reports. Data for this study were collected by the use of a questionnaire which was devised, validated, and pilot testes. Questionnaires were mailed to 50 systematically, selected members (200 total) of each of the four major group categories (banking and finance, government and education, manufacturing and utilities, and sales and services) from Region V's 1985-1986 Association of Records Managers and Administrators membership roster. One hundred six responses were received, representing a 53 per cent return. Additional information was obtained from sample records and telephone interviews.

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Ntsaba, 'Mankone 'Mabataung. "An investigation into the nature and extent of erosion and sedimentation in the Maqalika Dam catchment, Maseru." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001899.

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The study investigates the nature and extent of erosion and deposition in the Maqalika catchment, Maseru. Components of the study include (i) the re-construction of erosion and land use history in the catchment from 1961 to 1985, (li) determination of dominant factors or combinations of factors responsible for the observed erosion distribution at each date, (iii) the identification and evaluation of erosion and deposition features, and their spatial and temporal variations, and (iv) identification of socia-economic problems associated with observed erosion and deposition. Methods employed for the re-construction of erosion and land use history include the use of sequential aerial photography of 1961, 1979 and 1985, orthophoto maps and review of literature from past studies. It has been possible to map erosion and land use for the three time periods pinpointing areas of major change. Results are presented in map form showing the spatial distribution of each erosion class and each land use category. It was however not possible to derive any meaningful relationship between erosion distribution and land use, on the aforementioned maps. The only observation made from the comparison of the maps is that erosion degree and distribution sometimes changes with land use, while land use sometimes changes in response to erosion. Major land use changes are the conversion of agricultural land to urban land use, and grazing land. Due to the mnlti-dimensional nature of soil erosion, hand 'actor analysis was employed to determine which factors or combinations of factors were dominant at each date. Despite the extensive research on the various factors affecting erosion such as those used for the USLE and SLEMSA there is a growing uncertainty as to which factors are more important to erosion. Soil erodibility has been found to be a component of the major controlling factor combinations in all three periods under study. At each date erodibility combined with a number of other factors determined the observed erosion distribution. As suggested by Mosley (1980), Cambell (1985) and Coleman and Scatena (1986) sediment from a catchment is derived principally from spatially limited portions of the catchment. Likewise eroded sediment becomes deposited in spatially limited areas with special characteristics which encourage deposition. Aerial photographic survey aided by ground survey and oblique photographs were employed to identify sediment sources and sinks within the catchment. Some sediment sources are fIxed such as gully floors and sides, while some change location from time to time such as construction sites. An evaluation of portions of the catchment for their ability to supply and deliver sediment has shown that the most eroded areas are not the most active sediment sources. Sediment yield is limited by either supply or transport. Sediment yield was estimated using reservoir survey data which indicate that there is a high rate of soil loss from the catchment. One flaw of this method as a measure of soil loss is that it treats the measured sediment yield as if it were contributed uniformly from the basin. This method however affords the researcher to estimate minimum erosion rates, taking into account that large amounts of sediment are stored at various places within the catchment. The possible socio-economic consequences of erosion and deposition have been identified. These include loss of cropland, destruction of roads and building sites which require methods of reclamation, sedimentation of small reservoirs and ponds, and the formation of gully bottom fills which are potential sediment sources. Conservation measures presently applied in the catchment are assessed and found to be irrelavant to the present erosion problem. Data from the reservoir survey revealed that the estimated rate of soil loss is more important to on-site erosion damage than to off-site damage in the form of the sedimentation of Maqalika reservoir. Appropriate conservation measures such as those suggested by Amimoto (1981) would be relevant to the study area, however the main constraint in their implementation would be lack of legislation and the absence of a sound land use policy. It is therefore concluded that the present land use situation which does not take into consideration the physical constraints of the catchment is partly responsible for accelarated erosion in the catchment.

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Lancaster, Marlene. "A study of the extent and nature of computer use in Saskatchewan high school accounting instruction, and some of the factors that influence computer use." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60233.pdf.

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Seeley, Monica E. "Senior executives and their individual use of computers : a study of the continuity, level and extent of senior executives' use of computers for personal support." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337818.

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Ringger, Devin Charles. "Imperfect substitutes| Examining whether and to what extent offering Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) may be increasing regional polydrug use." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10105486.

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Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) attempts to curb opioid addiction by substituting a treatment opioid (i.e. methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, etc.) for an addict’s primary drug of abuse (i.e. heroin, oxycodone, etc.). However, insofar as patients continue abusing their preferred drug during treatment, OST programs may be increasing the absolute number of drugs patients are abusing. To the extent that some OST patients “divert” their treatment drugs into illicit markets, OST programs may also be increasing the absolute number of opioids abused by the surrounding population, as well. If corroborated, these trends would indicate a connection between OST treatments and the phenomenon most correlated with drug overdoses— “polydrug use”, or the concurrent use multiple drugs by one person.

To ascertain whether and to what extent OST treatment provisioning may be affecting regional polydrug use, this study models the annual number polydrug treatment episodes reported in a state as a function of that state’s OST patient population. The study relies primarily on two administrative datasets—the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) and the Treatment Episode Data Set-Admissions (TEDS-A)—collected between 2002 and 2006.

Using a two-way fixed-effects model that controlled for both state and annual fixed-effects, as well as for state populations and population densities, this study discovered a statistically significant positive correlation (p<.002) between a state’s OST patient population and the number of polydrug treatment episodes reported in the state. The model predicts that a doubling of a state’s OST patient population will be correlated with a 6.16-percent increase in polydrug episodes. These results suggest that OST treatment may be producing a dangerous side effect. At the very least, they suggest that, when considering potential expansions to OST programs, circumspect policymakers should also consider simultaneous expansions to services that address the predicted increase in polydrug use.

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Rui, Li. "The use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in the Bottelary River area: Effluent quality, farmers perception and potential extent." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_1918_1177917293.

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The Bottelary River area is located in a Mediterranean climate region, where the agricultural sector plays an important role. During the dry summer season, there is not enough precipitation to meet the agricultural irrigation requirements. Some farmers extract river water which is practically the final treated effluent from the Scottsdene Wastewater Treatment Works to irrigate crops. This research investigated the use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in this area, particularly focused on the effluent quality, farmers perception, and the potential extent.

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Clarke, John Lester. "Sustainable buildings : sustainable behaviour? : to what extent do sustainable buildings encourage sustainable behaviour through their design, construction, operation and use?" Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/27728/.

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The environmental impact of human behaviour on the design, construction and operation of buildings is often overlooked, frequently resulting in sub optimal performance over the lifecycle of the building (credibility gap and value-action gap). An over-reliance on technological and market solutions (false positivity) throughout the design, construction and operation of sustainable buildings means changing user behaviour is not currently envisaged by all but the most sustainability-minded built environment professionals. This study aims to develop an understanding of the dynamic and complex systems by which responsible environmental, social and economic action (sustainable behaviour) emerges from the relationship between people and the built environment. The primary research question asks to what extent sustainable buildings encourage sustainable behaviour, with broader research objectives covering the need for sustainable buildings and their social, environmental and economic benefits; a clear definition of sustainable behaviour and sustainable buildings; identifying opportunities for behavioural change from current best practice and how behavioural change theory can be applied to the built environment to encourage and optimise sustainable behaviour. Literature review reveals existing theory and practice in the fields of sustainability, architecture, behavioural psychology and pedagogy applied generally to the design, construction and operation of sustainable buildings. Five exemplar sustainable buildings with pedagogical functions are also investigated. The primary empirical research methodology uses grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology through interview and survey data analysis, highlighting common best practices and innovative approaches, as well as revealing barriers to achieving sustainable built environments that encourage sustainable behaviour. The research reveals that there are numerous opportunities for behavioural interventions at critical stages throughout the lifecycle of buildings where ‘value-action’ gaps between our intentions to be more sustainable and our often sub-optimal actions or behaviours are identified. Strategies includes education, information provision, training, experiential learning, feedback, participation and regulation. The research contributes original knowledge by relating the way building mechanisms for change can be understood through the lens of behavioural psychology and the synthesis of the three disciplines of sustainability, architecture and pedagogy.

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ALSHAHRI, ALI. "THE EXTENT TO WHICH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS IN TABUK CITY ARE AWARE OF AND USE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS IN MATHEMATCS." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1242.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the awareness and use of professional standards in mathematics by elementary mathematics teachers in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The researcher used a mixed-method (survey and focus group discussion), which consisted of three main questions for the survey and eleven questions for the focus group. The group sampling consisted of 137 male elementary math teachers in Tabuk City for the survey and 10 male elementary math teachers in Tabuk City for the focus group discussion. The research focused on eight professional standards in the study: lesson planning, teaching, learning environment, assessment, interaction, enrichment, innovation, and creativity. In addition, the researcher looked at 31 sub-standards of the general eight standards. The survey results showed that the elementary mathematics teachers in Tabuk City ranked quite low in all eight standards. In addition, the focus group discussions revealed that the elementary mathematics teachers lacked an awareness of the importance of using professional standards and that they did not use the standards in their teaching. There were no statistical significant differences among the responses of the teachers based on their years of experience in the classroom. There were also no significant statistical differences among the responses of the teachers based on their educational levels.

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Diamant, Irit. "An investigation into the extent to which schools use external evaluation information and its implications for their capacity to improve." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442884.

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Nelson, M. "The use of cost/benefit analysis in labour negotiations : An examination of the extent to which Canadian and UK companies use accounting information with respect to labour negotiations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374932.

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Utiome, Erezi. "An exploration of the extent, use and success in the application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the UK construction industry." Thesis, The Robert Gordon University, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/73522/1/Erezi_MSc_Thesis.pdf.

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Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been regarded as a one stop shop capable of addressing the ills of the construction industry. Yet, while some firms have accepted BIM as a new way to work and gone on to record success, others (which have not so done) have raised such questions as: ‘How is BIM defined? Is it a tool or a process? Which kinds and sizes of organisations stand to benefit from BIM?’ These questions form the basis of this research. Hence, having explored the relevant body of literature, this research investigates three organisations within the UK – described as the earliest adopters of BIM – and considers how they have fared in terms of project performance in the years since adopting BIM; focusing on project cost, delivery time and quality achievement. This investigation also probed two of the leading voices in BIM in the UK in search of the much needed answers. The findings of the research show that successful projects executed in the organisations that have used BIM is predicated on its adoption as a process, rather than as a tool of technology; a process that changes the way work in the construction industry is typically done. Moreover, the successes recorded in the firms researched give credence to project success consequent upon adopting BIM. Nevertheless, the findings of this research show that the cornerstone of this success is leadership-driven innovation.

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James, Jennifer Ann, and n/a. "The extent to which registered nurses in the ACT state that they use physical assessment skills as a basis for nursing practice." University of Canberra. Education, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060406.121506.

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The purpose of this research was to discover the extent to which practising registered nurses in the ACT undertake physical assessment. It was also organized to discover the perceived reasons why, in appropriate instances, it was not undertaken and the extent to which certain variables may have influenced its practice or non-practice. It was directed also at discovering the extent to which the practising registered nurse would be prepared to undertake workshops on the subject, so that, if appropriate, a core of registered nurses could be provided to act as the role-models and to create the necessary learning environment in the ACT hospitals and agencies where most of the Canberra College's graduates would find employment. Since the first undergraduate course in nursing was introduced in the tertiary sector, nurse academics have placed significant emphasis on the teaching of the nursing process. It is within the first phase of this process, the assessment phase, that the physical assessment of the patient/client is conducted. Discussions with practising registered nurses and observations, led to some uncertainty as to the extent to which physical assessment was actually being used. A review of the literature showed that no investigation of the matter had been reported in the Australian literature. It was, therefore, proposed to make good this deficiency and to resolve any uncertainty about the extent of use of physical assessment in the ACT. This study was restricted to registered nurses in the ACT where all beginning nurses are educated at the CCAE with a curriculum which includes a comprehensive study of physical assessment. Even so, it is recognized that such studies will only reach a beginning level of competency. In order to ensure that the graduates of these courses extend their competency in physical assessment they need to be able to use these skills in every day nursing practice. This research, therefore, was conducted using a questionnaire which incorporated questions about the use of 36 physical assessment skills. The survey, on a onetime participation basis, was conducted for all registered nurses rostered on a fortnightly period in April 1987. A 66.7% response rate was achieved. The responses were analyzed and the findings, results and recommendations are included in the appropriate sections of this thesis.

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ORTIZ, ALEXANDRE. "THE USE OF MEASURES OF EXTENT AND INTENSITY IN THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF THE BRAZILIAN PHRAMACEUTICAL SECTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4676@1.

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O objetivo desta dissertação foi o de estudar a reciprocidade de troca de informações dentro da cadeia de suprimentos no ambiente de negócios farmacêutico brasileiro. Como um primeiro passo, buscou-se na literatura material que pudesse descrever toda a estrutura dos processos logísticos e a importância atribuída à informação nestes processos. A dissertação estudou a base conceitual do gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos, incluindo os relacionamentos entre seus membros e alguns aspectos da mensuração de performance propostos por estudiosos do assunto. Indicadores de performance que lidam com ambas as partes, fornecedores e clientes, não são comuns. Como uma alternativa, esta dissertação escolheu uma mensuração genérica chamada DSCC (Grau de acoplamento da cadeia de suprimentos), que calcula como a informação flui ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos. Um questionário foi aplicado a duas companhias farmacêuticas reconhecidamente importantes. As respostas obtidas não somente revelam como essas companhias interagem em ambas as direções da cadeia de suprimentos, como também aponta a necessidade de futuros estudos sobre os processos logísticos das indústrias do setor farmacêutico brasileiro.
The aim of this report was to study the reciprocal exchange of information within the whole supply chain in the structure of the Brazilian pharmaceutical business environment. The first step was to search previous studies in the literature, that could describe all the framework of the logistics processes and whether information played a significant role in them. In this report, the supply chain management concepts were studied, including relationships between its members and several aspects of performance measurements proposed by scholars. Performance indicators which deal with both parties, suppliers and customers, are not common. As an alternative, this report has chosen a generic measure called DSCC (Degree of supply chain coupling) which calculates how information flows throughout the supply chain. A check list has been applied to two important pharmaceutical companies. The aswers obtained not only reveal how these companies interact in both directions of the supply chain but also suggest other future studies about logistics processes in the Brazilian phamaceutical sector.

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Simonit, Silvip. "Ecological-economic modelling and implications of land use change and wetlands extent on freshwater fisheries : the case of Lake Victoria (East Africa)." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9948/.

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Watershed degradation and the conversion of wetlands to alternative uses affect water quality, having profound implications for the freshwater ecosystem and fisheries of Lake Victoria. Through dynamic simulations using the Ecopath approach we show that eutrophication may explain the sudden upsurge of the introduced Nile perch during the 1980s. During these years an important trigger of change was an abrupt shift in primary productivity due to an external shock, probably related to an El Nino-ENSO event. The Nile perch population explosion during the 1980s caused a profound transformation ofthe fishing industry leading to a dramatic increase in fishing effort. Our equilibrium analysis from the base values of an Ecopath mo~l for year 1989 depicts an overfishing situation. To quantify the combined effect of eutrophication and fishing effort on the-aggregate fish stock and fishery we specify and estimate a biomass dynamics model, which embeds a measure of phytoplankton biomass as an environmental variable. We found that in a eutrophic state, which for the Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria was above an estimated chlorophyll-a concentration threshold of 17.11 mg m-3 , a further increase in phytoplankton biomass would cause a decrease in aggregate fish stock biomass and landings respectively. We then model the relation between land use change and water quality, considering the nutrient retention function of wetlands. First, we identify catchment-based indicators, in particular price indicators and wetland extent, which may anticipate changes in ,. environmental variables driving stock assessment models. We then study both nutrient loading and wetland reclamation externalities to the fishery sector, focusing on the Yala swamp, one of the largest wetlands in the Kenyan basin of Lake Victoria. Finally we propose a spatially distributed land use tax as policy instrument for reaching the desired objective of changing farmers' behaviour and maximising the total economic benefit to society.

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Garton, Bryan L. "The relationship between agriculture teachers' learning style and problem-solving ability and the extent of use of the problem-solving approach to teaching /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487843314696584.

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Igudia, Patrick Ohunmah. "Exploring the factors influencing the adoption and extent of use of electronic payment systems (EPS) by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229722.

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SMEs are slow adopters of new technologies and understandably so because they are entangled in a vicious cycle of poverty. It is even more so for SMEs located in developing markets such as the sub-Saharan Africa. SMEs in these areas are faced with several difficult institutional and cultural bottlenecks which often impede their access to and use of new technologies. In Nigeria, the recently introduced cashless policy is one of many strategies intended to enhance SMEs' chances in the global e-commerce market as much as the general Nigerian economy. Studies reveal that Nigerian SMEs are slow to adopt and use this new technological innovation called the e-payment system (EPS) even when it can improve their chances to participate successfully in e-commerce. However, there is little in the literature to understand why and what is needed to be done to encourage and facilitate their participation in adopting and using this technology. This area of study has not been sufficiently explored. Thus, this thesis fills the void and explores the factors influencing EPS adoption and extent of use by SMEs in Nigeria. The study develops an integrated model drawing from the Technology-Organisation- Environment (TOE) framework and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) model. We employed the mixed methods. 239 respondents were served the questionnaire. Also, 4 SMEs and two stakeholders were interviewed as a follow-up to the statistical analysis. We employed the Logistic regression analysis in addition to the personal interviews analysis. The results revealed that technological, environmental and owner/manager's factors majorly influenced the adoption of EPS among SMEs in Nigeria. The study finds that perceived benefit is the single major factor positively influencing the decision to adopt and use EPS in Nigeria. Others are owner/manager's educational level and knowledge in IT. The study also finds that perceived complexity, perceived insecurity and lack of government policy are major barriers to the adoption of EPS. Age, perceived benefits, and perceived trust facilitated frequent EPS usage while age, perceived complexity and competitive pressure positively influenced the number and type of EPS channels used by SMEs in Nigeria.

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Garton, Bryan Luke. "The Relationship between Agriculture Teachers' Learning Style and Problem-Solving Ability and the Extent of use of the Problem-Solving Approach to Teaching." Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1225393507.

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Davis, William R. "A study to determine the extent of use and impacts of block scheduling on technology education programs in middle size Wisconsin high schools." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998davisw.pdf.

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Cloete, Gert Johannes Abraham. "The nature, extent and impact of multiple land uses on the agricultural landscape in Stellenbosch as manifestation of a post-productivist mode of agricultural change." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85763.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the nature, extent and impact of multiple land uses on the agricultural landscape in Stellenbosch as manifestation of a post-productivist mode of agricultural change. The research objectives included the provision of a thorough literature review of post-productivism; mapping the spatial distribution of farm-based activities on wine farms within the Stellenbosch area; the compilation of a land-use map of the area that will investigate the extent of multiple land-use diversification; an analysis of the locational relationship between farm-based activities and a range of land-use changes in GIS; mapping the municipal properties and land use on each; the provision of a typology of post-productivist, non-agricultural land consumption practices; and conducting a representatively sampled survey among farm owners/managers who have not followed the trend of multiple land-use practices. Data were collected from questionnaires completed by the owners of wine farms within the Stellenbosch area; by differentiating each land cover type by the changes that took place over the period 1993 to 2010; and from long-term lease agreements of Stellenbosch municipal properties and the land use of each property. An overall increase in the presentation of alternative features/facilities can be observed in the Stellenbosch area. According to the information obtained from the questionnaires, conferences and weddings seems to be the most popular alternatives to primary farming. The research findings indicate that tourism-related functions/facilities on farms lead to a much needed alternative source of income for farmers. The changes in land cover observed over time can be linked to the process of post-productivism, which is aimed primarily at minimising the harmful effects of intensive farming techniques on the environment. In cases where land cover has decreased drastically, especially plantations, these areas have been transformed into natural vegetation. The Stellenbosch Municipality is strict on compliance with policies, as failure to do so can have harmful effects on the environment. These policies include the Land Use Planning Ordinance 15 of 1985 (Western Cape, 1985); the Municipal Asset Transfer Regulations of 2008 (Western Cape, 2008); the Western Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework of 2009 (Western Cape, 2009); the Provincial Urban Edge Guidelines of 2005; and the policy on the management of Stellenbosch Municipality’s immovable property of 2012. The municipality also is strict on the fact that the property may only be used for the purpose for which it was zoned. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to the termination of the contract between the municipality and the farmer, without any compensation from the municipality. Recommendations for future research include some development opportunities and marketing strategies for farm-based tourism; suggestions regarding the municipal responsibilities towards the commonages; as well as suggestions regarding the management of changes in rural land use change.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die aard, omvang en impak van veelvoudige grondgebruike op die landbou-landskap van Stellenbosch as ’n manifestasie van die postproduktivistiese modus van landbouverandering. Die navorsingsdoelwitte het die volgende ingesluit: die voorsiening van 'n deeglike literatuuroorsig oor postproduktivisme; kartering van die ruimtelike verspreiding van plaas-gebaseerde aktiwiteite op wynplase in die Stellenbosch-omgewing; samestelling van 'n grondgebruikskaart van die gebied wat die omvang van die diversifisering van veelvuldige grondgebruike ondersoek; analise van die liggingsverhouding tussen plaas-gebaseerde aktiwiteite en 'n verskeidenheid van grondgebruikveranderinge in GIS; kartering van die munisipale eiendomme en grondgebruik op elke eiendom; verskaffing van 'n tipologie van die postproduktivistiese, nie-landbou verbruikspraktyke; en die uitvoering van 'n verteenwoordigende opname onder plaaseienaars/bestuurders wat nie die tendens van meervoudige grondgebruike volg nie. Data is ingesamel deur middel van vraelyste wat deur eienaars van wynplase in die Stellenbosch-omgewing voltooi is; deur onderskeid te tref tussen verskillende soorte grondbedekking deur te fokus op die veranderinge wat van 1993 tot 2010 plaasgevind het; asook ’n ondersoek van langtermyn huurkontrakte van munisipale eiendomme op Stellenbosch en die grondgebruik van elke eiendom. In die Stellenbosch-omgewing was daar 'n algehele toename in die aanbieding van alternatiewe funksies/fasiliteite. Volgens die vraelyste blyk konferensies en troues die gewildste alternatief tot primêre boerdery te wees. Die navorsingsbevindinge dui daarop dat toerisme en verwante funksies/fasiliteite op plase 'n noodsaaklike alternatiewe bron van inkomste vir die boere verskaf. Die veranderinge in die grondbedekking wat oor tyd waargeneem is, kan gekoppel word aan die proses van postproduktivisme, aangesien die proses daarop fokus om die skadelike uitwerking van intensiewe boerderytegnieke op die omgewing te verminder. In gevalle waar grondbedekking drasties afgeneem het, veral van plantasies, is hierdie gebiede gewoonlik in natuurlike plantegroei omskep. Die Munisipaliteit van Stellenbosch is streng oor die nakoming van beleide, aangesien versuim ŉ skadelike uitwerking op die omgewing kan hê. Hierdie beleide sluit in die Grondgebruikbeplanning Ordonnansie 15 van 1985; Munisipale Bate Oordrag Regulasies van 2008; die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Ruimtelike Ontwikkelings Raamwerk van 2009; die Provinsiale ‘Stedelike Randgebied’ Riglyne van 2005; asook die beleid op die bestuur van die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit se vaste eiendom van 2012. Die munisipaliteit is ook streng oor die feit dat eiendomme slegs gebruik mag word vir die doel waarvoor dit gesoneer is. Versuim om hieraan te voldoen kan lei tot die beëindiging van die kontrak tussen die Munisipaliteit en die boer, sonder enige vergoeding vanaf die munisipaliteit. Voorstelle vir toekomstige navorsing sluit in 'n paar ontwikkelingsgeleenthede en bemarkingstrategieë vir plaas-gebaseerde toerisme, voorstelle ten opsigte van die munisipale verantwoordelikhede teenoor meentgronde, asook voorstelle gerig op die bestuur van verandering in landelike grondgebruik.

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Poswa, Xavia. "Municipal Planning By-laws and the extent to which they give effect to the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013." University of Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6072.

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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)
The spatial legacy created by the planning laws of the apartheid regime is still apparent in most cities and towns across South Africa. The legacy of apartheid spatial planning reveals not only planning which was undertaken along racial lines and inequality in the provision of infrastructure, amenities and accessibility, but the distances between where the poor and the rich live further perpetuates that inequality. Moreover, these planning laws also created a spatial pattern which resulted in the costs of maintaining infrastructure to be very high and public transport difficult to provide and access. Berrisford notes, "the roots to this legacy are complex and varied, but the regulatory frameworks governing land tenure, development and use played a prominent role in creating problems now faced by South African towns and cities".

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Scholtz, Louise. "A study to determine to what extent companies in South Africa are prepared to use corporate social responsibility as a developmental tool to alleviate poverty." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2281.

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Thesis (MPhil (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
The negative impact of poverty on development and security in South Africa has been exacerbated by high food prices. However, high food prices have also had a positive effect in that it galvanised civil society into coalescing and finally playing an activist role. Looking at the development of corporate social responsibility and how it was shaped by external influences exerted on it by society, the thesis argues that high food prices might be one of those triggers that might change the implementation of corporate social responsibility from that as a business tool to one that is more developmental in its intent. This argument is one that has been proposed by developmental theorists, but has been resisted by companies for various reasons herein discussed. In the same way that corporate social responsibility is shaped by external factors, development is also determined by the macro (economic) policies and state capacity in which the company operates. State incapacity has led the citizens looking at companies increasingly to fulfil a more developmental role. In this regard there are problems attendant to the private sector assuming the responsibilities of the state and the thesis argues that the private sector should rather play a complementary role to development interventions of government. The combination of the factors highlighted above has led to increased pressure on the private sector to play a more developmental role, and there appears to be a degree of acknowledgment from the private sector. This thesis looks critically at some approaches to corporate social responsibility and uses one particular company to illustrate, not only some of the critical factors of successful engagement with development through CSR, such as leadership and context specific interventions, but also to show that development and, particularly, poverty alleviation is compatible with running a profitable organisation.

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Arvanis, Harry R. Lin Zeng Day Roger P. "Extent of use and obstacles faced by teachers in the integration of the graphing calculator into algebra I classes survey of Illinois high schools mathematics teachers /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3087860.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2003.
Title from title page screen, viewed November 29, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Zeng Lin, Roger Day (co-chairs), Paul Baker, John Rugutt. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-131) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Neumann, William John III. "The use of ground penetrating radar to determine the presence, extent, and spatial variability of fire related hydrophobic soils in fire impacted watersheds in southern California." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2251.

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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) methods have been used to evaluate the presence, extent, and spatial variability of hydrophobic soils in Southern California Watersheds. It has been shown that high frequency ground penetrating radar equipment, under certain conditions, has the ability to determine the presence, depth, and persistence of post fire hydrophobic soils. As part of this study an extensive investigation was undertaken to not only evaluate the capability of this approach but also to understand under what conditions the method can be applied successfully and what are the limitations of the approach. The investigation includes use of computer simulations and modeling, laboratory investigations in sand boxes with native soils, and multiple field trials spanning a five year time period. Of particular significance is the finding that using GPR it is possible to: locate the interface between the uppermost burnt soil layer, and soil horizons below; quantify the depth at which the hydrophobic layer forms; and quantify the spatial extent of the layer. As part of this study best practice methods for both field and lab experimentation have also been developed and are presented in the body of the thesis. Based on this study it is concluded that the use of GPR can provide a much more accurate and comprehensive method of evaluating the nature of hydrophobic layers in such environments than the current point specific manual methods. As a result the use of GPR has significantly advanced our capacity to assess the potential for increased erosion and the generation of debris flows in such environments after rainfall events.

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Crouch, Jason James. "Mediated messages : constructions of intimate communication through the use of digital technologies, and the extent to which such encounters can be conceptualised as one-to-one performance." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2017. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/619496/.

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In the 21st Century a majority of the world’s population carry in their pockets devices that promise connection to others over distance. The instant connectivity offered by technologies of communication is somewhat of mixed blessing combining the allure of interaction and the threat of availability. Much of the advertising gloss for the technologies of communication – smartphones, video conferencing and social networks – relies on selling the idea of real human connection at a distance. This study sets out to explore the nature of mediated communications between individuals in the context of a perceived opposition that conceptualises technology as either distancing or enhancing what it is to be human. The research frames mediated interactions as one-to-one performance, an approach which encourages the unexpected and playful whist embracing vulnerability. In exploring the nature of the one-to-one performance scholars and audiences stress their experiences as personal, at times intense and certainly intimate. Here intimacy is engaged with as both a subconscious technological fluency as well as intrapersonal closeness, placing such interaction in the socio-cultural context of late capitalism. It is concluded that rather than technology enframing a commodified experience of the world, intimate interrelations are possible and inevitable. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to the research question and contextualises the inquiry in regard to my own personal and professional background. Chapter 2 details relevant concepts, scholarship, performance practice and cultural context and serves to place the work in a lineage of other practice. Chapter 3 describes, documents and interrogates the research practice, including inspirations and experiments alongside the final works. Chapter 4 conceptualises the practice within a phenomenological framework, analysing contemporary communications technologies as part of an expanding perceptual toolset with which we co-shape our reality and placing technical infrastructure within a framework of late capitalism. The final chapter concludes the complimentary writing and clearly enumerates the findings.

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Rader-Brown, Lucy M. "To What Extent do Professional Training, School Demographics, Teacher Bilingualism, and Teacher Attitude Predict the Instructional Strategies that Elementary School Content Area Teachers use with English Language Learners?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1285890246.

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Stavert, Hilary Jill. "To what extent do (1) cultural and religious relativity; and (2) economic development, justify the use of preventive detention during peacetime in a developing nation? : Malaysia - a case study." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289058.

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Manuel, Anne Louise. "From Old Boys Network to Virtual Network: A study of internet technology use amongst UK academics, and the extent to which it is disrupting the gendered academic research culture." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492640.

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UK academe has been frequently reported as being a male-dominated space where cultures and practices persistently discriminate against women reaching the higher echelons of the profession (Knights and Richards, 2003). My research is concerned with one important aspect of higher education - its predominant research culture - and asks whether increased use of Internet technologies is disrupting the research culture's traditional androcentric structures, values, interactions, identities and practices, to create more of a level playing field for male and female academics working in UK higher education institutions.

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Walton, Nigel. "The extent to which data-rich firms operating two-sided platform-ecosystem business models are able to use data to gain an innovation advantage over established one-sided companies." Thesis, Coventry University, 2017. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/6313/.

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It is the purpose of the dissertation to explore the extent to which data-rich firms operating two-sided platform-ecosystem business models are able to use data to gain an innovation advantage over established one-sided companies. The dissertation begins with an analysis of business model theory and identifies two viewpoints based on the static and transformational perspectives. The transformational perspective is analysed in more depth and how data is playing a key role in creating an innovation advantage for two-sided platform ecosystem firms. A detailed explanation of how the platform ecosystem model works in provided in addition to a definition of the four platform typologies and how they compare and contrast with the one-sided business model. This is followed by a critique of the resource-based view of strategy and the relevance of dynamic capabilities, the knowledge-based view and the value chain approaches to strategy. A comprehensive innovation audit questionnaire (based on a sample of one hundred companies) is used to test whether the two-sided firms have a data-driven innovation advantage over the one-sided firms or not. The results reveal a clear innovation advantage for the two-sided firms who score consistently higher marks across all the dimensions of the innovation audit survey.

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Cyrus, Mark Digby. "Use of stable isotope signatures in the macroalga Ecklonia maxima and the filter feeder Mytilus galloprovincialis to determine the extent of sewage dispersal from the Green Point outfall, South Africa." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26664.

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Over the last decade natural abundances of stable isotopes ¹³C and ¹⁵N have been used to investigate the transport pathways of nutrients within aquatic ecosystems, and have contributed new understanding and knowledge to many aspects of ecology, which include tracking the spatial extents of nutrient discharges. In order to assess the uptake of nutrients from the Green Point sewage outfall in Cape Town South Africa, we selected a primary producer, the kelp Ecklonia maxima (for dissolved nutrients) and a filter-feeding organism, the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (for organic particulates). It was hypothesized that biota within close proximity of the outfall would have isotopic values (signatures) which were closer to the values recorded for sewage and that this signature would become weaker (more positive) with increasing distance from the outfall as the sewage would be diluted and dispersed. Results from our study indicated that the stable isotope abundances of biota near the outfall were significantly affected by sewage. Ecklonia maxima situated on the outfall itself had δ¹⁵N of 1.2±2.3‰, which was extremely depleted relative to our control (8.3±1.1‰), collected at Mauritzbaai. The δ¹⁵N recorded for raw sewage (0.4±0.4‰) was very similar to that of Ecklonia maxima situated on the outfall. Mytilus galloprovincialis were also affected by sewage organic matter however although the effects on the stable isotope abundances were less pronounced as they were relying on more than one source of food. The isotopic values recorded in this study demonstrated that sites which were in close proximity to the outfall and even those just within the study area were contaminated by sewage effluent. From this study we conclude that the δ¹⁵N signatures of Ecklonia maxima and Mytilus galloprovincialis in marine environments can provide a useful means of tracing sewage dispersal in well-mixed ocean conditions, where conventional methods may have failed to reveal the extent of dispersal.

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Cristóvão, Heloá Ferreira. "Estudo de verbos codificadores de extensão ou escala no jogo da linguagem: uma perspectiva funcionalista." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6263.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloa Ferreira Cristovao.pdf: 812841 bytes, checksum: 71e524e49439abe4acf2da511e7345ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-05
A maioria dos gramáticos acolhe os verbos em duas sessões: uma que trata de aspectos morfológicos; em seguida, dentro de uma perspectiva sintático-semântica, que aborda os verbos quanto à predicação. Isso se configura um problema nesse modelo de análise, visto que, ao considerar os verbos como elementos discretos, em frases descontextualizadas, não se consideram as relações morfológicas, sintáticas, semânticas, pragmáticas e discursivas que só podem ser observadas a partir da língua em uso, dentro do jogo combinatório da linguagem. A partir dessas considerações, a concepção de língua que adotamos se coaduna com aquela proposta pelo Funcionalismo, que defende os estudos de fenômenos linguísticos a partir da análise das estruturas em uso real, priorizando as relações que se estabelecem no contexto comunicativo. Igualmente importante, foi o estudo da estrutura argumental da oração, formada pelo verbo e seus selecionados elementos obrigatórios (argumentos). Com relação aos verbos que serão objeto da pesquisa, orientamo-nos pela classificação realizada por Azeredo (2004, p.180), baseada na proposta de estudo de Cano Aguilar (1981) para a língua espanhola, que arrolou o grupo de verbos codificadores de extensão ou escala no português, entre eles: atravessar, percorrer, subir, abraçar, presidir, contornar, ocupar, preencher, inundar, medir 1 (ele mediu um terreno), medir 2 (o terreno mede 160 m), valer e durar (a viagem durou 80 dias). Em nossa pesquisa, analisaremos a transitividade de um recorte desse grupo, composto pelos verbos subir, ocupar, medir, durar, valer e seu uso na língua portuguesa, que, juntamente com a escolha do referencial teórico, justificam a importância deste estudo, visto que esse fenômeno é mais bem observado em condições reais de comunicação. O corpus é constituído de textos do âmbito jornalístico escrito e o levantamento de dados foi realizado por meio de ferramenta de pesquisa on-line no acervo digital da Revista Veja. Esperamos que o resultado desta pesquisa evidencie que um estudo que tenha como ponto de partida a língua em uso vá muito além das proposições das gramáticas
The most of grammarians welcome verbs in two sessions, namely: the first that deals with morphological aspects, then within a syntactic-semantic perspective, which deals with verbs as the predication. This creates the problem of proposal analysis, given that when considering verbs as discrete elements in non-contextualized sentences, the relationships are not considered morphological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discoursive that can only be observed from the language in use, in game combinatorial language. From these considerations, the design language we adopt is consistent with that proposed by functionalism, which advocates the study of linguistic phenomena from the analysis of the structures in actual use, prioritizing the relationships established in the communicative context. Equally important was the study of argument structure of sentence, formed by the verb and its selected elements required (arguments). With respect to verbs that will be the object of research, we look to the classification performed by Azeredo (2004, p.180), based on the study proposal of Cano Aguilar (1981) for the Spanish language, that enrolled a group of verbs encoders of extent or scale in Portuguese, among them: cross, roam, rise, embrace, preside, contour, occupy, fill, flood, measure 1 (he measured a piece of land), measure 2 (the land measures 160 m), earn and last (the trip lasted 80 days). In our research, we analyze the transitivity of a clipping of this group, consisting of the verbs rise, occupy, measure, last, earn and their use in the Portuguese language, which, together with the choice of theoretical, justify the importance of this study, since this phenomenon is best observed in real communication. The corpus is composed of texts within the journalistic writing and data collection was conducted through a research tool on-line in digital collection of Veja Magazine. We hope that the result of this research it is clear that a study has as starting point the language used go far beyond the propositions of grammars

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Zaloudek, Tanya. "A correlation study between the extent of cigarette and alcohol use among fraternity and sorority members and potential relationship to age, gender, GPA, number of college credits and participation in college athletics." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001zaloudekt.pdf.

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43

Cavalcante, Santos Cyntia. "Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and land-use changes." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0057.

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Les « hotspots » de la biodiversité du Cerrado et des forêts atlantiques ont souffert des changements rapides d’utilisation du sol au cours des cinq dernières décennies, résultant en une fragmentation de l’habitat, l’invasion d’espèces exotiques et la perte de biodiversité. Les mammifères herbivores sont une communauté clé pour étudier les impacts des changements d’utilisation des sols, car ils sont directement influencés par la structure du paysage. Premièrement, nous avons examiné des articles publiés entre 2002 et 2018 sur les mammifères terrestres dans des contextes de changement d’utilisation du sol dans le Cerrado brésilien. Nous avons constaté que les réactions négatives des mammifères aux changements d'utilisation du sol étaient associées à l'agriculture, à l'élevage, aux routes et aux zones urbaines. De plus, nous identifions de grandes lacunes de connaissances. Deuxièmement, nous avons collecté des données sur la communauté de mammifères herbivores à travers les gradients de changements d'utilisation du sol sur le plateau de Bodoquena au Brésil entre février 2016 et décembre 2017. Nous analysions comment et à quelle échelle trois métriques du paysage (pourcentage de couverture forestière, densité de parcelles et densité de lisières) affectent l'occurrence de quatre espèces herbivores (Dasyprocta azarae, Pecari tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira et Tapirus terrestris). Nous avons trouvé des différences dans les échelles auxquelles les espèces ont répondu à différentes mesures du paysage. Enfin, nous avons modélisé l'occupation de 23 mammifères herbivores dans le paysage du plateau de Bodoquena. Le modèle d'occupation en fonction du couvert forestier a montré des réactions idiosyncratiques par espèce aux changements d'utilisation du sol. Par conséquent, nous recommandons des stratégies différentes et complémentaires, notamment la restauration de l'habitat, pour la protection et gestion des mammifères herbivores au plateau de Bodoquena
The Cerrado and Atlantic forest biodiversity hotspots have been experiencing rapid land-use changes in the last five decades resulting in habitat fragmentation, invasion of exotic species and biodiversity loss. Herbivore mammals are a key community to investigate the impacts of land-use changes on biodiversity, because they are directly influenced by the landscape structure. In a first step, we reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2018 about terrestrial mammals in contexts of land-use change in the Brazilian Cerrado. We found that negative responses of mammals to land-use changes were mainly associated with agriculture, livestock, roads and urban areas. Moreover, we identified big knowledge gaps, for example in the coverage of research areas or species. Secondly, we collected data on the community of herbivore mammals across gradients of land-use changes in the Bodoquena Plateau in Brazil between February 2016 and December 2017. We analyzed how and on which scale three landscape metrics (percentage of forest cover, patch density and edge density) affect the occurrence of four herbivore species (Dasyprocta azarae, Pecari tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira and Tapirus terrestris). We found differences in the scales at which the species responded to different landscape metrics. Finally, we modeled the occupancy of 23 herbivore mammals in the landscape of the Bodoquena Plateau. The pattern of occupancy as a function of forest cover percentage showed idiosyncratic responses per species to land-use changes. Therefore, we recommend different and complementary strategies including habitat restoration for conservation and management of herbivore mammals in the Bodoquena Plateau

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Benko, Maria Helena, and Miriam Tunvald. "A study on lexical inferencing : to what extent, and in what ways, do pupils make use of the lexical inferencing strategies, learnt in school when they encounter and unknown English word in their spare time?" Thesis, University West, Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-1124.

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Background: During our VFU (Workplace-based Education), we met a teacher, who worked with metacognitive strategies, and used a holistic, top-down approach with her pupils. The teacher had been working with them in this way for three years. We wanted to know how the pupils used lexical inferencing strategies they had learned about in school, in their spare time outside school. Purpose and aim: The purpose of the study was to examine the use of lexical inferencing strategies and the aim was to find out whether pupils who had been encouraged to use lexical inferencing strategies in classroom teaching actually used these strategies when encountering unknown English words in their spare time. Method: We used a qualitative, semi-structured group interview, with an interview guide approach as method to achieve descriptions of the lived world of our interviewees. Eighteen out of 24 pupils in a 9th grade class were interviewed. We conducted six interviews, since the pupils were interviewed in groups of three. During the process of data analysis four different categories of strategy use emerged. Results: The results of our study showed that the pupils used the following strategies when encountering an English word outside school: avoidance, referring to another resource, inferencing from context and metalinguistic knowledge. The results also showed that even though the pupils are trained to use these strategies in school, they did not use them consistently in free time encounters with English language texts

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Eames, Jeanne Margaret. "An examination of the extent to which the acquisition of competence in the use of an alternative communication system can redress impairments in language and cognitive development experienced by a non-speaking child : through a study of pupils in a specia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396388.

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Elhassan, Ahmed. "The use of trademark to extend copyrights protection." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412927.

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Hughes, Sheila. "Being in the body : an assessment of the extent to which the spiritual/interior experiences arising from examples of human physical activity can be interpreted/clarified through the use of concept of embodiment (informed and enriched by insights from religious studies) as an interpretive key." Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/769/.

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This thesis, inter-disciplinary in nature and orientation, seeks to assess the extent to which the spiritual/interior experiences arising from specific examples of human physical activity can be interpreted/clarified through the use of the concept of embodiment (informed and enriched by insights arising from religious studies) as an interpretive key. Diversity of attitudes to the body, evident in theoretical and practical variations, necessitates a clear definition of the particular understanding of embodiment which underpins this study, an indication of how embodiment when used as a 'key' might assist in the interpretation of the experiences to be investigated, and an explanation of the process by which the critical question was identified and developed. In order to provide the methodological framework, Chapter 1 clarifies the synthesis of personal experience, practical knowledge and theoretical understandings which underpin and authenticate a research method characterised by a process of journeying 'back and forth' between key 'pieces' of evidence. In the second chapter of the study the experience arising from human physical activity is discussed and possible modes of interpretation considered. Embodiment as a key for this experience is examined in relation to sport (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 is a survey of understandings of embodiment, drawn largely from religious sources. Thereafter, in Chapter 5, sacred dance will be considered. In Chapter 6, I refer to circumstances, situations and experiences which may impede and distort the recognition and celebration of the fact of our embodiment as experienced in and through our bodies. Findings support the use of embodiment as a viable 'key' for experiences arising from certain types of human physical activity. Fully celebrated and assessed anew for different contexts, embodiment may prove to be a predominant motif of our time, redeeming and enriching our sense of what it means to be in our bodies.

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Hammond, Melissa D. "The Use of Chitosan to Preserve and Extend Atlantic Salmon Quality." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HammondMD2004.pdf.

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Meyer, Cynthia A. "Application of remote sensing methods to assess the spatial extent of the seagrass resource in St. Joseph Sound and Clearwater Harbor, Florida, U.S.A." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002665.

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Marro, Sánchez Mònica. "Statistical analysis and plasmonic effects to extend the use of Raman spectroscopy in biochemistry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129447.

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Since its discovery in 1928, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has produced a revolution in the fields of analytical chemistry and molecular detection. Thanks to the latest technical advances, the expectations of the applicability of RS in biology have increased. Most recently, RS emerged as an important candidate technology to detect and monitor the evolution of the biochemical content in biomedical samples non-invasively and with high specificity. However, the inherent properties of Raman scattering have limited its full exploitation for biomedical applications. In the past decade, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and multivariate analysis have emerged as possible solutions for overcoming the low efficiency and the complexity of the Raman signals obtained from biological material. Until 2009, only a few studies had been reported using multivariate approaches, and these techniques were only employed to group different types of samples. Moreover, although the SERS effect was demonstrated for cells, SERS probes were not used in their full capacity to study complex biological processes inside cells. This thesis is a step towards combining and using statistical analysis and SERS to expand the applicability of RS in biochemistry: from single molecule to cell and tissue level. This mehtodology could reveal novel insights, otherwise inaccessible using previous techniques. Specifically, we began studying the changes in Raman spectra of a single DNA molecule and a RBC under stretching employing optical tweezers. SERS and statistical techniques such as 2D correlation and PCA were used to reveal important structural properties of those biological materials. An experiment to study intracellular pH changes in glioma cells after Photodynamic Treatment (PDT) was performed by using SERS probes embedded in the cells. The evolution in the SERS spectra was analyzed using 2D correlation. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first use of the 2D correlation technique to study cellular SERS spectra. Furthermore, more complex systems were investigated, to reveal the molecular evolution of cells or tissues undergoing a biochemical process. PCA was used to study how lipid metabolism varied in different breast cancer cell lines depending on the degree of malignancy. However, PCA does not provide meaningful components that could be assigned directly to molecular Raman spectra. Consequently, Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) was proposed and applied to extract physically and chemically meaningful molecular components that changed in cancer cells during the Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT). We monitored the retina composition ex-vivo when neuroinflammation was induced. Our study was the first application of MCR to decompose and monitor the molecular content of biological tissue with RS. Biomarkers for the early detection of neuroinflammation processes were identified and monitored. This is the first step in establising of a non-invasive and rapid screening technique for the early detection of multiple sclerosis or other neurodegenerative diseases in patients. Finally, the flexibility of MCR-ALS algorithm was exploited to remove the presence of background signals in Raman spectra of cytological studies that mask and degrade the results of a statistical analysis. Application of MCR-ALS enabled identification of molecular components that play an important role in the progression of breast cancer cells towards bone metastasis. This research demonstrated a powerful method that adds a new dimension to the field of analytical chemistry. Sensitive and highly specific information can be extracted non-invasively, rapidly, and without sample preparation. The samples can be monitored in vivo, quantifying molecular components difficult or impossible to obtain with current technology.
Desde que se descubrió la espectroscopia de Raman (ER) en 1928, esta técnica ha producido una revolución en el área de química analítica. Gracias a los últimos avances técnicos, las expectativas de aplicar ER en biomedicina han aumentado. La posibilidad de detectar y monitorizar la evolución del contenido bioquímico en muestras biomédicas de forma no invasiva con alta especificidad se ha convertido en una visión a perseguir. Sin embargo, las propiedades inherentes a la dispersión Raman han inhibido su completa explotación para aplicaciones biomédicas. En la última década, Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) y el análisis multivariante se han erigido como posibles soluciones para superar la baja eficiencia y la complejidad de las señales Raman de material biológico. Hasta 2009, estas técnicas no habían sido explotadas para su uso en aplicaciones biomédicas. La presente tesis representa un paso hacia la combinación y el uso de análisis estadísticos y SERS para expandir la aplicabilidad de la ER en bioquímica: desde moléculas individuales hasta células y tejidos. Nuevos descubrimientos inaccesibles a técnicas bioquímicas usadas habitualmente, se han podido revelar con esta metodología. En concreto, empezamos estudiando cambios en el espectro Raman de una molécula individual de ADN y un glóbulo rojo (RBC) sometidos a diferentes estiramientos por medio de pinzas ópticas. Se han utilizado SERS y técnicas estadísticas como correlación 2D (2DC) y Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) para revelar importantes propiedades estructurales de esos materiales biológicos. Se realizó un experimento para estudiar los cambios de pH intracelulares en células gliales después del tratamiento fotodinámico (PDT) utilizando sondas SERS implantadas en el interior de las células. La evolución del espectro SERS fue analizado utilizando 2DC. Hasta donde sabemos, este estudio representa el primer uso de la técnica 2DC para estudiar espectros SERS celulares. Además, se han investigado sistemas más complejos para revelar la evolución molecular de células y tejidos a lo largo de un proceso bioquímico. Con este objetivo, se utilizó el PCA para estudiar el metabolismo lipídico en diferentes líneas celulares de cáncer de mama relacionándolo con su grado de malignidad. No obstante, el PCA no proporciona componentes significativos que podrían ser asignados directamente a espectros moleculares Raman. En consecuencia, se propuso la Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) para extraer componentes moleculares con significado físico y químico que cambiaban en las células cancerígenas durante la transición epitelio-mesenquima (EMT). En otra aplicación, se monitorizó la composición de la retina ex-vivo cuando se inducía una neuroinflamación. Nuestro estudio representaba la primera aplicación de MCR para descomponer y monitorizar el contenido molecular de un tejido biológico con ER. Se identificaron biomarcadores para la detección precoz de procesos neuroinflamatorios. Esto representa el primer paso hacia el establecimiento de una técnica no-invasiva y de diagnostico temprano de esclerosis múltiple u otras enfermedades neurodegenerativas en pacientes. Finalmente, se explotó la flexibilidad del algoritmo MCR-ALS para eliminar la presencia de ruido de fondo en el espectro de Raman para estudios citológicos que enmascaran y degradan los resultados del análisis estadístico. Gracias a eso, se pudieron identificar nuevos componentes moleculares que ejercían un papel muy importante en la progresión de células de cáncer de mama hacia la metástasis ósea. Esta investigación ha revelado un potente método que añade una nueva dimensión al campo de la química analítica. Se ha podido extraer información con alta especificidad y sensibilidad de forma no invasiva, rápida y sin preparación especial de la muestra. Las muestras pueden ser monitorizadas in vivo, cuantificando sus componentes moleculares difíciles o imposibles de extraer con la tecnología actual.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Extent of use'

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