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1
Alam, Shaista. "The trade integration and Pakistan’s export performance." International Journal of Development Issues 17, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 326–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-04-2018-0058.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of trade integration on Pakistan’s export performance (value of exports, number of exporters and number of products per exporter) during 2003 to 2010. Design/methodology/approach Data from the World Bank Exporters Dynamics Database are analysed using fixed effect panel data techniques. Findings The results suggest that trade integration with South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), China and Iran play remarkable role in improving export value by 73, 29 and 55 per cent, respectively. It is found that on average more than 140 and 339 exporters increase after integration with SAFTA and China, respectively, and during the study period, 1,605 and 606 exporters entered into SAFTA and Chinese market, respectively. Moreover, 182 and 146 additional exporters entered in Malaysian and Iranian export market after integration, which is 19 and 98 per cent, respectively, of initial year’s number of exporters. In addition, Malaysia and Mauritius show positive and considerable effect on diversification of product variety. Originality/value This is an original empirical research. The contributions of the paper are many fold: this paper is first to analyse the effect of Pakistan’s trade integration established during 2000s decade; pioneer contribution of this study is to use the number of exporters and number of products, as well as the value of exports to measure the export performance of Pakistan; and this study uses positive and negative discrepancies in export value data, number of HS6 products exported as a proxy of product diversification, share of industrial exports in total exports and share of textile exports in industrial exports.
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Lemmers, Oscar, and Khee Fung Wong. "Distinguishing Between Imports for Domestic Use and for Re-Exports: A Novel Method Illustrated for the Netherlands." National Institute Economic Review 249 (August 2019): R59—R67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011924900115.
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Global trade in the 21st century is characterised by complex value chains. Successful exporters usually rely on quality imports, and exported goods cross borders many times before reaching their final consumer. This poses challenges to economic measurement as well as policymaking because it becomes difficult to characterise the true interdependencies between countries. Currently, estimates of the share of imports from a trade partner destined for re-exports, and the share used in the domestic economy, are crude at best. We develop a novel approach to estimate these shares. Instead of assigning imports for re-exports proportionally across all source countries, we consider the origin of imports for each trader who re-exports goods. The method is illustrated for the Netherlands, a major re-exporter. We find that non-European member states export 10 billion euros of commodities to the Netherlands that are destined for re-export to the United Kingdom. We also find that the goods trade deficit between the Netherlands and the United States is drastically reduced when taking re-export flows into account.
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Trisanti Saragih, Maria, Harianto Harianto, and Heny Kuswanti. "Pengaruh Penerapan Bea Keluar Biji Kakao Terhadap Daya Saing Serta Ekspor Produk Kakao Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama." Forum Agribisnis 11, no. 2 (September 23, 2021): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.11.2.133-152.
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The development of Indonesia's cocoa beans before the export duty policy shows that almost 90 per cent of cocoa beans exports were exported from total production, therefore makes Indonesia as known as one of the biggest cocoa beans exporters in the world. Cocoa exports to destination countries cause the domestic stock of raw materials for cocoa beans Domestic stock has decreased. Afterwards, the Indonesian government implemented a cocoa bean export duty policy. This research aimed to analyze the effect of export duties policy for the competitiveness and exports of Indonesian cocoa products to export destination countries. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method is used to measure competitiveness, while Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) is used to analyze the long-term effect of export duties on cocoa beans on competitiveness and exports of cocoa products. Based on the analysis result, all cocoa products have competitiveness, Indonesian cocoa butter has the highest competitiveness in export destination countries. Export duties policy has a long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa paste and powder, but have no long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa butter. Therefore, the overall increase in competitiveness and export of cocoa products is due to the implementation of the cocoa bean export duty policy.
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Faiza, Laila Niswatul, Adhitya Wardhono, and Lilis Yuliati. "The PRESCRIPTIVE ON THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND EXPORTS IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekuilibrium 8, no. 1 (June 12, 2024): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jek.v8i1.46421.
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Export activities contribute to economic development so it is necessary to make various efforts to increase exports in a country. Exports are influenced by factors that become a country's comparative advantage in conducting international trade. The superior factor discussed in this journal is the development of the financial sector. An advanced financial sector can reduce industrial exporters' barriers to exporting, especially barriers to funding and shipping. This research aims to look at the impact of financial development on exports in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive analysis methods. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the increase in financial development is not accompanied by an increase in exports in Indonesia which is due to a lack of channeling funds to the exporter sector and there are obstacles to carrying out export activities.
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Abukari, Alhassan, and Tan Cunfeng. "The Export Competitiveness of Ghana’s Cocoa Industry in West Africa." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n3p80.
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Ghana in the year 1911 became the world’s largest exporter of cocoa. However, cocoa export in Ghana nearly came to standstill in the 1970s as a result of the outbreak of swollen shoot disease of cocoa. Ghana since then has not been able to rejuvenate its cocoa export as expected. The years 1999 to 2018 have witnessed a downward trend in the export of cocoa in Ghana. This raises questions of whether the phrase “Ghana is cocoa, and cocoa is Ghana” is still valid. The study attempts to analyze the competitiveness of Ghana’s cocoa sector vis-à-vis its neighbors. In doing so, the authors calculate the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) for Ghana to compare with other West African exporters of cocoa and assess the determinants of Ghana’s cocoa exports. The authors adopt a regression framework to explore the determinants of cocoa exports. The results revealed that Ghana is highly competitive in the export of cocoa beans. The study attributed this advantage to the quality of the cocoa beans Ghana exports. The results further showed that Ghana’s cocoa production volumes and the World consumer price of cocoa beans were the major determinants of the volume of cocoa beans exported in Ghana. The study concluded that although Ghana enjoys a comparative advantage in the export of cocoa beans, Ghana’s cocoa production volumes fluctuate thus affecting the volume of cocoa exported. Ghana, therefore, needs to invest in new hybrid climate-smart cocoa cultivation to boost production and export.
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Ajibade, Abraham, and Sayed Saghaian. "U.S. Almond Exports and Retaliatory Trade Tariffs." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 6409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116409.
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The U.S. is the top producer, exporter, and consumer of tree nuts in the world. Tree nuts are a significant part of U.S. agricultural exports to the world. In 2019, the U.S. exported about USD 9.1 billion worth of tree nuts, just behind soybean exports at USD 18.7 billion. Tree nuts, such as almonds and pistachios, are mostly produced in the state of California. California produces 100% of U.S. commercial almonds. Globally, almonds are the leading U.S. tree nut export in both value and volume. Almonds are shipped to over 90 countries annually. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the export demand function for U.S. almonds in major destination countries and evaluate the impact of the retaliatory trade tariffs policy by some of the importing countries on the U.S. almond exports. The currently available literature does not fully address these issues. We identified the top five almond export destinations, which were in Europe and Asia, namely, China/Hong Kong, Germany, India, Japan, and Spain, which account for more than 50% of U.S. almond imports. We used a double-log export demand equation that is well referenced in the literature and economic theory to identify the significant explanatory variables affecting the U.S. almonds export demand function. We also tried to estimate the impact of retaliatory tariffs on almond exports imposed by the major importing countries. Our results showed that U.S. almond and pistachio prices, real exchange rates, and gross domestic products of importing countries were significant factors that affected U.S. almond exports. The results showed that the imposed retaliatory tariffs had no negative effect on U.S. almond exports. This could have been because the study ended in 2019 and did not involve enough data to fully evaluate the impact of the retaliatory trade tariffs policy. U.S. almond exports have market concentration and strong market power in international markets. The efforts toward more sustainable production of almonds to solidify an already established market share in the world almond markets and against substitutes, such as pistachios, seem to be a sound strategy and focus of the U.S. almond agribusinesses and exporters.
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Ushachev, I. G., V. V. Maslova, and A. V. Kolesnikov. "Increasing the Volume of Agro-Industrial Production to Ensure Food Security and Increase the Export Potential of the Russian Agricultural Sector." Economy of Region 18, no. 4 (2022): 1178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-15.
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Currently, the Russian agricultural sector aims to simultaneously achieve two priority goals: to ensure import substitution (or the country’s food security, taking into account rational consumption standards) and to increase exports of agricultural products and food. In this regard, the present study develops proposals for improving agricultural policy and linking these two tasks. The study analysed existing normative legal documents in the field of agricultural policy management and agricultural exports development, relevant foreign experience, as well as Russian and international statistics. It was revealed that an increase in agricultural food production and in the mass of commodities led to export growth. As a result, the negative balance of foreign trade in food decreased, and Russia became a net exporter in 2020-2021. The structure of agri-food exports was examined in order to identify the export potential. Approximately 1/3 of exported goods belong to the group of low-processed products, while only 15 % are highly processed products, which are characterised by a significant negative balance. Competitiveness of products, which plays the most important role in increasing exports, requires the development and implementation of domestic advanced scientific and technological solutions. According to the competitiveness assessment, Russia is a competitive supplier of a wide range of agri-food products, since the prices offered by Russian farmers and exporters are lower or comparable to the prices of major global exporters. Since export growth depends on an increase in agricultural food production, production growth opportunities were considered. The analysis of the consumer purchasing power and food consumption demonstrated their significant differentiation, both by decile groups and by place of residence. The presented findings can be used to improve agricultural policy and adjust state support for the agricultural industry aimed at its effective development.
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Maheswari, Uma, and Dr Palanivelu V.R. "A Study on Difficulties Faced by Entrepreneurs While Exporting Products with Reference to Erode District." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 11, no. 05 (May 30, 2024): 664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2024.v1105.35.
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Difficulties faced while exporting are challenging and can delay the exporting process a lot, because of which the importer can easily switch to another exporter, even though having experience of exporting of more than 5year with frequency of regular export, major difficulties faced by exporters are complex Export procedure as the export procedure includes some of the complex paper-work sometime the quality also played major role in export as the standard set by the importing country does not match exported goods quality. Language was also one of the barriers for communication which leads to misleading of information’s. Letter of credit and documents against payment was most trusted method of payment of majority of the respondents, for the respondents who exports raw material are not more affected with cultural difference whereas exporters with finished goods are affected with cultural difference.
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Man Kim, Sang. "Case Study on Fraud in Export Credit Insurance for Export Financing Against Account Receivables." Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 6 (June 1, 2019): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019031.
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The Korean government introduced Export Credit Guarantee (‘ECG’) and Export Credit Insurance (‘ECI’) programs to support national exports. A typical ECG and ECI not only covers the risks of non-payment by importers, but also enables export financing for an exporter. Although, these programs provide various benefits, they can however be misused by fraudulent exporters. Such fraud not only contravenes the intended purpose of the programs, but also harms honest exporters by increasing insurance premiums.
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Wardah, Siti. "Implementasi Metode Fuzzy Time Series Untuk Meramalkan Jumlah Ekspor Produk Kopi Dari Indonesia." Industrika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri 7, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/indstrk.v7i2.1022.
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The current trade era opens up opportunities for trading Indonesian coffee in the international market. The number of future exports can be predicted by knowing past export prices. The method that can be used to predict the number of Indonesian coffee exports to various countries is the Fuzzy Time Series method. The Fuzzy Time Series method, the forecasting technique, utilizes fuzzy sets as the basis for the prediction process. In this study, the forecasting stages include defining Xmax and Xmin, determining how many and how long class intervals are, defuzzification and defining fuzzy sets, fuzzifying data on the number of coffee exports, determining fuzzy logic relationships (FLR), establishing fuzzy logical groups (FLRG) relationships, defuzzification, and perform forecasting calculations. Using the Fuzzy Time Series Method, the results of forecasting Indonesia's coffee exports for the following year are 376371.3 tons of coffee products to be exported so that exporters can see this opportunity Keywords: Coffee, export, forecasting, fuzzy time series
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Pasadilla, Gloria, and Christine Marie Liao. "Non-Tariff Measures Faced by Philippine Agricultural Exports in East Asia." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 3, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2006): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2006.3.1-2.7.
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Many consider non-tariff measures (NTMs) as another protectionist stratagem to prevent exports, especially of agriculture, from developing countries. Philippine exporters seem to be taking things in stride, however. The estimated cost of less than 3% of sales borne by a Philippine food exporter due to compliance with certification requirements is less than three percent of sales—relatively insignificant. However, the increased cost from NTMs can adversely affect small-scale industries and exporters that sell products to low-margin foreign markets. The paper also traces the Philippine export products affected by non-tariff measures imposed by East Asian markets. In all, the NTMs of Japan, Korea, and China affect a total of US million of Philippine agriculture exports to these markets, or 2% to 22% of Philippine agricultural exports in these three countries.
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Fenghe, Zhang, Viktoriia Medvid, and Lu Xu. "Marketing potential of the Sino-Russian bilateral agricultural export market." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.15.
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China and Russia are important agricultural countries in the world. Expanding exports and increasing sales of agricultural products play an important role in the economic development of both countries. To understand the current situation of agricultural exports of the two countries and formulate strategies to expand the marketing of agricultural products, this paper uses the UN Comtrade Database 2009-2018 on Chinese and Russian bilateral agricultural export sales and other trade data to calculate the (expansion margin) and (price margin) of agricultural exports, (quantity margin), to analyze the types, prices, and quantities of exported agricultural products. The results show that China exports to Russia mainly labor-intensive types of agricultural products such as processed agricultural and horticultural products, accounting for 87.46% of total agricultural exports on average. The increase in exports is mainly due to the continuous increase in the prices of exported agricultural products. Russia exports to China mainly land-intensive types of agricultural products such as animal products, grains, oilseeds and fat products, which accounted for an average of 79.07% of total agricultural exports. The increase in exports was mainly due to the continuous increase in types and quantities of agricultural products to develop the export potential of agricultural products and expand sales. In addition, China should expand the types and quantities of agricultural products exported, and Russia should increase the added value of agricultural products and raise the export prices of agricultural products.
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Alnafissa, Mohamad, Mahmoud Alderiny, Yosef Alamri, and Jawad Alhashim. "The Future of Saudi Arabia’s Date Exports Using a Cointegration Model." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 11, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.111.113.119.
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Dates represent an important export crop for Saudi Arabia that attracts foreign exchange. There is an opportunity for Saudi Arabia to extend its date exports to the international market due to production exceeding consumption and comparative advantage in date production. This paper explores the future export market for Saudi dates by analyzing the factors that affect Saudi date exports and highlighting this crop’s comparative advantage. Also, the paper uses autoregressive and distributed lag methodology with data from 1980 to 2017 to predict the future for exported dates between 2020 and 2025. The relationship between the export of dates and other exogenous variables shows there are significant effects from domestic production, domestic consumption of dates, and the price of exported dates in both the long and short term. In contrast, the comparative advantage of Saudi dates shows a significant effect only in the short term, because there has been no active program to promote Saudi dates in global markets. The explanatory variables predict that 2019 Saudi date exports will increase by 3.8-fold in 2025, with the total export amount over 700 thousand tons. Thus, there is an opportunity to develop more programs that target the international market in support of date farms and exporters, and to support market research directed at satisfying the international market.
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Voitseshyn, Vasyl, and Oleg Shevchuk. "WAYS FOR IMPROVING OF FISCAL-ACCOUNTING REGULATION TO THE CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE WORLD TRENDS." ScienceRise, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.001672.
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The object of research: the procedural order of fiscal and accounting regulation of revenues from export agricultural products (export receipts, the export duty).
Investigated problem: obtaining stable and repetitive connection between the accounting part, the fiscal part of the regulation and exports of agricultural goods with possibility of improvement.
The main scientific results: it is revealed that the first stage of fiscal-accounting regulation of exported agricultural products is transactions’ accounting on accounts. It should be noted that, after the abolition of the mandatory sale in Ukraine, there is no need to apply the distributive account in export of agricultural products. It will help to reduce the time of enrollment the currency and its using by exporters for their needs. It is determined too, that the second stage of the regulation is the export receipts and revenues from the export duty. Moreover, using economic (mathematical) modeling, based on correlation-regression analysis, it is illustrated positive effects for reducing of export duty rates on revenues from export agricultural products in Ukraine.
The area of practical use of the research results: Government of Ukraine in formation of export strategy, and exporters – in the context of accounting.
Innovative technological product: the regulation technology of the cyclical accounting and fiscal parts in agricultural exports with using modeling econometric analysis for determination of direction of its development.
Scope of the innovative technological product: Ukraine’s Government practice in using mathematic modeling for determination of trends of agricultural exports.
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Mitrofanova, Inna, Ekaterina Shkarupa, and Vera Batova. "Export of Agricultural Products: Trends and Directions of State Support in Modern Conditions." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2021.2.13.
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Despite the high potential of agricultural production and the fact that Russia is among the world leaders in the production of some agricultural products, today Russia often tops the rankings of the world’s leading importers rather than exporters. While earlier the main task was to meet domestic demand, now it is generally possible to speak about the solution of the food security problem in Russia. One of the key areas of the long-term strategy for the development of agro-industrial complex is the creation of conditions for the development of exports and the expansion of the structure of exported goods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current level and trends in the development of agricultural exports, as well as to analyze key methods and priority directions of its state support. As a result of the analysis of the current level and trends in the development of agricultural exports, the main export products and main buyers were identified, the growth of agricultural exports was shown, the geography of agricultural exports was specified, measures of state support were identified. The main problems impeding the expansion of export potential of domestic agricultural production in modern conditions are as follows: poor competitiveness of exported agricultural products, insufficient level of knowledge and experience of agricultural producers to carry out export activities, shortcomings in the registration and certification of products, strict phytosanitary supervision, insufficient financing for the development of export potential. Having studied trends in the development of exports of agricultural products of the Russian Federation, its potential and opportunities for expansion were proved. For this purpose, the federal project “Export of agricultural products” was adopted and implemented. The following areas of state support for agricultural exports are defined as efficient ones: concessional lending, compensation of costs for transportation of products, compensation of costs for certification of products, support of oil crops production. It should be taken into account that the support is provided by means of financial and non-financial instruments, the list of which is constantly updated in accordance with the requests of service recipients.
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Huang, Yue, Yalin Lei, and Sanmang Wu. "Virtual water embodied in the export from various provinces of China using multi-regional input–output analysis." Water Policy 19, no. 2 (September 23, 2016): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.002.
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China is a large exporter and consumer of water embodied in export products. In addition, there is much trade among regions within China, and exports from various provinces consume not only local water but national non-local water. However, former calculations of the water consumption embodied in the exports of various provinces do not reflect the sources of the water consumption. Previous studies on virtual water in China's exports have focused on national aggregate analyses and have paid little attention to the inter-regional water consumption transfer driven by exports. We used a multi-regional input–output model of thirty provinces to examine the virtual water export. The results show that the total virtual water in China's exports was 106.3 billion m3, and 77.0% of the embodiment was from exports from the eastern provinces, where over 90% of China's exports occur. However, the virtual water driven by per unit of export in the eastern regions is far less than that in the central and western regions. Moreover, the central and western provinces, whose exports are small, indirectly export much virtual water by supporting eastern China's exports via inter-regional economic linkages. The results yield important implications for China's export and virtual water export control policy.
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Kireenko, A. P., and S. K. Sodnomova. "Efficiency of regional export support measures and their influence on investments." Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2024): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2024-2-258-267.
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Regions are active participants of foreign economic activity, with their contribution to the total export being significant. Therefore, data analysis of the volume and structure of exports and investments is important for determining the efficiency of support measures and for elaborating a further development strategy. A review of scientific sources demonstrates the role of investment and government support in stimulating exports. This article examines the efficiency of regional export support measures and their correlation with investments. Statistical data on exports, investments, and government support measures from 2012 to 2022 is compared. The research demonstrates the performance of the Irkutsk Region Export Support Center in the following spheres: in supporting exporters in concluding export contracts, in stimulating export activities of small and medium-sized enterprises, in engaging new exporters in foreign economic activities, as well as in promoting export diversification. Data on the increase in the share of nonresource, non-energy goods in the structure of the region exports confirms the efficiency of the undertaken supporting measures. The performance of the Export Support Center indicates its increasing popularity and efficiency. Moreover, the increasing number of exporters and the volume of export contracts demonstrates the positive impact of supporting measures on the export sector development and regional economy competitiveness. After considering the three main drivers of economic performance, i.e., consumer demand, exports, and investment, it can be concluded that the regional authorities use levers of influence over the latter two factors.
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OSTASHKO, Tamara. "GRAIN EXPORT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR." Economy of Ukraine 2023, no. 8 (August 28, 2023): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.08.028.
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Ways and problems of grain export of Ukraine in the conditions of the war are studied. The main ways to restore grain exports are the Ukraine-EU "solidarity lanes" and the Black Sea Grain Initiative. However, these measures only partially solved the problem of grain exports from Ukraine in 2022 — at the beginning of 2023. In 2022, the Ukrainian grain exports decreased by 32.6% compared to the previous year's volume of exports. The full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine caused a sharp increase in world prices for wheat, and the initiation of "solidarity lanes" and the maritime grain corridor contributed to their significant decrease, particularly for grain. However, domestic grain producers and exporters were unable to take advantage of the rise in world grain prices in 2022 due to increased transport costs for transportation to ports, growth in intermediate sellers' margins taking into account wartime risks, increased ship freight costs, etc. Corresponding losses in the price of grain when exported from Ukraine are transferred along the grain price chain mainly to its lower link — the grain producer. The producer's share (on EXW terms) in the export price of 2nd class wheat decreased from 80% at the beginning of the maritime grain corridor activity to 67% when exported through the maritime grain corridor in February 2023. Serious risks for the post-war recovery of Ukrainian grain exports are the relocation processes of trade flows in traditional grain export markets from the Black Sea region, primarily related to the replacement of Ukrainian grain with Russian grain. The development of Ukrainian grain exports would be boosted by the maximum distancing from the Russian Federation in the trade policy regarding the export of products within the Black Sea region at the expense of involvement in the trade flows of the Mediterranean region using the convention on the Pan-Euro-Med rules of origin.
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Arana-Nicanor, Romina Andrea, Victor Hugo Llacuachaqui-Tovar, and Wagner Enoc Vicente-Ramos. "INTERNAL FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF PERUVIAN EXPORTS OF GINGER TO THE UNITED STATES IN THE PERIOD 2006 – 2020." Acta logistica 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v8i4.247.
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This study analyzed the internal determining factors in ginger exports to the United States, being a controversial issue at the international level, due to the demand for exports of multiple products; to describe the internal factors that influence the success of ginger exports and making known the relationship with each of these, concerning the exported quantity, whether the result is favorable or not. The focus of this study is quantitative; it was based on the multiple linear regression model applied to our sample, which is the United States. Numerical data of ginger exports, export price, production volume, Investment in technology and innovation in trade, and exported value of Trademap during the period 2006 - 2020 were obtained. Through the econometric model, it was obtain that there is a direct relationship significant between the export price and the exported quantity (p < 0.05), that is; the greater the quantity of ginger exported, the lower the export price, and the higher the production volume, the greater the quantity of ginger exported (p < 0.05), the greater the investment in technology and innovation in trade, the greater the quantity exported (p < 0.05). These results provide accurate information for medium and large exporting companies of agricultural products, farmers, producers; the results show the key factors that lead to the success of Peruvian ginger exports.
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Yang, Wen, Yi-Cheng Liu, and Chao-Cheng Mai. "What Explains German Export Performances? Spatial Econometric Evidences: 1995 to 2014." International Business Research 10, no. 9 (August 1, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n9p17.
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German exports achieved outstanding performances, yet there is lack of research utilizing spatial econometric evidences. This paper explores four explanations and evaluates their empirical contributions: (i) German exports were highly correlated to its imports. Thus, its exports built upon bilateral trade flows. (ii) German exported to countries with high GDP per capita with the capability and the demand of high-quality and less price-elastic goods. (iii) It exported to countries with economic integration with other countries such as free trade agreements. (iv) Its exports broadened from Europe to other countries in America and the Asia Pacific region with increasing total export-volume growth. Thus, German exports benefited from the free trade flow to a few EU member countries, those are close geographically and culturally to Germany. The empirical evidence also points out that the changing geospatial distribution of German exports is another key factors to its export success. The spatial Durbin model was identified to be the best fit model of all after a series of tests. Decisive determinants of its exports performance were found through the estimation besides geospatial analyses of its exports by employing Moran’s I.
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Aliraqi, Ali. "Inflation’s Impact on Sudan Exports 1990-2020: An ARDL Approach." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 18, no. 6 (January 10, 2023): 707–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47556/j.wjemsd.18.6.2022.2.
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Purpose: This study investigates the inflation-export nexus in Sudan over the period 1990- 2020. Design/methodology: The study is based on quantitative and qualitative methods, estimating the export function and measuring the impact of its determinants over a prolonged period of time; the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology was used to analyse the co-integration. Findings: Findings have undoubtedly shown inflation’s negative impact on exports over the period 1990-2020. Broadly speaking, the long-term results indicated that the most important variable affecting exports is the gross domestic product (GDP), followed by inflation. Interestingly, the results indicated that the exchange rate was not significant, neither in the short nor in the long term. Implications: The study recommends inflation's control policy as a perquisite for an export development strategy; this overcomes barriers and paves the road for shifting Sudan's economy to productive agendas. Therefore, targeting inflation will contribute to export diversification and strengthening the product's value chain. The research findings reconsider the weight of export’s determinants and will reposition focusing to inflation control rather than exchange rate policy. Originality/value: The paper introduces a new approach in modelling the inflation-export nexus: (1) elaborate on export's determinants and their weights; and (2) recommending guidelines to adapt inflation policy with export development strategy.
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Siddiqui, Areej Aftab, and Parul Singh. "Identifying export markets for Indian medical devices." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 14, no. 4 (September 21, 2020): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-09-2019-0059.
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Purpose Medical device industry in India is a niche sector with few key players but it possesses huge potential for both domestic and international trade. In recent years, a number of regulatory relaxations have been provided to medical device manufacturers in India to enhance production and further trade especially exports. Though the industry is highly dependent on imports, the purpose of this paper is to identify key medical devices using the revealed comparative advantage, which can be exported from India by identifying new markets. Design/methodology/approach For the selected medical devices, India’s exports to the world and the newly identified markets are forecasted using the autoregressive integrated moving average model of regression. Findings It is seen that three major medical devices emerge to be the ones where India has the capacity and potential to manufacture and export. These medical devices are electro-cardiographs, magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and oscilloscopes and oscillographs being exported to the USA, Australia; China and the USA, respectively, which is rising in recent years. Research limitations/implications As the forecasted values indicate that there is an increasing potential in exports from India to the world of the selected medical devices, there is an urgent need to develop this industry and enhance exports from India. Very few studies have been carried out to examine and forecast exports from specific sectors or industries which is the need of the hour now. Originality/value The paper also provides suggestions to exporters and policymakers on leveraging the future export potential of selected medical devices.
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Requena Silvente, Francisco, Juan De Lucio, Raúl Mínguez, and Asier Minondo. "The importance of the top exporter in regional exports." Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research 57 (November 2, 2023): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.23.021.
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We use Spanish firm-level data over the period 1998-2018 to examine the importance of the top exporter in terms of NUTS III (provincial) exports. We find that: (1) the top exporter in each province represents about one fifth of total exports per year; (2) firms contribute to export growth whilst on their way towards the top position but once the latter is reached their growth contribution becomes marginal; and (3), shocks to the top exporter of a province explain the fluctuations in aggregate exports growth.
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Chow, Larry Chuen-ho. "The Changing Role of Oil in Chinese Exports, 1974–89." China Quarterly 131 (September 1992): 750–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100004635x.
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Although not commonly recognized as such, China is a sizeable oil exporter in the world. In 1985, for example, it exported 36.24 million tonnes of crude oil and oil products, accounting for 2.41 per cent of total oil exports in the world. Oil also satisfied 17 per cent of total domestic energy needs and generated 25.9 per cent of all export earnings of the country in 1985.
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Kryvenko, Nadiia. "Foreign trade in poultry meat of Ukraine in the context of integration processes." Ekonomika APK 29, no. 6 (December 13, 2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202206057.
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Foreign trade is of particular importance for the economic development of agri-food products and for food security. The increase in the export of poultry meat is noticeable. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the prospects of Ukraine’s foreign trade in poultry meat, taking into account production, the situation on the world market, and participation in integration processes. Economic-mathematical, graphic, analysis, etc. methods were used for this purpose. The main suppliers (most of whom are members of the most developed integration groups) and importers have been identified, the share of the latter in the world market is smaller than the former. The trade balance for the main suppliers is mostly positive, but there is an exception for the countries of the European Union, which are significant importers. Trade is developing, as can be seen from the foreign trade turnover. Production is concentrated in Asia, North America, and Europe. The growth of Ukraine’s exports and its entry into the top ten exporters is noticeable. Exports had a positive effect on the increase in production. The largest importers are the countries of Asia and Europe, and African countries are among the buyers. In 2021, meat was exported to about 100 countries, but this is less than its main exporters. Among the groupings and countries with which regional trade agreements have been concluded, the most exported in recent years were to the European Union, Turkey, and Azerbaijan, which indicates competitiveness in these markets. The export market concentration index indicates the diversification of the geographical structure of exports. In the conditions of growing demand for poultry meat, taking into account the quality advantages and consumption by the majority of the population, except for vegetarians, it is worth increasing production and export. This should be facilitated by improving quality, diversifying the geographical structure of exports, taking into account the characteristics of consumers in countries, the production of kosher and halal products, the demand for which is growing, and the growth of the population of countries where it is consumed, especially kosher products. Taking into account the export potential of Ukraine and existing trends, there are prospects for increasing exports. Of practical importance is the determination of export expansion directions, taking into account the characteristics of markets and main competitors, etc.
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Suman, Jitendra, and Prem Singh Shekhawat. "Growth, instability and comparative advantage in export of groundnut from India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.1/321-324.
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Groundnut is the top exported commodity among the major oilseeds. India’s groundnut exports during 2021-22 stood at US$ 629.28 million. India’s major export destinations for groundnuts are Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Russia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Singapore, Iran, etc. An attempt was made through the present study to examine the growth, instability and comparative advantage in exports of groundnut from India. The results revealed that Groundnut exports to world registered highly significant growth rate of 16.09 % with high degree of instability of 36.11% per annum. Among the major destination highest growth were reported by Vietnam at the rate of 71.17 % followed by Thailand 55.18%, Russia 43.32%, Philippines 19.06%, Indonesia 13.51% etc. The instability in groundnut export was also shows high during the period. The study also calculated the comparative advantage among the major exporter of groundnut and revealed that India has highest comparative advantage among the major competitors. Because the value of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) was high in groundnut export by India among the major competitors. Highlights : India’s major export destinations for groundnuts are Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Russia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Singapore, Iran, etc., India has highest comparative advantage among the major competitors.
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Rachmawati, Tety, Rahayu Lestari, and Nuzul Inas Nabila. "ANALISIS DAYA SAING EKSPOR UDANG BRATASENA ADIWARNA PASCA PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA PETAMBAK DAN PERUSAHAAN." Publicio: Jurnal Ilmiah Politik, Kebijakan dan Sosial 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51747/publicio.v3i1.612.
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The termination of the employment relationship between the farmers and the company has changed the shrimp farming pattern in Bratasena Adiwarna. Prior to termination of employment, Bratasena was the largest shrimp exporter in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Bratasena shrimp exports, after the termination of employment between farmers and companies. In addition, this research also aims to see the contribution of Bratasena shrimp exports in an effort to support the increase in shrimp exports in Lampung Province following the target of Lampung as the National Shrimp Granary. Data obtained by reviewing several primary and secondary documents and in-depth interviews with several sources, namely farmers, the head of the export division of PT. Central Pertiwi Bahari, as well as the Head of the Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in Lampung Province. This study uses a quantitative approach with the calculation of RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) to find the value of Bratasena shrimp export competitiveness and market share analysis to see the contribution of Bratasena shrimp exports to the increase in fisheries exports in Lampung Province. The results of this study indicate that the export competitiveness value is quite strong for Bratasena shrimp exports and the contribution of Bratasena shrimp exports to fisheries exports in Lampung Province is also quite large. However, after termination of employment between farmers and companies, the value of export competitiveness and contribution of Bratasena shrimp has decreased.
Keywords: competitiveness, export, shrimp
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Luppold, William, Matthew Bumgardner, and Michael Jacobson. "An Analysis of U.S. Hardwood Log Exports from 1990 to 2021." Forest Products Journal 72, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-22-00035.
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Abstract In 1990, the major destinations for hardwood logs exported by the United Sates were Europe, Canada, and three East Asian markets: Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. From 1990 to 2005, the volume of hardwood logs exported to Canada increased by 402 percent. During this period, another East Asian log market developed, consisting of China, Hong Kong, and Vietnam (CHV). While increased Canadian exports were an apparent result of increased U.S. bilateral trade with Canada, the development of the CHV market was associated with increased U.S. furniture imports from that region. The volume of U.S. log exports worldwide peaked in 2005, and the value of log exports peaked in 2007. Exports to all regions declined in 2009. After 2009, exports to CHV increased and surpassed shipments to Canada in 2014. In the past decade, much of the increase in exports to CHV appears to be the result of demand within China. Recently, these exports have been affected by trade disputes and the COVID-19 pandemic. For most of the study period, the dominant log export species were white oak, red oak, maple, or cherry in terms of value. Since 2018, walnut has become the most important log export species (value basis) as a result of increased shipments to China.
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Chaudhry, Azam, and Gul Andaman. "The Need for a Coordinated Industrial Strategy to Boost Pakistani Exports: Lessons from Asia." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 19, Special Edition (September 1, 2014): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2014.v19.isp.a8.
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This paper focuses on a group of Asian countries that have successfully increased exports and found a common industrial strategy. Several key factors emerge from this study. First, countries that have managed to increase their exports focused on doing so in sectors in which they had expertise while slowly developing new export sectors at the same time. Second, high-growth Asian economies have developed their export sectors by making a significant move up the quality ladder and, in particular, moving away from low value-added to higher value-added exports. Third, there is no single economic policy that has worked across Asia; rather, successful exporters have used two or three policies in tandem to boost exports. Fourth, industrial policy has been coordinated with education and training policies to develop both the entrepreneurs and the workforce needed to produce high value-added exports. Finally, the only consistent factor that has an impact on high value-added export growth is domestic credit to the private sector. These results point to the urgent need for a coherent industrial strategy to boost Pakistan’s exports (preferably before future trade agreements are signed, which could otherwise damage potential export sectors).
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Nurkhoiry, Ratnawati. "EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIA'S PALM OIL." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 25, no. 2 (March 22, 2018): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v25i2.29.
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Indonesia is the biggest palm oil exporter, however how much Indonesia's competitiveness compared to other exporting countries still need to study. This study measures competitiveness using 10 indicators of trade from the World Bank divided into 3 major groups, namely; export share, market penetration and comparative advantage. Using trade data from UN Comtrade of palm oil in HS code, 2004-2016. Referring to the results of 10 indicators, Indonesia; share exports are increasing, stronger market penetration, more diversified exports, and increased comparative advantage. Malaysia as exporter, although the share of exports is declining but still has strong market penetration, diversified exports and comparative advantage.
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Nurkhoiry, Ratnawati. "EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIA'S PALM OIL." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 25, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v25i2.29.
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Indonesia is the biggest palm oil exporter, however how much Indonesia's competitiveness compared to other exporting countries still need to study. This study measures competitiveness using 10 indicators of trade from the World Bank divided into 3 major groups, namely; export share, market penetration and comparative advantage. Using trade data from UN Comtrade of palm oil in HS code, 2004-2016. Referring to the results of 10 indicators, Indonesia; share exports are increasing, stronger market penetration, more diversified exports, and increased comparative advantage. Malaysia as exporter, although the share of exports is declining but still has strong market penetration, diversified exports and comparative advantage.
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Heartsill Scalley, T., F. N. Scatena, S. Moya, and A. E. Lugo. "Long-term dynamics of organic matter and elements exported as coarse particulates from two Caribbean montane watersheds." Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 2 (February 13, 2012): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467411000733.
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Abstract:In heterotrophic streams the retention and export of coarse particulate organic matter and associated elements are fundamental biogeochemical processes that influence water quality, food webs and the structural complexity of forested headwater streams. Nevertheless, few studies have documented the quantity and quality of exported organic matter over multiple years and under a range of conditions that includes both droughts and hurricanes. This study quantifies the export of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM, > 12.7 mm), over 18 y in two headwater streams in north-east Puerto Rico. Daily exports ranged from 0 to over 170 g ha−1 d−1 and averaged 7.39 g ha−1 d−1, with similar amounts coming from leaves (3.5 g ha−1 d−1) and wood (3.2 g ha−1 d−1). Export of coarse particulate organic carbon was 3.0 g ha−1 d−1 which constitutes only 1.32% of carbon exports. Most litter falling into the streams was processed in place as only 2.3% of the leaf litter falling directly into these perennial channels was exported as CPOM. On average, 6 wk y−1 had no exports while events transporting more than 10 g ha−1 d−1 occurred every 2.8 mo. Instead of a single annual pulse as observed in deciduous systems, there were annual peaks in CPOM exports during May and September and less export during the drier period from December to February. Ratios of C:N in the exported material were highest in the driest month and lowest during rainy months, while leaf fluxes for nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were highest in rainy months and lowest during February. Although median daily exports and exports during low- and base-flow periods were similar before and after Hugo, after 16 y exports during moderate- and high-flow periods were still less than those in the 2 y prior to the hurricane. Our observations indicate a system with high rates of internal processing that quickly returns to median daily conditions following hurricanes but requires several decades for storm-flow exports to return to pre-disturbance conditions and indicates that the long-term pattern of CPOM export is associated with the level of maturity of watershed vegetation.
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Chew, Soon-Beng, Jia Hong Chen, Ming Chou Hung, and Teresa Wan Ying Lek. "Factors Affecting Export Competitiveness of Singapore’s Manufacturing Sector: A Regression Analysis." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 21, no. 02 (May 27, 2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091518500091.
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This paper examines the export competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in Singapore. More specifically, we examine how the existence of import content of exports, productivity gains, and profit margins affect the competitiveness of Singapore’s manufacturing exports. Using proxies such as price of exports, price of imports, unit business costs, and net operating surplus over manufacturing output, we analyze our results empirically and seek to show the significance of these variables in affecting the export competitiveness in the unique case of Singapore. As price of exports and price of imports are both expressed in Singapore dollars (SGD) and this captures the exchange rate, we can assess the impact of a stronger SGD on the export competitiveness of Singapore’s manufacturing sector. Traditional economic notions according to Mundell–Fleming model have predominantly assumed that the appreciation of local currency would stimulate imports and harm exports, vice versa. However, in the case of Singapore where there is a high import content in exports, our paper reveals that exports are not adversely affected by an appreciation of SGD. This is attributed to the direct causal relationship between import prices and export prices that helps to minimize the effects of a higher cost of export production brought about by appreciation, with lower import costs. Furthermore, the impacts of productivity growth and profit margins on export competitiveness are very small, supporting the notion that Singapore exporters are price-takers.
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Yi, Ji-Soo. "Trade Facilitation for E-Commerce Export Clearance." Journal of Korea Trade 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2023.27.3.197.
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Purpose – There is a paucity of literature dealing with exporters’ compliance issues in e-commerce exports. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring customs initiatives to facilitate the e-commerce exports of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the changed compliance environment. The central question of this study was divided into five subquestions: first regarding the pros and cons of trade facilitation measures for Korean e-commerce export clearance; second and third questions about risk and compliance management for facilitation fourth about instruments, the changes in Korean SME compliance burden in e-commerce exports, and ways to improve trade facilitation for e-commerce exports. Design/methodology – This study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method to understand the SME experience in Korean e-commerce export compliance procedures. A qualitative method was selected to answer research questions requiring an in-depth understanding of the regulatory procedures of customs administration and exporters’ compliance burden. Because this study addresses the changing compliance environment for which statistical data is insufficient, a quantitative method is considered inappropriate. Based on the approach, data were collected using multiple sources, including an extensive literature review, interviews, and field observations. Thematic pattern matching was applied to interpret the data. Findings – This study examined ways to support SMEs in the changed e-commerce export compliance environment. Facilitation measures for e-commerce exports have contributed to SME access to global markets, simplifying export clearance procedures, and saving exporters’ compliance costs. However, such instruments are limited in promoting SME compliance capabilities to cope with intensified competition and strengthened controls over foreign exporters in cross-border e-commerce. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of reshaping facilitation measures for e-commerce exports based on risk and compliance management theories to a system encouraging exporters’ voluntary compliance. Originality/value – This study’s academic significance derives from verifying the relationship between trade facilitation instruments and risk and compliance management procedures using an actual case in Korea. It is also of practical importance in navigating the directions for improving facilitation measures for e-commerce exports in a changed compliance environment.
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Morozenkova, Olga V. "DIGITALIZATION IN RUSSIAN EXPORTS OF NON-PRIMARY NON-ENERGY GOODS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Economics. Management. Law, no. 4 (2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6304-2021-4-55-68.
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Currently, digitalization is one of the main keys to successful business development, it leads to the growth, increased profits and improved company image. The article provides examples of digital products that are used in business, including in export-oriented companies. It is shown that any exporter, even a small company, can get access to advanced technologies and expand its competitive advantages in world markets. It considers digital support tools in the “One Window” information system, with the help of which the government plans to create a comprehensive system of support for Russian exporters. The importance of developing exports via the Internet is noted, as well as a significant increase in the revenue of Russian online retail exports in 2020. There is an increase in exporters who seek to carry out their sales through electronic trading platforms.
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Butakova, Marina M., Olga N. Sokolova, and Larisa I. Churina. "EXPORT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS OF RUSSIA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-3-342-354.
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The paper considers the export problem of the agro-industrial products of Russia. The research relevance lies in the competition conditions in the world food markets. The paper aims to study the impact of the development of exports of agricultural products on the stability of the Russian economy.
Considering the strengthening of the position of agricultural products export in the structure of Russian exports, the paper aims to assess the problems and identify new opportunities for the development of agricultural products exports based on an analysis of its dynamics and structure.
The authors applied the methods of economic-statistical analysis to identify patterns in the dynamics and structure of exports of agricultural products. During the research, the dynamics and structure of agricultural exports were analyzed. The authors also calculated the average export price for the enlarged product groups. They concluded that (1) the share of agricultural exports in the structure of Russian exports is growing and (2) that there is a need to increase its efficiency through government support measures. New opportunities for the export of agricultural products in the world market arise with (1) an increase of the competitiveness of products, (2) the development of new sales markets, (3) a stable position of exporters, (4) the efficient production of agricultural products by national producers.
Currently, it is possible only if state support for export activities is combined with the initiatives of the agriculture entrepreneurs. The paper will be useful for regional and federal governments, the scientific community, and anyone interested in Russian export issues.
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Juni Karlina, Catur, Asih Sri WInarti, and Jamzani Sodik. "Analisis Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Sawit (CPO) Indonesia Ke Sepuluh Negara Tujuan Utama Tahun 2008-2020." SINOMIKA Journal: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi dan Akuntansi 1, no. 4 (November 21, 2022): 851–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/sinomika.v1i4.444.
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Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world as well as the world’s largest CPO exporter. However, Indonesia has not been able to become a peg for CPO prices and in 2020 there was a decrease in CPO export volume due to pandemic Covid-19. This study aims to: (1) analyzing the effect of Gross Domestic Product of the destination country on Indonesian palm oil (CPO) exports in 2008-2020. (2) analyzing the effect of Economic Distance on Indonesian palm oil (CPO) exports in 2008-2020. (3) Analyzing the effect of Riil Exchange Rate on Indonesian palm oil (CPO) exports in 2008-2020. (4) Analyzing the effect of palm oil export prices on Indonesian palm oil (CPO) exports in 2008-2020. This study uses secondary data related to palm oil sources from BPS, Bappepti, BI, BPDPKS, World Bank, and other related sources. The analytical tool used in this research is panel data regression analysis (pooled data) with Gravity Model. Based on the result of the analysis, it is know that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of export destination countries, Economic Distance, and Riil Exchange Rate has positive and significant effect of on CPO exports. While CPO Export Price variables have a negative dan significant effect on CPO exports.
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Li, Jianming, Lijuan Zhao, and Fan Zhang. "Development status of the used car export industry." Journal of Innovation and Development 2, no. 3 (April 12, 2023): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jid.v2i3.6923.
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Since the launch of China's used car export program in 2019, the scale of vehicle exports has increased significantly, and the level of export facilitation has continued to improve. The number of export regions and enterprises has steadily increased, and the variety of exported vehicle models has become increasingly abundant. Overseas channels have been expanded more widely, and the used car export program has achieved great success. This paper first analyzes the overall situation of China's used car exports based on data from the Ministry of Commerce, using a comparative method. Then, the characteristics of China's used car development are expounded upon, and finally, the potential for China's used car exports is analyzed. This article provides a reference and inspiration for the development of China's used car export industry.
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Otamurodov, Shavkat, Shujin Zhu, Ihtisham ul Haq, and Tenglong Zhong. "Export Margins, Price and Quantity of Belarus’s Export Growth." Review of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2017-0004.
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Abstract This paper examines the sources of Belarus’s export growth and decomposes export growth into extensive and intensive margins. This study also aims to determine export margins for intermediate and final goods and to determine the price and quantity components of the intensive export margin. In order to achieve the desired objectives, we use two methods for decomposing export growth, the count method and the export shares method. We analyse Belarus's export growth using export data at the HS-6 digit level for the 2004-2014 period. Our results show that Belarus's exports grew mainly due to growth in the price margin during the studied period 2004-2014. However, the extensive margin was important in export growth to some extent. Comparing the growth rate across final and intermediate goods reveals that although the share of final products in Belarus’s exports is not very big (18.9% in 2014), the average annual growth in exports of final products is higher than that of intermediate goods. Our investigation also shows that Belarus produces a wide range of commodities, but the share of the most of these commodities is not large; its exports depend on a restricted range of commodities. Moreover, most of the commodities are exported to Russia and Ukraine. Our results give us reason to assume that finding new markets for their new products is one of the main challenges for developing countries wishing to increase their exports by an extensive margin. This has important implications for how policy makers promote the trade and diversification of exports.
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Balqis, Putroe, and Rahmat Yanuar. "Daya Saing Ekspor Lada Indonesia di Pasar Amerika dan Eropa." Forum Agribisnis 11, no. 2 (September 24, 2021): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.11.2.182-194.
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As a major producing country, Indonesia is one of the world's largest pepper exporters where America and some European Union countries have become the destinations of its exports. The purposes of this study are to analyze the performance of Indonesian pepper and the development of its exports and to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper exports in American and European markets, especially in the period 2004-2018. This research used descriptive analysis from the trade data period 2004-2018, to analyze the performance of Indonesian pepper. From the same data set, this study used competitiveness analysis with the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and Trade Specialization Index (ISP). The results showed that the area of cropland and production of Indonesian pepper had decreased, the development of Indonesian pepper exports was also quite volatile. Based on the calculation of RCA, Indonesia has competitiveness or comparative advantage for exports to Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy and Belgium. The EPD value showed Indonesia was in a Retreat position in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. While Indonesia is in the position of Rising Star in Italy, Falling Star in France, and Lost Opportunity in America. Finally, The ISP value showed that Indonesia has strong competitiveness as an exporter of whole pepper.
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Tulasombat, Sirikul, and Somchai Ratanakomut . "The Effect of Exchange Rates on Agricultural Goods for Export: A Case of Thailand." Information Management and Business Review 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v7i1.1133.
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This paper examined the relationships between exchange rates and the volumes of Thailand’s top two majors agricultural goods export which were rice and rubber exports. The results indicated that exchange rates had negative significant effects on Thailand’s agricultural goods export volumes. Results also showed that the exchange rates influenced total agricultural, rubber, and rice goods export volumes respectively. For the qualitative research, interviewing 17 business men who came from rice exports companies 6 persons and from rubber exports companies 11 persons used the in-depth interview. The results showed the effect of exchange rate had strong fluctuation then exporters could not handle it on time, and make the problems all parts of working in companies. Moreover, the best way to do hedging exchange rate risk for exporters, Companies had to book the forward contact in order to reduce the risk.
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Dreyer, Heiko, Svetlana Fedoseeva, and Roland Herrmann. "Gravity Meets Pricing to Market: What a Combined-Method Approach Tells Us on German Beer Exports and Pricing." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 237, no. 4 (October 26, 2017): 295–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0106.
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Abstract Gravity and pricing to market (PTM) models have been used to elaborate determinants of bilateral trade and export pricing for different countries and branches. Typically, only one of the two methods was chosen. We show in a stepwise approach how a combination of both methods can reveal novel results on the determinants of exports and export pricing behaviour. For the case of German beer exports, we show that structural differences exist between markets on which exporters apply either PTM or non-PTM strategies. German beer exporters apply PTM strategies, in particular local-currency stabilization, on those markets where imports are very sensitive to exchange-rate changes. Non-PTM strategies, i. e. full exchange-rate transmission, occur on export markets with insensitive reactions. Apart from PTM strategies, German beer exports are strongly dependent on policy variables such as the introduction of the Euro and the partner country’s membership in the EU.
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Vu, Thuy Duong. "The Economic Impact of CPTPP on Vietnam’s Fisheries Exports to CPTPP Region." Journal of International Economics and Management 20, no. 2 (July 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.38203/jiem.020.2.0007.
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The study evaluates the overall situation of Vietnam’s fisheries exports and uses the Global Simulation Analysis of Industry-Level Trade Policy model (the GSIM model) to predict the impact of the CPTPP agreement on Vietnam’s fisheries exports to the CPTPP members. It is forecasted that the CPTPP has positive effects on Vietnam’s fisheries exports. One of those is that it is promising for Vietnamese producers/exporters to access Mexico, which is a large market in the southern portion of North America. In addition, Vietnam has the advantage to continue increasing export earnings to the Japanese market after the CPTPP takes effect. By sub-sector, all sub-sectors have a positive impact on consumers/importers as well as producers/exporters. In terms of export value, all sub-sectors have increased export value, especially the Crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates, prepared or preserved (HS1605) export to Japan and the fish fillets and other fish meat (whether or not minced), fresh, chilled or frozen (HS0304) has significant export rise to Mexico. Nevertheless, the reduction of import tax revenues reduces the welfare of the fisheries sector.
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Aura Alfnavisa Az-Zahra and Supriyono Supriyono. "Menjadi Eksportir Fashion Muda Indonesia Melalui Program Studi Independen Di Lacorre." Jurnal Pengabdian Bersama Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59031/jpbmi.v2i1.296.
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Global competitiveness views exports as one of the important aspects in the economic development of a country. Through the independent study program at LaCorre, it aims to create thousands of young exporters to help advance the Indonesian economy. LaCorre provides a forum for students who want to learn, develop, and export products, especially in the fashion sector that is globally competitive by leveraging digital technology. In the independent study program at LaCorre, students are required to engage in a series of learning activities, starting from the preparation of export materials, export lectures, mentoring, Export Roadshow (JJE), and practical work to writing export final works. This aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to be a successful young exporter. The practice of developing a digital-oriented export business plan is the main activity of the independent study program at LaCorre. In this practice, the author collaborated with a team to develop one of the batik products from Indonesian SMEs in order to help facilitate exports and expand the market share of batik products. Overall, the independent study program for one semester went effectively because it had achieved the learning objectives on time.
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Phiri, Joseph, Karel Malec, Socrates Kraido Majune, Seth Nana Kwame Appiah-Kubi, Zdeňka Gebeltová, Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková, Mansoor Maitah, Kamil Maitah, and Patricia Naluwooza. "Durability of Zambia’s Agricultural Exports." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010073.
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This paper establishes the determinants of the export durability of agriculture products in Zambia with specific attention to maize, sugar, cotton, and tobacco between 1996 and 2019. We find that approximately 39% of Zambia’s agricultural products were exported beyond the first year of trading and less than 10% lasted up to 6 years of trading. The mean and median duration of exporting agricultural products in Zambia was 1.7 years and 1 year, respectively. Among the products, maize had the highest export duration after the first year of trading, followed by sugar, tobacco, and cotton. Results of the discrete-time logit and probit models with random effects revealed that the duration of total agricultural products was significantly impacted by common colony, contiguity, partner’s gross domestic product (GDP), Zambia’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports. Of these factors, colonial history and Zambia’s GDP reduced export duration, while contiguity, partner’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports increased the durability of exports in Zambia. The effect of Zambia’s GDP was uniform across all individual agricultural products. Total exports also significantly impacted all other agriculture products in a similar manner except for maize. Export durability for cotton was significantly impacted by the Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), while the export durability of tobacco was significantly impacted by distance, contiguity, and partner’s GDP. To increase the duration of agriculture exports, we propose the exporting of finished agriculture products (and not just raw materials), which have a higher market value and duration probability. Farmers also need support with export subsidies, increased foreign market access (especially to economies with higher buying power), and negotiated favorable trade terms in the region and around the globe.
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Alshomaly, Ibrahim Qasem, and Walid Shawaqfeh. "The Effect of Export Diversification on the Economic Growth of West-Asian Arab Countries." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.2.429.450.
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This paper examined the relationship between the patterns of export diversification and economic growth in west Asian Arab countries during the period (2000-2017) using World Bank, UNCTAD, and Pen World data. The study used the DX Diversification Index (UNCTAD). This index measures the country's export divergence from the world's diversification patterns. The OLS and FMOLS methods were used to estimate the study model coefficients. The study found that the exports diversification structures in this group diverged clearly from the world diversification pattern since the exports of group countries driven by a high degree of primary exports concentration. Moreover, the economic growth was influenced positively by human capital, primary products export growth, and the adoption of efficient anti-corruption policies, but, it negatively influenced by trade openness and population growth. The study disclosed a long-term relationship between economic growth and the interactions of explanatory variables in the model, while in the short run the relationship was weak and insignificant. Moreover, there was a reciprocal causality relationship between economic growth and the degree of exports diversification using (DX-index). The study recommends that Arab countries should reduce the reliance on the exports of primary products, enhancing the share of industrial-based exports to achieve sustainable growth and to reduce the impacts of primary export’s prices instability on their economies.
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Larina, Tatiana N. "Analysis of the dynamics of exports of agricultural products as a key factor in changes in customs payments from non-primary non-energy exports in Russia." Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 14, no. 1 (May 16, 2023): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2023-14-1-79-89.
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According to the Federal Customs Service of Russia, in 2021, the volume of non-primary non-energy exports in value increased by 36,2 % to the level of 2020 and reached 191.4 billion US dollars. The share of exports of agro-industrial complex products in non-primary exports amounted to 19,4 %. The author analyzed the export of products of the agro-industrial complex as one of the components of the country's non-primary export potential, as well as a significant factor in increasing customs payments and revenues to the country's budget. The aim of the study is to quantify the contribution of agriculture to the dynamics of customs payments from non-primary non-energy exports of Russia. The author studied the dynamics and structure of exports of agricultural products, the rates of customs payments on exported agricultural products, and made a quantitative assessment of customs payments associated with the export of agricultural products. The information base of the study includes data from the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the Russian Export Center, the Federal Center for the Export of Agricultural Products of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, specialized Internet portals for 2019-2022. Methods of empirical research are statistical methods of analysis of dynamics and structure.
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Akenbor, A. S., and S. A. Esheya. "Strengthening Nigeria’s Weak Economy; Does Agricultural Exports Really Matter? Evidence from Cotton Seed Exports." Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 20, no. 1 (August 9, 2022): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i1.9.
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Following recent weakness in Nigeria’s economy, this paper examines how to possibly strengthen the weak economy through agricultural exports particularly cotton seed exports. The paper combines data on yearly cotton seed exports in Nigeria over 46 years (1970-2015) with data on the determinants to examine the relevant variables. Co-integration approach was used in analyzing the data to examine the presence of a co-integrating relationship between the variables in the short and long run. There are two main results from the study. First, the export of cotton seed in Nigeria within the study period was low and fluctuating apart from the 70s when it was high and stable. Second, there was Co-integration relationship between cotton seed export and macroeconomic factors during the study period in Nigeria as it indicated that producers’ price, exchange rate and output are long-run determinants of cotton seed exports. The results therefore indicate that commitments to policies and programmes that can favourdeterminants of cotton seeds exports in Nigeria are calls certainly in the right direction to strengthen its weak economy. These include the provision of export incentives such as removal of stamp duties from export trade, provision of explicit export bonuses, aligning producer price with export price as well as encouraging private sector inclusion through the provision of an enabling environment for the private sector to flourish and get involved in the strengthening of the weak economy. The paper has contributed to agricultural development policy implications connected with agricultural export programs for the government, investors, exporters and farmers in Nigeria.
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Freund, Caroline, and Martha Denisse Pierola. "The Origins and Dynamics of Export Superstars." World Bank Economic Review 34, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy011.
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Abstract Export superstars are important for export growth and diversification and are typically born large. Firm-level data on manufacturing trade from 32 developing countries show that the top five exporters account for on average nearly one-third of exports, 47 percent of export growth, and a third of the growth due to export diversification over a five-year period. Within countries and industries, export growth is positively correlated with the share of exports in the top five firms. Most of the top five exporters were already large five (or eight) years ago or are new firms; it is rare for these export superstars to emerge from the bottom half of the distribution of firm sizes. For countries where detailed data exist, superstars are producers, not traders, and are primarily foreign owned.
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Sumarwanto, Evada Rustina, Arief Dermawan, Hening Nakuloadi, Fajar Aribowo, and Alam Setiawan. "Certificate of Origin Management in Supporting the Export Process: A Qualitative Descriptive Analysis on Marine Cargo Expeditions." Ilomata International Journal of Management 5, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61194/ijjm.v5i2.1164.
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The complexity of managing export documentation and the lack of knowledge of regulations in the importing country cause non-fulfilment of requirements and cancellation of exports. This study aims to determine the stages and the mechanism for managing certificates of origin in the export process by freight forwarding or marine cargo expedition representing the exporter. The research used qualitative descriptive methods and approaches. Data was collected by observation and documentation at two marine cargo expedition companies in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Data is analyzed and presented using a flowchart diagram. The results show that these companies manage COO documents through the eSKA website, with the completeness of filling in the basic information of exporters, consignees, route and transport, and supporting documents, including export declaration, packing list, invoice, goods, and cost structure. Overall, export documents are indispensable for international trade as they ensure goods' legal compliance and smooth flow across borders. The role of the freight forwarding company or marine cargo expedition in this process is to advise the exporter on the required paperwork, ensure compliance with relevant regulations, and communicate with the appropriate authorities to obtain the certificate. The positive implications of this research are that the administration of export documentation, particularly Certificates of Origin (COO) via the eSKA platform by marine cargo expeditions, enhances time efficiency for exporters and proves efficacious in ensuring the legal compliance of COO document handling. Moreover, COOs can yield favourable effects through preferential tariffs, thereby augmenting the competitiveness of exported goods.