Relevant bibliographies by topics / Extensible processor

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Extensible processor'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Extensible processor"

1

Martin, Grant. "What is a configurable, extensible processor?" ACM SIGDA Newsletter 38, no. 16 (August 15, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1862846.1862847.

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Martin, Grant. "What is a configurable, extensible processor?" ACM SIGDA Newsletter 38, no. 17 (September 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1862849.1862850.

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Gonzalez, R. E. "Xtensa: a configurable and extensible processor." IEEE Micro 20, no. 2 (2000): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/40.848473.

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Martin, Grant. "Multi-Processor SoC-Based Design Methodologies Using Configurable and Extensible Processors." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 53, no. 1-2 (November 29, 2007): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-007-0153-7.

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Sun, F., S. Ravi, A. Raghunathan, and N. K. Jha. "Custom-Instruction Synthesis for Extensible-Processor Platforms." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 23, no. 2 (February 2004): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2003.822133.

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Misko, Joshua, Shrikant S. Jadhav, and Youngsoo Kim. "Extensible Embedded Processor for Convolutional Neural Networks." Scientific Programming 2021 (April 21, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630552.

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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require significant computing power during inference. Smart phones, for example, may not run a facial recognition system or search algorithm smoothly due to the lack of resources and supporting hardware. Methods for reducing memory size and increasing execution speed have been explored, but choosing effective techniques for an application requires extensive knowledge of the network architecture. This paper proposes a general approach to preparing a compressed deep neural network processor for inference with minimal additions to existing microprocessor hardware. To show the benefits to the proposed approach, an example CNN for synthetic aperture radar target classification is modified and complimentary custom processor instructions are designed. The modified CNN is examined to show the effects of the modifications and the custom processor instructions are profiled to illustrate the potential performance increase from the new extended instructions.
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Noori, Hamid, Farhad Mehdipour, Kazuaki Murakami, Koji Inoue, and Morteza Saheb Zamani. "An architecture framework for an adaptive extensible processor." Journal of Supercomputing 45, no. 3 (February 1, 2008): 313–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-008-0174-4.

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Dutheil, Julien Y., Sylvain Gaillard, and Eva H. Stukenbrock. "MafFilter: a highly flexible and extensible multiple genome alignment files processor." BMC Genomics 15, no. 1 (2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-53.

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Bauer, L., M. Shafique, and J. Henkel. "Efficient Resource Utilization for an Extensible Processor Through Dynamic Instruction Set Adaptation." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 16, no. 10 (October 2008): 1295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2008.2002430.

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Sano, Kentaro, Luzhou Wang, and Satoru Yamamoto. "Prototype implementation of array-processor extensible over multiple FPGAs for scalable stencil computation." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 38, no. 4 (September 14, 2010): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1926367.1926381.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Extensible processor"

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Cheung, Newton Computer Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Design automation methodologies for extensible processor platform." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26118.

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This thesis addresses two ubiquitous trends in the embedded system world - the increasing importance of design turnaround time as a design metric, and the move towards closing the design productivity gap. Adopting the right choice of design approach has been recognised as an integral part of the design flow in order to meet desired characteristics such as increasing software content, satisfying the growing complexities of an application, reusing off-the-shelf components, and exploring design metrics tradeoff, which closes the design productivity gap. The importance of design turnaround time is motivated by the intensive competition between manufacturers, especially makers of mainstream electronic consumer products, who shrinks the product life cycle and requires faster time-to-market to maximise economic benefits. This thesis presents a suite of design automation methodologies to automatically design embedded systems for an application in the state-of-the-art design approach - the extensible processor platform. These design automation methodologies systematise the extensible processor platform???s design flow, with particular emphasis on solving four challenging design problems: i) code segment identification; ii) instruction generation; iii) architectural customisation selection; and iv) processor evaluation. Our suite of design automation methodologies includes: i) a semi-automatic design system - to design an extensible processor that maximises the application performance while satisfying the area constraint. By specifying a fitting function to identify suitable code segments within an application, a two-level hierarchy selection algorithm is used to first select a predefined processor and then select the right instruction, and a performance estimator is used to estimate an application's performance; ii) a tool to match instructions - to automatically match the pre-designed instructions with computationally intensive code segments, reducing verification time and effort; iii) an instructions estimation model - to estimate the area overhead, latency, power consumption of extensible instructions, exploring larger design space; and iv) an instructions generation tool - to generate new extensible instructions that maximises the speedup while minimising power dissipation. A number of techniques such as system decomposition, combinational equivalence checking and regression analysis etc., have been heavily relied upon in the creation of the final design system. This thesis shows results at every stage to demonstrate the efficacy of our design methodologies in the creation of extensible processors. The methodologies and results presented in this thesis demonstrate that automating the design process for an extensible processor platform results in significant performance increase - on average, an increase of 4.74x (up to 15.71x) compared to the original base processor. Our system achieves significant design turnaround time savings (2.5% of the full simulation time for the entire design space) with majority Pareto points obtained (91% on average), and can lead to fewer and faster design iterations. Our instruction matching tool is 7.3x faster on average compared to the best known approaches to the problem (partial simulations). Our estimation model has a mean absolute error as small as 3.4% (6.7% max.) for area overhead, 5.9% (9.4% max.) for latency, and 4.2% (7.2% max.) for power consumption, compared to estimation through the time consuming synthesis and simulation steps using commercial tools. Finally, the instruction generation tool reduces energy consumption by a further 5.8% on average (up to 17.7%) compared to extensible instructions generated by previous approaches.
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Stein, Benhur de Oliveira. "Visualisation interactive et extensible de programmes parallèles à base de processus légers." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004853.

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Cette thèse s'est déroulée au sein du projeta APACHE dont l'objectif est l'étude de l'ensemble des aspects liés à la mise en œuvre efficace et portable d'applications irrégulières et dont les études sont concrétisées par l'environnement ATHAPASCAN. Dans l'environnement ATHAPASCAN le «débogage pour les performances» est basé sur le traçage logiciel des exécutions des applications parallèles suivi de l'analyse des traces et de la visualisation des exécutions tracées. L'objectif de la thèse était de fournir aux programmeurs un outil de visualisation les aidant à identifier les «erreurs de performances» de leurs programmes en leur donnant une représentation aussi claire que possible de l'exécution de ces programmes. La principale contribution de la thèse est la conception et la réalisation d'un outil appelé Pajé combinant les trois propriétés essentielles d'interactivité, d'extensibilité et d'aptitude au passage à l'échelle. L'extensibilité permet de prendre en compte l'absence de stabilisation des modèles de programmation parallèles et d'offrir la possibilité d'ajouter à Pajé des visualisations non envisagées lors de sa conception. Elle est assurée par une architecture en graphe de modules génériques, communiquants par des protocoles bien spécifiés. L'interactivité donne au programmeur le contrôle sur la visualisation par des actions telles que déplacement dans le temps ou inspection du contenu des objets visualisés, etc. Pour limiter le volume de données qu'elle implique de conserver en mémoire, une structure de données appelée fenêtre de visualisation a été définie ainsi que les algorithmes permettant de la faire glisser efficacement dans le temps. L'aptitude au passage à l'échelle est liée à la capacité de représenter un nombre potentiellement important d'objets graphiques - processus légers, communications, tâches, etc. - évoluant dynamiquement. Elle est essentiellement assurée en facilitant la visualisation à différents niveaux d'abstraction, en sorte que le passage d'un niveau à un autre simule une action de zoom
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Dibo, Alexandra. "Challenges when making extensive changes to software processes : A case study on a software development department at Scania CV AB." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30953.

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Organizations go through a variety of different change processes during their life time, and many of these are necessary for the organizations to maintain their competitiveness. However, a large part of change efforts never achieve their goals and about 70 percent of all change efforts are considered to be unsuccessful. A reason for the high percentage of failures is the inability to deal with the challenges that often arises in connection with the change process. In order for the change effort to be successful it is therefore crucial to be prepared and knowing how to identify and handle the challenges and resistance that may arise during the change process. The aim of the study has been to identify the challenges with extensive change efforts in software development organizations. Two extensive changes, (1) changing the software itself by making the software structure modular and (2) changing the software development process by adapting agile methods, at a software development department at Scania CV AB has been used as a case study. An overall fear and resistance towards extensive changes was identified. In addition, four main challenges were identified with the first change; difficulties with the software development process, lack of vision and communication from management, fear and uncertainty, and lack of resources and tools. Two challenges were identified with the second change; that it was time consuming and lack of resources and tools. The difficulties with the software development process showed that the major challenge with the modular software structure was maintaining it. However, the remaining challenges have previously been identified in several studies and could all be related to being causes of resistance. Also, a comparison between the two changes were made to identify similarities and differences between them. This was made to further understand if the difference between the changes could be related to the challenges. The comparison indicates that a change effort with a clear vision, good communication and management involvement is less likely to encounter challenges.
Organisationer genomgår en rad olika förändringsprocesser under sin livstid och många av dessa är nödvändiga för att organisationerna ska behålla sin konkurrenskraft på marknaden. En stor del av förändringsinsatser uppnår dock aldrig sina mål och cirka 70 procent av alla anses vara misslyckade. En orsak till den höga andelen misslyckanden är oförmågan att hantera de utmaningar som ofta uppstår i samband med förändringsprocesser. För att förändringsarbetet ska lyckas är det därför viktigt att vara förberedd och veta hur man identifierar och hanterar de utmaningar och den resistans som kan uppstå under förändringsprocesser. Syftet med studien har varit att identifiera utmaningar med omfattande förändringsinsatser i mjukvaruprocesser. Två omfattande förändringar, (1) modularisering av mjukvarustrukturen och (2) införandet av agil metodik vid en mjukvaruutvecklingsavdelning på Scania CV AB har använts som fallstudie. En övergripande rädsla och resistans mot omfattande förändringar identifierades. Dessutom identifierades fyra huvudutmaningar med den första förändringen; svårigheter med mjukvaruutvecklingsprocessen, brist på vision och kommunikation från ledning, rädsla och osäkerhet samt brist på resurser och verktyg. Två utmaningar identifierades med den andra förändringen; att det var tidskrävande samt brist på resurser och verktyg. Svårigheterna med mjukvaruutvecklingsprocessen visade att den stora utmaningen med den modulära mjukvarustrukturen var att underhålla den. De återstående utmaningarna har emellertid tidigare identifierats i flera studier och kan alla relateras till att vara orsaker till resistans. En jämförelse mellan de två förändringarna gjordes också för att identifiera likheter och skillnader mellan dem. Detta gjordes för att förstå om skillnaderna kunde relateras till utmaningarna. Jämförelsen indikerar att en förändringsinsats med tydlig vision, bra kommunikation och ledarskapsengagemang är mindre benägen att möta utmaningar.
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Fakih, Nivin. "Challenges when making extensive changes to software processes A case study on a software development department at Scania CV AB." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224182.

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Gómez, de la Torre Sara, Susana Anda, and Garland Eduardo Bedoya. "Historical processes and structural factors of deforestation in the Amazon: the case of Tena, Ecuador (2014)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119761.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe the historical, institutional and structural factors of deforestation taking into account the dynamics of intensification or «extensification» of land use in the Amazon region of Tena in Ecuador. A first conclusion was finding the reproduction of an extensive pattern of agriculture in Tena as an important direct agent of deforestation. We believe that this agricultural system originates in historical processes from the sixties, when the state intervenes promoting certain policies of extensive land use, through road construction and specific mechanisms of land titling. The current social and institutional dynamics have failed to reverse such situation, since deforestation is still playing, although there is a tendency to close the agricultural frontier. The indicated form of farming and the corresponding rates of deforestation are played today as a result of structural factors, such as farm size, proximity to roads, the type of technology used and unfavorable market linkages.
El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar y describir los factores históricos, institucionales y estructurales de la deforestación teniendo en cuenta la dinámica de intensificación o «extensificación» de uso del suelo en la región amazónica de Tena, en Ecuador. Una primera conclusión fue constatar la reproducción de una agricultura extensiva en Tena como un importante agente directo de la deforestación. Creemos que dicho sistema agrícola se origina en procesos históricos, desde la década de 1960, cuando el Estado ecuatoriano interviene fomentando ciertas políticas de ocupación extensiva del suelo, a través de la construcción de caminos de penetración y algunas modalidades específicas de titulación de tierras. Las dinámicas sociales e institucionales actuales no han logrado revertir tal situación, pues la deforestación se sigue reproduciendo, a pesar de que existe la tendencia a que se cierre la frontera agrícola. La indicada forma de agricultura y las correspondientes tasas de deforestación se reproducen en la actualidad como resultado de factores estructurales, tales como el tamaño del predio, cercanía a las carreteras, el tipo de tecnología utilizada y una desfavorable articulación con el mercado.
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Elleuch, Ahmed. "Migration de processus dans les systèmes massivement parallèles." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010629.

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Cette thèse traite de la migration de processus dans les systèmes massivement parallèles. L'intérêt d'une telle fonctionnalité est de permettre à un système d'exploitation une gestion efficace des ressources. Les critères de conception sont la transparence de la migration, la réduction des couts induits, et l'adéquation entre les algorithmes de migration et l'extensibilité des architectures cibles
La migration d'un processus vers un nouveau processeur nécessite la suspension du processus, le transfert de son contexte d'exécution et la reprise de l'exécution sur le nouveau processeur. De plus, les protocoles de communication et d'accès doivent être reconsidérés afin de tenir compte de la migration de processus. Pour ces différentes actions et selon les critères de conception retenus, de nouveaux algorithmes ont été proposes. La mise en œuvre de ces algorithmes dans le noyau de système ParX nous a permis de montrer que la réalisation d'un mécanisme de migration de processus dans un système massivement parallèle peut s'effectuer sans pénaliser les performances du système de façon significative
Enfin, nous avons proposé un algorithme de répartition de charge qui utilise la migration de processus. Compare à un algorithme uniquement fonde sur le placement des processus, les expérimentations effectuées montrent que notre algorithme améliore les temps de réponse du système grâce à la migration de processus. Cette amélioration est obtenue lorsque les temps d'exécution et d'inter-création des processus sont variables et le cout de migration négligeable par rapport à la durée d'exécution des processus
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Moreno, Moreno Flavio David. "Reconocimiento de gestos corporales, utilizando procesamiento digital de imágenes para activar sistema de alarma." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1283.

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La investigación realizada a los sistemas de seguridad electrónica de edificios, plantea como objetivo principal el reconocimiento de tres gestos de un lenguaje corporal del personal de vigilancia, y la consecuente activación de alarma en forma automática. Inicialmente se realizó una encuesta dirigida a las administraciones y personal de edificios, para saber cuales eran las ocurrencias que vulneraban la seguridad de un edificio multifamiliar, luego se observaron y analizaron las imágenes capturadas por una cámara de vigilancia ubicada en la recepción, identificando las ocurrencias más vulnerables y gestos asociados a dichos eventos; se seleccionaron tres gestos que en forma inconsciente realizaba el personal de vigilancia ante dichas situaciones. A determinados cuadros que comprenden estas imágenes se le aplicaron técnicas de procesamiento espacial, con ayuda de una iluminación artificial que era más intensa en la parte posterior del sujeto de análisis, consiguiéndose la definición de una silueta binarizada en el entorno Matlab, técnicas como selección del plano rojo, plano de bits más significativo, invertir imagen y transformaciones morfológicas tipo cerradura, definieron una silueta que ayudó a desarrollar un algoritmo matemático para generar una señal eléctrica en el puerto serial USB del ordenador, donde se conectó físicamente una plataforma de hardware Arduino que activa la alarma. La elección de esta plataforma se debió a que Matlab cuenta con un grupo de instrucciones para Arduino, con el objetivo de lograr una comunicación sincronizada entre ordenador e interface. Las técnicas utilizadas reconocieron 62,5% de los eventos descritos en las encuestas realizadas y que no son mencionadas en temas de investigación similar. Para lograr el objetivo fue necesario analizar un cuadro por segundo. The research poses as their main objective the three gestures recognition of a body language of surveillance personnel and the consequent activation of alarm automatically. It was initially carried out a survey of the administration and the offices of the buildings to know which were the occurrences that violate the security of a multi-family building, then were observed and analyzed images captured by a surveillance camera located in the reception, identifying the most vulnerable occurrences and gestures associated with these events; were selected three gestures that unconsciously performs surveillance personnel before such situations; to certain pictures that comprise these images were applied spatial processing techniques, with the help of an artificial lighting that was more intense in the back of the subject of analysis, getting the definition of a silhouette binarized in the Matlab environment, techniques such as plane selection red, more significant bit plane, to invest an image and convolution close type, defined a silhouette that allowed to develop a mathematical algorithm that generated an electrical signal in USB serial port of the computer, where it is physically connected a hardware platform Arduino that active the alarm.This platform choice is due to the fact that Matlab has a group of instructions for Arduino, achieving an orderly communication between computer and interface. The techniques used recognized 62.5 % of the events described in the surveys carried out and which aren’t mentioned in similar research topics. To achieve the objective was necessary to analyze a picture per second.
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De, Oliveira Stein Benhur. "Visualisation interactive et extensible de programmes parallèles à base de processus légers." Phd thesis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004853.

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Cette thèse s'est déroulée au sein du projet APACHE (CNRS-INPG-INRIA-UJF) dont l'objectif est l'étude de l'ensemble des aspects liés à la mise en oeuvre efficace et portable d'applications irrégulières et dont les études sont concrétisées par l'environnement Athapascan. Dans l'environnement Athapascan le «débogage pour les performances» est basé sur le traçage logiciel des exécutions des applications parallèles suivi de l'analyse des traces et de la visualisation des exécutions tracées. L'objectif de la thèse était de fournir aux programmeurs un outil de visualisation les aidant à identifier les "erreurs de performances" de leurs programmes en leur donnant une représentation aussi claire que possible de l'exécution de ces programmes. La principale contribution de la thèse est la conception et la réalisation d'un outil appelé Pajé combinant les trois propriétés essentielles d'interactivité, d'extensibilité et d'aptitude au passage à l'échelle. L'extensibilité permet de prendre en compte l'absence de stabilisation des modèles de programmation parallèles et d'offrir la possibilité d'ajouter à Pajé des visualisations non envisagées lors de sa conception. Elle est assurée par une architecture en graphe de modules génériques, communiquants par des protocoles bien spécifiés. L'interactivité donne au programmeur le contrôle sur la visualisation par des actions telles que déplacement dans le temps ou inspection du contenu des objets visualisés, etc. Pour limiter le volume de données qu'elle implique de conserver en mémoire, une structure de données appelée fenêtre de visualisation a été définie ainsi que les algorithmes permettant de la faire glisser efficacement dans le temps. L'aptitude au passage à l'échelle est liée à la capacité de représenter un nombre potentiellement important d'objets graphiques (processus légers, communications, tâches, etc...) évoluant dynamiquement. Elle est essentiellement assurée en facilitant la visualisation à différents niveaux d'abstraction, en sorte que le passage d'un niveau à un autre simule une action de zoom.
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Castro, Helena Isabel Ferreira de. "Effects of land use change on plant composition and ecosystem functioning in an extensive agro-pastoral system : plant functional traits and ecosystems processes." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/9680.

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Tese de doutoramento em Biologia (Ecologia) apresentada à Fac. de Ciências e Tecnoloiga da Univ. de Coimbra
As a consequence of the industrial and socio-demographic changes of the last decades, the characteristic land use practices of extensive agro-pastoral systems in the region of Alentejo, Southern Portugal are being gradually abandoned and the consequences are still little understood. Land use changes are important drivers of environmental degradation, modification and fragmentation of habitats with the subsequent alterations of global carbon and hydrological cycles, global and regional climate, and decline in biodiversity. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of abandonment in ecosystems with a long history of human management, as is the case of the agro-pastoral systems of Southern Portugal. Three land use categories were selected to represent a decrease in land use intensity (‘grazing’, ‘intermediate succession’ and advanced succession’). Following abandonment, secondary succession is expected to occur with consequent changes in soil characteristics and vegetation composition and structure. Because plant species differ in their functional traits and in their effects on ecosystem processes, an effect of land use change at this level may also be expected. Plant traits relate to universal plant functions of growth (e.g. light and nutrient acquisition, water use efficiency) and persistence (e.g. recruitment, dispersal, defence against herbivores and other disturbances). They provide a widely applicable framework for interpreting community shifts along environmental gradients, including secondary succession. The main objectives were to (1) identify changes in vegetation composition and structure in response to decreasing land use intensity; (2) Identify functional groups and changes in species traits in response to decreasing land use intensity; (3) Identify the effect of decreasing land use intensity in key ecosystem processes such as decomposition and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP). Overall, the results from the present study showed that abandonment resulted in changes in species composition and richness, in plant functional traits and functional groups and in ecosystem processes (biomass, ANPP and decomposition). Secondary succession resulting from abandonment of grazing showed stronger changes in vegetation composition and structure than in soil characteristics. Among the soil chemical properties tested, only phosphorus, carbon and organic matter were affected by land use change. Phosphorus decreased with abandonment while organic matter and carbon showed an increase. Species richness decreased sharply after land abandonment, and this was associated with a strong turnover in species composition from grazed to abandoned sites as the vegetation changed from annual herbaceous to shrub-dominated communities. One single species (Cistus ladanifer) accounted for more than 50% of relative cover in the areas abandoned for a longer time, suggesting that this species might have an important role in possible changes in ecosystems processes. The species that colonized the different land use categories differed in plant functional traits. Therophyte life form, short canopy height, high specific leaf area (SLA), low leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and small seeds with dispersal structures were dominant at grazed plots. Within abandoned plots, chamaephytes dominanted at ‘intermediate succession’ plots and decrease in favour of nanophanerophytes in ‘advanced succession’ plots. Canopy height, LDMC and seed mass increase with abandonment time while SLA decreased. Functional response groups were found by combining life form and SLA and these were found to be sufficient to describe vegetation change. Therophytes with medium SLA were the dominant functional group in grazed areas, while nanophanerophytes with medium or low SLA were associated with later phases of abandonment. At intermediate stages of succession the dominant group was chamaephytes with medium SLA but functional diversity was highest as all the groups, except hemicriptophytes with medium SLA, were represented. Our study showed an increase in total above-ground biomass with abandonment indicating a positive effect of the shift to woody vegetation on total above-ground biomass. ANPP significantly increased in plots abandoned for longer time. This increase was strongly related with the increase in the cover of Cistus ladanifer. This is a pioneer species that colonises degraded areas and forms one of the first stages of succession of woody communities. Under favourable conditions, C. ladanifer can grow fast and attain large amounts of biomass in a short time and quickly spreads over recently disturbed areas. Regarding decomposition, shrub litter was found to be higher than herbaceous litter in nutrient content, especially nitrogen, which seemed to favour higher initial decomposition rates but lower decomposition rate in the longer term. Overall, decomposition was slower in abandoned than in grazed plots and this was positively correlated with the content of cellulose and hemicellulose of initial litter. Lower rates of decomposition were also found to be related to the increase in LDMC, a trait strongly linked to physical attributes of the leaves.
Em consequência da rápida evolução da indústria e alterações sócio-demográficas das ultimas décadas, assistiu-se a um abandono gradual das praticas de agricultura e pastorícia extensivas típicas dos sistemas agro-silvo-pastoris do Alentejo. Os efeitos desse abandono nas características da vegetação e no funcionamento do ecossistema são ainda pouco conhecidos. As alterações no uso do solo conduzem a perda, modificação e fragmentação de habitats e a consequentes alterações dos ciclos globais da agua e do carbono, do clima regional e global, bem como a uma diminuição da biodiversidade. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento dos efeitos do abandono de praticas de gestão extensivas em áreas em que estas são praticadas há séculos, como e o caso dos sistemas agro-pastoris do sul de Portugal. Para tal, foram seleccionadas três áreas representativas de diferentes intensidades de uso do solo (‘pastoreio’, ’sucessão intermédia’ e ‘sucessão avançada’). O abandono das praticas agro-pastoris da inicio a um processo de sucessão secundaria, o qual, e geralmente, acompanhado por alterações físico-químicas do solo bem como por alterações da composição e estrutura da vegetação. As espécies vegetais diferem quer nos atributos funcionais que as caracterizam quer no modo como influenciam o funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Os atributos funcionais estao relacionados com aspectos como o crescimento (aquisição de luz e nutrientes, eficiência no uso da agua) e a sobrevivência (dispersão, regeneração, protecção contra herbívoros e outras perturbações). Estes permitem interpretar variações nas comunidades vegetais ao longo de gradientes ambientais, nos quais se pode incluir a sucessão secundaria. Em resposta ao abandono, foram objectivos deste trabalho identificar: (1) alterações na composição e estrutura da vegetação; (2) grupos funcionais e variações nos atributos funcionais; (3) efeitos na biomassa e produtividade primaria da parte aérea, bem como na taxa de decomposição da folhada. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o abandono tem como consequências a alteração da composição e número de espécies, dos atributos funcionais e grupos funcionais, bem como das propriedades do ecossistema estudadas (biomassa e produtividade primaria da parte aérea, e decomposição da folhada). Os efeitos do abandono de praticas agro-pastoris extensivas nas áreas de estudo foram mais visíveis na composição e estrutura da vegetação do que nas características do solo. De entre os parâmetros do solo determinados, apenas se registaram alterações no conteúdo em fósforo, carbono e matéria orgânica. Observou-se uma diminuição de fósforo e um aumento de carbono e matéria orgânica em função do tempo de abandono. A riqueza específica diminuiu significativamente após o abandono e foi acompanhada por uma considerável alteração da composição florística, sendo que comunidades maioritariamente compostas por herbáceas anuais foram substituídas por comunidades arbustivas. Nas áreas de ‘sucessão avançada’ há dominância de uma espécie, Cistus ladanifer, responsável por mais de 50% da cobertura relativa, o que sugere que esta espécie pode ter um efeito importante no funcionamento destes ecossistemas. As espécies presentes nas diferentes categorias de uso do solo apresentaram diferenças nos atributos funcionais. Atributos associados as áreas com pastoreio incluem, forma de vida terofita, plantas de pequeno porte, área especifica da folha (SLA) elevada, teor de matéria seca da folha (LDMC) baixo, sementes pequenas com mecanismos de dispersão. Relativamente as areas abandonadas, os camefitos dominam nas areas de ‘sucessão intermédia’, diminuindo em favor dos nanofanerofitos nas áreas de ‘sucessão avançada’. Os atributos altura da copa, LDMC e massa da semente aumentaram com o tempo de abandono enquanto a SLA diminuiu. Através da combinação de dois atributos, forma de vida e SLA, foi possível identificar grupos funcionais de resposta. Terofitos com SLA media foram o grupo funcional dominante nas áreas de pastoreio, enquanto os nanofanerofitos com SLA media ou elevada foram o grupo dominante nas áreas de ‘sucessão avançada’. Em fases intermédias da sucessão o grupo dominante foram os camefitos com SLA média, mas a diversidade de grupos funcionais foi mais elevada do que nas restantes categorias pois todos os grupos, com excepção de hemicriptofitos com SLA média, estavam representados. O estudo apresentado mostrou um aumento da biomassa da parte aérea total com o aumento do tempo de abandono indicando um efeito positivo da substituição de espécies herbáceas por espécies arbustivas na biomassa aérea total. A produtividade primária líquida da parte aérea foi significativamente mais alta nas áreas abandonadas há mais tempo. Este aumento deveu-se em grande parte ao aumento da cobertura de Cistus ladanifer. Esta espécie e pioneira na colonização de solos degradados e forma um dos primeiros estados da sucessão de comunidades arbustivas. Em condições favoráveis esta espécie pode acumular grandes quantidades de biomassa em pouco tempo e rapidamente colonizar áreas recentemente perturbadas. A análise da qualidade inicial da folhada mostrou valores mais elevados de azoto na folhada das áreas abandonadas, o que parece ter contribuído para a decomposição rápida destes tipos de folhada em fases iniciais e mais lenta em fases mais tardias. Em termos gerais, a decomposição da folhada foi mais lenta nas áreas abandonadas do que nas áreas com pastoreio. Os resultados mostraram uma correlação positiva entre a taxa de decomposição e o conteúdo inicial de celulose e hemicelulose da folhada. Adicionalmente, registou-se uma correlação negativa entre a taxa de decomposição e a LDMC, um atributo relacionado com a composição estrutural das folhas.
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Shin, Yun Koung. "Reconstructive-memory process." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5348.

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This graduate report is a description of my artistic development through the graduate program at the University of Texas at Austin. It records my development and growth as an artist in relationship to the concepts, materials, and processes I have been investigating and exploring in the past three years. The graduate report focuses on three important concerns to which I’ve been dedicated. First, materials are imperative to my work. I physically collect and use my father’s ordinary objects and transform them with raw materials, such as clay, flour, honey, chocolate, beeswax, and petroleum jelly. The decision of choosing raw materials is based on my personal and cultural experiences. I am particularly interested in exploiting raw materials because I believe these raw materials can trigger a particular memory, place, or relationship that I want to preserve and remember. Second, my process of making involves ritualistic aspects with repetitive acts. I believe that everyday practices are a way of reconstructing relationships and remembering home. I am interested in embracing emotional attributes that may be simple activities: spraying a piece daily to keep it wet or sewing a personal object until it is impossible to sew. Finally, through the relationship among the objects, repeated actions, and an anticipation that evokes magical power and charged energy, I methodically transform objects. I do this to celebrate emotions and to preserve not only these personal objects but also my memories of home.
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Books on the topic "Extensible processor"

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Ernst, Richard. Dictionary of engineering and technology: With extensive treatment of the most modern techniques and processes. 5th ed. Wiesbaden: Brandstetter, 1989.

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Ernst, Richard. Comprehensive dictionary of engineering and technology: With extensive treatment of the most modern techniques and processes. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Ernst, Richard. Comprehensive dictionary of engineering and technology: With extensive treatment of the most modern techniques and processes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Igor', Alekseevich, Alekseevna Mariya, Viktorovna Elena, and Aleksandrovna Vera. Social transformations in the Russian labor market: informal employment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1209845.

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This monograph is devoted to the problems of social transformations in modern Russian society, which cover the labor market, forming an extensive socio-professional group of self-employed people with physical and mental labor. The self-employed in the shadow market transform the social structure, forming a specific class, which is characterized by its own original class culture, class norms of behavior, values, and lifestyle. The class character of this professional group marks archaic trends in stratification in the modern Russian Federation and can serve as the basis for the revival of the old traditional urban class — philistinism — in Russia. It is intended for bachelors, masters, postgraduates studying in the areas of "Management", "Sociology", "Economics", "State and Municipal Management", "Personnel Management", as well as for a wide range of readers interested in social transformations in the modern world, social processes of archaization, the formation of class structures and social processes in informal employment markets.
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Young-woo, Han. A Unique Banchado. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823490.

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Fully illustrated in colour, here is the first introduction in English to one of Korea’s outstanding cultural assets – the banchado (‘painting of the order of guests at a royal event’) – relating to all those taking part (1800 people) in the eight-day royal procession to Hwaseong (Gyeonggi Province) organized by King Jeongjo in 1795 for the dual purpose of visiting his father’s tomb and celebrating his mother’s sixtieth birthday. The banchado is a fine example of the meticulous record-keeping of the period (known as uigwe – the subject-matter of this book being known as the Wonhaeng eulmyo jeongni uigwe) and the skills of the court artists at that time. In addition to the banchado illustrations, the Wonhaeng eulmyo jeongni uigwe contains extensive lists of all the participants in the procession, details of the workers and technicians involved, including their duties and wages. It even includes the different foods offered at meal-times, the quantity of ingredients and the costs. The author provides a full analysis of the context, planning, execution and significance of the event.
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Sherwood, Dennis, and Paul Dalby. Ideal gas processes – and two ideal gas case studies too. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0007.

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This chapter brings together, and builds on, the results from previous chapters to provide a succinct, and comprehensive, summary of all key relationships relating to ideal gases, including the heat and work associated with isothermal, adiabatic, isochoric and isobaric changes, and the properties of an ideal gas’s heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure. The chapter also has two ‘case studies’ which use the ideal gas equations in broader, and more real, contexts, so showing how the equations can be used to tackle, successfully, more extensive systems. The first ‘case study’ is the Carnot cycle, and so covers all the fundamentals required for the proof of the existence of entropy as a state function; the second ‘case study’ is the ‘thermodynamic pendulum’ – a system in which a piston in an enclosed cylinder oscillates to and fro like a pendulum under gravity, in both the absence, and presence, of friction.
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Nugroho, Kharisma, Fred Carden, and Hans Antlov. Local Knowledge Matters. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348078.001.0001.

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Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. This book explores the critical role that local knowledge plays in public policy processes as well as its role in the co-production of policy relevant knowledge with the scientific and professional communities. The authors consider the mechanisms used by local organisations and the constraints and opportunities they face, exploring what the knowledge-to-policy process means, who is involved and how different communities can engage in the policy process. Ten diverse case studies are used from around Indonesia, addressing issues such as forest management, water resources, maritime resource management and financial services. By making extensive use of quotes from the field, the book allows the reader to ‘hear’ the perspectives and beliefs of community members around local knowledge and its effects on individual and community life.
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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Network growth algorithms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0008.

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Growth processes are a fundamentally different approach compared to probability-driven exponential models covered in earlier chapters. This chapter studies how growth rules can be designed to mimic processes observed in the real world, and how the process can be mathematically analyzed in order to obtain information about the likely topological properties of the resulting networks. The configuration (stub joining) model is described, including a careful discussion of how bias can be introduced if backtracking is used instead of restarting if stubs join to form a self or double link. The second class of models looked at is preferential attachment. The simplest variants of this are analyzed with a master equation approach, in order to introduce this technique as a way of obtaining analytical information about the expected properties of the generated graphs. Extensive references are provided to the numerous variants and extensions of both of these models.
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Stahl, Ann Brower. Material Histories. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0005.

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The term ‘material culture’ is often used by archaeologists as a non-specific way to refer to the artifacts or other concrete things left by past cultures. An archaeologist thus can be described as a person who studies the material culture of a past society. This article focuses on the idea of material histories. This idea as explored in this article has a dual sense. First, it underscores the ways in which material culture was bound up in how history as socio-historical process was lived, thus revealing how its study can provide insights into past practices and processes. Secondly, it reminds us that historical accounts — our insights into socio-historical processes — are material to the present, thus underscoring the need to consider how those accounts are shaped by and simultaneously shape contemporary perceptions and practices. An extensive analysis of material moments and material histories in the present time winds up this article.
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Lee, Maggy, Mark Johnson, and Michael McCahill. Race, Gender, and Surveillance of Migrant Domestic Workers in Asia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814887.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a transnational analysis of the ways in which migrant workers are placed at the sharp end of migration control based on gendered and racialized notions of domestic labour. Migrant women from the Philippines to Hong Kong and Saudi Arabia are routinely subjected to an extensive and diffuse process of surveillance and social sorting beyond the geographic border and criminal justice system. In their country of origin, women’s mobilities are conditioned by their willingness to produce a documented identity as good women and disciplined workers. In their countries of destination, they are subjected to a range of state and non-state monitoring processes that seek to racially assign and keep different sorts of migrant women in their place as foreign residents and disposable workers. Ultimately, differential inclusion remains underpinned by a criminal justice system that can bear down heavily on migrants through the threat of criminalization, detention, and deportation.
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Book chapters on the topic "Extensible processor"

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Martin, Grant, Nenad Nedeljkovic, and David Heine. "Configurable, Extensible Processor System Simulation." In Processor and System-on-Chip Simulation, 293–308. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6175-4_18.

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Sun, Fei, Srivaths Ravi, Anand Raghunathan, and Niraj K. Jha. "A Framework for Extensible Processor Based MPSoC Design." In Designing Embedded Processors, 65–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5869-1_4.

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Pufahl, Luise, Tsun Yin Wong, and Mathias Weske. "Design of an Extensible BPMN Process Simulator." In Business Process Management Workshops, 782–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74030-0_62.

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Huynh, Huynh Phung, and Tulika Mitra. "Runtime Adaptive Extensible Embedded Processors — A Survey." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 215–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03138-0_23.

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Debenham, John. "An Adaptive, Maintainable, Extensible Process Agent." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 636–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48309-8_59.

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Estublier, Jacky, Jorge Villalobos, Anh-Tuyet LE, Sonia Sanlaville, and German Vega. "An Approach and Framework for Extensible Process Support System." In Software Process Technology, 46–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45189-1_5.

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Battigalli, P. "Algorithmic Solutions for Extensive Games." In Decision Processes in Economics, 140–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45686-2_12.

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Linton, T. D., K. Foley, F. Heinz, R. Kotlyar, P. Matagne, A. Eremenko, S. Sergienko, M. Stettler, M. D. Giles, and B. Voinov. "MDS — A New, Highly Extensible Device Simulator." In Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices 2007, 341–44. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-72861-1_82.

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Kolovos, Dimitrios S., Richard F. Paige, and Fiona A. C. Polack. "An Agile and Extensible Code Generation Framework." In Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 226–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11499053_33.

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Arumugam, Chamundeswari, Sriraghav Kameswaran, and Baskaran Kaliamourthy. "Risk Assessment Framework: ADRIM Process Model for Global Software Development." In Towards Extensible and Adaptable Methods in Computing, 3–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2348-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Extensible processor"

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Bauer, Lars, Muhammad Shafique, Dirk Teufel, and Jorg Henkel. "A Self-Adaptive Extensible Embedded Processor." In First International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saso.2007.2.

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Jovic, J., S. Yakoushkin, L. Murillo, J. Eusse, R. Leupers, and G. Ascheid. "Hybrid simulation for extensible processor cores." In 2012 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/date.2012.6176480.

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Gautam, Pradeep Kumar, and Mahesh Kumar P. Jagtap. "Extensible processor speeds up IP lookup." In 2012 18th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icon.2012.6506593.

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Fei Sun, S. Ravi, A. Raghunathan, and N. K. Jha. "Hybrid custom instruction and co-processor synthesis methodology for extensible processors." In 19th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 5th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design (VLSID'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsid.2006.100.

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Tu, Wenli, Hong Guo, Shuang Chen, and Jin Zhang. "Extensible and reconfigurable multi-core processor connecting method." In 2018 13th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2018.8398140.

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Salgado, F., P. Garcia, T. Gomes, J. Cabral, J. Monteiro, A. Tavares, and M. Ekpanyapong. "Exploring metrics tradeoffs in a multithreading extensible processor." In 2012 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2012.6237291.

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Wong, Stephan, Thijs van As, and Geoffrey Brown. "ρ-VEX: A reconfigurable and extensible softcore VLIW processor." In 2008 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2008.4762420.

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Noori, Hamid, Farhad Mehdipour, Kazuaki Murakami, Koji Inoue, and Morteza SahebZamani. "A Reconfigurable Functional Unit for an Adaptive Dynamic Extensible Processor." In 2006 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2006.311313.

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Raizman, Alex, Asvin Ananthanarayan, Anton Kirilov, Badrish Chandramouli, and Mohamed Ali. "An extensible test framework for the Microsoft StreamInsight query processor." In the Third International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1838126.1838128.

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Talebi, Samaneh, Niloofar Abolghasemi, and Ali Jahanian. "EJOP: An Extensible Java Processor with Reasonable Performance/Flexibility Trade-off." In 2012 15th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd.2012.47.

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Reports on the topic "Extensible processor"

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Bruce, Judith, and Sophie Soares. Intentional Design: Reaching the Most Excluded Girls in the Poorest Communities—A Guide for Practitioners and Advocates. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1013.

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The Intentional Design guide is a sourcebook that offers step-wise technical guidance for utilizing the Intentional Design approach, an evidence-based model for the design of girl-centered programs that generates a cycle of information collection and analysis. The tools outlined in this guide have been applied in sites in 44 countries. Twenty-one detailed field reports—including an extensive discussion of the Abriendo Oportunidades program in Guatemala—set the scene in each context by describing key challenges and problems faced, present how tools were used, and explain the eventual resolutions of the Intentional Design process.
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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Voices Rising: Rohingya priorities for an end to their displacement in Myanmar. Oxfam, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6683.

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In central Rakhine State, Myanmar, 130,000 displaced Rohingya and Kaman people have been confined to camps for more than eight years. Without access to basics such as adequate education and healthcare services and largely unable to leave the camps, these communities urgently need real solutions that will support their rights and dignity. The Myanmar government has also recognized the importance of bringing an end to these camps and has taken some steps in this direction. This report explores the current policy commitments made by the Government of Myanmar in relation to durable solutions for displaced Rohingya in Rakhine State. It then focuses on findings from extensive discussions with displaced Rohingya people, particularly women, regarding their priorities for an end to their displacement and opportunities for a better future. The IDPs consistently pointed to the importance of being consulted and engaged as part of any process aimed at closing the camps, of having their rights recognized, particularly in relation to freedom of movement, and of being afforded choice in terms of possible return to their places of origin or another place of their choosing.
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Shaping the COVID decade: addressing the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. The British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bac19stf/9780856726590.001.

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In September 2020, the British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review to address the question: What are the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19? This short but substantial question led us to a rapid integration of evidence and an extensive consultation process. As history has shown us, the effects of a pandemic are as much social, cultural and economic as they are about medicine and health. Our aim has been to deliver an integrated view across these areas to start understanding the long-term impacts and how we address them. Our evidence review – in our companion report, The COVID decade – concluded that there are nine interconnected areas of long-term societal impact arising from the pandemic which could play out over the coming COVID decade, ranging from the rising importance of local communities, to exacerbated inequalities and a renewed awareness of education and skills in an uncertain economic climate. From those areas of impact we identified a range of policy issues for consideration by actors across society, about how to respond to these social, economic and cultural challenges beyond the immediate short-term crisis. The challenges are interconnected and require a systemic approach – one that also takes account of dimensions such as place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term). History indicates that times of upheaval – such as the pandemic – can be opportunities to reshape society, but that this requires vision and for key decisionmakers to work together. We find that in many places there is a need to start afresh, with a more systemic view, and where we should freely consider whether we might organise life differently in the future. In order to consider how to look to the future and shape the COVID decade, we suggest seven strategic goals for policymakers to pursue: build multi-level governance; improve knowledge, data and information linkage and sharing; prioritise digital infrastructure; reimagine urban spaces; create an agile education and training system; strengthen community-led social infrastructure; and promote a shared social purpose. These strategic goals are based on our evidence review and our analysis of the nine areas of long-term societal impact identified. We provide a range of illustrative policy opportunities for consideration in each of these areas in the report that follows.
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