Journal articles on the topic 'Extension'
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CUTKOSKY, STEVEN DALE. "A generalisation of the Abhyankar Jung theorem to associated graded rings of valuations." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 160, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004115000687.
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AbstractSuppose thatR→Sis an extension of local domains andν* is a valuation dominatingS. We consider the natural extension of associated graded rings along the valuation grν*(R) → grν*(S). We give examples showing that in general, this extension does not share good properties of the extensionR→S, but after enough blow ups above the valuations, good properties of the extensionR→Sare reflected in the extension of associated graded rings. Stable properties of this extension (after blowing up) are much better in characteristic zero than in positive characteristic. Our main result is a generalisation of the Abhyankar–Jung theorem which holds for extensions of associated graded rings along the valuation, after enough blowing up.
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Reddy, Srinivas K., Susan L. Holak, and Subodh Bhat. "To Extend or Not to Extend: Success Determinants of Line Extensions." Journal of Marketing Research 31, no. 2 (May 1994): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379403100208.
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The authors study the determinants of line extension success using data on 75 line extensions of 34 cigarette brands over a 20-year period to investigate the relative effects of brand, extension, and firm characteristics on the incremental market share of brand line extensions. The econometric model also captures the extent of cannibalization of parent brand sales that may have occurred due to the line extension's introduction. The authors also explore the role of a brand's symbolic value as a factor in line extension success. Results indicate that parent brand strength and its symbolic value, early entry timing, a firm's size, and distinctive marketing competencies, as well as the advertising support allocated to line extensions, contribute positively to the success of line extensions. Their findings suggest that, in this industry, cannibalization effects of line extension activity may have been limited and line extensions into earlier subcategories actually may have helped the parent brand. Even with cannibalization, the incremental sales generated by the extension seem to be reason enough to make a line extension strategy viable.
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Álvarez Martín, David. "La extensión universitaria / University extension." Cuaderno de Pedagogia Universitaria 8, no. 16 (July 19, 2014): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29197/cpu.v8i16.153.
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Al celebrar la Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM) sus 50 años examinamos brevemente los fundamentos institucionales sobre la extensión universitaria y algunas de sus prácticas más destacadas en la actualidad. La extensión, junto a la docencia y la investigación, son las tres funciones esenciales para la experiencia universitaria. Argumentamos sobre sus modalidades, la forma en que la PUCMM la presenta en sus documentos institucionales y escogemos algunos casos, entre otros muchos, de los que existen hoy día en la Universidad.AbstractAs the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM) celebrates its 50th anniversary, we briefly examine the institutional foundations regarding university extension and some of its most relevant practices nowadays. University extension, along with education and research, are the three essential areas that constitute the University experience. In this article, we discuss its modalities, the way that the PUCMM presents it on the institutional documents, and we also select some cases, among many, of those that exist at present in our University.
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Kumar, Piyush. "Brand Counterextensions: The Impact of Brand Extension Success versus Failure." Journal of Marketing Research 42, no. 2 (May 2005): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.42.2.183.62289.
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In this article, the author investigates the impact of a brand extension's success versus failure on customer evaluation of brand counter-extensions. A counterextension is a brand extension that is launched into Category A by Brand 2 that belongs to Category B in a reciprocal direction to a launch of a previous extension into Category B by Brand 1 that belongs to Category A. The results from five studies show that customers evaluate a counterextension more favorably when the preceding extension is a success rather than a failure. Furthermore, the evaluation of the counterextension is superior if it is launched by a major brand, especially if the previous successful extension was also launched by a major brand. Finally, a successful extension indirectly dilutes a brand and results in a greater loss in choice share to a counterextension than does a failed extension. The key findings generalize to a sequence of extensions across more than one intercategory boundary.
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Spriano, Luca. "Well Ramified Extensions of Complete Discrete Valuation Fields with Applications to the Kato Conductor." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 52, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 1269–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2000-053-1.
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AbstractWe study extensions L/K of complete discrete valuation fields K with residue field of characteristic p > 0, which we do not assume to be perfect. Our work concerns ramification theory for such extensions, in particular we show that all classical properties which are true under the hypothesis “the residue field extensionis separable” are still valid under the more general hypothesis that the valuation ring extension is monogenic. We also show that conversely, if classical ramification properties hold true for an extension L/K, then the extension of valuation rings is monogenic. These are the “well ramified” extensions. We show that there are only three possible types of well ramified extensions and we give examples. In the last part of the paper we consider, for the three types, Kato’s generalization of the conductor, which we show how to bound in certain cases.
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Agustin Maulidiah, Ika, Gunawan Prayitno, and Aris Subagiyo. "The Role of Agricultural Extension on The Development of Farmers Group (Case Study: Pare Sub-district, Blitar Regency, East Java)." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 15, no. 3 (September 18, 2021): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2021.v15.i03.p06.
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Agricultural extension is a learning process that designed to improve the skills of agricultural operators, in particular farmers. This study aimed to determine whether agricultural extension activities have a role to play in the development of Agro-politan areas and what factors impact agricultural extension. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used. Based on descriptive statistical analysis, it can be seen that agricultural extension agents play a role in three subsystems in the Agropolitan Area (input subsystem, process subsystem, and marketing subsystem). Based on the correlation analysis and factor analysis, three factors influenced agricultural extension's success, such as the participation of farmers, the performance of agricultural extensions, and the methods of the extension used.
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Yeung, Catherine W. M., and Robert S. Wyer. "Does Loving a Brand Mean Loving Its Products? the Role of Brand-Elicited Affect in Brand Extension Evaluations." Journal of Marketing Research 42, no. 4 (November 2005): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.2005.42.4.495.
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Three studies examine the influence of brand-elicited affect on consumers' evaluations of brand extensions. When a brand spontaneously elicits affective reactions, consumers appear to form an initial impression of the brand's new extension based on these reactions. The affect that they experience for other reasons and attribute to the brand can influence this impression as well. Their later evaluations of the extension are then based on this impression. This is true regardless of the similarity between the extension and the core brand. These results contrast with evidence that affect influences brand extension evaluations through its mediating impact on perceptions of core-extension similarity. This latter influence occurs only when consumers are explicitly asked to estimate the extension's similarity to the core before they evaluate it.
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SLEMMONS, D. B. "Crustal Extension: Continental Extensional Tectonics." Science 239, no. 4844 (March 4, 1988): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.239.4844.1185.
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Dahoklory, Novita, and Henry Willyam Michel Patty. "Extension Field Which Are Galois Extensions." Tensor: Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal 3, no. 2 (November 14, 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tensorvol3iss2pp85-92.
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Majkić, Zoran. "Conservative Intensional Extension of Tarski's Semantics." Advances in Artificial Intelligence 2013 (February 26, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/920157.
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We considered an extension of the first-order logic (FOL) by Bealer's intensional abstraction operator. Contemporary use of the term “intension” derives from the traditional logical Frege-Russell doctrine that an idea (logic formula) has both an extension and an intension. Although there is divergence in formulation, it is accepted that the “extension” of an idea consists of the subjects to which the idea applies, and the “intension” consists of the attributes implied by the idea. From the Montague's point of view, the meaning of an idea can be considered as particular extensions in different possible worlds. In the case of standard FOL, we obtain a commutative homomorphic diagram, which is valid in each given possible world of an intensional FOL: from a free algebra of the FOL syntax, into its intensional algebra of concepts, and, successively, into an extensional relational algebra (different from Cylindric algebras). Then we show that this composition corresponds to the Tarski's interpretation of the standard extensional FOL in this possible world.
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Keller, Kevin Lane, and David A. Aaker. "The Effects of Sequential Introduction of Brand Extensions." Journal of Marketing Research 29, no. 1 (February 1992): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379202900104.
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A laboratory experiment examines factors affecting evaluations of proposed extensions from a core brand that has or has not already been extended into other product categories. Specifically, the perceived quality of the core brand and the number, success, and similarity of intervening brand extensions, by influencing perceptions of company credibility and product fit, are hypothesized to affect evaluations of proposed new extensions, as well as evaluations of the core brand itself. The findings indicate that evaluations of a proposed extension when there were intervening extensions differed from evaluations when there were no intervening extensions only when there was a significant disparity between the perceived quality of the intervening extension (as judged by its success or failure) and the perceived quality of the core brand. A successful intervening extension increased evaluations of a proposed extension only for an average quality core brand; an unsuccessful intervening extension decreased evaluations of a proposed extension only for a high quality core brand. Though a successful intervening extension also increased evaluations of an average quality core brand, an unsuccessful intervening extension did not decrease core brand evaluations regardless of the quality level of the core brand. The relative similarity of intervening extensions had little differential impact, but multiple intervening extensions had some different effects than a single intervening extension.
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B. NEETHI, B. NEETHI, and A. SAILAJA A. SAILAJA. "Participation of Farmers in Extension Activities of Extension Centres." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 11 (October 1, 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2013/1.
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Asher, Nicholas M., and Daniel Bonevac. "How extension al is extensional perception?" Linguistics and Philosophy 8, no. 2 (May 1985): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00632366.
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Dube, Themba, and Martin Mugochi. "Localic remote points revisited." Filomat 29, no. 1 (2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1501111d.
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We consider remote points in general extensions of frames, with an emphasis on perfect extensions. For a strict extension ?XL ? L determined by a set X of filters in L, we show that if there is an ultrafilter in X then the extension has a remote point. In particular, if a completely regular frame L has a maximal completely regular filter which is an ultrafilter, then ?L ? L has a remote point, where ?L is the Stone-C?ch compactification of L. We prove that in certain extensions associated with radical ideals and l-ideals of reduced f-rings, remote points induced by algebraic data are exactly non-essential prime ideals or non-essential irreducible l-ideals. Concerning coproducts, we show that if M1 ? L1 and M2 ? L2 are extensions of T1-frames, then each of these extensions has a remote point if the extensionM1?M2?L1?L2 has a remote point.
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Sichtmann, Christina, Klaus Schoefer, Markus Blut, and Charles Jurgen Kemp. "Extending service brands into products versus services." European Journal of Marketing 51, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-08-2013-0460.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide an empirical investigation into extension category effects on service brand extensions, both to other services (service–service extensions) and to products (service–product extensions), and the extension category’s influence on brand/consumer-level success drivers, as well as the perceived quality of the extension. Design/methodology/approach This study included an empirical testing of a conceptual framework using a hierarchical linear modeling approach and testing of hypotheses with a multilevel regression analysis. The data set consisted of 216 respondents reporting on both product and service extensions. Data were collected on three levels, namely, consumer level, parent brand level and extension level. Findings The findings indicate a general and consistent extension category-dependent effect that moderates the importance of brand extension success drivers. The influence of parent brand reliance and perceived parent brand quality were found to have stronger effects, whereas parent brand conviction was weaker in the context of service-to-service extensions. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on two brands with four extensions. Further research could replicate the study with a broader range of brands and extensions. Practical implications The study provides guidance to service managers to enhance consumers’ extension evaluations through better-positioned communication efforts when extending to different categories. Originality/value The study is one of the first empirical investigations into category-extension effects and its moderating role regarding brand and consumer level success drivers. Sparse research has been dedicated to a real-world occurrence of services extending between extension categories; this study thus furthers service brand research in terms of brand management decisions.
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Lyu, Ting, Liang Liu, Fangzhou Zhu, Simin Hu, and Renjun Ye. "BEFP: An Extension Recognition System Based on Behavioral and Environmental Fingerprinting." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7896571.
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Browser extensions are third-party applications that can customize the browsing experience. Previous studies have shown that browser extension fingerprinting can be used to track users and reveal users’ privacy information by obtaining the browser extension list. However, the proposal of various defense measures weakens the effectiveness of the existing extension fingerprinting technologies. In this paper, we first propose two extension fingerprinting technologies: JavaScript-based environmental fingerprinting and DOM-based behavioral fingerprinting. They, respectively, capture the operation behaviors of extensions on JavaScript properties and webpage’s DOM. Second, we design BEFP, an extension recognition system which comprehensively utilizes the above two technologies to improve the uniqueness of the extension fingerprint. Finally, we collect the latest data set and carry out experiments on the actual scenario where users install multiple extensions. The results show that the true positive rate of extension recognition is as high as 96.3%. And the extension’s detectable rate of BEFP is superior to the existing technologies. Moreover, it is proved that the JavaScript-based environmental fingerprinting can complement the DOM-based fingerprinting to distinguish the extensions with the same DOM modification.
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Bhattacharjee, Papiya, and Michelle L. Knox. "pg-Extensions and p-Extensions with applications to C(X)." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 14, no. 05 (March 17, 2015): 1550068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498815500681.
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Essential extensions and p-extensions have been studied for commutative rings with identity in various papers, such as [P. Bhattacharjee, M. L. Knox and W. Wm. McGovern, p-Extensions, Proceedings for the OSU-Denison Conference, AMS series Contemporary Mathematics Series (to appear); p-Embeddings, Topology Appl. 160(13) (2013) 1566–1576; R. M. Raphael, Algebraic Extensions of Commutative Regular Rings, Canad. J. Math. 22(6) (1970) 1133–1155]. The present paper applies these concepts to certain subrings of C(X). Moreover, the paper introduces a new ring extension, called a pg-extension, and determines its relation to both essential extension and p-extension. It turns out that the pg-extension R ↪ S induces a well-defined contraction map between principal ideals [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
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O’Reilly, Kelley A., Alhassan G. Mumuni, Stephen J. Newell, and Branden J. Addicott. "Parent brand quality, service intensity and consumers’ usage consideration of service-to-service brand extensions." Journal of Product & Brand Management 26, no. 7 (November 20, 2017): 690–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-08-2016-1299.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the relative impact of three drivers affecting consumers’ usage consideration for a brand extension into a service category using data from actual consumers of a national oil change retailer contemplating various service brand extensions. Design/methodology/approach Data for the study were collected in two separate surveys using structured self-administered questionnaires. Three drivers were measured for their effect on consumers’ usage consideration for service brand extensions (dependent variable), namely, parent brand evaluation, extension fit and degree of service intensity of the extension. Findings The results indicate that parent brand evaluations are the strongest drivers of brand extension usage consideration, regardless of the extension fit or the degree of service intensity of the extension. In addition, the findings suggest that the closer the fit to the parent brand, the more likely the extension will be considered. In contrast, consumers are less likely to consider using an extension as the level of service intensity increases. Originality/value This study’s use of actual customers of the brand, for real service brand extensions provides a higher degree of external validity than previous work in this area, and it yields a deeper understanding of the criteria used by consumers when evaluating service brand extensions. The study also provides managerial implications that are of practical value to academics and practitioners alike.
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ROSATI, PIERO. "Extensive Head Burns Corrected by Scalp Extension." Dermatologic Surgery 21, no. 8 (August 1995): 728–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00280.x.
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Jiang, Xiaolong, Jung-Miao Kuo, and George Szeto. "On three special types of partial Galois extensions." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 19, no. 12 (December 20, 2019): 2150004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498821500043.
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In this paper, we study the following three special types of partial Galois extensions: DeMeyer–Kanzaki partial Galois extension, partial Galois Azumaya extension and commutator partial Galois extension.
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Picazo-Sanchez, Pablo, Juan Tapiador, and Gerardo Schneider. "After you, please: browser extensions order attacks and countermeasures." International Journal of Information Security 19, no. 6 (November 21, 2019): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-019-00481-8.
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AbstractBrowser extensions are small applications executed in the browser context that provide additional capabilities and enrich the user experience while surfing the web. The acceptance of extensions in current browsers is unquestionable. For instance, Chrome’s official extension repository has more than 63,000 extensions, with some of them having more than 10M users. When installed, extensions are pushed into an internal queue within the browser. The order in which each extension executes depends on a number of factors, including their relative installation times. In this paper, we demonstrate how this order can be exploited by an unprivileged malicious extension (i.e., one with no more permissions than those already assigned when accessing web content) to get access to any private information that other extensions have previously introduced. We propose a solution that does not require modifying the core browser engine, since it is implemented as another browser extension. We prove that our approach effectively protects the user against usual attackers (i.e., any other installed extension) as well as against strong attackers having access to the effects of all installed extensions (i.e., knowing who did what). We also prove soundness and robustness of our approach under reasonable assumptions.
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Faul, Peter F. "Baer sums for a natural class of monoid extensions." Semigroup Forum 102, no. 3 (February 19, 2021): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00233-020-10156-9.
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AbstractIt is well known that the set of isomorphism classes of extensions of groups with abelian kernel is characterized by the second cohomology group. In this paper we generalise this characterization of extensions to a natural class of extensions of monoids, the cosetal extensions. An extension "Equation missing" is cosetal if for all $$g,g' \in G$$ g , g ′ ∈ G in which $$e(g) = e(g')$$ e ( g ) = e ( g ′ ) , there exists a (not necessarily unique) $$n \in N$$ n ∈ N such that $$g = k(n)g'$$ g = k ( n ) g ′ . These extensions generalise the notion of special Schreier extensions, which are themselves examples of Schreier extensions. Just as in the group case where a semidirect product could be associated to each extension with abelian kernel, we show that to each cosetal extension (with abelian group kernel), we can uniquely associate a weakly Schreier split extension. The characterization of weakly Schreier split extensions is combined with a suitable notion of a factor set to provide a cohomology group granting a full characterization of cosetal extensions, as well as supplying a Baer sum.
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Eren-Erdogmus, Irem, Ilker Akgun, and Esin Arda. "Drivers of successful luxury fashion brand extensions: cases of complement and transfer extensions." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 22, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 476–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-02-2018-0020.
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PurposeIn recent years, brand extension has become a popular and fundamental strategy of most luxury brands. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the factors that affect the success of luxury brand extensions by incorporating luxury brand value perceptions, parent brand attitude, fit perceptions and consumers’ product category involvement and innovativeness in a holistic model. The model is tested for two hypothetical luxury brand extensions types: complement and transfer.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) technique to identify the variables that combine to produce a positive or a negative attitude towards luxury brand extensions. The research was conducted on 555 young women professionals (254 for brand extension Type 1 – complement (umbrella); and 301 for brand extension type – transfer (seating furniture), respectively).FindingsThe results show that perceived fit between the parent brand and extension is a necessary condition for a positive evaluation of both extension types. Other than perceived fit, hedonic and symbolic values and consumer involvement are proven to be necessary antecedent conditions for the evaluation of transfer extensions. This study also proposes several configurations for forming a positive attitude towards each brand extension type and makes implications for luxury managers and further research.Originality/valueThe results of the research are significant in several ways. First, this study adds to the extant literature by exploring a somehow neglected subject: luxury fashion brand extensions. The study tests a more holistic model than those of previous studies on luxury brand extensions and utilises two different extension contexts adapted from Aaker and Keller (1990). Second, this study is the first to apply fsQCA to identify the factors of luxury brand extension evaluations. fsQCA is highly applicable to large-scale data without the loss of detail or the potential for complexity.
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Chang, Joseph W. "The asymmetric patterns of adverse extension effects on narrow and broad brands: perspectives on brand structure and extension typicality." Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, no. 7 (February 22, 2020): 985–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-04-2019-2355.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the impacts of brand structure (i.e. brand cohesiveness and similarity) on brand perceptions and the adverse effects of brand extensions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected online via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Overall, 188 US residents participated in the 2 (extension typicality: typical and atypical) × 3 (brand cohesiveness: high, medium and low) between-subject experimental design. Findings Narrow brands are favored over cohesive broad brands, and cohesive broad brands are favored over incohesive broad brands. When new extensions are typical, brand cohesiveness dominates brand similarity in terms of adverse extension effects. Negative extension information exerts more salient adverse effects on narrow brands and cohesive broad brands than on incohesive broad brands. Conversely, when new extensions are atypical, brand similarity dominates brand cohesiveness on adverse extension effects. Negative extension information exerts more salient adverse effects on narrow brands than on cohesive and incohesive broad brands. Research limitations/implications Brand cohesiveness is more impactful than brand similarity on brand perceptions. The identical adverse effects of typical extensions on narrow, and broad brands exist only when the portfolio products of the broad brands are cohesive. Practical implications Cohesive broad brands have the advantages of being more favored than incohesive broad brands and being less vulnerable to negative atypical extension information than are narrow brands. Originality/value This study advances brand research by examining the interplay between brand structure (i.e. category cohesiveness and similarity) and extension typicality on adverse extension effects.
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Dimitriu, Radu, Luk Warlop, and Bendik Meling Samuelsen. "Brand extension similarity can backfire when you look for something specific." European Journal of Marketing 51, no. 5/6 (May 8, 2017): 850–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2015-0662.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that high similarity between a parent brand and an extension category can have a detrimental effect on how a brand extension is perceived to perform on specific attributes. This happens because similarity influences the perceived positioning of a brand extension: lower similarity extensions can be perceived as “specialized” products, whereas high similarity extensions are perceived as “all-in-one” products not performing exceptionally well on any specific attribute. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the hypothesized effect through three experimental studies. The authors manipulate similarity both within subjects (Study 1a) and between subjects (Study 1b and Study 2). Further, the authors test the effect for specific attributes that are physical/concrete in nature (Study 1a and Study 1b) as well as attributes that are abstract/imagery-related in nature (Study 2). Findings High compared to low similarity improves perceptions of overall performance (i.e. performance across all attributes). But as expected, the authors also find that a high similarity brand extension is perceived to perform worse on the attribute on which a low similarity brand extension specializes, even when the parent brands of the extensions possess that attribute to the same extent. This perception of attribute performance carries on to influence brand extension purchase likelihood. Practical implications The degree of brand extension similarity has consequences for how brand extensions are perceived to be positioned in the marketplace. Although high similarity extensions receive positive evaluations, they might not be suitable when a company is trying to instil a perception of exceptional performance on a specific attribute. Originality/value The authors demonstrate a consequential exception to the marketing wisdom that brands should extend to similar categories. Although the degree of brand extension similarity has been repeatedly shown to have a positive effect on brand extension evaluation, the authors document a case when its effect is actually detrimental. This study’s focus on the dependent variable of perceived performance on specific attributes is novel in the brand extension literature.
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Sahin, Nilay, and Elif Akagun Ergin. "Consumers’ Attitudes towards Brand Extensions: An Analysis on Food and Textile Industries in Turkey." International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n1p72.
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<p>Brand extensions refer to use an established brand name in new product or product categories and are extensively applied as a marketing strategy. Brand extension success factors vary according to cultures. Consumers’ attitude towards extensions is modified on the basis of their cognitional reactions and relations between the parent brand and extended product and/ or product categories. This study aims at conducting an exploratory research and revealing the relationship between the parent brand and the extended brand. More specifically, the impact of parent brand loyalty on the extension is explored. Therefore, the main objective is to evaluate the attitudes of consumers towards brand extensions through brand loyalty. The study analyzes consumers’ attitudes towards brand extensions specifically in food and textile industries. This is in particular to portray that consumers respond positively to brand extensions in various industries due to different motivations. During the methodology application process, in-depth interviews were carried out with 16 participants who were selected from employees working for public and private institutions in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The interviews were conducted in two stages. During the first stage, the interviews lasted approximately 45 minutes and consisted of open-ended questions about participants’ brand choices, reasons for choosing the brands they use. The goal was to evaluate their brand loyalty levels. In addition, the participants were provided with the definition of brand extension and their reactions towards extension were noted. In the second stage, the participants were asked to evaluate their attitudes towards brand extensions in food and textile industries along with the factors that have impact on their evaluations. The participants were specifically observed in terms of their approach to brand extensions where the extension was in a totally different sector from the parent brand. The results indicate that brand awareness has a significant impact on brand extensions with regards to quality and trust. However, this impact is at the highest level when the extension is within the same sector with the parent brand. Whenever the extension is in a different sector, consumers not only have negative attitudes toward that extension but also become suspicious about the parent brand. Thus, quality and trust are pivotal factors influencing consumers’ positive attitudes towards brand extensions.</p>
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Xu, Lei, Mingxiang Ju, Wentai Guo, and Shengrui Yu. "Extensional Rheology of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/N,N-dimethylformamide Solutions." Polymers 15, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051119.
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Typical extension flow occurs in electrospinning process of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) solutions such that researchers focus on extensional rheological behaviors of PVDF solutions. The extensional viscosity of PVDF solutions is measured to know the fluidic deformation in extension flows. The solutions are prepared by dissolving PVDF powder into N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. A homemade extensional viscometric device is used to produce uniaxial extension flows and the feasibility of the viscometric device is verified by applying the glycerol as a test fluid. Experimental results show that PVDF/DMF solutions are extension shinning as well as shear shinning. The Trouton ratio of thinning PVDF/DMF solution is close to three at very low strain rate and then reaches a peak value until it drops to a small value at high strain rate. Furthermore, an exponential model may be used to fit the measured values of uniaxial extensional viscosity at various extension rates, while traditional power-law model is applicable to steady shear viscosity. For 10~14% PVDF/DMF solution, the zero-extension viscosity by fitting reaches 31.88~157.53 Pa·s and the peak Trouton ratio is 4.17~5.16 at applied extension rate of less than 34 s−1. Characteristic relaxation time is λ~100 ms and corresponding critical extension rate is ε˙c~5 s−1. The extensional viscosity of very dilute PVDF/DMF solution at very high extension rate is beyond the limit of our homemade extensional viscometric device. This case needs a higher sensitive tensile gauge and a higher-accelerated motion mechanism for test.
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Kadison, Lars. "Subring Depth, Frobenius Extensions, and Towers." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/254791.
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The minimum depthd(B,A)of a subringB⊆Aintroduced in the work of Boltje, Danz and Külshammer (2011) is studied and compared with the tower depth of a Frobenius extension. We show thatd(B,A)< ∞ ifAis a finite-dimensional algebra andBehas finite representation type. Some conditions in terms of depth and QF property are given that ensure that the modular function of a Hopf algebra restricts to the modular function of a Hopf subalgebra. IfA⊇Bis a QF extension, minimum left and right even subring depths are shown to coincide. IfA⊇Bis a Frobenius extension with surjective Frobenius, homomorphism, its subring depth is shown to coincide with its tower depth. Formulas for the ring, module, Frobenius and Temperley-Lieb structures are noted for the tower over a Frobenius extension in its realization as tensor powers. A depth 3 QF extension is embedded in a depth 2 QF extension; in turn certain depthnextensions embed in depth 3 extensions if they are Frobenius extensions or other special ring extensions with ring structures on their relative Hochschild bar resolution groups.
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Ali, Iman Jalal, and Chenar Abdul Kareem Ahmed. "Extensions of Nil-Reversible Rings with an Endomorphism α." General Letters in Mathematics 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/glm2022.12.1.2.
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The concept of an α − nil reversible ring is a generalization of α − reversible ring as well as an extension of nil reversible rings. We first consider basic properties of α − nil reversible rings. Then we investigate extensions of α − nil reversible, including trivial extension, Dorroh extension and Jordan extension.
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Zhang, Aidong, and Wiktor Marek. "On the Classification and Existence of Structures in Default Logic1." Fundamenta Informaticae 13, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1990-13406.
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We investigate possible belief sets of an agent reasoning with default rules. Besides of Reiter’s extensions which are based on a proof-theoretic paradigm (similar to Logic Programming), other structures for default theories, based on weaker or different methods of constructing belief sets are considered, in particular, weak extensions and minimal sets. The first of these concepts is known to be closely connected to autoepistemic expansions of Moore, the other to minimal stable autoepistemic theories containing the initial assumptions. We introduce the concept of stratifed collection of default rules and investigate the properties of the largest stratified subset of the family D, determined by W. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for a weak extension to be an extension in terms of stratification. We prove that for theories (D, W) without extension, the least fixed point of the associated operator (with weak extension or minimal set as a context) is an extension of suitably chosen (D’, W) with D’ ⊆ D. We investigate conditions for existence of extensions and introduce the notion of perfectly-stratified set of default rules and its variant of maximally perfectly-stratified set. Existence of such set of default rules turns out to be equivalent to the existence of extension. Finally, we investigate convergence of algorithm for computing extensions.
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Lindenstrauss, Ayelet, Birgit Richter, and Foling Zou. "Examples of étale extensions of Green functors." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Series B 11, no. 27 (July 1, 2024): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/bproc/189.
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We provide new examples of étale extensions of Green functors by transferring classical examples of étale extensions to the equivariant setting. Our examples are Tambara functors, and we prove Green étaleness for them, which implies Tambara étaleness. We show that every C 2 C_2 -Galois extensions of fields gives rise to an étale extension of C 2 C_2 -Green functors. Here we associate the constant Tambara functor to the base field and the fix-Tambara functor to the extension. We also prove that all C n C_n -Kummer extensions give rise to étale extensions for arbitrary finite n n . Étale extensions of fields induce étale extension of G G -Green functors for any finite group G G by passing to the corresponding constant G G -Tambara functors.
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Wood, Melanie Matchett. "On the probabilities of local behaviors in abelian field extensions." Compositio Mathematica 146, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x0900431x.
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AbstractFor a number field K and a finite abelian group G, we determine the probabilities of various local completions of a random G-extension of K when extensions are ordered by conductor. In particular, for a fixed prime ℘ of K, we determine the probability that ℘ splits into r primes in a random G-extension of K that is unramified at ℘. We find that these probabilities are nicely behaved and mostly independent. This is in analogy to Chebotarev’s density theorem, which gives the probability that in a fixed extension a random prime of K splits into r primes in the extension. We also give the asymptotics for the number of G-extensions with bounded conductor. In fact, we give a class of extension invariants, including conductor, for which we obtain the same counting and probabilistic results. In contrast, we prove that neither the analogy with the Chebotarev probabilities nor the independence of probabilities holds when extensions are ordered by discriminant.
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Dobbs, David. "On minimal ring extensions of finite rings." Gulf Journal of Mathematics 12, no. 2 (March 6, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56947/gjom.v12i2.677.
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Two conditions, (i) and (ii), are defined, that may hold for a given (unital) ring extension R ⊂ S of (unital, associative, not necessarily commutative) finite rings. It is shown that if S is commutative, then ``"either (i) or (ii)” is a necessary and sufficient condition for R ⊂ S to be a minimal ring extension; and that for such extensions, (i) and (ii) are logically independent. For extensions with S (finite and) noncommutative, "either (i) or (ii)” is neither necessary nor sufficient for R ⊂ S to be a minimal ring extension; and for such minimal ring extensions, (i) and (ii) are logically independent. Next, let R ⊂ Sj be minimal ring extensions with Sj (finite and) commutative (for j=1,2) and R local. Then: S1 and S2 are the same type (that is, ramified, decomposed or inert) of minimal extension of R ↔ |Z(S_1)|=|Z(S_2)| ↔ |U(S_1)|=|U(S_2)|.
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Tikoo, Mohan. "On strict and simple type extensions." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 21, no. 2 (1998): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171298000349.
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Let(Y,τ)be an extension of a space(X,τ′)⋅p∈Y, let𝒪yp={W∩X:W∈τ,p∈W}. ForU∈τ′, leto(U)={P∈Y:U∈𝒪yp}. In 1964, Banaschweski introduced the strict extensionY#, and the simple extensionY+ofX(induced by(Y,τ)) having base{o(U):U∈τ′}and{U∪{p}:p∈Y,and U∈Oyp}, respectively. The extensionsY#andY+have been extensively used since then. In this paper, the open filtersℒp={W∈τ′:W⫆intxclx(U)for someU∈𝒪yp}, and𝒰p={W∈τ′:intxclx(W)∈𝒪yp}={W∈τ′:intxclx(W)∈ℒp}=∩{𝒰:𝒰is an open ultrafilter onX,𝒪yp⊂𝒰}onXare used to define some new topologies onY. Some of these topologies produce nice extensions of(X,τ′). We study some interrelationships of these extensions withY#, andY+respectively.
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Kiselev, Denis Dmitrievich. "On quadratic subfields of generalized quaternion extensions." Izvestiya: Mathematics 88, no. 1 (2024): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4213/im9430e.
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We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the embedding of a quadratic extension of a number field $k$ into an extension with group of generalized quaternions; in this case, the case of both a cyclic kernel and a generalized quaternion is considered. As a consequence, it is proved that the class of ultrasolvable $2$-extensions with cyclic kernel does not coincide with the class of non-semidirect extensions. Sufficient conditions are also given for the embedding of quadratic extensions $k(\sqrt{d_1})/k$, $k(\sqrt{d_2})/k$, $k(\sqrt{d_1d_2})/k$ of a number field $k$ into a generalized quaternion extension $L/k$. Related examples are given.
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BRIGHTWELL, GRAHAM, and MALWINA LUCZAK. "Order-Invariant Measures on Fixed Causal Sets." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 21, no. 3 (January 19, 2012): 330–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548311000721.
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A causal set is a countably infinite poset in which every element is above finitely many others; causal sets are exactly the posets that have a linear extension with the order-type of the natural numbers; we call such a linear extension a natural extension. We study probability measures on the set of natural extensions of a causal set, especially those measures having the property of order-invariance: if we condition on the set of the bottom k elements of the natural extension, each feasible ordering among these k elements is equally likely. We give sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an order-invariant measure on the set of natural extensions of a causal set.
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Delon, Françoise. "Extensions séparées et immédiates de corps valués." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 2 (June 1988): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002248120002836x.
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AbstractBaur a défini la notion d'extension séparée de corps valués et montré que toute extension d'un corps maximal est séparée. Nous prouvons que, si (K, υ) est henselien et de caractéristique résiduelle nulle, alors (K, υ) ⊂ (L, w) est séparée ssi L est linéairement disjoint sur K de toute extension immédiate de K.Separated and immediate extensions of valued fields. The notion of separated extension of valued fields was introduced by Baur. He showed that extensions of maximal fields are separated. We prove that, when (K, υ) is Henselian with residual characteristic 0, then (K, υ) ⊂ (L, w) is separated iff L is linearly disjoint over K from each immediate extension of K.
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Dens, Nathalie, and Patrick De Pelsmacker. "Advertising for extensions: Moderating effects of extension type, advertising strategy, and product category involvement on extension evaluation." Marketing Letters 21, no. 2 (August 19, 2009): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-009-9086-1.
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Alonso, Álvarez, Vilaboa Fernádez, and González Rodríguez. "Weak quasi-entwining structures." Filomat 32, no. 18 (2018): 6229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1818229a.
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In this paper we introduce the notion of weak quasi-entwining structure as a generalization of quasi-entwining structures and weak entwining structures. Also, we formulate the notions of weak cleft extension, weak Galois extension, and weak Galois extension with normal basis associated to a weak quasientwining structure. Moreover, we prove that, under some suitable conditions, there exists an equivalence between weak Galois extensions with normal basis and weak cleft extensions. As particular instances, we recover some results previously proved for Hopf quasigroups, weak Hopf quasigroups and weak Hopf algebras.
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Santos, João Henrique de Sousa, Bianca Ferreira Rocha, and Kátia Tomagnini Passaglio. "EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA E FORMAÇÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA 7, no. 1 (May 28, 2016): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36661/2358-0399.2016v7i1.3087.
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o escopo e resultados da pesquisa “Formação no ensino superior: concepções e relevância da extensão universitária integrada ao ensino e a pesquisa”. Teve por objetivo apresentar a relação entre extensão universitária e a formação acadêmica e profissional bem como compreender as concepções, do ponto de vista de alunos extensionistas, sobre a extensão e sua prática no universo acadêmico. Os dados empíricos foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas semidirigidas com alunos de graduação em atividades de extensão e análise de projetos de extensão. Os resultados apontam para a compreensão da extensão como parte importante no processo de formação indicando um crescimento acadêmico, profissional e pessoal ao possibilitar o estímulo à reflexão entre teoria e prática e o conhecimento e interação com o social.
Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, Formação Acadêmica e Profissional, Relações Instituição/ Comunidade, Aluno Extensionista.
University Extension and Formation in Higher Education
Abstract: This article presents the scope and results of the investigation project “Formation in higher education: concepts and relevance of university extension integrated into teaching and research”. This project had the objective of verifying the relationship between university extension, the academic and professional formation, as well as understanding the concepts of extension and its practice in academia according to the students engaged in such activities. The empirical data were produced from the results of semi-structured interviews with undergraduates in extension activities and the analysis of extension projects. The results indicated that the understanding of extension is an important part of formation in higher education. Furthermore, the results led to the interpretation that academic, professional and personal growth allows for the perception that theory, practice, knowledge and social interaction are interrelated.
Key-words: University Extension, Academic and Professional formation, Institutional/Community Relations, Extension Students.
Extensión Universitaria y Formación en la Educación Superior
Resumen: Este trabajo presenta el objetivo y resultados de la investigación “Formación en la educación superior: conceptos y pertinencia de la extensión universitaria integrada a la enseñanza y a la investigación”. Su objetivo fue verificar la relación entre la extensión universitaria y la formación académica y profesional, así como comprender los conceptos, desde el punto de vista de los estudiantes extensionistas sobre la extensión y su práctica en el ámbito académico. Los datos empíricos fueron producidos a través de entrevistas semi-dirigidas a estudiantes de grado en actividades de extensión y análisis de proyectos de extensión. Los resultados apuntan a la comprensión de la extensión como una parte importante en el proceso de formación que indica crecimiento académico, profesional y personal, permitiendo estimular la reflexión entre la teoría y la práctica y el conocimiento y la interacción social.
Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria, Formación Académica y Profesional, Relaciones Institución/Comunidad, Estudiante Extensionista.
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Wang, Kailong, Yuxi Ling, Yanjun Zhang, Zhou Yu, Haoyu Wang, Guangdong Bai, Beng Chin Ooi, and Jin Song Dong. "Characterizing Cryptocurrency-themed Malicious Browser Extensions." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 6, no. 3 (December 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3570603.
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Due to the surging popularity of various cryptocurrencies in recent years, a large number of browser extensions have been developed as portals to access relevant services, such as cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets. This has stimulated a wild growth of cryptocurrency themed malicious extensions that cause heavy financial losses to the users and legitimate service providers. They have shown their capability of evading the stringent vetting processes of the extension stores, highlighting a lack of understanding of this emerging type of malware in our community. In this work, we conduct the first systematic study to identify and characterize cryptocurrency-themed malicious extensions. We monitor seven official and third-party extension distribution venues for 18 months (December 2020 to June 2022) and have collected around 3600 unique cryptocurrency-themed extensions. Leveraging a hybrid analysis, we have identified 186 malicious extensions that belong to five categories. We then characterize those extensions from various perspectives including their distribution channels, life cycles, developers, illicit behaviors, and illegal gains. Our work unveils the status quo of the cryptocurrency-themed malicious extensions and reveals their disguises and programmatic features on which detection techniques can be based. Our work serves as a warning to extension users, and an appeal to extension store operators to enact dedicated countermeasures. To facilitate future research in this area, we release our dataset of the identified malicious extensions and open-source our analyzer.
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Wang, Kailong, Yuxi Ling, Yanjun Zhang, Zhou Yu, Haoyu Wang, Guangdong Bai, Beng Chin Ooi, and Jin Song Dong. "Characterizing Cryptocurrency-themed Malicious Browser Extensions." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 51, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3606376.3593529.
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Due to the surging popularity of various cryptocurrencies in recent years, a large number of browser extensions have been developed as portals to access relevant services, such as cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets. This has stimulated a wild growth of cryptocurrency-themed malicious extensions that cause heavy financial losses to the users and legitimate service providers. They have shown their capability of evading the stringent vetting processes of the extension stores, highlighting a lack of understanding of this emerging type of malware in our community. In this work, we conduct the first systematic study to identify and characterize cryptocurrency-themed malicious extensions. We monitor seven official and third-party extension distribution venues for 18 months (December 2020 to June 2022) and have collected around 3600 unique cryptocurrency-themed extensions. Leveraging a hybrid analysis, we have identified 186 malicious extensions that belong to five categories. We then characterize those extensions from various perspectives including their distribution channels, life cycles, developers, illicit behaviors, and illegal gains. Our work unveils the status quo of the cryptocurrency-themed malicious extensions and reveals their disguises and programmatic features on which detection techniques can be based. Our work serves as a warning to extension users, and an appeal to extension store operators to enact dedicated countermeasures. To facilitate future research in this area, we release our dataset of the identified malicious extensions and open-source our analyzer.
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Bao, Qinglan, Guangsheng Wei, and Anton Zettl. "Friedrichs extension of singular symmetric differential operators." Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Special Issue 02 (March 27, 2023): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/ejde.sp.02.b1.
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For singular even order symmetric differential operators we find the matrices which determine all symmetric extensions of the minimal operator. And for each of these symmetric operators which is bounded below we find the boundary condition of its Friedrichs extension. The operators of regular problems are bounded below and thus each one has a symmetric extension and thus its symmetric extension has a Friedrichs extension. See also https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/special/02/b1/abstr.html
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Hao, Andy Wei, Xin Liu, Michael Hu, and Xiaoling Guo. "Cultural differences in vertical brand extension evaluations: the influence of thinking styles." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 27, no. 2 (March 29, 2020): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-07-2019-0133.
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PurposeThe paper examines the cultural differences in consumers' evaluations of vertical brand extensions.Design/methodology/approachA 2 (extension types: upward, downward) × 2 (nationality: USA, China) × 2 (ownership: owner, non-owner) between-subjects design with thinking styles as a covariate was employed to test consumers' evaluations of vertical brand extensions. A total of 228 subjects from the US and 194 from China participated in the two experimental studies.FindingsThe paper finds that consumers prefer downward extensions to upward extensions. Furthermore, Chinese consumers have even more favorable evaluations of downward extension products than do American consumers. In addition, analytic thinkers exhibit a stronger ownership effect than holistic thinkers.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the understanding of culture differences in vertical brand extension evaluations.
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Arpit Kumbhar and Dr. Ajay Radke. "Vertical Extension and Retrofitting of the Existing R.C.C. Commercial Building – A review." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, no. 03 (March 20, 2024): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0081.
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This study explores the feasibility of vertically extension of existing buildings as a sustainable solution to urban densification, particularly focusing on the structural implications and potential benefits of such extensions. Through structural analysis using advanced software like ETAB, and SAFE. as well as examination of cost-effectiveness, the research evaluates the viability of vertical extensions in different contexts. Case studies from various regions, illustrate the technical challenges and benefits associated with vertical extension projects. The analysis encompasses considerations such as structural stability of existing building after floor extensions, and cost implications, offering insights into the most efficient methods for extending buildings vertically. This research underscores the importance of vertical extension as a sustainable urban development strategy and calls for greater awareness and adoption of this approach within the construction industry. It emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders and proposes a development process to streamline the implementation of vertical extension projects.
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Dexter W. Johnson. "Extension." Transactions of the ASAE 32, no. 4 (1989): 1461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31173.
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Boswell, P. G. "Extension." Europhysics News 27, no. 2 (1996): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/19962702044.
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SHI, HONGBO. "FINITISTIC DIMENSIONS OF TRIVIALLY TWISTED EXTENSIONS OF MONOMIAL ALGEBRAS." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 19, no. 04 (June 2009): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196709005202.
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We use the algorithms Bottomup and Topdown to study the finitistic dimensions of a class of extension algebras: the trivially twisted extensions of monomial algebras. A hybrid algorithm for determination of the finitistic dimension of the aforementioned extension is presented, and in particular, conditions for construction of such extensions that have relatively larger finitistic dimension are investigated.
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Pereira, Noemi Ferreira Felisberto, and Angela Maria De Souza. "ESCREVENDO OS CAMINHOS DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NA UNILA." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA 6, no. 2 (December 24, 2015): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36661/2358-0399.2015v6i2.2062.
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Esse artigo possui como objetivo principal analisar o processo de consolidação da Extensão na UNILA - Universidade Federal da Integração Latino- Americana. A proposta do artigo consiste em compreender e analisar os instrumentos elaborados durante o processo de construção de documentos estruturantes da Extensão da UNILA, bem como as orientações e diretrizes que balizaram seu surgimento, no sentido de apresentar a concepção de extensão adotada, bem como os caminhos percorridos quando de sua construção. Neste sentido, através de levantamento documental, pesquisa bibliográfica e da participação cotidiana no trabalho extensionista, fez-se um levantamento das estratégias, procedimentos e dos princípios que possibilitaram a elaboração destes documentos que criam as diretrizes para as Ações de Extensão da UNILA. Conclui-se que a Política de Extensão Universitária da UNILA, bem como outros documentos relacionados, foram construídos a partir de discussões de atores sociais ativos e corresponsáveis pelo conteúdo e resultados auferidos pela extensão universitária. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que isso repercutiu no avanço qualitativo e, consequentemente, quantitativo, das ações extensionistas no período de 2010-2015.
Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, Política de Extensão, Integração.
Writing the Paths of the University Extension Program at UNILA
Abstract: This paper has as main objective to analyze the consolidation process of the university extension program at UNILA - Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana. The purpose was to analyze and to understand the tools developed during the process of structuring documents of the UNILA’s University Extension programs, and the guidelines and directives that guided its emergence, as well as to present the design adopted and the paths followed during its conception. In this sense, by means of archival work, literature and daily participation in extension activities, a survey was carried out to assess the strategies, procedures and principles that made possible the design of these documents and create the guidelines for extension projects at UNILA. It has been concluded that the University Extension Policy at UNILA, as well as other related documents, was conceived from discussions of active and co-responsible social actors for the content, and the results obtained by the university extension Furthermore, it was also evident that these measures reflected in the qualitative, and therefore, quantitative improvement of the extension actions in the 2010-2015 period.
Key-words: University Extension, Extension Policy, Integration.
Escribiendo los Caminos de la Extensión Universitaria en UNILA
Resumen: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el proceso de consolidación de la extensión en UNILA - Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-americana. La propuesta del artículo consiste en comprender y analizar las herramientas desarrolladas durante el proceso de construcción de los documentos estructurantes de Extensión Universitaria de UNILA, y las directrices y directivas que guiaron su emergencia, con el fin de presentar el diseño y los caminos seguidos durante su construcción. En este sentido, a través de una encuesta documental, de investigación bibliográfica y de la participación diaria en el trabajo de extensión, se ha hecho un estudio de las estrategias, de los procedimientos y de los principios que hicieron posible la preparación de estos documentos que crearon las directrices para las acciones de extensión de UNILA. Se ha concluido que la Política de Extensión Universitaria de UNILA, así como otros documentos relacionados, fueron construidos a partir de las discusiones de los actores sociales activos y corresponsables por el contenido y los resultados obtenidos por la extensión universitaria. Fue evidente también que esto se reflejó en la mejora cualitativa y por lo tanto cuantitativa de las acciones de extensión universitaria en el período 2010-2015.
Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria, Política de Extensión, Integración.
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Notkin, D., and W. G. Griswold. "Enhancement through extension: the extension interpreter." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 22, no. 7 (July 1987): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/960114.29655.
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