Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exposed writing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Exposed writing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Exposed writing"

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UMOH, Samuel, and Matshepo Catherine MATOANE. "Academic Writing Needs of International Psychology PhDs in a South African University." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Psychologia-Paedagogia 68, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbpsyped.2023.2.07.

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"The paper examines the academic writing experience amongst international psychology PhD students at a South African public university. The paper also discusses the challenges of academic writing and the support structures of academic writing. Sixteen (16) international students studying at PhD level in psychology were selected by purposive sampling from a public South African university in KwaZulu-Natal. Drawing from generated by iproposalss, findings suggest that participants experienced academic writing challenges in drafting PhD proposal, supervisor’s feedback and plagiarism. Academic writing challenges were aggravated for international PhD students from non-native English-speaking countries. Findings also suggest that university support structures such as academic writing retreats improved the academic writing of participants and exposed them to the rigors of academic writing. Keywords: academic writings, PhD doctoral program, analytical, research, and communication skills"
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Zulkornain, Luqmanul Hakim, Azman Che Mat, and Nurul Ajleaa Abdul Rahman. "Does Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) Improve Students’ Writing? Focus on Technical Aspects and Readability." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 13, no. 10 (2023): 1656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.10.1974.

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Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) software has gained popularity in the field of writing related research. Most studies focused on perception and acceptance of AWEs and improvements in writing. However, this study was carried out based on the technicality of the writing which are often discussed as readability. The objectives of the study are to investigate the improvement in writing and to compare the results between the control and the experimental groups. The study employed a descriptive research design with two groups (control (n=49) and experimental n=72)) undergoing two tests (pre-test and post-test). The gap between these tests was 10 weeks where the control group went on the traditional teaching and learning method while the experimental group were exposed and trained to use AWE. Using the Flesch Reading Ease Scale and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, the readability of the writings as well as the grade level required to understand the writings were tested. The findings revealed that the improvement of the readability in the experimental group fared slightly less compared to the control group. However, it is still safe to conclude that AWE does help to improve writings.
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Condé, Mauro. "Science and its Grammar: Writing the History of Science through the Lens of the later Wittgenstein." Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 10 (June 18, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2021.i10.06.

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The article aims to demonstrate the possibility of writing the history of science from the later Wittgenstein viewpoint. To accomplish this purpose, it exposes the “theory of history” of Wittgensteinian inspiration, called “grammar of history”. Then it discusses the idea of a Wittgensteinian-inspired “theory of science”, here called “grammar of science”. Finally, based on the interconnections between the grammar of history and the grammar of science previously exposed, some guidelines for writing the history of science from a Wittgensteinian perspective are outlined.
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Kawaid, A. Irwan Santeri Doll, Zulhilmi Mohamed Nor, Amiruddin Mohd Sobali, and Mohd Zohdi Mohd Amin. "Keperluan Penyeragaman Gaya Penulisan Takhrij Bagi Penulisan Ilmiah: Satu Cadangan." Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v14i1.117.

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Takhrij has been defined as disclosing the original source of a hadith from the major books of Islam and revealing its status if it needed. The main purpose of it is to preserve the hadith of the Prophet SAW from being falsified as well as to rectified the facts related to it. Proper writing of takhrij hadith has become a common requirement stressed from many parties. Many writings, especially scientific, have required that each hadith that been exposed must disclose its takhrij properly. Although it has been stressed, many inconsistency styles of writing found in the documentation of takhrij. The inconsistencies have confused some reader to the excact meaning of the documentation. The absence of a proper guide to the way of writing of takhrij is been found one of the reason of the inconsistencies. This article aims to discuss the inconsistencies and proposes a few suggestions of stlye of documentation of takhrij to be applied in scientific writing.
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Ayg�n, Sibel, and Fatih Yavuz. "The effects of critical thinking instruction through asynchronous learning tools on writing." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.5.2.176-191.

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In writing classes, besides mastering the language items and writing rhetoric, students are required to use some high order thinking skills to be able to write academically. Hence, this study basically aims to see the effectiveness of the use of critical thinking skills on writing achievements of the Turkish EFL students. The purpose of the study is to see if online critical thinking treatment affects students� use of critical thinking skills in their writings. In addition, students� attitudes towards asynchronous learning tools during the study were observed. At the beginning and end of the study, 16 students in control group and 16 students in experimental group answered the questions in the critical thinking disposition scale. In addition to this, their writing performances were evaluated before and after the study. Meanwhile, experimental group students were exposed to 8-week online critical thinking treatment. The data gathered were statistically analysed and the results indicate that while the students� writing performances do not differ significantly before and after the online critical thinking treatment, it has significantly contributed to the studentS� use of critical thinking skills while writing.
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Marcus, Steven M. "Treatment of Lead-exposed Children." Pediatrics 98, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.1.161a.

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I am writing in response to the recommendations in the statement "Treatment Guidelines for Lead Exposure in Children," by the Committee on Drugs, reported in the July 1995 issue of Pediatrics. The Committee did an admirable job in reviewing the various aspects of treating lead poisoning; however, there are several points that were made that need to be clarified. Although no one would argue that treatment is indicated for lead encephalopathy, there have been no studies, to my knowledge, of a double-blind, controlled nature, showing that treatment of lead poisoning, in the absence of clinical symptoms, is of any use in either reversing any neurologic or developmental abnormalities or, in fact, in prevention of such.
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Almelhi, Abdullah M. "Effectiveness of the ADDIE Model within an E-Learning Environment in Developing Creative Writing in EFL Students." English Language Teaching 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n2p20.

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The present research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the ADDIE model as used in teaching online in the LMS of Blackboard® and its facilities such as discussion boards, forums and blogs for improving the creative writing skills of EFL college students. The researcher utilized a quasi-experimental method, involving a pretest, posttest and control group design. Sixty students were randomly selected from freshmen studying in the English department participated in the study and were assigned equally to the research groups. The experimental group was exposed to the e-learning environment, which sought to develop the students’ creative writing skills while the control group was exposed to the traditional teaching method. Using a creative writing checklist and a writing test designed to assess the specific features of creative writing (originality, accuracy, self-expression, fluency, flexibility and overall writing performance for assessing creative writing in the research participants, results of t-tests and eta square statistical tests demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores gained by the experimental group and those obtained by the control group writing performance post-testing to the good of the experimental group participants. Conclusions and pedagogical implications were forwarded at the end of the article.
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Sanchez, Alexandra J. "“Bluebeard” versus black British women’s writing." English Text Construction 13, no. 1 (July 24, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.00032.san.

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Abstract Helen Oyeyemi’s 2011 novel Mr. Fox artfully remasters the “Bluebeard” fairytale and its many variants and rewritings, such as Jane Eyre and Rebecca. It is also the first novel in which Oyeyemi does not overtly address blackness or racial identity. However, the present article argues that Mr. Fox is concerned with the status of all women writers, including women writers of colour. With Mr. Fox, Oyeyemi echoes the assertiveness and inquisitiveness of Bluebeard’s last wife, whose disobedient questioning of Bluebeard’s canonical authority leads her to discover, denounce, and warn other women about his murderous nature. A tale of the deception and manipulation inherent in storytelling, Mr. Fox allows for its narrative foul play to be exposed on the condition that its literary victims turn into detective-readers and decipher the hidden clues left behind by the novel’s criminal-authors. This article puts the love triangle between author St. John Fox, muse Mary, and wife Daphne under investigation by associating reading and writing motifs with detective fiction. Oyeyemi’s ménage à trois can thus be exposed as an anthropomorphic metaphor for the power struggle between the patriarchal literary canon, established feminist literature, and up-and-coming (black British) women writers, incarnated respectively by Mr. Fox, Mary Foxe, and Daphne Fox.
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Dung, Nguyen Thi. "The effectiveness of Topic-Based Writing on EFL Learners’ Writing Skill." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 1, no. 3 (December 20, 2020): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v1i3.138.

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Being accepted as out of the four essential language skills in the language learning process, writing seems to be difficult for numerous EFL learners. This research is an endeavor to explore if learners can grow out of the writing difficulties with topic-based writing activity. 78 third-year students at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Phan Thiet University in Phan Thiet City, Binh Thuan Province participated in the study. These students were in the two writing classes, one class was treated as the experimental group (EG) and the other as the control group (CG). Research findings exposed the benefits of topic-based writing activity in nurturing learners' writing motivation and enhancing their writing skill. Furthermore, this activity gave students good chances to widen their knowledge on the topic, enrich their emotion on disadvantaged people, and build a friendly learning environment outside the classroom. The necessity and usefulness of the application of topic-based writing activity was predominantly recognized among students.
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Cardell, Kylie, and Kate Douglas. "Why literature students should practise life writing." Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 17, no. 2 (March 8, 2016): 204–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474022216635825.

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This article considers our experiences teaching a hybrid literature/creative writing subject called “Life Writing.” We consider the value of literature students engaging in creative writing practice—in this instance, the nonfiction subgenre of life writing—as part of their critical literary studies. We argue that in practicing life writing, our literature students are exposed to and gain wider perspective on the practical, critical, creative, and ethical issues that arise from working with literary texts. Such an approach is not with risk. As we discuss in this article, life writing texts can often narrate difficult or traumatic material. However, we want to show how life writing, with its particular focus on actual lives and lived experience, creates a particularly conducive ethical, intellectual, and creative space for learning about and practicing writing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exposed writing"

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Lee, Ingrid M. "Mental health services for children 0 to 5 years old exposed to interpersonal violence| A grant writing project." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10102596.

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The purpose of this project was to locate a potential funding source and write a grant for early mental health services for children 0 to 5 years old exposed to interpersonal violence. An extensive literature review was conducted to understand the impact of interpersonal violence on young children, as well as evidence-based therapies for this population.

The goals of the proposed program are to strengthen the parent-child bond and thus minimize the child’s emotional, psychological, and behavioral issues caused by interpersonal violence. Parent-child therapy would be provided in the home so that the child is in a familiar environment and the parent can witness positive parenting skills, as taught by the therapist in a real world scenario.

The John and Lisa Pritzker family fund was chosen to support the program. The actual submission of the grant was not a requirement of the thesis project.

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Alrawashdeh, Hana. "Le graffiti dans les camps de fortune au Nord de la France : carrefour de langues, de signes et de discours. Une analyse de différentes réalisations scripturales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0280.

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Ce travail de recherche s’intéresse aux graffitis dans les « camps de fortune » qui ont été constitués entre 2016 et 2017 dans le Nord de la France dont, entre autres, celui très connu de Calais (nommé la Jungle). Ces graffitis ont été élaborés par les personnes déplacées qui vivaient sur place. Pour cela, ils utilisaient comme supports les moyens qui étaient à leur disposition, comme les tentes, les murs, les poubelles. Mon corpus est composé de 90 photos de ces graffitis. C’est un corpus hybride, car les graffitis peuvent être composés de textes et d’images, les inscriptions y sont en plusieurs langues (principalement français, anglais, arabe) et peuvent être composées de mots isolés, de citations, d’énoncés brefs et simples. Pour procéder aux analyses, et pour prendre en compte le brassage de langues, j’ai traduit et transcrit la plupart de ces graffitis, et les ai étudiés en prenant en considération l’emplacement de chacun d’eux dans le camp.Les moyens des déplacés pour faire entendre leur désarroi et parfois leur colère sont très limités. En raison de ce contexte social et de la finalité de ces écritures, on observe que les messages présentent, entre autres des revendications, des références au pays d’origine mais aussi des appels à la paix.Étant donné le caractère composite de ce corpus, je l’ai envisagé selon plusieurs points de vue, en le rapportant à chaque étape à son contexte particulier. Pour ce faire, ma thèse est composée de deux parties : la première est une présentation détaillée du contexte général (structuration du camp, populations et langues en présence) ; la deuxième partie porte sur les outils utilisés pour analyser ces graffitis. Dans cette partie, un premier chapitre introduit et discute la notion de graffiti, terme utilisé dans la suite de la thèse ; un deuxième chapitre porte sur les caractéristiques linguistiques de mon corpus ; le troisième chapitre aborde les graffitis en termes d’actes de langage, en prenant en compte les énonciateurs, mais aussi les destinataires des messages : en effet, dans ce contexte, à qui ces graffitis s’adressent-ils ? De plus, peut-on considérer les graffitis, dans ce contexte, comme des écritures exposées ? ; le quatrième chapitre envisage les graffitis dans toute leur dimension signifiante (support, couleur, interaction entre écrit et image) ; Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, je défends l’idée d’envisager les camps comme des villes, dans lesquelles les graffitis constituent un paysage linguistique
This research work focuses on graffiti in the " temporary camps" that were set up between 2016 and 2017 in the North of France, including, among others, the well-known one in Calais (called the Jungle). This graffiti was created by the displaced people who lived there. To help them create the graffiti, those people used the available materials like tents, walls, and garbage bins.The photo collection that I have captured for this graffiti consists of 90 photos.This photo collection is a hybrid collection. It includes text and images. The text was written in several languages (mainly French, English, and Arabic). Also, the text was varied between words, quotes, and short, simple sentences.To conduct the analysis taking into account having the graffiti in different languages, all graffiti work was translated to French. The other factor that has been used in the analysis was the location of each graffiti in the camp. The ways for the residents of these camps to express their anxiety and anger were very limited. Given the social context and the purpose of creating this graffiti, we observed that the messages have included, among other things, demands, references to their countries of origin, and calls for peace. Due to the diversity of the content of this photo collection, I used different criteria to study them, and I applied the appropriate context to each photo.This thesis has two sections. The first section explains the general context of the camps (the structure of the camp, populations, and the spoken languages). The second section talks about the tools that have been used in the analysis of graffiti. The first chapter discusses the concept of graffiti. The second chapter talks about the linguistic characteristics of the photo collection. The third chapter covers graffiti as a speech act and the relationship between the sender and receiver of these messages. In more detail, who is the audience of this graffiti ? Is it possible to consider this graffiti as exposed writing “ écritures exposées ” ? The fourth chapter discusses the significant dimensions of graffiti such as the materials used, colors, and the interaction between writing and image. The last chapter provides my argument about the notion of seeing camps as cities where graffiti can be seen as a linguistic landscape
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YU, HUI-PING, and 游慧萍. "Wind tells me：From writing therapy to expound TIAN, WEI-NING's “The vision of Ning”father image." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wj8vzg.

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碩士
華梵大學
中國文學系碩士班
104
This thesis generally go through writing therapy to expound the father image in the book which written by TIAN, WEI-NING's “The vision of Ning” and stand on life practice to search the roots of life energy. To release surface boundary and present the original pure life. Current studies relate to father image are generally compassionate to author in the book of TIAN, WEI-NING's “The vision of Ning” which is irresponsible, laissez-faire, headstrong and boyhood. This thesis present the other possible vision and may not apply but even against to author’s original writing purpose. This thesis collect and analyze varies father’s deep statements in the book and present Tian’s father images such as elegance surface, self-care principle, full of compassion. Through above statements to analyze the intimate and transform of their parent-child relationship. Despite the many life adversities and almost orphan like childhood experience and disable family, author ally on prose writing to sort out self-emotion and release from his innocent child trauma and accept life’s circumstances. And the most, to focus and not deny the actual growth to admire and heartily appreciate to his father as Dad's life is very extraordinary. Based on TIAN, WEI-NING's self-writing collection and research, here expecting to put on more confirmation on the meaning and affection for writing therapy in life improvement. Follow the writing progress to self-review and rectification to go through adversity and trauma. With the perspective of kindness and appreciate to ultimate self-unlimited possible life. Here willing to real intent authors’ initial intention without causing the illusion of compassion and pity. From a positive point of view to face the seemingly suffering life story also open general reading habit and thinking.
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Books on the topic "Exposed writing"

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Matthew, Wunder, ed. Cruise secrets exposed. Santa Monica, Calif: Universal Information Corp. Pub. Co., 1995.

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The inside scoop: A guide to nonfiction investigative writing and exposés. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited, 2009.

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What you aren't supposed to know about writing and publishing: An exposé of editors, agents, publishing houses, and more-- : an insider's report. New York: Shapolsky Publishers, 1988.

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Alù, Giorgia. Journeys Exposed: Women's Writing, Photography, and Mobility. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Alù, Giorgia. Journeys Exposed: Women's Writing, Photography, and Mobility. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Alù, Giorgia. Journeys Exposed: Women's Writing, Photography, and Mobility. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Alù, Giorgia. Journeys Exposed: Women's Writing, Photography, and Mobility. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Cox, Joseph. Woman on the Beast Exposed: Inspirational Writing of Apostle JC. Independently Published, 2019.

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English Exposed: Common Mistakes Made by Chinese Speakers. Hong Kong University Press, 2017.

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Wunder, Matthew, and Eppie Epstein. Cruise Secrets Exposed: The How to Resource Guide to the Best Values in Cruise Travel. Studio 4 Productions Publishing Company, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Exposed writing"

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Colbert, Benjamin. "“Raw Productions … Exported in Abundance”: Continental Tourism in Satire, 1815–1828." In Continental Tourism, Travel Writing, and the Consumption of Culture, 1814–1900, 95–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36146-4_5.

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Zampol D'Ortia, Linda. "Representations of Tibet and Responses to Missionary Failure in Ippolito Desideri’s Italian Writings." In Connessioni. Studies in Transcultural History, 33–49. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0242-8.04.

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This chapter considers the long shadow of failure on the 1716–1721 mission to Tibet by Italian Jesuit Ippolito Desideri (1684–1733). Analysing Desideri’s letters, his missionary manual, and his Notizie historiche del Thibet, it focuses on the historical actors’ perceptions of missionary failure, and on the expectations and biases these perceptions created, to expose otherwise neglected aspects of this intercultural encounter. It investigates the impact that these perceptions had on the tensions extant in the Jesuit Province of Goa, on Desideri’s description of the populations of the so-called “Three Tibets” (Baltistan, Ladakh and Tibet), and on the missionary policy he proposed for creating a Catholic Christendom that could spread globally.
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"Re-writing." In Journeys Exposed, edited by Giorgia Alù, 145–68. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429437700-6.

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Hart, Steve. "Selecting the Correct Style." In English Exposed. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390755.003.0013.

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This chapter examines language that is inappropriate for academic writing and reveals the individual terms that should be avoided. It explores adjective choice and how writing can be improved by removing unnecessary phrases from sentences, to improve clarity and understanding. It ends with a discussion on the merits of using noun phrases and verbs.
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Alaimo, Stacy. "Oceanic Origins, Plastic Activism, and New Materialism at Sea." In Exposed. University of Minnesota Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816621958.003.0006.

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The fifth chapter analyzes the poetry of Linda Hogan, the science writing of Rachel Carson, Neil Shubin and others, and the scholarship of Stefan Helmreich, Mark McMenanmin and Dianna McMenamin with the texts and films of plastic pollution activists and artists. This chapter considers the cultural work of narratives and figurations that connect human bodies to the sea. Even though the long evolutionary arc that ties humans to their aquatic ancestors may evoke modes of kinship with the seas, formulations that end with the human as a finished product of that process conclude too soon. A more potent marine trans-corporeality would submerge the human within global networks of consumption, waste, and pollution, capturing the strange agencies of the ordinary stuff of our lives.
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Hart, Steve. "Punctuation." In English Exposed. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390755.003.0019.

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Forgács, Éva. "From Photo to Object: Personal Documents as History-Writing in the Works of Christian Boltanski and Ilya Kabakov." In Exposed Memories, 169–76. Central European University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9786155211867-013.

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Lunden, Jennifer. "Exposed: The Mammogram Myth and the Pinkwashing of America." In Environmental and Nature Writing. Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350007543.ch-017.

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Rohde-Collins, Dorothy. "Students Exposed to Community Violence." In Supporting and Educating Traumatized Students, edited by Eric Rossen, 147–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190052737.003.0008.

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Exposure to community violence has a detrimental effect on the academic, social-emotional, and physical functioning of children, adolescents, and their families. Schools and educators are instrumental in enabling children and adults to process violence and trauma in order to develop a healthy worldview. Schools can counter the effects of community violence by emphasizing the development of sincere relationships between staff, students, and families; offering a warm, welcoming atmosphere; and providing a safe school environment conducive to learning. Educators can embed writing prompts and other opportunities for self-reflection within the academic curriculum as well as teach stress management, coping mechanisms, mindfulness, and relaxation techniques which can be used when a demanding situation arises. Educators and administrators are uniquely positioned to offer supports and opportunities within the school context to substantially improve the outcome for students, families, and communities experiencing community violence.
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Irwin, Robert. "Arab Countries." In The Oxford Guide to Contemporary Writing, 22–38. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198182627.003.0002.

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Abstract The Naksa, or Israeli military victory over Egypt, Syria, and Jordan in 1967, was a major event in Arabic literature. The reality of disaster once again exposed the tawdry rhetoric of those who had led the Arabs to defeat and many now questioned the promises of the region’s nationalist and socialist leaders.
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Conference papers on the topic "Exposed writing"

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Tseng, Chen-Rui, Eng-Ann Gan, David Lee, Chun-Hung Wu, and Shiuh-Bin Chen. "The performance of positive and negative CAR mask exposed by Leica 20 KeV writing system." In 22nd European Mask and Lithography Conference. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.692646.

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Chen, F. Z., W. H. Liu, Y. S. Qiu, and T. S. Lu. "Conical Diffraction in LiNbO3:Fe Crystal." In Photorefractive Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/prm.1987.thb3.

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The studies of cones of diffracted light on the illumination of a previously laser-exposed LiNbO3:Fe crystal have been reported [1-3]. Here we report the observation of additional diffracted cones which strongly depend on the relative directions of both the writing and reconstructing beams with respect to the crystal axis. Furthermore, the intensity distribution of the diffracted cones are related to the combinations of various polarizations of the writing and reconstructing beams.
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Duthie, J. G., L. Z. Kennedy, and D. A. Gregory. "Computer Generated Matched Filters by e-Beam Lithography." In Holography. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/holography.1986.tua1.

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E-beam lithography as a means of realizing computer generated holograms has been discussed by Freyer et al. (1) and by Athale et al. (2). The main advantages of e-beam techniques are the capabilities of focusing electron beams of very narrow dimensions (typically 0.1 to 10 microns) and positioning these beams very accurately on the writing surface. Ultra flat glass plates, plated with chromium then coated with a thin layer of electron sensitive photo-resist, form the writing surfaces. Exposure of the material to the computer located e-beam is followed by development of the photo-resist, and then by etching of the exposed chromium to produce a binary pattern on the glass substrate. Suitable patterns written in this way on the chromium provide a convenient means of achieving holographic elements.
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Smolyaninov, Igor I., Joseph N. Mait, David L. Mazzoni, and Christopher C. Davis. "Fabrication of Submicron Feature Diffractive Elements using Near-Field Direct-Write Ultra-Violet Lithography." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dwd.3.

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The fabrication of surface relief diffractive elements using a series of binary exposures and etches in photo-resist is attractive because it relies upon standard lithographic techniques [1]. Disadvantages of this process include the necessity for mask generation prior to photoresist exposure and the logarithmic relationship between the desired number of phase levels and number of exposures. To overcome the latter restriction, the generation of gray level masks has been proposed [2]. However, both restrictions can be overcome if the photoresist is exposed directly. Electron beam [3] and laser beam direct-write [4] procedures have been proposed. Electron beam writing is attractive for its high resolution and laser beam writing for its cost. Both high resolution and low cost are possible if a tapered fiber is used to deliver energy to the photoresist [5,6]. We report on the fabrication of diffractive gratings with submicron features using a tapered fiber to deliver ultra-violet (UV) energy to a layer of photoresist.
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Kim, Hyeong Cheol, and Jung-Ryul Lee. "Multiplexed Fiber Optic Temperature Monitoring Sensor Using Hard-Polymer-Clad Fiber and an Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3087.

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Optical fiber temperature sensing systems have incomparable advantages than the traditional electric cable based monitoring systems. As of now, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are most popular because of its wavelength domain multiplexing capability. However, grating writing process is complex and takes long time and photosensitive fibers for the typical grating writing process are expensive. In addition, sensing systems for FBGs are also expensive. Therefore, this study proposes multiplexed fiber optic temperature monitoring sensor system using an economical Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) and Hard-Polymer-Clad Fiber (HPCF). HPCF is a specific type of optical fiber, in which a hard polymer cladding made of fluoroacrylate acts as a protective coating for an inner silica core. An OTDR is an optical loss measurement system that provides optical loss and event distance measurement in real time. Multiplexed sensor nodes were economically and quickly made by locally stripping HPCF clad through photo-thermal and photo-chemical processes using a continuous/pulse hybrid-mode laser with 10 m intervals. The core length exposed was easily controlled by adjusting the laser beam diameter, and the exposed core created a backscattering signal in the OTDR attenuation trace. The backscattering peak was sensitive to the temperature variation. Since the elaborated HPCF temperature sensor was insensitive to strain applied to the sensor node and to temperature variation in the normal HPCF line, neither strain compensation nor isolation technique are required. These characteristics are important advantages for the use as structure-integrated temperature sensors. The performance characteristics of the sensor nodes include an operating range of up to 120 C, a resolution of 1.52 C, a tensile strain resistance of 13%.
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Dissanayake, Achala K. "The Use of the Literary Present Tense in Literary Analyses Written by Undergraduates of English Literature in Sri Lanka: An Error Analysis." In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/xlko6426.

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In literary analyses, the literary present tense is used to discuss certain events that take place in literary works. In other words, in literary analyses, writers sometimes use the present tense in reference to works of literature written in the past. Literature students for whom English is a second language can find it daunting to grasp the concept of using the simple present to discuss past events. Apart from this confusion, undergraduate students of English literature can face difficulty in distinguishing between the creative and academic writing styles, especially as they are exposed to both styles of writing and are expected to write academically about creative writing. Against this backdrop, this study analyzed errors related to the use of present tense that occurred in academic writing samples of 21 undergraduate students studying English literature at a Sri Lankan non state higher education institute. The causes of these errors too were determined. The error analysis was conducted according to the five steps suggested by S. Pit Corder (1967). A total of 32 present tense-related errors were identified. Of them, 12 were instances of when the literary present tense was not used where necessary. The remaining 20 errors were examples of students’ usage of the simple present tense instead of the simple past. These two types of errors indicate that the students lack knowledge and/ or practice in determining when (and when not) to use the literary present tense in their literary analyses. Furthermore, a reporting sentence which could be written in either the simple present or simple past tense was identified; such reporting sentences can be construed as increasing the difficulty that students would face in the selection of tenses. Therefore, it can be concluded that literature undergraduates should be introduced to the concept of the literary present tense, which is not a term that is frequently discussed in books written about the pedagogy of academic writing, according to the researcher’s knowledge.
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Müllenborn, M., H. Dirac, and J. W. Petersen. "Nanomachining of Silicon by Direct Laser Processing." In Microphysics of Surfaces: Nanoscale Processing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msnp.1995.mthd3.

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A laser direct write system consisting of a cw Ar ion laser with UV option, an acousto-optic modulator, high-quality optics for beam expansion and steering, and a reflective objective for focusing, has been designed to etch trenches into Si with nanometer resolution. The Si substrate, mounted in a process chamber, is exposed to Cl2 gas and heated above its melting point by the laser light. Upon melting, a fast etch reaction is initiated,1 resulting in an etched profile that corresponds directly to the induced melt. Translating the sample by high-resolution DC motor stages with a bidirectional repeatability of 25 nm, continuous, well-defined trenches are etched into the substrate with an extremely high writing speed of up to 100 mm/s. The trench width is completely determined by the melt size. By decreasing the laser power to the minimum required for melting, we have reached trench widths of less than 150 nm.
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Luong, J. C., N. F. Borrelli, and P. A. Sachenik. "Laser patterning of optical waveguide structures via selective leaching of phase-separable glass." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.wh4.

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Patterning of refractive-index structures in glass by direct laser irradiation or masked ion exchange has been of considerable interest over the years.1–3 We describe a technique of forming step-index waveguide structures in glass based on a laser-induced selective leaching process on phase-separable glass. Code 7720, a soda lead borosilicate glass, is first phase separated by an appropriate heat treatment. It is then exposed to a scanning focused beam of a CO2 laser to produce a rapid thermal annealing effect which erases the phase separation. The irradiated area becomes impervious to subsequent acid leaching normally used to remove the borate-rich phase of phase-separated Code 7720 glass. This process produces an index-guiding clear-glass region surrounded by a low-index porous glass region. Multimode waveguide structures with a guide width in the 100–200-μm range and N.A. ~0.15 are readily produced using this CO2 laser-induced selective leaching technique. This technique has been used to produce 3-dB cross-splitters. Since the guiding region is directly controlled by the thermal profile of the writing beam, a narrower guide width is feasible when a metal mask is used to confine further the area to be irradiated.
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Pricope, Mihaela, Simona Mazilu, and Fabiola Popa. "TEACHING PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEWS WITH ONLINE RESOURCES – A KEY PATH TO SUCCESS." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-128.

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Teaching foreign languages with online resources is a great source of creativity and innovation. For this, the Internet use in teaching has become a motivating factor among students. Teaching language competences - listening, reading, writing and speaking - is enriched with the help of online resources used as valuable input for language lessons. The use of internet resources to teach English for professional communication offers students the possibility to become exposed to realia, that is, to valuable real situations and contexts of interaction. It is one thing to teach students tips about effective interviews, which can be passive and boring to a certain point, and another thing to show them good and bad examples of these. In this way, students become motivated and involved in a dynamic process of thoughtful decisions and understanding. This article shows the importance of teaching English for professional communication with online resources as a motivating factor which promotes understanding and learning by discovery. In the main body of this article we are providing a lesson scenario based on internet resources and the motivation for our choices. The lesson covers various aspects of the job interview context intended to make students aware of their own performance in a similar situation. As regards the content of a job interview, students will experience typical questions and answers comparing their theoretical knowledge of how an interview should be with real life performances that are very often far from the ideal. In this way, students can evaluate the interviewees and learn from their good and bad "moves". As far as the framework of a job interview is concerned, students are also exposed to non verbal communication, rules of behavior, register, dress code, aspects which are highly influential in determining the outcome of a job interview. Therefore, such an e-lesson may be considered an extremely useful and pleasant experience that prepares students for the complexity of a real life job interview situation.
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Impollonia, N., G. Ricciardi, and F. Saitta. "Dynamics of Shallow Cables With General Initial Shape Due to Mean-Flow Loads." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12131.

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In the classic cable theory, vibration of cables is usually analysed by writing the equations of motion in the nearness of the initial equilibrium configuration. Thus, a fundamental difference exists between out-of-plane motion, which substantially corresponds to the linear behaviour of a taut string, and in-plane motion, where self weight determines a sagged initial profile. This work defines a continuous approach in order to establish the initial shape when the cable is subjected to wind or fluid flow arbitrarily directed and a finite element approach in order to investigate the dynamic around the initial equilibrium shape of the cable. In particular, the equations of motion for a three dimensional case are written fully accounting for initial shape. This means that in the additional deformation also in the out-of-plane and along cable directions there is a term linked with the initial position. Stochastic solutions in the frequency domain are derived for a wind-exposed cable after linearization of the problem and by applying the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Technique (POD) with the aim of reducing computational effort. Differences are shown with respect to the case in which out-of-plane initial displacement is neglected. In addition, a POD based approach to simulate modal wind forces is proposed and applied to the fully nonlinear equations of motion.
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Reports on the topic "Exposed writing"

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Keogh, Brendan, Dan Golding, and Taylor Hardwick. Australian Music and Games 2023 Benchmark. Queensland University of Technology and Swinburne University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.243139.

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Digital games are a global cultural force, of which music is a foundational aspect. Music is crucial for digital games to develop atmosphere, convey narratives, and frame player interactions. At the same time, digital games provide musicians exciting new opportunities to experiment with dynamic, adaptive, and non-linear music structures. However, writing, producing, licensing, and implementing music for digital games also poses new challenges to existing screen music practices and business models. This benchmark is the first ever investigation into the scope and scale of Australia’s game music sector. It reveals a great diversity of working arrangements, career pathways, and skill sets among game music workers. It exposes entrenched and emerging challenges facing the field that require a rethinking of conventional approaches, and identifies new opportunities for Australian game music to flourish and grow.
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