Books on the topic 'Extensively grazed'
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1
Gilbert, Mark R., and Roberta Rudà. Ependymal tumours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0005.
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Ependymomas are uncommon central nervous system cancers that can arise in the supratentorial, infratentorial, or spinal cord region. Recently, there have been several seminal findings regarding the molecular profiles of ependymomas that have led to marked changes in the classification of this disease. In addition to the World Health Organization grading system that designates ependymomas based on histological appearance into grade I, II, or III, a new molecular classification with distinct entities within the three anatomical regions provides additional subtyping that has prognostic significance and may ultimately provide therapeutic targets. Ependymomas are typically treated with maximum safe tumour resection. Grade III tumours always require radiation treatment even with extensive resection. Radiation is also often administered to patients with grade II ependymomas. Grade I tumours typically receive radiation if there is extensive residual disease, but complete resection may be curative. Local radiation is optimal unless there is imaging or cytological evidence of dissemination in the cerebrospinal fluid. Chemotherapy is less well established although recent molecular findings may lead to subtype specific treatments.
2
Yust, Jason. Tonal-Formal Disjunction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0013.
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This chapter classifies possible types of tonal–formal disjunction in sonata forms and gives a historical account of each technique in the works of Beethoven and Schubert, illustrated with a number of large-scale analyses of exceptional works. The techniques are: non-standard subordinate keys, pioneered by Beethoven; off-tonic recapitulations, also favored by Beethoven; and modulating subordinate themes, explored extensively by Schubert. Pieces analyzed include first movements of Beethoven’s op. 70/2 Piano Trio, Schubert’s Grande Sonate, D. 617, and “Lebenstürme” D. 947, and the second movement of Beethoven’s op. 59/2 String Quartet.
3
Graf, William L. Plutonium and the Rio Grande. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089332.001.0001.
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The first atomic bombs were constructed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, where lab workers disposed of waste plutonium in nearby canyons leading to the Rio Grande. Today, the environmental consequences are just beginning to be understood as scientists examine the effects created by past mishandling of one of the most toxic chemical wastes known. Written in an engaging, accessible style, Plutonium and the Rio Grande is the first book to offer a complete exploration of this environmental history. It includes an explanation of what plutonium is, how much of it was released by the Los Alamos workers, and how much entered the river system directly from waste disposal and indirectly, as a result of atomic bomb fallout. The book includes extensive appendices, maps, diagrams, and photographs. Environmental managers, ecologists, hydrologists and other river specialists, as well as concerned general readers will find the book readable and informative.
4
Hambrick-Stowe, Charles E. Language of the Heart. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190249496.003.0005.
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Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe gives us a window into Jonthan Edwards’ spiritual practices and how the Bible colored them. With his typological imagination, Edwards relished nature, but even there, his imaginative reflections connected what he perceived in nature with what he read in Scripture. The Bible also helped him sift through the thorny question of how one best understands experiential religion, straddling the means of grace and the free work of the Holy Spirit. His various notebooks reveal how extensively Scripture shaped Edwards’ spiritual and intellectual life. In practice, the Bible became the language of Edwards’ prayer and song, and it also guarded against misguided Enlightenment-era notions about experiencing God. To the end of his life, Scripture was a constant source of solace in Edwards’ spiritual journey.
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O’Neill, Brian P., Jeffrey Allen, Mitchell S. Berger, and Rolf-Dieter Kortmann. Astrocytic tumours: pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0002.
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Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) (World Health Organization (WHO) grade I). A relatively circumscribed, slow-growing, often cystic astrocytoma occurring in children and young adults, histologically characterized by a biphasic pattern with varying proportions of compacted bipolar cells associated with Rosenthal fibres and loose-textured multipolar cells associated with microcysts and eosinophilic granular bodies. Most PAs are localized, macrocystic, and only marginally infiltrative. However some PAs, such as those arising in the optic pathways, are rarely cystic and may have an extensive infiltrative pattern but within a neuroanatomic pathway. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) (WHO grade II). An astrocytic neoplasm with a relatively favourable prognosis, typically encountered in children and young adults, with superficial location in the cerebral hemispheres and involvement of the meninges; characteristic histological features include pleomorphic and lipidized cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein and often surrounded by a reticulin network as well as eosinophilic granular bodies. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) (WHO grade I). A benign, slow-growing tumour typically arising in the wall of the lateral ventricles and composed of large ganglioid astrocytes. It is the most common CNS neoplasm in patients with tuberous sclerosis.
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Zan, Luca, and Daniel Shoup. Heritage and Management, Professional Utopianism, Administrative Naiveté, and Organizational Uncertainty at the Shipwrecks of Pisa. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.5.
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In 1998, archaeologists discovered the first of sixteen Roman shipwrecks at San Rossore, Pisa, 500 m from the leaning tower. Shortly afterward a grand vision for a “museum with three vertices” was articulated: a public excavation area plus a conservation laboratory and museum of Mediterranean navigation, to be constructed in an under-used sixteenth-century barracks nearby. The grand vision of three interconnected institutions became an obstacle in itself: in the absence of an administrative culture that was able to bring projects “down to earth,” the universalist and utopian tendencies of professional discourse fostered a tendency to choose the “best” project over the most feasible one, adding costs, risks, and uncertainty to an already challenging project. Based on extensive archival research, this chapter reconstructs the fifteen-year history of the project and explores the emergent management issues at this unique site, including the role of professional optimism, bureaucratic myopia, urban planning, and uncertainty.
7
Mathews, Jud. Germany’s Postwar Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682910.003.0002.
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The German Federal Constitutional Court granted extensive horizontal effect to the rights in Germany’s constitution, the Basic Law, starting in the late 1950s. This chapter lays out the institutional and normative context against which these moves played out and in light of which they made sense. The new Court spent its first decade fending off attempts to marginalize it, not only from the executive branch but also from Germany’s other, more established, high courts. At the same time, the new Basic Law furnished the Court with interpretive authority over an expansive set of new rights, while the private law establishment was slow to satisfy the normative demands of a liberalizing postwar Germany.
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Wang, Zhizheng. Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in China. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0011.
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This chapter focuses on China’s systematic government access to private-sector data. In accordance with facilitating Chinese e-government construction, many laws made for the purpose of state security, public security, censorship, and taxation have granted the Chinese government extensive power of access to private-sector data generated in such businesses as information, finance, trade, travel, entertainment, and so on, operated in China. There are no laws or practices related to governmental systematic access currently found in China. However, this kind of systematic data access will certainly find itself anytime in the future enforcement and ensuing legislation once the Chinese government realizes it is necessary with the evolution of e-government strategy.
9
Song, Sarah. The Rights of Noncitizens in the Territory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190909222.003.0011.
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Chapter 10 considers what is owed to noncitizens already present in the territory of democratic countries. It focuses on three groups of noncitizens: those admitted on a temporary basis, those who have been granted permanent residence, and those who have overstayed their temporary visas or entered the territory without authorization. What legal rights are these different groups of noncitizens morally entitled to? How should their claims be weighed against the right of states to control immigration? The chapter argues that the longer one lives in the territory, the stronger one’s moral claim to a more extensive set of rights, including the right to remain. The time spent living in a place serves as a proxy for the social ties migrants have developed (social membership principle) and for their contributions to collective life (fair-play principle).
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Moller, David Wendell. The Whites. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199760145.003.0005.
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The story of Annie declares the dignity and grace of the human spirit in the midst of extensive suffering. It shows how social support heals throughout the illness experience. Her narrative is an example of the healing power of spirituality throughout dying. From her end-of-life experience, we learn that dying is far less about matters of the body than it is about matters of the person. We also discern that when a person is well attended throughout the dying process—her emotional, social, and spiritual needs being fulfilled—her suffering is eased and she is deeply comforted. Exploration of the dimensions of quality of life (QOL) help us to plan care which addresses all dimensions of QOL.
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Trigg, Clive, and Merle Trigg. Wildflowers of the Brisbane Ranges. CSIRO Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101494.
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The Brisbane Ranges area, situated 80 km west of Melbourne and 30 km north-west of Geelong, is extraordinarily rich in diversity. With basalt grasslands, heathy woodland, alluvial soils, buckshot gravel and granite rocks, it boasts more than 430 species of native plants.
Wildflowers of the Brisbane Ranges contains magnificent photographs of more than 400 species, many of them orchids, including rare and vulnerable species such as the Naked Sun Orchid (Thelymitra circumsepta) and the Hyacinth Orchid (Dipodium pardalinum).
A list of references, colour guide, glossary, comprehensive index and a soil type map have been included, to assist the reader in locating and identifying the different species.
This full colour guide is the culmination of more than a decade of painstaking observation. It will help both the casual visitor and the keen naturalist to locate and identify an extensive range of wildflowers from this exceptional part of Victoria.
12
Rau, Jochen. Thermodynamic Limit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0005.
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When one describes systems which are homogeneous, stable, and macroscopic in size, it no longer matters whether macroscopic data are given as sharp constraints or as expectation values. This is the thermodynamic limit. The behaviour of matter in this limit is governed by four laws, pertaining respectively to the properties of equilibrium (zeroth law), energy (first law), entropy (second law), and the ground state (third law). This chapter provides the mathematical criteria for homogeneity and stability and explores their respective consequences. In particular, it discusses the distinction between extensive and intensive variables, as well as the Gibbs–Duhem relation. It introduces the three thermodynamic ensembles—microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical—and shows their equivalence in the thermodynamic limit. Finally, this chapter shows how, in the thermodynamic limit, the four laws of thermodynamics arise naturally within the statistical framework.
13
Mason, Owen. From the Norton Culture to the Ipiutak Cult in Northwest Alaska. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.52.
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Between A.D. 200 and 900, the Ipiutak regional system developed an intercontinental trade in obsidian and iron, associated with a shamanic crisis cult in Northwest Alaska. People gathered seasonally within community structures (qargi) for cultic performances, maintained an extensive trade network, and warred with their neighbors. Ipiutak was supported by the hunting of walrus, seal, and caribou; the possible contribution of whaling remains uncertain. Most settlements were small, including 3 to 6 houses, although the principal village at Point Hope had over 30 contemporaneous houses, producing a total of >600 houses and over 100 interments. Lacking pottery and oil lamps, Ipiutak people were specialized ivory workers, producing an elaborate and profound art, often employed as grave offerings. Ipiutak was affiliated and on occasion opposed to the Old Bering Sea culture of Bering Strait but its origins remain disputed between Central Asian and Alaska sources.
14
Sanders, Rebecca. Torture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870553.003.0003.
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Despite its universal and absolute prohibition in international human rights and humanitarian law, torture has persisted even in liberal democracies. This chapter traces how changing national security legal cultures have shaped justifications for torture in the United States, culminating in an extensive torture program in the global war on terror. A culture of exception helped legitimize slave torture, lynching, and colonial torture through much of the United States’ early history, while a culture of secrecy facilitated covert and proxy torture during the Cold War. After 9/11, American authorities operated in a culture of legal rationalization. Rather than suspend or ignore the torture prohibition, the Bush administration sought legal cover for torture. As evidenced by the torture memos, lawyers reframed practices such as waterboarding as lawful enhanced interrogation techniques. These attempts to construct the plausible legality of torture effectively immunized Americans from prosecution for grave human rights violations.
15
Williams, Brien R. Doing Video Oral History. Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0019.
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Oral historians once tended to regard the sound recording of interviews as only the collecting stage of their enterprise. They considered the transcript as the authoritative document of record. This article focuses on the role of historians in capturing oral history through video. Later, however, aural recordings acquired more authority and began to be seen as a legitimate, if not co-equal, version of the interview. Now, oral historians are steadily adding video recording to their work. Foremost among the advantages of using video is the increased information obtained even in a simple “talking head” interview. This article enlists an extensive guideline for carrying out videohistory beginning with equipments and production techniques such as the equipment needed will include a consumer-grade video camera with at least one external microphone input, a camera tripod, and one or more quality microphones. A detailed description of video tour and ways of capturing video history concludes this article.
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Herrmann, Matthias, ed. Sichten auf Max Reger und seinen Schüler Paul Aron. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828875739.
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The oeuvre of Max Reger (1873–1916) evoked approval and rejection during the composer's lifetime. Reger also polarized as a person. The present volume deals with Reger's compositional oeuvre and with his personal environment – in the form of his student Paul Aron (1886–1955) from Dresden. At times, he was part of the close network of relationships between the Reger couple. The letters and cards from Reger to Aron from 1905 to 1915, as well as Reger's assessments, which are completely edited for the first time here, are supplemented by Aron's letters from the front of the First World War to Elsa Reger after the death of her husband (1916–1918). The extensive correspondence between Max Reger and Paul Aron shows an exciting teacher-student relationship more than 100 years ago. The sensitive texts of well-known authors trace a detailed picture of the composer. With contributions by Vitus Froesch, Manuel Gervink, Peter Gülke, Michael Heinemann, Matthias Herrmann, Jörn Peter Hiekel, Stefanie Steiner-Grage
17
Scott, Walter. Marmion. Edited by Ainsley McIntosh. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474425193.001.0001.
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Marmion (1808) is the second of Walter Scott’s grand historical narrative poems. Its sixteenth-century romance tale is framed within six conversation poems, each addressed to one of Scott’s friends, and supplemented by substantial ethnographical and antiquarian notes. Scott here features as a topical poet, commemorating both national events and occasions, as well as the work of his contemporaries. His relations with aristocratic patrons, artists, and statesmen are also amply reflected in the dedicatory epistles. It was with the overwhelming success of Marmion (four editions and over 11,000 copies were produced in 1808 alone) that Scott’s poetic reputation was indisputably established, his entry in the world of commercial publishing confirmed, and his commitment to a literary life fully determined. This is the first scholarly edition of Marmion. Based on new archival research it provides critically edited text that incorporates lines omitted from previous editions of the poem and extensive annotations. The critical apparatus in this volume includes a detailed essay on the development of the text, a Historical Note, Explanatory Notes and a full glossary of Scots, foreign and archaic words.
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Kaell, Hillary. Christian Globalism at Home. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691201467.001.0001.
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Child sponsorship emerged from nineteenth-century Protestant missions to become one of today's most profitable private fundraising tools in organizations including World Vision, Compassion International, and ChildFund. Investigating two centuries of sponsorship and its related practices in American living rooms, churches, and shopping malls, this book reveals the myriad ways that Christians who don't travel outside of the United States cultivate global sensibilities. The book traces the movement of money, letters, and images, along with a wide array of sponsorship's lesser-known embodied and aesthetic techniques, such as playacting, hymn singing, eating, and fasting. It shows how, through this process, U.S. Christians attempt to hone globalism of a particular sort by oscillating between the sensory experiences of a God's eye view and the intimacy of human relatedness. These global aspirations are buoyed by grand hopes and subject to intractable limitations, since they so often rely on the inequities they claim to redress. Based on extensive interviews, archival research, and fieldwork, the book explores how U.S. Christians imagine and experience the world without ever leaving home.
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Cohen, Jonathan, and Shaul Lev. Parenteral nutrition in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0207.
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Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a technique of artificial nutrition support, which consists of the intravenous administration of macronutrients, micronutrients, and water. PN has become integrated into intensive care unit (ICU) patient management with the aim of preventing energy deficits and preserving lean body mass. The addition of PN to enteral nutrition is known as supplemental PN. Parenteral feeding should be considered whenever enteral nutritional support is contraindicated, or when enteral nutrition alone is unable to meet energy and nutrient requirements. International guidelines differ considerably regarding the indications for PN. Thus, the ESPEN guidelines recommend initiating PN in critically-ill patients who do not meet caloric goals within 2–3 days of commencing EN, while the Canadian guidelines recommend PN only after extensive attempts to feed with EN have failed. The ASPEN guidelines advocate administering PN after 8 days of attempting EN unsuccessfully. Several studies have demonstrated that parenteral glutamine supplementation may improve outcome, and the ESPEN guidelines give a grade A recommendation to the use of glutamine in critically-ill patients who receive PN. Studies on IV omega-3 fatty acids have yielded promising results in animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome and proved superior to solutions with omega -6 compositions. The discrepancy between animal models and clinical practice could be related to different time frames.
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Dow, Bonnie J. The Movement Makes the News. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038563.003.0003.
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This chapter begins the story of 1970's “grand press blitz,” when a barrage of print stories on the movement set the stage for network news' first reports on women's liberation. It couples a discussion of all three networks' first, brief, hard news reports on feminist protest in January—the disruption of the Senate birth control pill hearings by a women's liberation group—with an extensive analysis of two series of lengthy soft feature stories on women's liberation broadcast by CBS and NBC in March and April. On one level, both network series created a sort of moderate middle ground of acceptable feminism anchored by their legitimation of liberal feminist issues related to workplace discrimination, but they diverged sharply in other ways that indicated key differences in their purposes and their imagined audiences. The CBS and NBC series provide a sort of baseline for national television representations of the movement in 1970; between them, they display the wide range of rhetorical strategies contained in early network reports. The CBS stories offered a generally dismissive and visually sensationalized narrative about the movement, particularly its radical contingent, displaying the gender anxiety assumed to afflict its male target audience. In contrast, the NBC series presented a generally sympathetic narrative about the movement's issues that unified radical and liberal concerns rather than using the latter to marginalize the former.
21
Hart, Patrick, Valerie Kennedy, and Dora Petherbridge, eds. Henrietta Liston's Travels. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467353.001.0001.
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The book is the first print publication of Henrietta Liston’s Turkish Journals, a significant yet virtually unknown work of women’s travel writing. It is composed of the full text of the 1812-1814 journal and some further writings, such a significant 1813 letter from Liston to her nephew, Dick Ramage and extracts from other journals, and these are preceded by an extensive critical introduction. The journals reveal that as the wife of the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Liston had privileged access to the Ottoman elite and to the diplomatic corps. They reflect on British-Ottoman relations, combining Orientalist perspectives with a human-centred version of the picturesque. Liston offers astute commentaries on people, places, and events – including a plague-ridden Constantinople, the harem of the Grand Vizier’s deputy, the presentation of ambassadors in the Seraglio and the departure of pilgrims on the hajj. The introduction includes sections on Liston’s life and the diplomatic context of her writings, and the Ottoman social and political context of the period. Liston’s writings are considered in relation to the discourses of travel writing, to British-Ottoman relations, to Orientalism and the picturesque, and to other eighteenth-and nineteenth-century women travellers and their works on the Ottoman Empire. There is also discussion of the manuscripts on which the book is based, and of issues such as their composition, revision, and transcription.
22
Davies, Michael, and W. R. Owens, eds. The Oxford Handbook of John Bunyan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199581306.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of John Bunyan is the most extensive volume of original essays ever published on the seventeenth-century Nonconformist preacher and writer. It examines Bunyan’s life and works, religious and historical contexts, and the critical reception of his writings, in particular his allegory, The Pilgrim’s Progress. Interdisciplinary and comprehensive, it ranges from literary theory to religious history, and from theology to post-colonial criticism. The Handbook is structured in four sections. The first, ‘Contexts’, deals with the historical Bunyan in relation to various aspects of his life, background, and work as a Nonconformist: from basic facts of biography to the nature of his church at Bedford, his theology, and the religious and political cultures of seventeenth-century Dissent. Part II, ‘Works’, considers Bunyan’s literary output in its entirety, including individual chapters on his major narratives and allegories: Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666), The Pilgrim’s Progress, Parts I and II (1678, 1684), The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680), and The Holy War (1682). Part III, ‘Directions in Criticism’, engages with Bunyan in literary critical terms, focusing on his employment of form and language and on theoretical approaches to his writings: from psychoanalytic to post-secular criticism. Part IV, ‘Journeys’, surveys the ways in which Bunyan’s works, especially The Pilgrim’s Progress, have travelled throughout the world. Bunyan’s place within key literary periods and historical developments is assessed, from the eighteenth-century novel to the writing of ‘empire’.
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Radu, Roxana. Negotiating Internet Governance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833079.001.0001.
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What is at stake for how the Internet continues to evolve is the preservation of its integrity as a single network. In practice, its governance is neither centralized nor unitary; it is piecemeal and fragmented, with authoritative decision-making coming from different sources simultaneously: governments, businesses, international organizations, technical and academic experts, and civil society. Historically, the conditions for their interaction were rarely defined beyond basic technical coordination, due at first to the academic freedom granted to the researchers developing the network and, later on, to the sheer impossibility of controlling mushrooming Internet initiatives. Today, the search for global norms and rules for the Internet continues, be it for cybersecurity or artificial intelligence, amid processes fostering the supremacy of national approaches or the vitality of a pluralist environment with various stakeholders represented. This book provides an incisive analysis of the emergence and evolution of global Internet governance, unpacking the complexity of more than 300 governance arrangements, influential debates, and political negotiations over four decades. Highly accessible, this book breaks new ground through a wide empirical exploration and a new conceptual approach to governance enactment in global issue domains. A tripartite framework is employed for revealing power dynamics, relying on: (a) an extensive database of mechanisms of governance for the Internet at the global and regional level; (b) an in-depth analysis of the evolution of actors and priorities over time; and (c) a key set of dominant practices observed in the Internet governance communities. It explains continuity and change in Internet-related negotiations, opening up new directions for thinking and acting in this field.
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Kadivar, Mohsen, and Gianluca Parolin. Blasphemy and Apostasy in Islam. Translated by Hamid Mavani. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474457576.001.0001.
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Is it lawful to shed the blood of a man or a woman who insults the Prophet Muhammad? Does the Qur’an stipulate a worldly punishment for apostates? Beginning with a genealogy of religious freedom in contemporary Islam, this book tells the gripping story of Rafiq Taqi, an Azerbaijani journalist and writer, who was condemned to death by an Iranian cleric for a blasphemous news article in 2006. Delving into the most sacred sources for all Muslims – the Qur’an and Hadith – Mohsen Kadivar explores the subject of blasphemy and apostasy from the perspective of Shi’a jurisprudence to articulate a polarisation between secularism and extremist religious orthodoxy. In a series of online exchanges, he debates the case with Muhammad Jawad Fazel, the son of Grand Ayatollah Fazel Lankarani who issued the fatwa pronouncing death penalty on Taqi. While disapproving of the journalist’s writings, Kadivar takes a defensive stance against vigilante murders and asks whether death for apostasy reflects the true spirit of Islam. This book presents a back-and-forth debate between modern two Shi’a jurists (one conservative, one reformist) that locates the exact points of controversy surrounding apostasy and blasphemy. It engages with the broader subjects of religious freedom and human rights, addressing both secular and religious interests. The author’s extensive new introduction and annotations throughout the text brings the work up-to-date and place it in its academic and public contexts. Finally, the book takes a front-row seat to the debate on blasphemy and apostasy in Islam.