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1

1939-, Aziz A., and Welty James R, eds. Extended surface heat transfer. New York: John Wiley, 2001.

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2

Kraus, Allan D. Extended Surface Heat Transfer. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2000.

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3

Malone, Philip E. Surface ship shock modeling and simulation: Extended investigation. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.

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4

Ainsworth, Simon. Surface EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) studies of adsorbates on surfaces. [s.l.]: typescript, 1986.

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5

Solids and surfaces: A chemist's view of bonding in extended structures. Weinheim: VCH, 1989.

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6

Hoffmann, Roald. Solids and surfaces: A chemist's view of bonding in extended structures. New York, NY: VCH Publishers, 1988.

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7

Baumeister, Kenneth J. Acoustic propagation in curved ducts with extended reacting wall treatment. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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8

Gensure, John Reynold. Extended surface heat sinks for electronic components: A computer optimization. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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9

E, Pahlman J., ed. Zero-surface-charge-controlled drilling for enhanced penetration and extended bit life. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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10

D'Autrechy, C. Lynne. Autoplan: A self-processing network model for an extended blocks world planning environment. College Park, Md: University of Maryland, 1990.

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11

D'Autrechy, C. Lynne. Autoplan: A self-processing network model for an extended blocks world planning environment. College Park, Md: University of Maryland, 1990.

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12

Tsukuba Satellite Symposium on Single Molecule and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2006 Tsukuba Kenkyū Gakuen Toshi, Japan). SM-TERS 2006, Tsukuba Satellite Symposium on Single Molecule and Tip-enhanced Raman Scattering: Extended abstracts : August 17-19, 2006, AIST Tsukuba Center Auditorium, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Tsukuba, Japan: AIST, 2006.

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13

C, Koningsberger D., and Prins Roelof, eds. X-ray absorption: Principles, applications, techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS, and XANES. New York: Wiley, 1988.

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14

Saha, Sujoy Kumar, Hrishiraj Ranjan, Madhu Sruthi Emani, and Anand Kumar Bharti. Heat Transfer Enhancement in Plate and Fin Extended Surfaces. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20736-6.

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15

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Modern Thermodynamics: Based on the Extended Carnot Theorem. Berlin, Heidelberg: Science Press,Beijng and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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16

Lunardini, Virgil J. Effect of condensation on performance and design of extended surfaces. [Hanover, N.H.]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1995.

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17

Diebold, Michael, Steven De Backer, Philipp M. Niedenzu, Brett R. Hester, and Frank A. C. Vanhecke. Pigments, Extenders, and Particles in Surface Coatings and Plastics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99083-1.

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18

Aziz, Abdul, James Welty, and Allan D. Kraus. Extended Surface Heat Transfer. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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19

Aziz, Abdul, James Welty, and Allan D. Kraus. Extended Surface Heat Transfer. Wiley-Interscience, 2001.

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20

Simon, Harris, Peter Heggs, and Derek B. Ingham. Extended Surface Conjugate Heat Transfer. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2001.

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21

Surface Ship Shock Modeling and Simulation: Extended Investigation. Storming Media, 2000.

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22

Hoffmann, Roald. Solids and Surfaces: A Chemist's View of Bonding in Extended Structures. Wiley-VCH, 1989.

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23

Hoffmann, Roald. Solids and Surfaces: A Chemist's View of Bonding in Extended Structures. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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24

Hoffmann, Roald. Solids and Surfaces: A Chemist's View of Bonding in Extended Structures. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2021.

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25

Hoffmann, Roald. Solids and Surfaces: A Chemist's View of Bonding in Extended Structures. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2021.

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26

Hoffmann, Roald. Solids and Surfaces: A Chemist's View of Bonding in Extended Structures. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2021.

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27

An Exploratory Analysis of Corrective Maintenance During Extended Surface Ship Deployments. Storming Media, 1998.

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28

E, Pahlman J., ed. Zero-surface-charge-controlled drilling for enhanced penetration and extended bit life. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1989.

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29

A, Reggia James, McFadden Francis M, University of Maryland at College Park., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and National Science Foundation (U.S.), eds. Autoplan: A self-processing network model for an extended blocks world planning environment. College Park, Md: University of Maryland, 1990.

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30

(Editor), D. C. Koningsberger, and R. Prins (Editor), eds. X-Ray Absorption: Principles, Applications, Techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS and XANES (Chemical Analysis: A Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications). Wiley-Interscience, 1988.

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31

X-ray absorption: Principles, applications, techniques of EXAFS, SEX AFS, and XANES. New York: Wiley, 1988.

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32

Levin, Frank S. Quantum Tunneling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0014.

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Quantum tunneling, wherein a quanject has a non-zero probability of tunneling into and then exiting a barrier of finite width and height, is the subject of Chapter 13. The description for the one-dimensional case is extended to the barrier being inverted, which forms an attractive potential well. The first application of this analysis is to the emission of alpha particles from the decay of radioactive nuclei, where the alpha-nucleus attraction is modeled by a potential well and the barrier is the repulsive Coulomb potential. Excellent results are obtained. Ditto for the similar analysis of proton burning in stars and yet a different analysis that explains tunneling through a Josephson junction, the connector between two superconductors. The final application is to the scanning tunneling microscope, a device that allows the microscopic surfaces of solids to be mapped via electrons from the surface molecules tunneling into the tip of the STM probe.
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33

Yasuhiro, Iwasawa, ed. X-ray absorption fine structure for catalysts and surfaces. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 1996.

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34

Saha, Sujoy Kumar, Hrishiraj Ranjan, Madhu Sruthi Emani, and Anand Kumar Bharti. Heat Transfer Enhancement in Plate and Fin Extended Surfaces. Springer, 2019.

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35

Saha, Sujoy Kumar, Hrishiraj Ranjan, Madhu Sruthi Emani, and Anand Kumar Bharti. Heat Transfer Enhancement in Plate and Fin Extended Surfaces. Springer, 2019.

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36

Backer, Steven De, Philipp M. Niedenzu, Brett R. Hester, Frank Vanhecke, and Michael P. Diebold. Pigments, Extenders, and Particles in Surface Coatings and Plastics. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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37

Whitesell, Lloyd. Tropes of Desire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843816.003.0005.

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This chapter investigates how sound and image can be styled to create allure, encouraging particular frames of mind in the viewer. Three such frames are important to glamour’s effect: first, fetishism or captive attention, which involves a fascination with display, senses captivated by a material surface that offers itself up to extended enjoyment; second, the transfiguration of the everyday, through presenting images of impossible beauty and desirability but also through weaving fantasies of escape and transformation; and third, the preservation of distance between spectators and the object of their fascination, using devices such as restraint and remoteness. Finally, anticonsumerist critiques of glamour are evaluated alongside counterarguments upholding glamour’s transformative and sustaining potential.
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38

Harrison, Douglas. Glory Bumps. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036972.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an extended inquiry into the psychodynamics of southern gospel. It identifies a reciprocal process of sentimental exchange in the music that sustains a surreptitious modernity within a fundamentalist culture. This dynamic operates just beneath the surface of consensus about the music and about evangelicalism as a structure of belief. Methodologically, the chapter draws on literary critical readings of song lyrics in relation to analysis of live performance and the music's fan culture. It shows how the music allows the individual to confront feelings of doubt, insecurity, fear, isolation, and general spiritual discontent—even or especially when these feelings might contradict orthodox doctrine—without ever putting the individual in direct, public conflict with orthodoxy. Ultimately, this chapter demonstrates how a shaky but workable pluralism takes hold within evangelical fundamentalism.
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39

Voisin, Claire. On the Chow ring of K3 surfaces and hyper-Kahler manifolds. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691160504.003.0005.

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This chapter considers varieties whose Chow ring has special properties. This includes abelian varieties, K3 surfaces, and Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in projective space. For K3 surfaces S, it was discovered that they have a canonical 0-cycle o of degree 1 with the property that the product of two divisors of S is a multiple of o in CH₀(S). This result would later be extended to Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in projective space. The chapter also considers a decomposition in CH(X × X × X)ℚ of the small diagonal Δ‎ ⊂ X × X × X that was established for K3 surfaces, and is partially extended to Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces. Finally, the chapter uses this decomposition and the spreading principle to show that for families π‎ : X → B of smooth projective K3 surfaces, there is a decomposition isomorphism that is multiplicative over a nonempty Zariski dense open set of B.
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40

Bezanson, Randall P. Government and Its Speech Forum. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037115.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the Supreme Court's decision inPleasant Grove City v. Summum. In the city of Pleasant Grove, Utah, sits Pioneer Park—the site of a local controversy that launched a landmark expansion of the doctrine known as “government speech.” The park's attractions are a hodgepodge of monuments and historical markers, including a privately donated Ten Commandments monument. A small and unconventional local religious group called Summun argued before the Supreme Court for the right to place its own monument next to the Ten Commandments in Pioneer Park. At issue in the Summun case was whether and how the claimed government speech forum would apply to monuments in a public park. Beneath the surface of this issue, however, were some very fundamental First Amendment questions. The chapter focuses on these questions. Is First Amendment immunity for government speech constitutionally justified, and if so, why? Should government's choice of private speech qualify as government speech? Should government's speech power be extended to a government speech forum in which only approved ideas and viewpoints can be expressed?
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41

Pinna, Baingio. On the Watercolor Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0057.

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The watercolor illusion is a long-range assimilative spread of color emanating from a thin colored line running contiguous to a darker chromatic contour and imparting a figure-ground effect across a large area. The watercolored figure appears evenly colored by an opaque light veil of chromatic tint (coloration effect), with a clear surface color property spreading from the lighter edges. At the same time, the watercolored figure manifests a strong figure-ground organization and a solid figural appearance comparable to a rounded surface segregated in depth which extends out from the flat surface. The complementary region appears as a hole or empty space. The phenomenal properties of coloration and figure-ground effects and their relationship are described and demonstrated. The watercolor illusion and its main effects are discussed in the light of parallel mechanisms. Boundary and surface dynamics are processed by the boundary contour system and by the feature contour system.
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42

Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Measuring Multivariate Selection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0030.

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This chapter extends many of the results from Chapter 29 on single trait-fitness associations to the multiple trait setting. It examines the estimate of multivariate fitness surfaces, starting with quadratic surfaces and then moving to nonparametric versions (which assume no a prior functional form). It also examines path analysis, the analysis of missing data, and multilevel selection.
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43

Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer L., Fawn D. Vigneau, and David Schottenfeld. Small Intestine Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0035.

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The small intestine extends 6–7 meters from the gastric pylorus to its insertion into the large intestine. Its mucosal surface contains 90% of the absorptive surface area of the digestive tract. Remarkably, in 2015, only about 3% of digestive system cancers and less than 1% of digestive cancer deaths in the United States were observed in the small intestine. In contrast, approximately 50% of cancers in the digestive tract were diagnosed in the large intestine, which measures just 1.5 meters in length. Cancers of the small intestine are among the most heterogeneous of gastrointestinal neoplasms, encompassing pathologic subtypes of neuroendocrine carcinoid, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Adenocarcinoma accounted for ~25% to–35% of cancers in the small intestine, in contrast to over 90% of cancers in the large intestine. Genetic syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), predispose to adenocarcinoma in the small intestine.
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44

Pfeiffer, Christian. Aristotle's Theory of Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779728.001.0001.

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Aristotle’s conception of body at the heart of this study is the notion of a three‐dimensionally extended and continuous magnitude bounded by surfaces. This notion is distinct from the notion of a physical substance. Substances have bodies: they are extended, their parts are continuous with each other, and they have boundaries which demarcate them from their surroundings. It is argued that body has a pivotal role in Aristotle’s natural philosophy. A theory of bodies can be compared to Aristotle’s account of central concepts for natural science, such as motion, place, and time which are discussed in Physics III‐‐IV. The book argues that when Aristotle discusses the notion of body and related notions, he has primarily physical, as opposed to mathematical, bodies in mind. The physicist studies body insofar as it is the body of a physical substance, whereas the mathematician studies body as if it were separate. Although Aristotle never wrote a continuous treatment on bodies, it is possible to reconstruct a coherent and philosophically appealing theory of bodies. The second half of the book offers a systematic treatment of the concept of three‐dimensional magnitude and related notions such as boundary, extension, contact, and continuity. Both the structural features and the ontological status of body are discussed. In this sense, the second half of the book is a study in ancient mereotopology.
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45

van Houselt, Arie, and Harold J. W. Zandvliet. Self-organizing atom chains. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.9.

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This article examines the intriguing physical properties of nanowires, with particular emphasis on self-organizing atom chains. It begins with an overview of the one-dimensional free electron model and some interesting phenomena of one-dimensional electron systems. It derives an expression for the 1D density of states, which exhibits a singularity at the bottom of the band and extends the free-electron model, taking into consideration a weak periodic potential that is induced by the lattice. It also describes the electrostatic interactions between the electrons and goes on to discuss two interesting features of 1D systems: the quantization of conductance and Peierls instability. Finally, the article presents the experimental results of a nearly ideal one-dimensional system, namely self-organizing platinum atom chains on a Ge(001) surface, focusing on their formation, quantum confinement between the Pt chains and the occurrence of a Peierls transition within the chains.
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46

Schoene, Adam. Sentimental Conviction: Rousseau’s Apologia and the Impartial Spectator. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422857.003.0009.

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Where Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) extends the domain of spectatorship beyond the ocular realm and claims that we must become the impartial spectators of our own character and conduct, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Rousseau juge de Jean-Jacques, Dialogues (1776) also attempts to probe beyond the visual surface to examine through careful study the constitution of another, who is actually himself. This chapter traces a Smithian sentiment in the radical division of the self dramatized in Rousseau’s fictional autobiographical Dialogues, emphasizing Rousseau’s attempt to liberate his own gaze and render an unbiased judgment upon himself. Although Rousseau does not write in direct discourse with Smith, he applies a strikingly similar rhetorical device to the spectator within the dialogic structure of his apologia. Reading Rousseau alongside Smith resituates the Dialogues not as a work of madness, as it has frequently been interpreted, but rather as an unrelenting struggle for justice.
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47

Bridges, John C. Evolution of the Martian Crust. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.18.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.Mars, which has a tenth of the mass of Earth, has cooled as a single lithospheric plate. Current topography gravity maps and magnetic maps do not show signs of the plate tectonics processes that have shaped the Earth’s surface. Instead, Mars has been shaped by the effects of meteorite bombardment, igneous activity, and sedimentary—including aqueous—processes. Mars also contains enormous igneous centers—Tharsis and Elysium, with other shield volcanoes in the ancient highlands. In fact, the planet has been volcanically active for nearly all of its 4.5 Gyr history, and crater counts in the Northern Lowlands suggest that may have extended to within the last tens of millions of years. Our knowledge of the composition of the igneous rocks on Mars is informed by over 100 Martian meteorites and the results from landers and orbiters. These show dominantly tholeiitic basaltic compositions derived by melting of a relatively K, Fe-rich mantle compared to that of the Earth. However, recent meteorite and lander results reveal considerable diversity, including more silica-rich and alkaline igneous activity. These show the importance of a range of processes including crystal fractionation, partial melting, and possibly mantle metasomatism and crustal contamination of magmas. The figures and plots of compositional data from meteorites and landers show the range of compositions with comparisons to other planetary basalts (Earth, Moon, Venus). A notable feature of Martian igneous rocks is the apparent absence of amphibole. This is one of the clues that the Martian mantle had a very low water content when compared to that of Earth.The Martian crust, however, has undergone hydrothermal alteration, with impact as an important heat source. This is shown by SNC analyses of secondary minerals and Near Infra-Red analyses from orbit. The associated water may be endogenous.Our view of the Martian crust has changed since Viking landers touched down on the planet in 1976: from one almost entirely dominated by basaltic flows to one where much of the ancient highlands, particularly in ancient craters, is covered by km deep sedimentary deposits that record changing environmental conditions from ancient to recent Mars. The composition of these sediments—including, notably, the MSL Curiosity Rover results—reveal an ancient Mars where physical weathering of basaltic and fractionated igneous source material has dominated over extensive chemical weathering.
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48

Holmes, Jonathan, and Philipp Hoelzmann. The Late Pleistocene-Holocene African Humid Period as Evident in Lakes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.531.

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From the end of the last glacial stage until the mid-Holocene, large areas of arid and semi-arid North Africa were much wetter than present, during the interval that is known as the African Humid Period (AHP). During this time, large areas were characterized by a marked increase in precipitation, an expansion of lakes, river systems, and wetlands, and the spread of grassland, shrub land, and woodland vegetation into areas that are currently much drier. Simulations with climate models indicate that the AHP was the result of orbitally forced increase in northern hemisphere summer insolation, which caused the intensification and northward expansion of the boreal summer monsoon. However, feedbacks from ocean circulation, land-surface cover, and greenhouse gases were probably also important.Lake basins and their sediment archives have provided important information about climate during the AHP, including the overall increases in precipitation and in rates, trajectories, and spatial variations in change at the beginning and the end of the interval. The general pattern is one of apparently synchronous onset of the AHP at the start of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial around 14,700 years ago, although wet conditions were interrupted by aridity during the Younger Dryas stadial. Wetter conditions returned at the start of the Holocene around 11,700 years ago covering much of North Africa and extended into parts of the southern hemisphere, including southeastern Equatorial Africa. During this time, the expansion of lakes and of grassland or shrub land vegetation over the area that is now the Sahara desert, was especially marked. Increasing aridity through the mid-Holocene, associated with a reduction in northern hemisphere summer insolation, brought about the end of the AHP by around 5000–4000 years before present. The degree to which this end was abrupt or gradual and geographically synchronous or time transgressive, remains open to debate. Taken as a whole, the lake sediment records do not support rapid and synchronous declines in precipitation and vegetation across the whole of North Africa, as some model experiments and other palaeoclimate archives have suggested. Lake sediments from basins that desiccated during the mid-Holocene may have been deflated, thus providing a misleading picture of rapid change. Moreover, different proxies of climate or environment may respond in contrasting ways to the same changes in climate. Despite this, there is evidence of rapid (within a few hundred years) termination to the AHP in some regions, with clear signs of a time-transgressive response both north to south and east to west, pointing to complex controls over the mid-Holocene drying of North Africa.
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49

Clarke, Andrew. Global temperature and life. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0014.

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The extreme meteorological surface air temperatures recorded to date are –89.2 oC in Antarctica, and 56.7 oC in Death Valley, California. Ground temperatures can be higher or lower than these air temperatures. The bulk of oceanic water is cold (< 4 oC) and thermally stable. Whilst data on limits to survival attract considerable attention, the thermal limits to completion of the life cycle (which define the limits to life) are much less well known. Currently identified upper thermal limits for growth are 122 oC for archaeans, 100 oC for bacteria and ~60 oC for unicellular eukaryotes. No unicells appear to grow below –20 oC, a limit that is probably set by dehydration-linked vitrification of the cell interior. The lower thermal limits for survival in multicellular organisms in the natural world extend to at least –70 oC. However in all cases known to date, completion of the life cycle requires summer warmth and the lowest temperature for completion of a multicellular eukaryote life cycle appears to be ~0 oC for invertebrates in glacial meltwater and ~–2 oC for marine invertebrates and fish living on the continental shelves around Antarctica.
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50

Thompson, Lonnie G., and Alan L. Kolata. Twelfth Century AD. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0008.

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Climate is a fundamental and independent variable of human existence. Given that 50 percent of the Earth’s surface and much of its population exist between 30oN and 30oS, paleoenvironmental research in the Earth’s tropical regions is vital to our understanding of the world’s current and past climate change. Most of the solar energy that drives the climate system is absorbed in these regions. Paleoclimate records reveal that tropical processes, such as variations in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have affected the climate over much of the planet. Climatic variations, particularly in precipitation and temperature, play a critical role in the adaptations of agrarian cultures located in zones of environmental sensitivity, such as those of the coastal deserts, highlands, and altiplano of the Andean region. Paleoclimate records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 masl) in highland Peru that extend back ~1800 years show good correlation between precipitation and the rise and fall of pre-Hispanic civilizations in western Peru and Bolivia. Sediment cores extracted from Lake Titicaca provide independent evidence of this correspondence with particular reference to the history of the pre-Hispanic Tiwanaku state centered in the Andean altiplano. Here we explore, in particular, the impacts of climate change on the development and ultimate dissolution of this altiplano state.
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