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Journal articles on the topic 'Extension planning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

MITCHELL, R. F., and B. S. WEAVIN. "PLANNING THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 132, no. 6 (November 1999): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/icien.1999.132.6.4.

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2

BALDUCCINI, MARCELLO, DANIELE MAGAZZENI, MARCO MARATEA, and EMILY C. LEBLANC. "CASP solutions for planning in hybrid domains." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 17, no. 4 (July 2017): 591–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068417000187.

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AbstractConstraint answer set programming (CASP) is an extension of answer set programming that allows for numerical constraints to be added in the rules. PDDL+ is an extension of the PDDL standard language of automated planning for modeling mixed discrete-continuous dynamics. In this paper, we present CASP solutions for dealing with PDDL+ problems, i.e., encoding from PDDL+ to CASP, and extensions to the algorithm of the ezcsp CASP solver in order to solve CASP programs arising from PDDL+ domains. An experimental analysis, performed on well-known linear and non-linear variants of PDDL+ domains, involving various configurations of the ezcsp solver, other CASP solvers, and PDDL+ planners, shows the viability of our solution.

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3

Sundling, Rikard. "A development process for extending buildings vertically – based on a case study of four extended buildings." Construction Innovation 19, no. 3 (July 7, 2019): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-05-2018-0040.

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Purpose The purpose of the study, upon which this paper is based, was to contribute an improved understanding of the vertical extension of buildings, by presenting a development process for its implementation in which the key aspects to consider when planning such extensions are highlighted. Design/methodology/approach The approach is based on linking the diffusion of innovation together with case study research to stimulate further development in vertically extending buildings. Four cases of vertically extended buildings in Sweden were selected for the study. Findings The development process highlights seven key areas for decisions when planning a vertical extension. These areas are: opportunities for vertical extension; strategies for implementation; detailed planning process; concept development; evaluation; building permit; and procurement. The development processes and lessons learnt from each case are presented, covering both success and failure. Research limitations/implications The research is based on four cases of vertically extended buildings. The findings offer valuable insights into the development process which should provide the research community with an improved understanding of the challenges faced. Practical implications The findings will help planners, housing owners, housing developers and facility managers better understand the conditions that favour successful implementation of vertical extensions. Originality/value The paper provides the reader with an understanding of the challenges faced in the vertical extension of a building and the means of overcoming them to create a simplified development process.

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4

Reese, Luke, Cynthia Straus, and Joseph Murray. "Michigan State University Extension Portal Planning and Implementation." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 6, no. 4 (July 8, 2004): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j108v06n04_07.

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Llewellyn, R. S., D. J. Pannell, R. K. Lindner, and S. B. Powles. "Targeting key perceptions when planning and evaluating extension." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04102.

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Early identification of farmer perceptions influencing particular farm management decisions provides the opportunity to more effectively focus investment in research and extension. A survey-based study examining the adoption of integrated weed management by Western Australian grain growers was used to demonstrate how identification of key farmer perceptions can help to guide research and extension priorities. It was found that the adoption of integrated weed management practices was influenced by grower perceptions of herbicide resistance-related factors and of the efficacy and economic value of integrated weed management practices in the farming system. However, there were generally no significant differences between the perceptions of practice efficacy held by users and non-users of the integrated weed management practices. As initial perceptions of efficacy were generally consistent with local field experience, it was expected that extension would not have a major influence on this variable. Consistent with this, participation by growers in a workshop based on the bio-economic farming systems model, resistance integrated management (RIM), did not result in changes in perceptions of practice efficacy. However, changes in the perceived short-term economic value of some weed management practices did occur where the broader value of practices to the farming system, not necessarily relating to weed control, could be demonstrated. This also led to more growers deciding to adopt those practices. For example, intended wheat seeding rates were shown to increase by 5 kg/ha as a result of participation in the extension activity. Determining the perceptions influencing adoption, and then identifying the major learning opportunities can be valuable in focusing research and extension. Measures of perceptions also allow learning to be evaluated. In the case study of adoption of the integrated weed management practices in WA, it seems that emphasis on developing and extending the farming-systems impacts beyond just weed and resistance management is likely to be more effective than focusing on the efficacy of the practices for controlling major weeds.

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Maruish, Mark E. "Treatment Monitoring as an Extension of Treatment Planning." Contemporary Psychology 49, no. 6 (December 2004): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/004848.

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Marchand, Robert C., Nipun Sodhi, Manoshi Bhowmik-Stoker, Laura Scholl, Caitlin Condrey, Anton Khlopas, Assem A. Sultan, Jared M. Newman, and Michael A. Mont. "Does the Robotic Arm and Preoperative CT Planning Help with 3D Intraoperative Total Knee Arthroplasty Planning?" Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 08 (August 15, 2018): 742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668122.

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Although several studies highlight the advantages of robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA), few investigate its intraoperative outcome. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the RA-TKA's ability to assist with intraoperative correction of: (1) flexion and (2) extension gaps, as well as its ability to (3) accurately predict implant sizes. Additionally, in this RA-TKA cohort, length of stay, complications, and readmissions were assessed. A total of 335 patients who underwent RA-TKA were included. The robotic software virtually measured the intraoperative prebone cut extension and flexion gaps. Differences in medial versus lateral prebone cut extension and flexion gaps were calculated. A total of 155 patients (46%) had an extension gap difference of between –2 and 2 mm (mean, –0.3 mm), while 119 patients (36%) had a flexion gap difference of between –2 and 2 mm (mean, –0.6 mm). Postbone cut differences in medial versus lateral flexion and extension gaps were measured. Balanced knees were considered to have a medial and lateral flexion gap difference within 2 mm. The robot-predicted implant size was also compared with the final implant size. Additionally, lengths of stay, complications, and readmissions were assessed. All patients achieved a postbone cut extension gap difference between –1 and 1 mm (mean, –0.1 mm). A total of 332 patients (99%) achieved a postbone cut flexion gap difference of between –2 and 2 mm (mean, 0 mm). For 98% of prostheses, the robotic software predicted within 1 implant size the actual tibial or femoral implant size used.The mean length of stay was found to be 2 days. No patients suffered from superficial skin infection, pin site infections or fractures, soft tissue damage, and no robotic cases were converted to manual TKA due to intraoperative complications. A total of 8 patients (2.2%) were readmitted; however, none were directly related to robotic use. The robotic software and use of a preoperative computed tomography (CT) substantially helped with intraoperative planning and accurate prediction of implant sizes. Therefore, based on the results of this study, the RA-TKA device does, in fact, provide considerable intraoperative assistance.

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8

Wang, Qing, Jun Guo, Zengfu Wang, Elias Tahchi, Xinyu Wang, Bill Moran, and Moshe Zukerman. "Cost-Effective Path Planning for Submarine Cable Network Extension." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 61883–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2915125.

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9

Elbanna, Said. "Determinants of strategic planning effectiveness: extension of earlier work." Journal of Strategy and Management 2, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554250910965326.

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Kim, Sung-Min, Yosoon Choi, Jangwon Suh, Sungchan Oh, Hyeong-Dong Park, Suk-Ho Yoon, and Wa-Ra Go. "ArcMine: A GIS extension to support mine reclamation planning." Computers & Geosciences 46 (September 2012): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.04.007.

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Fox, M., and D. Long. "PDDL2.1: An Extension to PDDL for Expressing Temporal Planning Domains." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 20 (December 1, 2003): 61–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1129.

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In recent years research in the planning community has moved increasingly toward s application of planners to realistic problems involving both time and many typ es of resources. For example, interest in planning demonstrated by the space res earch community has inspired work in observation scheduling, planetary rover ex ploration and spacecraft control domains. Other temporal and resource-intensive domains including logistics planning, plant control and manufacturing have also helped to focus the community on the modelling and reasoning issues that must be confronted to make planning technology meet the challenges of application. The International Planning Competitions have acted as an important motivating fo rce behind the progress that has been made in planning since 1998. The third com petition (held in 2002) set the planning community the challenge of handling tim e and numeric resources. This necessitated the development of a modelling langua ge capable of expressing temporal and numeric properties of planning domains. In this paper we describe the language, PDDL2.1, that was used in the competition. We describe the syntax of the language, its formal semantics and the validation of concurrent plans. We observe that PDDL2.1 has considerable modelling power --- exceeding the capabilities of current planning technology --- and presents a number of important challenges to the research community.

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Baldauf, Richard B. "Language Planning: Corpus Planning." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 10 (March 1989): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001173.

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Beginning with the framework established by Haugen (1983) as a basis for this review, corpus planning can be defined as those aspects of language planning which are primarily linguistic and hence internal to language. Some of these aspects related to language are: 1) orthographic innovation, including design, harmonization, change of script, and spelling reform; 2) pronunciation; 3) changes in language structure; 4) vocabulary expansion; 5) simplification of registers; 6) style, and 7) the preparation of language material (Bamgbose 1989). Jernudd (1988) provides a more detailed discussion of these linguistic aspects of language planning. Although the creation of these language related materials often requires intense linguistic activity, the focus of this review is not on linguistic description, but rather on historical and sociolinguistic studies which illuminate corpus planning processes. These processes can be divided into two categories: those related to the establishment of norms, and those related to the extension of the linguistic functions of language. In his revised model, Haugen labels the former category, Codification or standardization procedures, and the latter, Elaboration or the functional development of language. These categories form the two major sections for this review.

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McMahan, Ryan, Evan Walker, and Rebecca Sudore. "2439 Depression, anxiety, and planning for the future: Associations with advance care planning." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.160.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Millions of diverse, older adults live with serious and chronic illness for which they will face complex, ongoing medical decisions. Advance care planning (ACP) has been conceptualized as a health behavior that supports adults in understanding and sharing their values, goals, and preferences for future medical care. Depression and anxiety are known barriers to participation in health behaviors. It is unknown whether depression and anxiety are associated with ACP participation or with patients’ values for future medical care. Understanding whether depression and anxiety are associated with ACP would be important to tailor ACP interventions. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In total, 908 English-speaking and Spanish-speaking participants ≥55 years of age were recruited from a San Francisco county hospital. We measured depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item scale) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale), dichotomized into none-to-mild Versus moderate-to-severe. We measured ACP engagement using a validated survey of Behavior Change Processes (e.g., knowledge, self-efficacy, readiness; 5-point Likert) and Action Measures (e.g., ask, discuss, and document one’s wishes; yes/no). We elicited values concerning life extension categorized as “life is always worth living no matter the health situation” Versus “some health situations would make life not worth living.” To explore associations, we usedχ2, Mann-Whitney tests, linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Mean participant age was 64 years±6, 80% were non-White, 40% had limited literacy, 45% were Spanish-speaking, and the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 12% and 10%, respectively. Depression and anxiety were not associated with ACP Engagement, p>0.05. However, participants with depression had an increased odds of reporting “some health situations would make life not worth living” than those not depressed, p=0.02. In multivariate linear and logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, literacy, and health status, having depression increased the odds of not valuing life extension OR 2.9 (CI: 1.7–4.9). Anxiety was not associated with values concerning life extension, p>0.05. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Depression and anxiety were not associated with prior ACP engagement suggesting engaging patients in ACP does not increase these conditions. However, depression was associated with an increased odds of not valuing life extension and, therefore, may influence treatment choices. Longitudinal randomized controlled trials of an ACP intervention are currently underway to investigate these associations further.

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Nurakhim, Bambang, and Agnes Aryanti Kaesmetan. "Influence of Leadership and Competency Behavior on the Performance of Family Planning Extension." Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies 1, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/edv.v1i6.90.

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"The Influence of Leadership and Competency Behavior on The Performance of Family Planning Extension (PLKB) in the Office of Population Control and Family Planning Karawang Regency". This study aims to determine the influence of Leadership Behavior and Competency on the Performance of Kb Extension. Sampling techniques use total sampling (n = 46), and data analysis techniques using Correlation and Regression with SPSS version 22 programs. The results showed that Leadership Behavior had a positive and significant effect on the Performance of KB Extension (t count = 10.215, p < 0.00). Competency positively and significantly affects the Performance of KB Extension (t count = 2,532, p < 0.015). Leadership and Competency Behavior simultaneously positively and significantly affects the Performance of KB Extension (F count = 94.706, p < 0.00). Contribution of Commitment and Competence to the Performance of KB Extension is shown by adjusted R Square value of 0.701 or (70.1%). The remaining 29.9% is affected by other variables. The implication of this research is that there should be a policy of the head of the Karawang District Office of Population Control and Family Planning in improving the Performance of Kb Extension Workers.

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Rivendri, Rivendri, and Wirdatul Aini. "The Training Graduates Performance of BKKBN Family Planning Extension Workers." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v9i3.113742.

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This research was motivated by the performance of graduates of the family planning counseling training at the West Sumatra BKKBN which was categorized as good. This is the implementation of activities that are carried out well even with the use of new methods applied. The objectives of this study are (1) to see the work ability of graduates from family planning extension training at BKKBN West Sumatra (2) to see the work motivation of graduates from training to family planning extension workers at BKKBN West Sumatra (3) to examine the work environment of graduates from training for family planning extension workers at BKKBN West Sumatra This research is a research with a quantitative approach and the type of this research is descriptive. The population in this study were 29 people, the sampling technique was stratified random sampling and taken as many as 75% or consisted of 22 people. Techniques in data collection using written statements (questionnaires) and data collection tools in the form of a list of statements. The data analysis technique uses the percentage formula. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the performance of graduates from training for family planning extension workers at BKKBN West Sumatra. Judging from the sub-variables, the work ability is categorized as good. (2) the performance of BKKBN family planning instructor training graduates in West Sumatra. Judging from the sub-variables of work motivation, it is categorized as good. (3) the performance of BKKBN family planning instructor training graduates in West Sumatra. Judging from the sub-variables the work environment is categorized as good. It is hoped that further researchers will be able to examine new variables so that they can complete the variables in their research.

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Höller, Daniel, Gregor Behnke, Pascal Bercher, Susanne Biundo, Humbert Fiorino, Damien Pellier, and Ron Alford. "HDDL: An Extension to PDDL for Expressing Hierarchical Planning Problems." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 06 (April 3, 2020): 9883–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i06.6542.

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The research in hierarchical planning has made considerable progress in the last few years. Many recent systems do not rely on hand-tailored advice anymore to find solutions, but are supposed to be domain-independent systems that come with sophisticated solving techniques. In principle, this development would make the comparison between systems easier (because the domains are not tailored to a single system anymore) and – much more important – also the integration into other systems, because the modeling process is less tedious (due to the lack of advice) and there is no (or less) commitment to a certain planning system the model is created for. However, these advantages are destroyed by the lack of a common input language and feature set supported by the different systems. In this paper, we propose an extension to PDDL, the description language used in non-hierarchical planning, to the needs of hierarchical planning systems.

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Martínez Osorio, Pedro, and Eder García Sánchez. "Extension and pedagogical practice in architecture." Estoa, no. 15 (2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18537/est.v008.n015.a12.

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The pedagogical practices developed in articulation with the extension office called "architectural consulting" attached to the architecture program of Caribbean University Corporation in Sincelejo, Colombia, are presented in order to reflect on the exercises developed in the light of one of the functions inherent in the university in the 21st century: innovation, specifically speaking of recent trends in social sustainability and its relationship with pedagogical practice in architecture. The adopted methodology, with a participatory approach, was developed in 4 phases: problem identification, work criteria, conceptualization, and implementation. Examples of the participatory works developed by students of the architecture program are shown, which generate alternatives for local development in the city, in places where the municipal administration and its planning structures do not reach to arrive in an effective way. Changes are identified in the role of pedagogical practices focused on social innovation and the new functions they assume, students, teachers and communities involved in the critical construction of the new citizenship.

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Huang, Zhen, and Y. Lawrence Yao. "Extension of Usable Workspace of Rotational Axes in Robot Planning." Robotica 17, no. 3 (May 1999): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799001204.

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Singularity of a robot manipulator is one of the obstacles that influences its capabilities. This paper discusses constrained and allowable rotational motion resulting from lost translational freedom when the robot is singular. A convenient method and simple and clear expression to determine the allowable rotational axes and the subspace that they form, under Jacobian singularity, is analyzed and presented. Different configurations, reciprocal screws, and subspaces of allowable-rotational-axes are derived in a case study involving a classic robot. The result is useful in applications involving robot path planning in task space as it extends the usable workspace of rotational axes.

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Stewart, Theodor J., Simon French, and Jesus Rios. "Integrating multicriteria decision analysis and scenario planning—Review and extension." Omega 41, no. 4 (August 2013): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2012.09.003.

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Percy, Rachel. "Capacity building for gender‐sensitive agricultural extension planning in Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 7, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13892240008438802.

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Lei, Qi, Hong Wang, and Yuchuan Song. "Hybrid knowledge model of process planning and its green extension." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 27, no. 5 (June 4, 2014): 975–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-014-0928-1.

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WANG, HUAQING, GALEN NEWMAN, and ZHIFANG WANG. "Urban Planning as an Extension of War Planning The Case of Shenyang, China, 1898-1966." Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2018.4677.

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23

Zhu, Yadi, Zijia Wang, and Peiwen Chen. "Planning for Operation: Can Line Extension Planning Mitigate Capacity Mismatch on an Existing Rail Network?" Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (June 27, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1675967.

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Operational planning in China is perhaps more important today than ever before owing to the ongoing expansion of urban rail in the country. As urban rail networks increase in size and complexity, new lines added to them significantly alter both their topologies and operational characteristics. Thus, appraisal of alternative lines from the perspective of operation while planning is crucial. In this study, a method to forecast demands for new lines and obviate the effects of their addition, in terms of overcrowding in urban rail networks, was developed based on smart card data from existing networks. Using the card data and forecasted demand, transfer demand and section load can be estimated through the route choice model, and hence the influence of new lines on the operation of the network can be analyzed. The results of application of the proposed method to a case of line extension of a network in Beijing showed that it effectively prevented overcrowding by fewer interchanges on the line extension. Approximately 63% of passengers desiring an interchange on the target line altered their interchange from the station that had acted as bottleneck to the new interchange. Consequently, the headway of the feeding line was reduced from 6 min to 3.5 min. Hence, the capacity mismatch problem no longer occurred.

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Kobayashi, Yuichi, and Shigeyuki Hosoe. "Planning-Space Shift Motion Generation: Variable-space Motion Planning Toward Flexible Extension of Body Schema." Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 62, no. 3-4 (September 15, 2010): 467–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10846-010-9465-0.

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Muharman, Nur Ikhlas, and Irmawita Irmawita. "Description of Health Extention Services in Moving Implementation of Family Planning Program at Korong Tembok." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v8i4.110059.

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This research is motivated by the implementation of family planning programs by residents. This is allegedly due to maintaining the cleanliness of the extension services carried out by the Village Midwives. This study aims to describe: (1) extension services; (2) assistance services; and (3) health services for participants who take part in the family planning program in Korean Tembok. This research is descriptive quantitative research. The population in this study was taken by all participants who took part in extension activities as much as 40 people and the sample was taken as much as 75% of the population, namely 30 people using cluster random sampling technique. The data technique used questionnaires while the data collection tools used questionnaire data which were analyzed using descriptive analysis of proportions. The results of this study indicate: 1) village midwife services in the aspect of extension services in driving the implementation of family planning programs look high; 2) village midwife services in the aspect of accompanying services in driving the implementation of family planning programs look high; And 3) village midwife services in the aspect of facility services in driving the implementation of family planning programs to appear higher. The suggestions are researching: 1) it is hoped that the health extension officers can improve the services provided in the implementation of counseling; 2) it is hoped that the members of the community will increase their awareness of health, especially in implementing family planning programs; And 3) it is hoped that other researchers will find and examine other variables related to health education.Keywords: extension services, family planning program, health

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Haslum, Patrik, Franc Ivankovic, Miquel Ramirez, Dan Gordon, Sylvie Thiebaux, Vikas Shivashankar, and Dana S. Nau. "Extending Classical Planning with State Constraints: Heuristics and Search for Optimal Planning." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 62 (June 30, 2018): 373–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11213.

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We present a principled way of extending a classical AI planning formalism with systems of state constraints, which relate - sometimes determine - the values of variables in each state traversed by the plan. This extension occupies an attractive middle ground between expressivity and complexity. It enables modelling a new range of problems, as well as formulating more efficient models of classical planning problems. An example of the former is planning-based control of networked physical systems - power networks, for example - in which a local, discrete control action can have global effects on continuous quantities, such as altering flows across the entire network. At the same time, our extension remains decidable as long as the satisfiability of sets of state constraints is decidable, including in the presence of numeric state variables, and we demonstrate that effective techniques for cost-optimal planning known in the classical setting - in particular, relaxation-based admissible heuristics - can be adapted to the extended formalism. In this paper, we apply our approach to constraints in the form of linear or non-linear equations over numeric state variables, but the approach is independent of the type of state constraints, as long as there exists a procedure that decides their consistency. The planner and the constraint solver interact through a well-defined, narrow interface, in which the solver requires no specialisation to the planning context.

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Oladosu, I. O. "Implications of Farmers’ Attitude Towards Extension Agents on Future Extension Programme Planning in Oyo State of Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (March 2006): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2006.11978377.

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Madison, Mackenzie K., Caleb R. Matthews, and Lawrence S. Lee. "Intracardiac extension of chondroblastic osteosarcoma." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 32, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa218.

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Abstract Intravascular tumour extension invading the intracardiac space is rarely seen with osteosarcoma. We present a patient with a history of previously resected pelvic osteosarcoma who was later found to have a local recurrence with continuous intravascular extension from the right femoral vein to the right atrium. Preoperative imaging studies initially described extensive thrombus burden, and a multidisciplinary approach involving open and percutaneous thrombectomy was planned. Intraoperative inspection and pathological analysis revealed unresectable malignant solid tumour rather than thrombus. Though exceedingly rare, the possibility of metastatic tumour must be considered when planning treatment strategies for these patients.

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Seiler-Martinez, Alene, Theresa Pesl Murphrey, Gary Wingenbach, and Leonardo Lombardini. "Barrier Analysis as a Tool to Inform Extension Activity Planning: Insights from Guatemala." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25201.

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Over the past decade, renewed emphasis has been placed on extension services in developing countries to reduce rural poverty and improve food security. Despite this emphasis, complex physical, political, and socioeconomic environments in developing countries pose significant difficulties to extension agents’ success rates of adoption of new practices and/or behavior change among rural populations. In addition, agents have meager resources at their disposal. Development programs in the health sector have had success with employing behavior change theories for program design, driven by the Barrier Analysis as a method for gathering data about target populations. Theory and research suggest this method provides key information about why a target population might adopt new practices. If extension agents in developing countries such as Guatemala had access to such information, they might intentionally design interventions that lead to adoption. This paper provides an examination of examples from the field in Guatemala that illuminate ways in which extension agents can gain formative data that when analyzed, may shape how they encourage adoption of new practices. The implications of this paper suggest that using formative data gathering for planning interventions can lead to the behavior change extension agents and their governments seek.

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Fatchiya, Anna, Asri Sulistyawati, Budi Setiawan, and Rizal Damanik. "Peran Penyuluhan Keluarga Berencana dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan KB pada Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) Kelompok Masyarakat Miskin." Jurnal Penyuluhan 17, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25015/17202134151.

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Family planning (KB) is an effective effort to control the population and at the same time improve a better life for the community, especially for poor families. The availability of information and extension services is important to increase the participation of fertile aged couples (PUS) in poor families in accessing family planning services. For this reason, this study aims to (1) describe the level of knowledge of PUS poor families on family planning information and counseling, and (2) to analyze the effect of extension agents on the level of knowledge of PUS about family planning. Data were collected through a survey method using questionnaire on 120 respondents representing PUS in poor families in Bogor Regency and Bogor City. Each district / city was selected the sub-district that had the highest number of poor PUS. The results showed that the level of knowledge about family planning with the poor in PUS was classified as low. The results of statistical tests show that extension services have an effect on the level of knowledge of the PUS about family planning.

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Han, Dong, Hong Nie, Jinbao Chen, and Meng Chen. "Optimal randomized path planning for redundant manipulators based on Memory-Goal-Biasing." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 172988141878704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418787049.

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Planning path rapidly and optimally is one of the key technologies for industrial manipulators. A novel method based on Memory-Goal-Biasing–Rapidly-exploring Random Tree is proposed to solve high-dimensional manipulation planning more rapidly and optimally. The tree extension of Memory-Goal-Biasing–Rapidly-exploring Random Tree can be divided into random extension and goal extension. In the goal extension, the nodes extended to the goal are recorded in a memory, and then the node closest to the goal is selected in the search tree excepting the nodes in the memory for overcoming the local minimum. In order to check collisions efficiently, the manipulator is simplified into several key points, and the obstacle area is appropriately enlarged for safety. Taking the redundant manipulator of Baxter robot as an example, the proposed algorithm is verified through MoveIt! software. The results show that Memory-Goal-Biasing–Rapidly-exploring Random Tree only takes a few seconds for the path planning of the redundant manipulator in some complex environments, and within an acceptable time, its optimization performance is better than that of traditional optimal method in terms of the obtained path costs and the corresponding standard deviation.

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Almeida, Dayana, Renata Bovo Peres, and Andréia Nasser Figueiredo. "Rural environmental planning in a family farm: education, extension and sustainability." Ciência Rural 46, no. 11 (August 25, 2016): 2070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150926.

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ABSTRACT: Developing research, teaching and extension in university programs is fundamental to capacitate professionals for the challenging endeavors. Considering the importance of these three university functions as relevant learning practices, the objective of this study was to analyze qualitatively the development of teaching project proposals associated with extension activities, directed to the rural environmental planning in an Agricultural Production Unit, in order to identify the issues and their degree of applicability. Twenty project proposals were developed in the "Rural Environmental Planning" course to plan an Agricultural Production Unit, which were subsequently evaluated by the farmer. This discipline is part of the Bachelor's degree course in Environmental Management and Analysis of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos. The projects followed qualitative research methods using the systemic and participatory approach. At the end of the process the farmer answered an evaluation matrix of the projects. Development of the projects was particularly important for the students and for their knowledge on the various topics covered, which also resulted in factual improvement perspectives in the Agricultural Production Unit. Construction of knowledge was participatory and integrated between the students and farmer.

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CARDOSO, Rafael Cauê, and Rafael Heitor BORDINI. "A Multi-Agent Extension of a Hierarchical Task Network Planning Formalism." ADCAIJ: ADVANCES IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE JOURNAL 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/adcaij201762517.

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Chen, Shih-Pin, and Wen-Lung Huang. "Solving Fuzzy Multiproduct Aggregate Production Planning Problems Based on Extension Principle." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207839.

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Aggregate production planning (APP) plays a critical role in supply chain management (SCM). This paper investigates multiproduct, multiperiod APP problems with several distinct types of fuzzy uncertainties. In contrast to the existing studies, the modelling in this work conserves the fuzziness such that the obtained APP is more effective. Based on Zadeh’s extension principle, the results obtained are fuzzy solutions described by membership functions, in contrast to results from previous studies. A pair of two-level parametric mathematical programs is formulated to calculate the lower and upper bounds of the optimum fuzzy performance measure. The membership function of the fuzzy total cost is constructed by enumerating various possibility levels. A case studied in previous research is investigated to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model and solution procedure. Because the optimal objective value and associated decision variables are expressed using fuzzy numbers rather than crisp values, the proposed approach is able to represent APP systems more accurately, and therefore, the results obtained can provide decision makers with more effective and informative APPs and more chance to achieve the optimal disaggregate plan.

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Mastel, Kristen Leigh. "Extending Our Reach: Surveying, Analyzing, and Planning Outreach to Extension Staff." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 15, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2014.960738.

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Liu, Hao-Tien. "The extension of fuzzy QFD: From product planning to part deployment." Expert Systems with Applications 36, no. 8 (October 2009): 11131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.02.070.

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Marie Schons, Laura, and Philipp Thöne. "Identification and stereotypes as determinants of brand extension potential." Innovative Marketing 13, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.13(1).2017.04.

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Current research suggests that social identification processes play an important role in markets. In this study, the authors propose that marketing research has neglected one important factor, which influences the success of a brand extension, namely the group processes between social groups and brand communities framing the new product introduction. Based on social identification theory, the authors derive a framework integrating identification and stereotyping processes, simultaneously testing for drivers of brand extension potential, which have been found to be important in past empirical studies. Using a structural equation modeling approach, the authors test for in-group and out-group effects in two hypothetical brand extension scenarios of one snowboard brand (Burton), and a surf brand (Billabong) into the ski market. They find that the social identification processes underlying the new product introduction significantly drive the potential success of the brand extension. By being the first study to explore the role of identification and stereotype effects in brand extension, the authors make an important contribution to research in this area. Moreover, our study provides important implications for brand managers planning to extend their brands into new product categories.

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LEE, JOOHYUNG, and YI WANG. "A Probabilistic Extension of Action Language." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 18, no. 3-4 (July 2018): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000303.

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AbstractWe present a probabilistic extension of action language${\cal BC}$+$. Just like${\cal BC}$+$is defined as a high-level notation of answer set programs for describing transition systems, the proposed language, which we callp${\cal BC}$+$, is defined as a high-level notation of LPMLNprograms—a probabilistic extension of answer set programs. We show how probabilistic reasoning about transition systems, such as prediction, postdiction, and planning problems, as well as probabilistic diagnosis for dynamic domains, can be modeled inp${\cal BC}$+$and computed using an implementation of LPMLN.

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A. M., Al-Gohary,, Attia, E.A., and El-Shennawy, L.H. "Training Needs for Female Agricultural Extension Agents in Planning Extension Programs to Preserve the Rural Environment in Gharbia Governorate." Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 42, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 1127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2021.173377.

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Zhihui, Gao, and Zou Guangtian. "Intelligent Data Mining of Computer-Aided Extension Residential Building Design Based on Algorithm Library." Complexity 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6690746.

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In recent years, with the development of construction industry, more scientific, systematic, fast, and intelligent calculation methods are needed to coordinate urban development and fierce market competition, and mathematical algorithm library plays an important role in artificial intelligence. Therefore, the author uses computer mathematical algorithm and extension theory to study and analyze the residential building design and intelligent data mining. It is found that the research of the computer-aided expression method of extension building planning is mainly the expression of the input and output system of extension building planning. It includes knowledge representation, system outline design, system flow, and interface expression based on the mathematical database.

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Giannakopoulou, Kalliopi, Andreas Paraskevopoulos, and Christos Zaroliagis. "Multimodal Dynamic Journey-Planning." Algorithms 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2019): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12100213.

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In this paper, a new model, known as the multimodal dynamic timetable model (DTM), is presented for computing optimal multimodal journeys in schedule-based public transport systems. The new model constitutes an extension of the dynamic timetable model (DTM), which was developed originally for a different setting (unimodal journey-planning). Multimodal DTM demonstrates a very fast query algorithm that meets the requirement for real-time response to best journey queries, and an ultra-fast update algorithm for updating the timetable information in case of delays of scheduled-based vehicles. An experimental study on real-world metropolitan networks demonstrates that the query and update algorithms of Multimodal DTM compare favorably with other state-of-the-art approaches when public transport, including unrestricted—with respect to departing time—traveling (e.g., walking and electric vehicles) is considered.

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Lalchan, Subita, Ashish Shrestha, and Bishnu Jwarchan. "Sphenoid sinus pneumatization in a sample of Nepalese population: A multidetector computed tomography study." Journal of Brain and Spine Foundation Nepal 2, no. 1 (August 10, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbsfn.v2i1.39018.

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Introduction: The purpose of study was to assess the prevalence of different types of pneumatization of sphenoid sinus in the Nepalese population as detected in CT scan of paranasal sinus. Materials and Methods: This study included patients attending radiology department for CT scan of paranasal sinus. The CT images of paranasal sinus were assessed for the type of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus and type of clival, lateral recess and lesser wing extensions. Results: Most common type of pneumatization found in our study was complete sellar type (61.7%) and partial sellar type was second common type (27.4%). Pre-sellar type of pneumatization was seen in 10.9%. There were no patients with conchal type of pneumatization in our study. The clival extension of pneumatization was seen in 64%, lateral extension was found in 35.4%. and lesser wing type of pneumatization was found in 9.7%. Conclusion: Pre-surgical assessment of types and extension of sphenoid sinus pneumatization helps surgeons in surgical planning and to reduce complications during surgery. The variation in prevalence of sphenoid sinus pneumatization was found between our study population and other different population. This confirms that ethnicity influences types and extension of sphenoid sinus pneumatization.

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Bourne, J. "Australasia-Pacific Extension Network Inc. (APEN) promoting extension as a discipline." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 6, no. 2 (September 1999): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13892249985300241.

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Groenewald, J. A., and B. H. Koch. "Impact and organization of agricultural extension." Development Southern Africa 6, no. 3 (August 1989): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358908439478.

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Kishindo, Paul. "Incorporating population issues in agricultural extension." Development Southern Africa 13, no. 6 (December 1996): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359608439943.

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Egbert, Joy L., Seyed Abdollah Shahrokni, Xue Zhang, Intissar Ahmed Yahia, Nataliia Borysenko, Adnan F. Saad Mohamed, David Herman, Sonia Lopez-Lopez, Chioma Ezeh, and Faraj Aljarih. "Planning for Future Inquiry." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 8, no. 2 (April 2018): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2018040103.

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The body of research on CALL tasks and topics grows daily; however, there are still a number of areas that are underrepresented in the literature. While there are many gaps in the CALL research to address, this article specifically focuses on eight gaps, chosen because of their perceived importance in improving CALL evidence and research practices and, by extension, language teaching and learning. In presenting the gaps, each section in this article: 1) provides a rationale for exploring the topic, 2) briefly reviews studies that typify the extant research in the focal area, and 3) provides recommendations for future research. The purpose of this article is to encourage all stakeholders in CALL to join in the rigorous and multi-perspective exploration of these under-addressed areas and strengthen the use of CALL for language learning and teaching.

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Feylizadeh, M. R., and M. Bagherpour. "Application of Optimization Techniques in Production Planning Context: A Review and Extension." International Journal of Manufacturing Systems 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijmsaj.2011.1.8.

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Kim Jin-Mo, 박진경, 임정훈, 전영욱, and 손규태. "Prospect of the Future of Agricultural Extension Service Using the Scenario Planning." Journal ofAgricultural Education and Human Resource Development 49, no. 3 (September 2017): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23840/agehrd.2017.49.3.45.

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ONODA, Shigeru. "A Historical Study of Elevated Railway Planning on the Sobu Railway Extension." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 18 (2001): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.18.17.

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Sohayda, Chris, Patrick A. Kupelian, Jay Ciezki, Howard S. Levin, and Eric A. Klein. "Extent of extracapsular extension: Implications for planning for conformal radiotherapy and brachytherapy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 42, no. 1 (January 1998): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)80117-x.

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