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Journal articles on the topic 'Extensions confinées'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 December 2024

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1

De Sarkar, Tanmay. "The prevalence of web browser extensions use in library services: an exploratory study." Electronic Library 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-04-2013-0063.

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Purpose – The paper aims to present an outline how libraries are harnessing browser extensions to provide an easy and convenient access to library resources and services. Investigating the features, purposes of use and types of browser extensions prevalent among libraries in different regions, the paper seeks to measure the degree of implementation of browser extensions. Design/methodology/approach – Stratified sampling method was followed to select academic libraries, and convenient sampling method was applied to select public libraries from four continents – Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America. Two-step web content analysis was applied to gather data along the select dimensions. Findings – The study contributes to the recent advances in application of browser extension with numerous examples focussing on the relevance of different approaches adopted by the libraries. Providing a framework of proportionate implementation along checkpoints, the study also highlights degree of acceptance of browser extension among libraries in different regions. Research limitations/implications – The investigation was restricted to libraries having English websites and confined to four continents only. This study aims at improving understanding among the librarians about the intended use and application of browser extension and helping them benchmark their effort in support of education, research and training. The current investigation expands the scope of future research on remaining regions and website whose contents are in non-English language to attain a broader perspective of its implementation. Originality/value – The article may guide library professionals to use, develop and promote the implementation of browser extension in libraries. The checkpoints used here may serve as bedrock for framing questionnaire and interview schedule for conducting future research examining users’ perception of browser extension in the context of library resources and usage pattern, to fully comprehend its practicability and usefulness.

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Wilson, Elizabeth Parker, Pablo Granado, Pablo Santolaria, Oriol Ferrer, and Josep Anton Muñoz. "Inversion of accommodation zones in salt-bearing extensional systems: insights from analog modeling." Solid Earth 14, no. 7 (July 12, 2023): 709–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-14-709-2023.

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Abstract. This work uses sandbox analog models to analyze the formation and subsequent inversion of a decoupled extensional system comprised of two segmented half-grabens separated by a diffuse accommodation zone with thick early syn-rift salt. The segmented half-grabens strike perpendicular to the direction of extension and subsequent shortening. Rifting first created a basement topography that was infilled by model salt, followed by a second phase of extension and sedimentation, followed afterwards by inversion. During the second phase of extension, syn-rift syncline minibasins developed above the basement extensional system and extended beyond the confines of the fault blocks. Sedimentary downbuilding and extension initiated the migration of model salt to the basement highs, forming salt anticlines, reactive diapirs, and salt walls perpendicular to the direction of extension, except for along the intervening accommodation zone where a slightly oblique salt anticline developed. Inversion resulted in decoupled cover and basement thrust systems. Thrusts in the cover system nucleated along squeezed salt structures and along primary welds. New primary welds developed where the cover sequence touched down on basement thrust tips due to uplift, salt extrusion, and syn-contractional downbuilding caused by the loading of syn-contractional sedimentation. Model geometries reveal the control imposed by the basement configuration and distribution of salt in the development of a thrust front from the inversion of a salt-bearing extensional system. In 3D, the interaction of salt migrating from adjacent syn-rift basins can modify the expected salt structure geometry, which may in turn influence the location and style of thrust in the cover sequence upon inversion. Results are compared to the Northern Lusitanian Basin, offshore Portugal, and the Isábena area of the South-Central Pyrenees, Spain.

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Lee, Doojin, and Amy Q. Shen. "Interfacial Tension Measurements in Microfluidic Quasi-Static Extensional Flows." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030272.

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Droplet microfluidics provides a versatile tool for measuring interfacial tensions between two immiscible fluids owing to its abilities of fast response, enhanced throughput, portability and easy manipulations of fluid compositions, comparing to conventional techniques. Purely homogeneous extension in the microfluidic device is desirable to measure the interfacial tension because the flow field enables symmetric droplet deformation along the outflow direction. To do so, we designed a microfluidic device consisting of a droplet production region to first generate emulsion droplets at a flow-focusing area. The droplets are then trapped at a stagnation point in the cross junction area, subsequently being stretched along the outflow direction under the extensional flow. These droplets in the device are either confined or unconfined in the channel walls depending on the channel height, which yields different droplet deformations. To calculate the interfacial tension for confined and unconfined droplet cases, quasi-static 2D Darcy approximation model and quasi-static 3D small deformation model are used. For the confined droplet case under the extensional flow, an effective viscosity of the two immiscible fluids, accounting for the viscosity ratio of continuous and dispersed phases, captures the droplet deformation well. However, the 2D model is limited to the case where the droplet is confined in the channel walls and deforms two-dimensionally. For the unconfined droplet case, the 3D model provides more robust estimates than the 2D model. We demonstrate that both 2D and 3D models provide good interfacial tension measurements under quasi-static extensional flows in comparison with the conventional pendant drop method.

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Watters, Thomas R., Francis Nimmo, and Mark S. Robinson. "Extensional troughs in the Caloris Basin of Mercury: Evidence of lateral crustal flow." Geology 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21678ar.1.

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Abstract Thirty years ago Mariner 10 revealed extensional troughs that form giant polygons in the floor material of the Caloris impact basin, Mercury. The polygonal troughs occur in the interior of the basin and overprint wrinkle ridges formed in an earlier stage of compression. In contrast, lunar and martian basins exhibit extensional troughs that are circumferential and confined to basin margins. Loading by basin-filling material can explain the extensional and compressional features seen in deformed lunar and martian basins, but not the existence of the Caloris polygonal troughs. Here we suggest that the Caloris troughs formed from late-stage basin uplift and extension due to lateral flow of a relatively thick crust toward the basin center. If such lateral flow occurs, the resulting timing, location, and magnitude of the extensional stresses predicted by our model are consistent with those inferred from the polygonal troughs. These results are not strongly dependent on the degree of lateral flow or the assumed crustal rigidity. For a dry plagioclase rheology and likely radiogenic heat fluxes, the crustal thickness around Caloris is 90–140 km. Similar late-stage uplift and extension probably do not occur in basins on the Moon and Mars because their crusts are too thin to allow analogous lateral flow.

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5

Cifra, Peter, Zuzana Benková, and Tomáš Bleha. "Chain Extension of DNA Confined in Channels." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 113, no. 7 (February 19, 2009): 1843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp806126r.

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6

Pegler, Samuel S. "The dynamics of confined extensional flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 804 (August 31, 2016): 24–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.516.

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I present a theoretical and experimental study of floating viscous fluid films introduced into a channel of finite length, motivated by the flow of glacial ice shelves. The dynamics are characterized by a mixture of viscous extensional stresses, transverse shear stresses and a driving buoyancy force. A theory based on a width-integrated model is developed and investigated using analytical, asymptotic and numerical methods. With fluid introduced at a constant rate, the flow is found to approach a steady state with two possible asymptotic forms depending on the length of the channel. For channel lengths less than half the width, the flow is similar to a purely extensional one-dimensional flow, characterized by concave surface profiles and being insensitive to the position of the channel exit (or calving front). Greater lengths result in a more complex asymptotic structure in which the flow adjusts over a short distance towards a prevailing flow of universal dimensionless form. In complete contrast to the extensional regime, the prevailing flow is controlled by the position of the channel exit. Data from a new laboratory experiment involving particle velocimetry of a floating fluid film compares well with the predicted along-channel velocity. Motivated by glaciological application, the analysis is generalized to power-law rheologies and the results used to classify the flow regimes of a selection of ice shelves. The prediction for the frontal speed is in good agreement with geophysical data, indicating that the universal profile predicted by the theory is common in nature.

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7

MEZGER, JOCHEN E., and CEES W. PASSCHIER. "Polymetamorphism and ductile deformation of staurolite–cordierite schist of the Bossòst dome: indication for Variscan extension in the Axial Zone of the central Pyrenees." Geological Magazine 140, no. 5 (September 2003): 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803008112.

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The Bossòst dome is an E–W-trending elongated structural and metamorphic dome developed in Cambro-Ordovician metasedimentary rocks in the Variscan Axial Zone of the central Pyrenees. A steep fault separates a northern half-dome, cored by massif granite, from an E–W-trending doubly plunging antiform with granitic sills and dykes in the core to the south. The main foliation is a flat-lying S1/2 schistosity that grades into a steeper-dipping slaty cleavage at the dome margins. Three major deformational and two metamorphic phases can be differentiated. S1/2 schistosity is an axial planar cleavage to W-vergent recumbent folding that probably occurred in mid-Westphalian time. Peak regional metamorphism M1 is characterized by static growth of staurolite and garnet following thermal relaxation of the previously thickened crust. Strong non-coaxial deformation recording uniform top-to-the-SE extension during D2a is preserved in staurolite–garnet schists in a 1.5 km thick, shallowly SE-dipping zone in the southeastern dome. A 500 m thick contact aureole (M2) was imprinted on the regionally metamorphosed rocks following the intrusion the Bossòst granite during D2b. More coaxial deformation prevailed during synkinematic growth of M2 phases in the inner part of the contact aureole around the northern part of the dome, where it obliterated D2a fabrics. Progressive non-coaxial deformation continued in the southeastern antiform and is recorded by late-synkinematic growth of cordierite. Successive overprinting of the M1 staurolite–garnet assemblage by andalusite and cordierite of M2 is preserved in the southern part. The assemblage muscovite+cordierite+staurolite+biotite is considered metastable, given the low Mn and Zn contents of staurolite and cordierite, and interpreted as the result of prograde metamorphism during decompression. P–T conditions during M2 were approximately 3 kbar and 600 °C. Pervasive crenulations and mesoscopic to regional southerly verging folds are the result of D3 NNE–SSW compression post-dating ductile deformation and contact metamorphism. Polymetamorphic assemblages of the Bossòst dome preserve a regionally confined zone of ESE-directed extensional shearing within an overall N–S compressional setting. Exact timing of extensional shearing is not known, but can be constrained by recumbent folding during the mid-Westphalian and granitic intrusions, which confine it to Late Carboniferous time (c. 305 Ma). Crustal-scale flat-lying extensional shear zones with similar orientation and time frame are observed in the Hospitalêt massif of the eastern Axial Zone. This suggests that crustal extension, though probably restricted by regional strain partitioning over orthogneiss or intruding granitic bodies within an overall compressive setting, was not uncommon in Late Carboniferous time in the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees.

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8

Morapedi, Setumile. "Passive constructions in Setswana." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v3i1.1374.

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The paper analyses passive constructions in Setswana from morpho-syntactic view point, showing that the suffixation of a passive morpheme to the verb reduces the argument structure of the verb. Previous studies carried out in Setswana verbal suffixes have confined their investigations to these morphemes as elements of morphology but have failed to observe that these affixes overlap into syntax. Chebanne (1996) observes that in Setswana, verbal extensions can combine with a single verbal base but fail to observe the overlap into syntax. Further, the studies do not give any insight in the features that Setswana shares with other Bantu languages. The passive construction in Setswana, like in other Bantu languages, is a bit complex in the sense that the verbal extension –iw brings into effect the dropping of the subject, and the object becomes the grammatical subject, thus rendering the transitive verb, such as, apaya ‘cook’ intransitive. Conversely, other derivational suffixes, such as applicative and causative, increase the verb’s arguments by two. For instance, the suffixation of the verbal suffix –el suggests an entity carrying out the action and somebody benefiting. The paper also compares passive with other verbal extensions such as neuter, applicative, causatives and reciprocals. It shows that while the passive occurs with most verbs and other verbal extensions, such as, applicative or causative suffixes, the neuter is rigid in occurring with other verbal extensions. The paper also appeals to Lexical Mapping Theory, whose role is to constrain mapping relations between thematic roles, such as an agent or patient and the corresponding grammatical functions, such as the subject, patient and oblique that have been subcategorized for by predicates

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Scholz, Christopher A., Donna J. Shillington, Lachlan J. M. Wright, Natalie Accardo, James B. Gaherty, and Patrick Chindandali. "Intrarift fault fabric, segmentation, and basin evolution of the Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa." Geosphere 16, no. 5 (July 10, 2020): 1293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02228.1.

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Abstract The Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, in the East African Rift System (EARS), is an ideal modern analogue for the study of extensional tectonic systems in low strain rate settings. The seismically active rift contains the 700-m-deep Lake Malawi, one of the world’s oldest and largest freshwater lakes with one of the most diverse endemic faunal assemblages on Earth. Modern and reprocessed legacy multichannel seismic-reflection data are constrained by velocity information from a wide-angle seismic experiment to evaluate variability in extension, segmentation, and timing of fault development along the 550-km-long rift zone. Fault geometries and patterns of synrift sediment fills show that the Lake Malawi Rift is composed of three asymmetric rift segments, with intervening accommodation zone morphologies controlled by the degree of overlap between segment border faults. Most extension occurs on the basin border faults, and broadly distributed extension is only observed at one accommodation zone, where no border fault overlap is observed. Structural restorations indicate a weakly extended rift system (∼7 km), with diminishing values of extension and thinner rift fill from north to south, suggesting a progressively younger rift to the south. There is no evidence of diking, sill injection, or extrusives within the synrift fill of the Lake Malawi Rift, although the volcanic load of the Rungwe magmatic system north of the lake and related subsidence may explain the presence of anomalously thick synrift fill in the northernmost part of the lake. The thickest synrift depocenters (∼5.5 km) are confined to narrow 10- to 20-km-wide zones adjacent to each rift segment border fault, indicating concentration of strain on border faults rather than intrarift faults. Intrarift structures control axial sediment delivery in the North and Central rift segments, focusing sediment into confined areas resulting in localized overpressure and shale diapirs. The asymmetric, basement-controlled relief was established early in rift development. When overprinted with frequent high-amplitude hydroclimate fluctuations, which are well documented for this basin, the resulting highly variable landscape and lake morphometry through time likely impacted the diverse endemic faunas that evolved within the basin. New seismic-reflection data, augmented by wide-angle seismic data and age constraints from drill core, offer the most highly resolved 3D view to date of latest Cenozoic extensional deformation in East Africa and provide a foundation for hazards analysis, resource assessments, and constraining deformation in a low strain rate, magma-poor active rift.

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Tu, Michael Q., Hung V. Nguyen, Elliel Foley, Michael I. Jacobs, and Charles M. Schroeder. "3D manipulation and dynamics of soft materials in 3D flows." Journal of Rheology 67, no. 4 (June 15, 2023): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000600.

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Flow-based manipulation of particles is an essential tool for studying soft materials, but prior work has nearly exclusively relied on using two-dimensional (2D) flows generated in planar microfluidic geometries. In this work, we demonstrate 3D trapping and manipulation of freely suspended particles, droplets, and giant unilamellar vesicles in 3D flow fields using automated flow control. Three-dimensional flow fields including uniaxial extension and biaxial extension are generated in 3D-printed fluidic devices combined with active feedback control for particle manipulation in 3D. Flow fields are characterized using particle tracking velocimetry complemented by finite-element simulations for all flow geometries. Single colloidal particles (3.4 μm diameter) are confined in low viscosity solvent (1.0 mPa s) near the stagnation points of uniaxial and biaxial extensional flow for long times (≥10 min) using active feedback control. Trap stiffness is experimentally determined by analyzing the power spectral density of particle position fluctuations. We further demonstrate precise manipulation of colloidal particles along user-defined trajectories in three dimensions using automated flow control. Newtonian liquid droplets and GUVs are trapped and deformed in precisely controlled uniaxial and biaxial extensional flows, which is a new demonstration for 3D flow fields. Overall, this work extends flow-based manipulation of particles and droplets to three dimensions, thereby enabling quantitative analysis of colloids and soft materials in complex nonequilibrium flows.

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Gomez, Francisco, William J. Cochran, Rayan Yassminh, Rani Jaafar, Robert Reilinger, Mike Floyd, Robert W. King, and Muawia Barazangi. "Fragmentation of the Sinai Plate indicated by spatial variation in present-day slip rate along the Dead Sea Fault System." Geophysical Journal International 221, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1913–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa095.

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SUMMARY A comprehensive GPS velocity field along the Dead Sea Fault System (DSFS) provides new constraints on along-strike variations of near-transform crustal deformation along this plate boundary, and internal deformation of the Sinai and Arabian plates. In general, geodetically derived slip rates decrease northwards along the transform (5.0 ± 0.2 to 2.2 ± 0.5 mm yr−1) and are consistent with geological slip rates averaged over longer time periods. Localized reductions in slip rate occur where the Sinai Plate is in ∼N–S extension. Extension is confined to the Sinai side of the fault and is associated with prominent changes in transform geometry, and with NW–SE striking, left-lateral splay faults, including the Carmel Fault in Israel and the Roum Fault in Lebanon. The asymmetry of the extensional velocity gradients about the transform reflects active fragmentation of the Sinai Plate along the continental margin. Additionally, elastic block modelling of GPS velocities requires an additional structure off-shore the northern DSF segment, which may correspond with a fault located along the continental margin, suggested by prior geophysical studies.

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Benková, Zuzana, and Peter Cifra. "Comparison of linear and ring DNA macromolecules moderately and strongly confined in nanochannels." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 2 (March 21, 2013): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120279.

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Understanding the mechanism of DNA extension in nanochannels is necessary for interpretation of experiments in nanofluidic channel devices that have been conducted recently with both linear and ring chains. The present article reviews the situation with linear chains and analyses the experimental results and simulations for channel-induced extension (linearization) of ring chains. Results for confined rings indicate a transition between moderate and strong confinement similar to that of linear chains. Owing to stronger self-avoidance in confined rings, the transition and chain extension is shifted relative to linear DNA. We suggest that a relationship similar to that used for the extension of linear chains may also be used for circular DNA.

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G .P. Mietus, W., O. K. Matar, C. J. Lawrence, and B. J. Briscoe. "Droplet deformation in confined shear and extensional flow." Chemical Engineering Science 57, no. 7 (April 2002): 1217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00018-0.

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Goel, Atul, Abhidha Shah, Dattatraya Muzumdar, Trimurti Nadkarni, and Aadil Chagla. "Trigeminal neurinomas with extracranial extension: analysis of 28 surgically treated cases." Journal of Neurosurgery 113, no. 5 (November 2010): 1079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.10.jns091149.

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Object The object of this paper was to review the authors' experience with 28 cases of trigeminal neurinomas having an extracranial extension. Methods The authors analyzed 28 cases of trigeminal neurinoma in which there was an extracranial extension of the tumor. All patients were treated in their department between the years 1989 and 2009. Results There was tumor extension along the ophthalmic division of the nerve in 4 cases, along the maxillary division in 5, and along the mandibular division in 13. In 6 tumors there was diffuse extracranial extension and the exact extracranial division of nerve involvement could not be ascertained. In 10 cases, the tumor had a multicompartmental location—in the posterior fossa, the middle fossa, and the extracranial compartment. Tingling paraesthesiae, numbness, and diffuse pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve were common symptoms and were present in 90% of patients. The extracranial component had a well-defined perineural/meningeal membrane cover that was continuous with the middle fossa dura mater and isolated the tumor tissue from the adjoining critical structures. In 7 out of 10 cases, even the posterior fossa component of the tumor was entirely “interdural” (within the confines of the dura). The maximum dimension of the tumor was > 4 cm in 22 cases. A limited “transcranial” approach with (12 cases) or without (16 cases) zygomatic osteotomy was found suitable for resection of these tumors. In 4 cases a lateral orbitotomy was performed. Total tumor resection was performed in 20 cases and partial resection in 8. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 19 years. Two patients required additional surgery for symptomatic recurrence. Conclusions Extracranial extensions of trigeminal neurinomas have a well-defined meningeal covering. In most cases resection was performed via a minimally invasive cranial avenue (a “reverse skull base approach”). Radical resection was associated with an excellent long-term outcome.

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Bhattacharyya, Pinaki, and Binny J. Cherayil. "Chain extension of a confined polymer in steady shear flow." Journal of Chemical Physics 137, no. 19 (November 21, 2012): 194906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4765295.

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Tian, Nan, Baijin Zhao, Xiangyang Li, Yanping Liu, Weiqing Zhou, Kunpeng Cui, Dong Liu, and Liangbin Li. "Confined crystallization in end-linked PEO network under uniaxial extension." Polymer 54, no. 26 (December 2013): 7088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.055.

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Loaiciga, Hugo A., and Miguel A. Mariño. "The inverse problem for confined aquifer flow: Identification and estimation with extensions." Water Resources Research 23, no. 1 (January 1987): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wr023i001p00092.

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Otto, K. N., and E. K. Antonsson. "Extensions to the Taguchi Method of Product Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919325.

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The Taguchi method of product design is an experimental approximation to minimizing the expected value of target variance for certain classes of problems. Taguchi’s method is extended to designs which involve variables each of which has a range of values all of which must be satisfied (necessity), and designs which involve variables each of which has a range of values any of which might be used (possibility). Tuning parameters, as a part of the design process, are also demonstrated within Taguchi’s method. The method is also extended to solve design problems with constraints, invoking the methods of constrained optimization. Finally, the Taguchi method uses a factorial method to search the design space, with a confined definition of an optimal solution. This is compared with other methods of searching the design space and their definitions of an optimal solution.

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Li, Ming, and Jizeng Wang. "Stretching Wormlike Chains in Narrow Tubes of Arbitrary Cross-Sections." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122050.

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We considered the stretching of semiflexible polymer chains confined in narrow tubes with arbitrary cross-sections. Based on the wormlike chain model and technique of normal mode decomposition in statistical physics, we derived a compact analytical expression on the force-confinement-extension relation of the chains. This single formula was generalized to be valid for tube confinements with arbitrary cross-sections. In addition, we extended the generalized bead-rod model for Brownian dynamics simulations of confined polymer chains subjected to force stretching, so that the confinement effects to the chains applied by the tubes with arbitrary cross-sections can be quantitatively taken into account through numerical simulations. Extensive simulation examples on the wormlike chains confined in tubes of various shapes quantitatively justified the theoretically derived generalized formula on the force-confinement-extension relation of the chains.

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Contreras, Sergio, and Alejandro Gil-Villegas. "Confined Quantum Hard Spheres." Entropy 23, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060775.

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We present computer simulation and theoretical results for a system of N Quantum Hard Spheres (QHS) particles of diameter σ and mass m at temperature T, confined between parallel hard walls separated by a distance Hσ, within the range 1≤H≤∞. Semiclassical Monte Carlo computer simulations were performed adapted to a confined space, considering effects in terms of the density of particles ρ*=N/V, where V is the accessible volume, the inverse length H−1 and the de Broglie’s thermal wavelength λB=h/2πmkT, where k and h are the Boltzmann’s and Planck’s constants, respectively. For the case of extreme and maximum confinement, 0.5<H−1<1 and H−1=1, respectively, analytical results can be given based on an extension for quantum systems of the Helmholtz free energies for the corresponding classical systems.

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Patel, Shantanu, and C. Derek Martin. "Application of Flattened Brazilian Test to Investigate Rocks Under Confined Extension." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 51, no. 12 (August 1, 2018): 3719–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1559-1.

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Aldabergenov, Yermek, and Sergei Ketov. "Modified Born–Infeld-Dilaton-Axion Coupling in Supersymmetry." Symmetry 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11010014.

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We propose the supersymmetric extension of the modified Born–Infeld-axion-dilaton non-linear electrodynamics that has confined static abelian solutions used for describing the electromagnetic confinement in the presence of axion and dilaton fields, as well as charged matter. The supersymmetric extension also has the non-trivial scalar potential that implies the upper bounds on the matter fields.

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Cerantola, Yannick, Massimo Valerio, Aida Kawkabani Marchini, Jean-Yves Meuwly, and Patrice Jichlinski. "Can 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging accurately detect prostate cancer extracapsular extension?" Canadian Urological Association Journal 7, no. 11-12 (November 8, 2013): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.245.

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Background: Accurate staging is essential to determine the correct management of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. We assess the accuracy of 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with endorectal coil (3TemMRI) in detecting prostate cancer local extension.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts from January 2008 to July 2012 from all patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Patients were only included if 3TemMRI and radical prostatectomywere performed at our institution. Based on the presence of extracapsular extension (ECE) at 3TemMRI, prostate cancer was dichotomized into locally advanced or organ-confined disease. The accuracy of 3TemMRI local staging was then evaluated using definitive pathology as a reference.Results: Overall, 177 radical prostatectomies were performed within the timeframe. After applying exclusion criteria, 60 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean patient age was 67 ± 7 (standard deviation) years. Mean prostate-specific antigen value was 12.7 ± 12.7 ng/L. Based on preoperative characteristics, we considered 38 of the 60 patients (63%) patients high risk. 3TemMRI identified an organ-confined tumour in 46 patients and locally advanced disease in 14 patients. When correlated to final pathology, 3TemMRI specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy in detecting locally advanced prostate cancer were 90%, 35%, 57%, 79% and 62%, respectively.Interpretation: This study shows that the use of preoperative 3TemMRI can be used to identify organ-confined prostate cancer when locally advanced disease is suspected.

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Tseng, W. D., and J. Q. Tarn. "A Circular Elastic Cylinder Under Extension." Journal of Mechanics 27, no. 3 (August 31, 2011): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2011.42.

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ABSTRACTAnalysis of deformation and stress field in a circular elastic cylinder under the extension is presented, with emphasis on the end effect. The problem is formulated on the basis of the state space formalism for axisymmetric deformation of transversely isotropic materials. A rigorous solution that satisfies the prescribed end conditions is determined by using symplectic eigenfunction expansion, thereby, the applicability of the Saint-Venant solution is examined. The results show that the end effect is significant but confined to a local region near the base of the cylinder where the end plane is perfectly bonded or subjected to a concentrated load. As the axial stiffness increases, the end effect on the stress state increases at the loaded end but decreases at the bonded end. The displacement and stress distributions across the section are uniform throughout the length of the cylinder except near the ends.

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Bleha, Tomáš, and Peter Cifra. "Stretching and compression of DNA by external forces under nanochannel confinement." Soft Matter 14, no. 7 (2018): 1247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02413d.

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Chuang, Hui-Min, Jeffrey G. Reifenberger, Aditya Bikram Bhandari, and Kevin D. Dorfman. "Extension distribution for DNA confined in a nanochannel near the Odijk regime." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 11 (September 21, 2019): 114903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5121305.

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27

Lin, Shuchen, Qing Zhang, Ping Li, Zhaobin Li, Yi Sun, Yuhui Shao, Xiulong Zhang, and Shen Fu. "Prediction of Extraprostatic Extension in Patients with Clinically Organ-Confined Prostate Cancer." Urologia Internationalis 92, no. 3 (2014): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000353654.

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28

Iliafar, Sara, Dmitri Vezenov, and Anand Jagota. "In-plane force–extension response of a polymer confined to a surface." European Polymer Journal 51 (February 2014): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.001.

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29

Chang, Wei-Ting, Jyun-Hao Sie, Ya-Wen Tsai, Yi-Wei Chen, Chi-How Peng, Xiaosong Wang, and Chien-Lung Wang. "Synthesis of polystyrene living nanoparticles (LNPs) in water via nano-confined free radical polymerization." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 46 (2020): 7349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01300e.

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Nano-confined free radical polymerization of styrene within the hydrophobic interior of a unimolecular micelle in water was developed to produce living nanoparticles (LNPs) that contain living mono-disperse polystyrenes for further chain extension.

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30

Mustafa, Shakir F., A. Bocca, Adrian W. Sugar, and Steven J. Key. "The Use of Detachable Flanges on Customized Titanium Orbital Implants: A Technical Note." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 4, no. 4 (December 2011): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1286115.

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The combined use of three-dimensional reformatted images, stereolithographic models, and rapid prototyping allows the construction of an accurate, individually made titanium implant for the reconstruction of orbital floor defects. Despite the perfect fit of the custom-made plate to the model, there might be several locations on the bone where the plate may reside intraoperatively. Most titanium orbital plates therefore contain extensions over the inferior orbital rim to help locate and stabilize the plate in its position on the bone. Such over-the-rim extensions may be palpable and can cause discomfort postoperatively. We describe the use of two small detachable flanges that help to accurately locate the orbital plate in place and allow its fixation. The locating flanges are then detached and discarded, leaving a smooth implant surface within the confines of the bony orbit.

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31

Wang, Aijuan, Brady Manescau, Khaled Chetehouna, Steve Rudz, and Ludovic Lamoot. "Experimental study on the flame extension and risk analysis of a diffusion impinging flame in confined compartment." Journal of Fire Sciences 39, no. 4 (June 17, 2021): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07349041211015766.

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In this work, an experimental investigation on a diffusion impinging flame in a confined compartment was performed. The objective was to study the influence of confinement on the behavior of a flame impinging the ceiling and to deduce the auto-ignition risk of the smoke produced in the confined compartment. For this, configurations with five confinement levels were constructed by the condition of windows and/or door in the compartment and the variation of the heat release rates was made between 0.5 and 18.6 kW. To evaluate the flame morphology and flame extension length, an image processing method based on the direct linear transformation algorithm and the fire segmentation algorithm was adopted. From the experimental data, it was shown that the heat release rate of 4.6 kW presents a critical value for the flame extension in confined configurations, which corresponds to the equivalence ratio of the enclosure greater than 1, highlighting an under-ventilated environment. In addition, an auto-ignition risk analysis of smoke with unburnt gas in the compartment was carried out. The concentration and temperature of these gases were compared to the lower flammability limits and the auto-ignition temperature. It was observed that there was auto-ignition risk of the smoke under the ceiling, especially in the confined compartment of equivalence ratio greater than 1. Under these conditions, it is possible to have a fire spread to another compartment.

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32

Doll, Jerry D., and Charles A. Francis. "Participatory Research and Extension Strategies for Sustainable Agricultural Systems." Weed Technology 6, no. 2 (June 1992): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00035089.

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Conventional strategies for developing component technologies are being challenged by the complexities of today's agricultural environment. The needs for support of adaptive research, for sufficient field sites to evaluate location specificity of technologies, and for testing components as parts of total farm systems are not easily met within the confines of the experiment station. On-farm research strategies involve the farmer and rancher in project design, field implementation, collection and evaluation of data, and interpretation of results. Farmer presentations in extension meetings and field tours involve these cooperators in the demonstration and technology sharing process. Farmers in Nebraska and Wisconsin have applied this process to research nitrogen levels in continuous and rotated cereals, the use of allelopathic chemicals from rye(Secale cerealeL.) to reduce herbicide costs in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] production, on other alternative weed management strategies, and strip cropping to reduce soil erosion and meet government program compliance requirements. Useful in a wide range of ecological and economic circumstances, participatory methods using farming systems research and extension strategies have global applications.

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33

Schoeman, N. K., S. W. Jacobsz, E. P. Kearsley, and J. Wesseloo. "The effect of overburden and confined stress state on cave mining propagation." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 122, no. 11 (January 17, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1910/2022.

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A physical modelling approach was adopted to simulate the process of cave mining propagation at various horizontal to vertical stress state ratios, and image data was captured and used to characterize the resulting failure mechanisms. Image processing was integrated into the study to determine minor principal strains in models to identify where critical extensional strains had been exceeded relative to crack propagation. The study exhibited a scale factor magnitude of 119 using a calculated critical extensional strain value of 0.014% for the modelling material used. It was perceived that cave propagation occurred through successive parallel extensional 'fracture bands' in all cases, as noticed in models of prior studies, deviating from that described by the Duplancic model. Cracks tended to bisect regions of minor principal strain equal to the critical extensional strain, which suggests 'fracture banding' is an acceptable failure mode for brittle, rock-like materials. Moreover, it was found that models with lower horizontal to vertical stress ratios (K ratios) showed a greater degree of vertical development of the caving mechanism (at similar vertical stresses), while the vertical extent of the cave was suppressed in models with higher K ratios. Models subjected to larger vertical stresses experienced slower cave formation in latter time-steps. These models exhibited larger two-dimensional caved perimeters and areas, respectively.

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34

Sheikh-Ahmad, Mohammad, Yara Shalata, Jacob Bejar, Hila Kreizman Shefer, Majd F. Sirhan, Monica Laniado, Ibrahim Matter, et al. "The Correlation between Proliferative Immunohistochemical Markers and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Aggressiveness." Medicina 59, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010110.

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Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. In order to improve the ability to predict tumor behavior, several studies have been conducted to search for surrogate prognostic immunohistochemical tumor markers. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the intensity of different immunohistochemical marker staining in PTC and the risk for extrathyroidal extension and metastases. Materials and Methods: The study comprised patients who underwent hemi- or total thyroidectomy. Thyroid tissues were immunohistochemically stained for different tumor proliferative markers: Minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 (MCM2), Ki-67 labeling index, E-Cadherin, Neuropilin-1 and Metallothionein. The correlation between the intensity of each marker staining and the final diagnosis (benign neoplasm and PTC) and the correlation between the intensity of each staining and tumor extrathyroidal extension and metastases were evaluated. Results: The study included 66 patients. Staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly differed between benign neoplasm (n = 22) and thyroid-confined PTC (n = 21) (p = 0.002, 0.004 and 0.005, respectively), between benign neoplasm and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (n = 11) (p = 0.001, 0.006 and 0.01, respectively), and between benign neoplasm and PTC with metastases (n = 12) (p = 0.01, <0.001 and 0.037, respectively). No staining correlated with extrathyroidal extension. The intensity of E-Cadherin staining was significantly lower in PTC with metastases than thyroid confined PTC and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.028 and 0.021, respectively). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly distinguished between benign thyroid tumor and PTC. E-Cadherin staining significantly and inversely correlated with the presence of metastases.

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35

Fan, W., M. H. Yu, Yasuji Oda, Yu Li Lin, Li Wen Chen, and Takahiro Iwatate. "Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Ground Fissure." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.87.

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The ground fissure is one of primary geological disasters in Xi’an, China. The extension pattern and deformation failure area near fissure are studied through the FEM of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics in this paper. The results show the crack extension is not completely tension crack, it is mixed mode when the confined aquifer was pumped. The extents of earth surface deformation and stress concentration of beyond plate are larger than that of the bottom one. It is consistent with observational results.

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36

Reilly, Peter L., and Peter E. Oatey. "Optic nerve apoplexy." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 2 (February 1986): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.2.0313.

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✓ Two patients who suffered loss of vision due to spontaneous optic nerve hematomas are described. The hemorrhage was contained within the pial confines of the involved optic nerve, although there was some extension more posteriorly. The diagnosis of an intraneural cryptic arteriovenous malformation was histologically confirmed in one case and was supported by evidence in the other. Surgical evacuation by the subfrontal approach was undertaken and visual function improved.

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37

Bhandari, Aditya Bikram, and Kevin D. Dorfman. "Simulations corroborate telegraph model predictions for the extension distributions of nanochannel confined DNA." Biomicrofluidics 13, no. 4 (July 2019): 044110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5109566.

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38

Tseng, W. D., J. Q. Tarn, and J. H. Chang. "Laminated Tubes under Extension, Internal and External Pressure." Journal of Mechanics 30, no. 5 (March 13, 2014): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2014.6.

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AbstractAn exact analysis of deformation and stress field in a laminated elastic tube under extension and uniform pressuring is presented. The problem of finite laminated tube is considered with emphasis on the end effect. The problem is formulated on the basis of the state space formalism for axisymmetric deformation of transversely isotropic layer. The transfer matrix transmits the state vector in radial direction from inner surface to outer surface and takes into account the interfacial continuity and lateral boundary conditions in a rigorous manner. Upon delineating the symplectic orthogonality relations of the eigenvectors and by using eigenfunction expansion, an exact solution which satisfies the end conditions is determined. The results show that the end effect is significant but confined to a local region near the base where the displacement and stress distributions are remarkably different from those according to the simplified solutions that only satisfy lateral BC.

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39

Chinappi, M., and E. De Angelis. "Confined dynamics of a single DNA molecule." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1944 (June 13, 2011): 2329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0096.

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The effect of a slit-like confinement on the relaxation dynamics of DNA is studied via a mesoscale model in which a bead and spring model for the polymer is coupled to a particle-based Navier–Stokes solver (multi-particle collision dynamics). The confinement is found to affect the equilibrium stretch of the chain when the bulk gyration radius is comparable to or smaller than the channel height and our data are in agreement with the ( R g,bulk / h ) 1/4 scaling of the polymer extension in the wall tangential direction. Relaxation simulation at different confinements indicates that, while the overall behaviour of the relaxation dynamics is similar for low and strong confinements, a small, but significant, slowing of the far-equilibrium relaxation is found as the confinement increases.

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40

Jha, Binit Kumar, Prabhat Jha, Rajiv Jha, and Prakash Bista. "Craniopharyngioma arising from fourth ventricle." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v17i2.30166.

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Craniopharyngiomas usually involve the sellar and suprasellar space. Very few cases of craniopharyngiomas arising in the posterior fossa without extension to the sellar and suprasellar space have been reported in literature. This case describes a patient with craniopharyngioma confined only to the ventricular system.

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41

Brubaker, Rogers. "Migration, Membership, and the Modern Nation-State: Internal and External Dimensions of the Politics of Belonging." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 41, no. 1 (June 2010): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2010.41.1.61.

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The politics of belonging—political struggles about the membership status of populations both within and outside the geographical confines of particular nation-states—derive from four conditions: (1) the migration of borders over people, (2) the deep and enduring inequalities between mainstream and minority populations, (3) the persisting legacies of empire, and (4) the migration of people over borders. New forms of external membership represent an extension and adaptation of the nation-state model, not its transcendence.

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42

DU, ZHUO, XIN-LEI FAN, QIN YANG, and CHENG-MING TIAN. "Host and geographic range extensions of Melanconiella, with a new species M. cornuta in China." Phytotaxa 327, no. 3 (November 10, 2017): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.4.

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Members of Melanconiella are opportunistic pathogens and endophytic fungi, and have been found to confined so far, on the collection of host family Betulaceae. Moreover, two fresh specimens associated with canker and dieback of Cornus controversa and Juglans regia collected in Shaanxi, China were found as distinct and new species of Melanconiella, based on morphological and multi-gene, combined, phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α). Results also revealed the host and geographic range extensions of this genus. Melanconiella cornuta sp. nov. is introduced with an illustrated account and differs from similar species in its host association and multigene phylogeny.

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43

Riaz, Haider, Alex R. Klotz, and Dr Walter W. Reisner. "Force-fluctuation physics of confined DNA: probing the breakdown of the Marko-Siggia law." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v8i1.110.

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Introduction: The study of polymers in nanofluidic systems such as nanopores and nanochannels is an important avenue of research in the physical and life sciences today. Complex nanofluidic devices containing varying topography are ideal for quantifying the behaviour of polymers under confinement. This study investigates the Marko-Siggia force-extension relationship under confinement. We measure the transverse fluctuations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) confined between two pits in a nanofluidic slit to measure the potential breakdown of this model. Methods: We took images of fluorescently tagged single DNA molecules in the nanopit array with video- fluorescence microscopy and analyzed the standard deviation of the peak position along the direction of the molecular extension. Results: We were able to measure the parabolic relation between position and the strength of transverse fluctuations. By examining the peak variance as a function of slit height, our results indicate that the two dimensional version of the force-fluctuation relationship may be appropriate in the limit of strong confinement. However, we could not consistently measure the absolute length of the DNA stretched between two pits, which prevented us from fully exploring the force-extension and force-fluctuation relationships of confined DNA. Conclusions: These experiments further demonstrate that nanofluidic confinement serves as a useful tool for testing the extreme properties of polymers, and our results suggest further investigation into the breakdown of the Marko-Siggia force law.

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44

Leite, Kátia R. M., Miguel Srougi, Ruy G. Bevilacqua, Marcos Dall'Oglio, Cássio Andreoni, José R. Kaufmann, Luciano Nesrallah, Adriano Nesrallah, and Luiz H. Camara-Lopes. "Quantification of tumor extension in prostate biopsies: importance in the identification of confined tumors." International braz j urol 29, no. 6 (December 2003): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-55382003000600003.

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45

TAKAHASHI, Naoki, Manabu TAKAHASHI, Takato TAKEMURA, Yukiyasu FUJII, and Hyuck PARK. "Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Kimachi Sandstone under Confined Compression and Extension Test Conditions." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 53, no. 3 (2012): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.53.121.

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46

Mazharimousavi, S. Habib, Z. Amirabi, and M. Halilsoy. "Thin-shell wormholes in (2 + 1)-dimensional Einstein-scalar theory." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 10 (March 27, 2017): 1750064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231750064x.

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We present an infinite class of one-parameter scalar field extensions to the Bañados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) black hole in 2 + 1 dimensions. By virtue of the scalar charge, the thin-shell wormhole supported by a linear fluid at the throat becomes stable against linear perturbations. More interestingly, we provide an example of thin-shell wormhole which is strictly stable in the sense that it is confined in between two classically intransmissible potential barriers.

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47

Imamura, Junichi, and Yutaka Watanabe. "Multiple brain abscesses associated with a mycotic aneurysm of the left common carotid artery." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 2 (February 1986): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.2.0325.

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✓ A case is reported of multiple microabscesses confined to the left cerebral hemisphere and an aneurysm of the left common carotid artery. The aneurysm was presumed to be mycotic, secondary to extension of a tonsillar and pharyngeal infection. Infected microemboli dislodged from the aneurysmal sac were presumed to be the cause of the multiple microabscesses.

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48

Benková, Zuzana, Lucia Rišpanová, and Peter Cifra. "Conformation of Flexible and Semiflexible Chains Confined in Nanoposts Array of Various Geometries." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051064.

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The conformation and distribution of a flexible and semiflexible chain confined in an array of nanoposts arranged in parallel way in a square-lattice projection of their cross-section was investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The geometry of the nanopost array was varied at the constant post diameter dp and the ensuing modifications of the chain conformation were compared with the structural behavior of the chain in the series of nanopost arrays with the constant post separation Sp as well as with the constant distance between two adjacent post walls (passage width) wp. The free energy arguments based on an approximation of the array of nanopost to a composite of quasi-channels of diameter dc and quasi-slits of height wp provide semiqualitative explanations for the observed structural behavior of both chains. At constant post separation and passage width, the occupation number displays a monotonic decrease with the increasing geometry ratio dc/wp or volume fraction of posts, while a maximum is observed at constant post diameter. The latter finding is attributed to a relaxed conformation of the chains at small dc/wp ratio, which results from a combination of wide interstitial volumes and wide passage apertures. This maximum is approximately positioned at the same dc/wp value for both flexible and semiflexible chains. The chain expansion from a single interstitial volume into more interstitial volumes also starts at the same value of dc/wp ratio for both chains. The dependence of the axial chain extension on the dc/wp ratio turns out to be controlled by the diameter of the interstitial space and by the number of monomers in the individual interstitial volumes. If these two factors act in the same way on the axial extension of chain fragments in interstitial volumes the monotonic increase of the axial chain extension with the dc/wp in the nanopost arrays is observed. At constant wp, however, these two factors act in opposite way and the axial chain extension plotted against the dc/wp ratio exhibits a maximum. In the case of constant post diameter, the characteristic hump in the single chain structure factor whose position correlates with the post separation is found only in the structure factor of the flexible chain confined in the nanopost array of certain value of Sp. The structure factor of the flexible chain contains more information on the monomer organization and mutual correlations than the structure factor of the semiflexible chain. The stiffer chain confined in the nanopost array is composed of low number of statistical segments important for the presence of respective hierarchical regimes in the structure factor.

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49

Newman, Steven E., and Karen L. Panter. "Extension Program Delivery for Greenhouse Growers Using Compressed Video Technology." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 507d—507. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.507d.

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There is a need for educational programming for greenhouse growers on effective uses of biorational pesticides and biological controls of insect and mite pests, diseases, and alternatives to herbicide sprays in confined areas; however, in many states, travel for specialists for programming and workshops is becoming prohibitive. A series of programs outlining Best Management Practices (BMP) for the greenhouse industry outlining techniques and practices reducing pesticide use were conducted at multiple sites in Colorado simultaneously using interactive compressed video technology. This conferencing technology is gaining wide acceptance in many venues and provides an opportunity for wider participation of clientele without travel. Participants in the programs reported in post-session evaluations that they did miss the personal interaction with the speakers, but did acknowledge that not having to drive 5 hours to attend a seminar was quite beneficial.

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50

Iezzi, Federica, Andrea Quarti, Chiara Surace, and Marco Pozzi. "Paediatric Nonfunctioning Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Extension up to Right-Side Heart: Cardiac Surgery Approach." Case Reports in Cardiology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2321017.

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Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy. Due to late diagnosis and no adequate effective adjuvant treatment, prognosis remains poor. Only approximately 30% of these malignancies are confined to the adrenal gland when they are diagnosed, as these tumors tend to be found years after their genesis. Cardiac involvement of adrenal carcinoma is very rare. We report a rare case of a 7-year-old female with right adrenal cortical carcinoma, involving the right-side heart.

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