Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exports – Thailand'

For the past three decades, export manufacturing has played an important role in Thailand's economic success. Among the exporters, the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have increasingly taken part. As a result, export performance at both micro and macro level has become of interest to academics, exporting firms, intermediaries and Thai government policy makers. Thus, extensive studies concerning determinants of export performance are reported in literature on export marketing. However, despite the significance of resources in implementing marketing strategies and performance, the Resource-Based View (RBV) has not been explicitly and fully explored in this literature. Moreover, the vital role of intermediary resources in export performance has been also largely ignored. Hence, the applicability of RBV should be examined to investigate the effects of firm resources and export intermediary resources on export performance. Similarly, marketing control, in spite of its importance, used by manufacturing exporters in relation to their intermediaries, has not been substantially explored. The availability of firm and export intermediary resources provides flexibility for manufacturing exporters in maintaining marketing control over their intermediaries, which in turn, influences export performance. Hence, the aim of the study is to investigate the applicability of RBV and marketing control theory in determining export performance. Moreover, in the export marketing literature, there are very few studies in developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia: this study, therefore focusses on export performance of SMEs in an export-driven, developing economy, Thailand. During the course of its investigation, this study used the 'drop-in questionnaire' method of delivering and collecting the questionnaires in person with the purpose of enhancing responses from export managers. With respect to their individual export ventures, they were asked to provide answers regarding the availability of firm resources, their perception of the availability of export intermediary resources, and the use of marketing control mechanisms on export intermediaries. Preliminary data analysis used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and was followed by the development of a structural model, which was then tested with AMOS 4.0 Package. ix The results from the above analyses substantiate the empirical link between resources, firm and export intermediary resources, and strategic export performance, and also between the availability of resources and the use of marketing controls. The findings show that production and marketing capabilities (firm resources) and good relationships and cooperation with exporters (export intermediary resources) have an important direct effect on export performance. Hence, the study confirms the applicability of RBV in export literature. The results also indicate that firm's marketing capabilities, export intermediary's relationship and cooperation, and knowledge and experience, influence the use of marketing control, thereby supporting the hypotheses that the availability of firm and export intermediary resources facilitates the use of marketing control.

This thesis aims to develop the supply chain collaboration in the management of fresh Nam Dok Mai mangoes for exports to Japan. To accomplish the research aim, three main objectives are addressed; 1) to provide an overview of existing supply chain of Nam Dok Mai mangoes in Thailand and to identify strengths and weakness in the supply chain; 2) to analyse supply chain collaboration between growers and exporters in the production of mangoes for export to Japan; and 3) to provide recommendations to the government and related agencies on sufficient supply chain management for fresh mango exports. Following a theoretical review, the study employs a conceptual framework for the study of collaborative supply chain that differs from the traditional concepts used in the manufacturing industries literature. The thesis framework presents concepts of supply chain collaboration used for an agro-food industry focusing on the perishable products.

Sustainable development of export-orientated farmed seafood in Thailand is a major issue which can impact local stakeholders as well as global food security. The major species taken into consideration in this research were initially the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). After which more focus was placed on Pacific white shrimp, which is Thailand’s major cultured seafood being traded for export, and tilapia, which has potential for export but also enjoying a good domestic market demand. Actors or stakeholders directly and indirectly involved in aquaculture value chains may have their own perceptions about sustainability affecting their operations, as various factors within and outside their own systems could affect these perceptions. This could lead to different efforts in responding to these factors to make their operations sustainable. Three major areas were covered in this study, namely a) describing the strengths and weaknesses of shrimp and tilapia production in Thailand in relation to their export potential, b) evaluating the status of compliance to global aquaculture standards of shrimp and tilapia farming (covering technical and labour aspects), and c) determining perceptions of sustainability across the shrimp and tilapia value chains in Thailand, with a focus on the production sector. A mixed-methods approach was employed to obtain information in the study sites in Thailand. Basic field interviews were conducted among 206 shrimp producers in 6 provinces in the east and south, and 199 tilapia producers in 4 provinces in the west and east, in terms of farm operations and perceptions of factors which will affect the sustainability of their operations, including generational aspects on future shrimp and tilapia farming. Key informant interviews were also conducted among other value chain actors (>30) such as hatchery/nursery operators, input/service providers, processors/exporters and technical/ institutional members to determine whether there are differences in their sustainability perceptions. In addition, face to face interviews with 18 shrimp farm male and female workers were conducted (Thai and migrant workers), as well as with 14 key informants involved in shrimp farm labour issues in Thailand, specifically for well-being and working conditions. Stakeholders cited environmental (technical), economic, social and institutional (equity) aspects of their operations as factors which will affect the sustainability of their operations. Disease, product price and water quality were the three most important sustainability factors among shrimp farmers, whereas water quality, disease and extreme weather conditions were for tilapia farmers. Product price was the most cited by input service providers, hatchery operators, shrimp and tilapia producers, and processors. Both Thai and migrant shrimp farm workers perceived a better or much better-off quality of life working in shrimp farms in Thailand than in their previous occupations or status. Almost all shrimp farms meet more than what are required under the Thai labour law or the global aquaculture standards for human resources. With the importance of migrant labour in Thailand, much still needs to be done in terms of assessing the impact of their working in Thailand on their families left behind in their own countries, as well as on their communities, including status of social protection to avoid exploitation. Each stakeholder group strives to achieve sustainability so they can remain in operation in the next few years, to survive on the business individually and corporately, and to be the best provider of sustainably and ethically produced seafood for the world. The compliance to aquaculture global standards and certifications may be considered to contribute to the sustainability of operations by improving farm practices thereby reducing detrimental impacts on farm and external environments, as well as strengthening human relations with in the farm and in the community. However there are some aspects of these standards which could eliminate the small players. In this study, the large scale farms were more likely to comply with all the standards, followed by medium scale, and lastly the small scale farms. The differences in perceptions which exist among these stakeholders should be understood by every sector and efforts should be made to address them so that there is cohesiveness in giving support to achieve sustainable seafood production and trade.

Export performance has an important role for firm survival, profitability and growth. Given these benefits and the challenges that firms may face when exporting, scholars have dedicated considerable efforts to understand the factors that enable export success. The current study investigates the role of experiential foreign market knowledge and exporter-importer (EI) relationship quality for export performance. A conceptual model involving the relationship between the role of experiential foreign market knowledge, E-I relationship quality and export performance satisfaction is developed and empirically tested using data from 264 Thai exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Findings suggest SME managers' knowledge of foreign customers, culture and political environment have a positive influence on E-I relationship quality and satisfaction with export performance. Drawing upon the relational exchange theory, goodwill trust was found to be the most significant aspect that builds long-term E-I relationship quality. Secondly, the findings show that calculative approach (e.g. commitment based on cost and benefits) is a mainstream type of commitment between exporters and importers. However, a personalised tie between the exchange partners has a positive influence on commitment, resulting in the affective commitment to E-I relationship. Thirdly, in a collaborative business partnership, decision-makers emphasise information exchange and coordinating actions for taking strategic decisions, which are informed by the feedback recived in their collaboration. In addition, the study finds that political instability negatively moderates the link of competence trust and information exchange on export performance satisfaction. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications of these findings are discussed and areas for future research are proposed.

Thailand is a leading rice exporting country that exports rice for one-third of world‟s export volume. Rice from Thailand is exported to markets in every part of the world including Sweden. Thai rice products are available to be accessed by Swedish consumers in supermarket generally. The purposes of this study are to analyze the entire chain of rice starting from farm in Thailand to consumers in Sweden. Stakeholders in the chain are examined and value-added by each stakeholder is defined. Role of governance in the chain is analyzed to underline the governance relationships and interaction of actors. Moreover, roles of government institution are examined to describe its impact on the chain. Data for the analyses are collected through two activities which include a review of relevant literature and gathering from government offices of Thailand and international institutes.The results of the study reveal that there are at least twelve actors involving in the value chain of rice exported from Thailand to Sweden which include farmers, local collectors, farmer‟s organization, central market, millers, brokers, wholesalers, retailers, exporters, International rice traders and brokers, Associated Marketing Services (AMS), Swedish importers and Swedish consumers. Rice from producers is taken through numbers of path before it‟s reached to consumers. Value of rice is raised along the chain it is taken through according to the costs incurred and marketing margin of each stakeholders. Profits are shared largely to stakeholders who have high bargaining power which are millers and exporters. The governance in domestic rice market goes forth and back along the chain. Prices of rice are influenced by local supply and demand of both local and international consumption.The policy measures adopted by Thai government create affects to the rice value chain to some extent; anyhow the chain typically adjusts itself by the market mechanism of demand and supply. Swedish government applies EU legislation in the country since Sweden has become the member of the European Union in 1995. Further to EU legislation, there are non-legislative requirements developed by market itself that rice exporters must be aware.
Program: Magisterutbildning i företagsekonomi

Increasing globalisation has led to new challenges for companies III developing their marketing strategies, as they must actively engage III international markets to increase their profits, sales volume and sales growth. This empirical study developed and tested a theoretically anchored model of export marketing strategy adaptation and performance. This study conducted a postal survey with 197 participants from Thai manufacturers with significant involvement in exporting. The unit of analysis was the individual export product- market ventures. Advanced statistical techniques were utilised in order to assess the validity and reliability of measurement scales and test the hypothetical relationships between the constructs included in the research model. The role of fit was applied as a systematic approach for the design and implementation of effective marketing strategies. The study addressed an important gap in the literature by defining and conceptualising environmental factors that influence the degree of export marketing programme adaptation and its imnpact on export performance. The results indicated that the degree of environment dissimilarity between the home and export markets positively related to the extent of export marketing strategy adaptation. Two types of fit- residual analysis and ideal profile approaches- have confirmed that the proper fit between the degree of export marketing strategy adaptation and environmental factors significantly leads to superior export performance outcomes. Different export markets have different environmental issues, leading to different export performances outcomes. With this situation-specific analysis, companies should perform a separate analysis and assessment of the environment in each foreign target market in order to develop an appropriate marketing strategy with respect to each individual foreign market. In order to achieve superior performance outcomes, the extent of export marketing strategy adaptation must fit the environment in a particular situation. III.

This research paper focuses on Thailand’s textile and clothing industry since its liberalisation in 1995. The industry used to be the number one generator of export income for Thailand. As exports strongly declined in the late 1990s, the Thai government employed ‘industrial policy’ to reignite the industry in 2003 and 2007. However, the policies have had little effect on the export pattern. We argue that the way government sees the industry is inappropriate and leads to ineffective industrial policy.The research findings illustrate that industrial analysis at ‘macro’ or ‘aggregate’ level is weak and impractical. These high-level analyses do not give policy makers and government a clear understanding of the industry, structure or drivers of performance. Furthermore, we are unable to identify common factors that differentiate well-performing firms from poorly performing firms. The aggregate level data make it difficult for policy makers or government to see what key success factors to focus on in this complex and dynamic business environment. There is no obvious ‘model’ that distinguishes those firms or sectors that do well and grow, against those which do not. So rather than focus on aggregate level, government and policy makers should focus on firm-specific characteristics, strategies or business models that differentiate them from others. Government needs to understand in depth the specific industry structure of the sector and the relationship between key players. This will help it to understand its role and the measures it can use to support the private sector. This new method may consume more time and require better skills and knowledge from researchers and policy makers. The approach requires committed researchers with strong strategic and analytical skills who can divide or dissect the industry into various sub-groups, and policy makers with better mindsets. But most importantly, problematic policy is a result of a fragmented policymaking process that stems from poor economic governance.

This Master's thesis focuses on nation branding in developing countries. Nation branding is an emerging discipline that aims to build and improve a nation's image through the application of marketing techniques. The aim of the thesis is to contextualize the nation branding of developing countries within the broader framework of the theory and practice of nation branding and development studies. The thesis is structured into three chapters. The first chapter offers an introduction into the theory and practice of nation branding and the critique attached to it. The second chapter then looks at how nation branding fits into the wider context of development studies, and the scale of its relevance for developing countries with a special focus on its application for export, FDI and tourism promotion and its significance in development co-operation. The last chapter is dedicated to case studies of application of nation branding in two developing countries: Uruguay and Thailand. The conclusion sums up the results.

Since the 1970s the contribution of exports to growth has become widely recognized. Countries that followed 'outward-looking' development strategies have had stronger economic growth and better income distribution than countries that followed 'inward-looking' development strategies. Given a liberal trade regime, outward orientation will follow. Import-substituting policies, in contrast, impose a tax on exports by increasing prices of inputs to production (raw materials, intermediate goods and services, and machinery) above world market prices and by bidding-up the prices of capital and labour. These increases in production costs cannot be absorbed into higher prices in export industries competing in international markets. The elimination of trade-restricting policies would facilitate exports. But this 'fIrst-best' policy option is usually not regarded as possible on political grounds: groups that benefit from protection are more concentrated and form stronger lobbies than the more numerous but unorganized consumers who would benefit from trade liberalization. Potential exporters are not known. Governments are more sensitive to the perceived short-term cost of trade liberalization than to its long-term benefIts. Export incentives are therefore frequently chosen as a 'second-best' option to offset the _ costs of import substitution and thus make an economy more outward-looking. This study attempts to measure the impact of export incentives on exports of manufactured goods. To avoid the negative effects of high inflation and over-valued exchange rates on export performance, Taiwan and Thailand where these effects were limited, were chosen for case studies. Both economies have had low inflation and stable real effective exchange rates since the 1960s. Both have attempted to offset the negative effect of protection on exports with export incentives.The value of export incentives as a share of total exports is compared for Taiwan In 1969 and Thailand in 1980. In these years the stages of development in the two countries were similar. Protection offsets were the most important incentive for exports in both countries. Protection offsets gradually became more effective over time. They had a positive impact on the percentage change in the value of production and the value of exports in Taiwan between 1969 and 1974, and on the percentage change in the value of production in Thailand between 1980 and 1982. But the statistical test also shows that protection offsets determine only a small share of production and export growth. Production and export grow.th is largely determined by other factors, notably productivity growth. The estimated positive effect of protection offsets is statistically significant, but very small compared with the benefits that would be expected to occur from the reduction or removal of import restrictions.

This thesis focuses on an analysis of factors influencing Australia's dairy product exports to Thailand. To the author's knowledge, such an analysis has not been conducted so far. The research consists of literature reviews of the theories and empirical studies of comparative advantage and export demand, the econometric estimation of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of dairy products to analyse the determinants of Thailand's demand for Australian dairy products, and an investigation of experience of selected Australian exporting companies in exporting dairy products to Thailand based on the interviews of export managers. Australia exports dairy products such as, milk dry (skim milk powder or SMP and whole milk powder or WMP), butter, cheese and curd, and whey products to Thailand. SMP is the principle ingredient of Thailand's milk processing industry. Australia's main competitors in Thailand for exports of dairy products are New Zealand, the EU and to some extent the U.S.A. Thailand has heavily protected its local dairy industry by high tariffs and regulation. The Thai government promotes local dairy production and the use of local milk products. However, the dairy sector of Thailand is still incapable of meeting the demand from the domestic dairy processing industry and consumers. Hence, Thailand has to import a large volume of dairy products each year. The Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA) started to operate in January 2005. Thailand's import tariffs on Australia's dairy products will decline to zero to 32 per cent, and be phased out by 2010 or 2020. The quotas on Australia's exports of milk powders and milk and cream to the Thai market will be increased by 2025. The analysis of revealed comparative advantage and revealed competitive advantage identify that among the dairy product exporting countries, Australia has comparative advantage and competitive advantage of all of the dairy products (milk evaporated, milk dry, whey preserved and concentrated butter and cheese and curd). Thailand has comparative advantage and competitive advantage only in milk condensed and evaporated. Thailand has comparative disadvantage and competitive disadvantage in the other dairy product categories. Australia's competitors in the Thai market (New Zealand, and the selected EU countries) have comparative and competitive advantages in most of the dairy products. These results suggest that Australian dairy exporting companies and policy makers could focus on increasing the volumes of all of the dairy products exported to Thailand, except milk condensed and evaporated. The results from the estimation of econometric models of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of milk dry shows that in the short run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, while it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run price elasticity of export demand is -2.76. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand falls when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, but it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand decreases when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run relative price elasticity of demand is -1.13. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. The estimated long run exchange rate elasticity of demand is -6.34. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand is not responsive either to the relative price of exports or to Thailand's real national income. In the long run the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand changes significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The estimated long run income elasticity of demand is 1.84. During the interviews, the export managers of Australian dairy export companies agreed that Thailand is a significant importer of Australia's dairy products, particularly for SMP, WMP, whey powder, butter and cheese. Thailand's stable economic and political environment is one of the reasons that they are attracted to the Thai market. The principal factors that make Australia's products successful in the Thai market are competitive price and 'clean, green and natural' products. However, limited Australian dairy product varieties and distribution channels are major factors that contribute to Australia falling behind New Zealand and the EU in the Thai market. The Australian dairy Corporation (ADC) is not involved in promoting Australian dairy products in the Thai market at present, but has done so in the past. Thailand's tariff and import quota protection and support to local dairying industry is one of the barriers encountered by Australia's exports to Thailand. All the managers are hopeful of expanding opportunities for their dairy exports in the Thai market. These findings imply that Australian dairy export companies could expand the dairy product varieties they export and offer for sale in the Thai market. They could also take advantage of the established sales distribution network in addition to exploring the possibilities of setting up their own distribution channels. They could be looking into the possibilities of setting up of joint ventures with local dairy processing companies in Thailand so that their dairy exports could be expanded. The Australian dairy export companies as well as the ADC have to actively promote in various ways the Australian dairy product exports in the Thai market in order to take advantage of the window of opportunities open to them within the trade liberalisation framework of the Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA).

This thesis focuses on an analysis of factors influencing Australia's dairy product exports to Thailand. To the author's knowledge, such an analysis has not been conducted so far. The research consists of literature reviews of the theories and empirical studies of comparative advantage and export demand, the econometric estimation of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of dairy products to analyse the determinants of Thailand's demand for Australian dairy products, and an investigation of experience of selected Australian exporting companies in exporting dairy products to Thailand based on the interviews of export managers. Australia exports dairy products such as, milk dry (skim milk powder or SMP and whole milk powder or WMP), butter, cheese and curd, and whey products to Thailand. SMP is the principle ingredient of Thailand's milk processing industry. Australia's main competitors in Thailand for exports of dairy products are New Zealand, the EU and to some extent the U.S.A. Thailand has heavily protected its local dairy industry by high tariffs and regulation. The Thai government promotes local dairy production and the use of local milk products. However, the dairy sector of Thailand is still incapable of meeting the demand from the domestic dairy processing industry and consumers. Hence, Thailand has to import a large volume of dairy products each year. The Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA) started to operate in January 2005. Thailand's import tariffs on Australia's dairy products will decline to zero to 32 per cent, and be phased out by 2010 or 2020. The quotas on Australia's exports of milk powders and milk and cream to the Thai market will be increased by 2025. The analysis of revealed comparative advantage and revealed competitive advantage identify that among the dairy product exporting countries, Australia has comparative advantage and competitive advantage of all of the dairy products (milk evaporated, milk dry, whey preserved and concentrated butter and cheese and curd). Thailand has comparative advantage and competitive advantage only in milk condensed and evaporated. Thailand has comparative disadvantage and competitive disadvantage in the other dairy product categories. Australia's competitors in the Thai market (New Zealand, and the selected EU countries) have comparative and competitive advantages in most of the dairy products. These results suggest that Australian dairy exporting companies and policy makers could focus on increasing the volumes of all of the dairy products exported to Thailand, except milk condensed and evaporated. The results from the estimation of econometric models of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of milk dry shows that in the short run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, while it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run price elasticity of export demand is -2.76. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand falls when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, but it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand decreases when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run relative price elasticity of demand is -1.13. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. The estimated long run exchange rate elasticity of demand is -6.34. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand is not responsive either to the relative price of exports or to Thailand's real national income. In the long run the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand changes significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The estimated long run income elasticity of demand is 1.84. During the interviews, the export managers of Australian dairy export companies agreed that Thailand is a significant importer of Australia's dairy products, particularly for SMP, WMP, whey powder, butter and cheese. Thailand's stable economic and political environment is one of the reasons that they are attracted to the Thai market. The principal factors that make Australia's products successful in the Thai market are competitive price and 'clean, green and natural' products. However, limited Australian dairy product varieties and distribution channels are major factors that contribute to Australia falling behind New Zealand and the EU in the Thai market. The Australian dairy Corporation (ADC) is not involved in promoting Australian dairy products in the Thai market at present, but has done so in the past. Thailand's tariff and import quota protection and support to local dairying industry is one of the barriers encountered by Australia's exports to Thailand. All the managers are hopeful of expanding opportunities for their dairy exports in the Thai market. These findings imply that Australian dairy export companies could expand the dairy product varieties they export and offer for sale in the Thai market. They could also take advantage of the established sales distribution network in addition to exploring the possibilities of setting up their own distribution channels. They could be looking into the possibilities of setting up of joint ventures with local dairy processing companies in Thailand so that their dairy exports could be expanded. The Australian dairy export companies as well as the ADC have to actively promote in various ways the Australian dairy product exports in the Thai market in order to take advantage of the window of opportunities open to them within the trade liberalisation framework of the Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA).

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
94
This paper investigates the influence of exchange rate volatility on the real exports of Taiwan to Singapore and Thailand after the Asian Financial Crisis. Conditional variance from the GARCH（1,1）model is applied as exchange rate volatility. Both the volatility of the nominal and the real rate between NT dollar and the currencies of Singapore and Thailand are employed. We adopted the ADF unit root test to exam if these variables were stationary. By Johansen cointegration analysis, we found that the cointegration existed. The VECM and Granger causality test are applied to study the relationship between real exports and its determinants, including exchange rate volatility. Finally, we measured the time profile about real exports of the effect a shock on the behavior of their independent variables using the impulse response function. We obtained the result that a stationary long-run equilibrium relationship existed between real exports and its determinants for both Singapore and Thailand conditional on two exchange rates volatility. The persistence of shocks to volatility of Thailand was greater than that of Singapore. Normalized equations indicated that exchange rate volatility imposes large effects on real exports under all conditions. Some of these effects were positive whereas others were negative. This result was almost the same as the impulse response analysis. Because of the uncertain relationship between the exchange rate volatility and real exports in Taiwan, it’s important for government and international firms to consider how to decrease exchange rate risk, international trade loss and cost by keeping the exchange rate steady.

碩士
中國文化大學
國際企業管理學系
101
This study examines the causal relationship between gross domestic product (GDP), exports, energy consumption (EC) and CO2 emissions in Thailand and Malaysia for the period of 1965 to 2010. There are the same empirical results for Thailand and Malaysia. Results show six bidirectional causality relationships between GDP and exports, GDP and EC, GDP and CO2 emissions, exports and EC, exports and CO2 emissions, as well as EC and CO2 emissions. The finding of this research has powerful policy implication for Thailand and Malaysia. The policy makers are under pressure from the environmental representatives to reduce emissions although the state still faces enormous challenge to improve its income. Therefore, GDP, exports and CO2 emissions are associated with EC. Also, energy consumption, exports or GDP will cause to CO2 emissions then policy makers in Thailand or Malaysia encounter a main dilemma as the environmental degradation through CO2 emissions would worsen the life in the long-run. The policy makers should pay higher attention to invest energy infrastructure, encourage using less polluting or renewable energy sources, educate public awareness, upgrade energy efficiency, or offer tax credit to meet the increasing energy demands but can promote economic growth and exports at the same time.

碩士
國立中正大學
國際財務金融管理碩士學位學程
105
Abstract This paper examines the spillover effects of the U.S Quantitative Easing (QE) policy on Thailand export values to the U.S and to China, during 2006-2016. The impact of QE is related to the appreciation of Thai currency (Bath) and the decreasing of the Thailand's Exports. We used Thailand's export in a monthly and separated the U.S QE periods are as follows; the QE1, QE2, QE3, and Post-QE periods. Moreover, we separated Thai product groups to studies the effects of QE policy to export values of the Total export, Agro-industrial, Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Mining & Fuel products. The U.S QE policy has both positive and negative significant with Thailand export values to the U.S and to China. However, each of the QE policy has different effects to Thailand's export. The economic variables which we used have significant with Thailand's export, except for the inflation rate of the U.S and China. Key words: Thailand’s export; Quantitative easing monetary policy; Appreciation; Depreciation

碩士
國立中興大學
應用經濟學系所
105
The aim of this study to find out the most appropriate GARCH model with export price volatility of Thailand rice by using the daily data. The data come from Official of Agricultural Economics of Thailand and starting from 1st January 2008 until 19th January 2016. The empirical analysis base on GARCH (1,1), EGARCH, and GJR-GARCH models. From the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Schwartz criterion (SBC) suggest that GJR-GARCH model is the most appropriate model with export price volatility of Thailand rice. From the empirical result explains that there are statistically significant in ARCH and GARCH terms. The both results mean that export price volatility of Thailand rice in previous period can influence present period export price volatility of Thailand rice. Finally, this study discover over supply of rice in Thailand during that period because there is negative shock (bad news:  0) on volatility of export price of Thailand rice.

碩士
國立中興大學
應用經濟學系所
106
This paper studies the forecasting export quantity of canned pineapple in Thailand by using SARIMA and ARIMA Box-Jenkins models as forecasting methodology. Purposes of this study are, (1) to study canned pineapple export quantity from Thailand to the United States, (2) to study canned pineapple export quantity from Thailand to the European Union, (3) to interpret the estimated result for Thailand''s export policy suggestion. This study uses quantitative analysis on secondary data, which has been collected from January 2002 to December 2016, total 180 observations. The study has analyzed in four parts including; 1) stationary checking; 2) model identifying; 3) estimating; 4) forecasting. After testing the stationarity of canned pineapple export quantity from Thailand to the United States, the data is stationarity at 1st difference (d=1). Moreover, the stationarity of canned pineapple export quantity from Thailand to the European Union is at the level (d=0). When time series are stationary, the study estimates the possible models. Most appropriate Models for canned pineapple export quantity from Thailand to the United States are SARIMA (2,1,1) (1,1,1)12 and SARIMA (1,1,1) (1,1,2)12 models for canned pineapple export quantity from Thailand to European Union. After estimating the most appropriate models, then the models are used to forecast canned pineapple export quantity from Thailand to the United States and from Thailand to European Union in one year forward.

博士
中興大學
應用經濟學系所
99
Agriculture has been consecutive increased its importance in many emerging economies with the closed connection to food sector and trade activities. How to construct a competitive agricultural sector is becoming a leading strategy of economic development in such countries. This study emphasizes on analyzing key factors affecting Thailand economic growth through the aspects of agriculture and food export by interpreting with the time-series analysis framework. The aim of the first essay presented in Chapter 3 is to investigate the causal relationship between agriculture and economic growth in Thailand over 1961 to 2009. The Granger causality approach and the Wald (χ2) coefficient statistic are utilized to reveal the long-run causal relationship and impact transmission between variables. Based on the statistical results, a long-run relationship and size impact are detected running from agriculture value to economic growth, but no responsive feedback. These findings, including with the forecast generalized variance decomposition (FGVD), show that the significant influence of agriculture on economy do exist and it consists with economic growth in the long-time period. It concludes that policy-makers should regard agriculture as an important supporting sector for Thai’s economy even with recent stable grows in agriculture. By considering developments in several sectors as a key economic strategy for presenting Thailand, the essay in Chapter 4 exams the causality between agricultural and food products in Thailand’s export sector using a tri-variate vector autoregressive (VAR) model over the period of January 1995 to December 2009. The Granger causality test, following the Johansen cointegration diagnosis, is performed to analyze the long-run equilibrium and causal relationship between the variables. As the statistical results show, first, a positive long-run equilibrium is existed among the product values of agriculture, food and export based on the cointegration analysis. Secondly, the causality test results confirm that export and food based on product value leads to an increase in value of agricultural output in both short- and long-term, but total export only leads to an increase in the product value of food in short run. Furthermore the results from FGVD analysis also strongly supports that products from agricultural sector are the major input for export sector in Thai economy. The purpose of the essay in Chapter 5 focuses on the fishery industry, which is one of the key sub-agriculture sectors of Thailand. We observe its benefits to rural regions and related food industries by exporting products to the US and Japan for decades. We also try to test its connection between agriculture and trade and the potential risk attached with exchange fluctuation. High degree of trade dependence for over half of the production value makes the unexpected fluctuations in exchange rate between Thai baht and two destination currencies highly influence the development in fishery. Fluctuations of exchange rate between Thai baht and the two currencies, US dollar and Japanese Yen, are defined as the sources of export risk for domestic seafood products. Next, this study tries to detect whether the fluctuations in exchange rate causes the supply of seafood shifts abundantly. The uni-variate time series analysis through an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model is adopted to forecast the supply of the products in twelve month-period ahead. Next, the FGVD is utilized to capture for the future risk that is analyzed by applying the multivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Policy-makers can put the implications based on these empirical findings to minimize and manage the risks of the future supply of seafood products as from the exchange rate fluctuations. Policy-makers in Thailand may ensure that agriculture should remain stable in terms of its output as it is particularly relevant to trade and food sectors in such an export-oriented economy. As the conclusion from the three essays above, Thailand may implement economic policies which consider agriculture as a key and basic engine to support the economy in trade and food scenario.

This thesis studies the business performance of Thai firms in both domestic and export markets by using the market orientation theoretical framework to explain why some firms are more successful than others. It also investigates how firms become more market-oriented and whether the relationship between market orientation and business performance is moderated by business environment.

The objectives of this research project are threefold: (1) to identify the key marketing innovation factors which drive successful export marketing strategy in Thai manufacturing companies, (2) to test the proposed model 'The Full Model of Export Performance' on Thai export manufacturing companies, and (3) to suggest recommendations to Thai export manufacturing companies in order to improve their export performance.

碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
102
The objective of this research is to study the Economic Factors of the Export of Raw Sugar of Thailand. The factors studied in this research include crude oil price, foreign exchange rate of currency between the Thailand and the corresponding import country, population and GDP of the import country. Two major sugar import countries; Japan and Indonesia, are included in this research. The interval covered in this research is a 10-year period from 2002 to 2011. The result showed that the population is a negative factor to the export of Thailand sugar to both Japan and Indonesia. The GDP in Japan is not correlated with the import of sugar but the GDP in Indonesia is related with the volume of the import of raw sugar from Thailand. The exchange rate and crude oil price are related to the volume of the exports raw sugar from Thailand and Japan but not for Indonesia.

碩士
國立高雄科技大學
運籌管理系
107
This study explores the competitiveness of textile exports from China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Thailand to the global market from 2008 to 2016, based on the value of global exports published by the United Nations merchandise trade Statistics database, and the textile exports in the "Harmonized International Commodity Classification code" HS50~ HS63 for product research, the use of display comparative advantage and export market share of two indicators, for the six countries export value analysis ranking and listing the main advantages of items. The results showed that between 2008 and 2016: 1.Vietnam textile development has become the worlds fourth largest textile export countries, its textile exports in the upper and lower reaches of the products have maintained growth, has gradually caught up with the trend of China. 2.Bangladesh is the third largest country in the world for textile exports, with exports being the majority of garments, and more than twice times the growth of garment exports during the nine-year period, but in the semi-finished part it is gradually declining. 3.The textile exports of Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand are not as big as before. The three countries textile exports in the past nine years are zero growth or decline. 4.China is the worlds largest textile market, but in recent years exports have gradually declined, starting to produce to other countries with low labor costs and high labor. Keywords: Textile industry, Textile export competitiveness, Export market share, Revealed comparative advantage, Global textile export market

碩士
東海大學
會計學系
104
Furniture is a product with the same functionality and high homogeneity and the competitive advantage of the product is in the distribution of retail channel. Research results show that: 1. Through the literatures relating to distribution of retail channel and interviews of distribution strategy several important items of shall be considered: (1) define target customers、(2) complete commodity structure、(3) build brand image、(4) establish the model of showroom, if the above factors have been taken into consideration during distribution of retail channel. Thailand has placed in domestic retail market of furniture export companies and found that their layout in addition to considering the channel class, according to the indoor/outdoor furniture company, set target at different customers, their differences in the path layout are as follows: (1) Indoor furniture project is the main focus of target customers, the exhibition store model - the company's indoor display center. The commodity structure of furniture, decoration and bedding are overall collocation, but each has their own brand. Cooperate with designers, shape the channel of brand. (2) Retailer customers of indoor furniture are the main focus of target customers, the exhibition store model – self set and self sell shop, adopt home museum model. The commodity structure of furniture, decoration, and bedding are from the same brand. Role as distributor and shape the channel of brand. (3) Outdoor furniture project is the main focus of target customers, the exhibition store model - the company's indoor display center. Commodity structure – own production of furniture as the center and adopt supporting commodity base on the needs of project. The product is delicately designed and attracts the designers, shape the production brand. V (4) Retailer customers of outdoor furniture are the main focus of target customers, the exhibition store model – self set and self sell shop, adopt furniture shop model. The commodity structure mainly adopts own brand furniture and the affiliated collocation is few. The product is delicately designed and attracts the foreign customers by obtaining foreign awards, shape the production brand.