Journal articles: 'Export'

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Na, Jung-Ho, and Eun-Hee Jang. "Analysis of the Effectiveness of Local Government's Overseas Export Support Office." Korean Academy Of International Commerce 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2023.38.3.53.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prove the effectiveness of an export support policy to ensure its sustainability. This study focuses on analyzing the operational effectiveness of overseas export support offices operated by local governments for the purpose of revitalizing regional exports. Research design, data, and methodology: The research methodology adopted a case study approach. The Overseas Trade Center of Jeollabuk-do was chosen as the research case and is analyzed accordingly. To conduct the case analysis, methods employed include research design; validation of dependency patterns; interviews with users, practitioners, and administrators; expert group evaluations; and cross-evaluation of actual export performance. Results: The operation of overseas export support offices by local governments has been effective. Verification of six dependent patterns according to the research hypothesis all yielded positive results. Conclusions: The expert group evaluation and the comprehensive evaluation of export performance by participating companies indicate that local government overseas export support offices are indeed beneficial for small and medium-sized regional enterprises in their export efforts.

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Kapoor, Satish. "Export Houses and SSI Exports." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 15, no. 1 (March 1988): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0970846419880105.

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Brambilla, Irene, Daniel Lederman, and Guido Porto. "Exports, Export Destinations, and Skills." American Economic Review 102, no. 7 (December 1, 2012): 3406–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3406.

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This paper explores the links between exports, export destinations, and skill utilization. We identify two mechanisms behind these links: differences across destinations in quality valuation and in exporting required services, activities that are intensive in skilled labor. Depending on the characteristics of the source country (income, language), the theories suggest a skill-bias in export destinations. We test the theory using a panel of Argentine manufacturing firms. We find that Argentine firms exporting to high-income countries hired more skilled workers than other exporters and domestic firms. Instead, we cannot identify any causal effect of exporting per se on skill utilization. (JEL F14, F16, J24, L60, O14, O19)

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Greenaway, David, Wyn Morgan, and Peter Wright. "Exports, export composition and growth." Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 8, no. 1 (March 1999): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199900000004.

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Mamai, O. V., M. V. Kitaeva, and B. Molloy. "Information Systems Supporting Product Exports of the Agricultural Sector of the Economy." SHS Web of Conferences 62 (2019): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196208002.

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Export is one of the difficult foreign economic problems of Russia. It has always been and remains a key issue of national development, and it is also an important source of currency for meeting the priority needs of the national economy. The state of export largely determines the process of Russia's integration into the world economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze information systems for supporting exports in the Russian Federation, as the main information component when making export decisions. The study considers the existing information systems for supporting exports in the Russian Federation, and for evaluating export support systems for the agricultural sector of the economy. The methodological basis of the study was dialectic principles, methods of system analysis of economic phenomena: analysis and synthesis, the method of scientific abstraction, the method of expert evaluation, etc. The study outlines the main trends in the improvement of information systems for supporting exports in the Russian Federation.

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Hodijah, Siti, Yohanes Vyn Amzar, and Thereza Ismiranda. "Indonesian Export of Footwear Product: Export Destination Countries Analysis." JEJAK 15, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v15i2.36624.

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This study aims to analyze factors affecting the export volume of Indonesian footwear products in eight export destination countries during the 2017-2020 period. The independent variables used in the study were Export Price, Real Gdp of Export Destination Countries, Population of Export Destination Countries, Exchange Rates, and Export Growth of Tiongkok Footwear. In contrast, the dependent variables were the export volume of Indonesian footwear. The study used multiple linear regression analysis with panel data. Based on the study's results, the variable export price negatively and significantly affects the volume of Indonesian footwear exports. In contrast, the variable real GDP and growth of Tiongkok footwear exports positively and significantly influence the volume of Indonesian footwear export exports. In contrast, the variable population of the destination country of footwear exports and exchange rates does not significantly affect the volume of Indonesian footwear exports in Indonesia's eight export destination countries.

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Satriani, Rini, and T. M. Zakir Machmud. "The Role of Banking Services in Determining the Destination Countries for Indonesia’s Non-Oil and Gas Export." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 66, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.47291/efi.v66i2.709.

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This study aims to examine whether the risk factor and banking services play a significant role in determining not only the export performance of a country but also the pattern of export destination markets, with the reference to the case of Indonesia. These two indicators are interrelated because the risk factor in export transactions can be mitigated by banking sector. Using the data of export Letter of Credits (LCs) for non-oil and gas exports of Indonesia as a banking instrument to mitigate special risk transactions to 102 export destination countries as well as a panel data methodology for the 2011–2018 period, this study discovers that the risk of export destination countries affects the decline in non-oil and gas exports of Indonesia to the alleged high-risk countries that are non-traditional export markets of Indonesia by 8.34%. In contrast, the LCs only significantly affect the increase in non-oil and gas exports of Indonesia to the lowand medium-risk countries by 0.024–0.029%, most of which are traditional export markets of Indonesia. It implies that banking sector in general does not have the appetite for providing financing for Indonesian exporters attempting to penetrate non-traditional export markets. This result underlines that commercial banks in Indonesia have a significant role in shaping the pattern of destination countries for Indonesian export. Consequently, government intervention is essentially needed by assuming or sharing part of the risk with state banks supposing the government continues to expect exporters to be able to penetrate into the non-traditional countries.

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Furuoka, Fumitaka, Hanafiah Harvey, and Qaiser Munir. "Export diversification, mean-reversion of exports, and stability of export–growth causality." International Trade Journal 33, no. 3 (December 24, 2018): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2018.1555497.

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Hayter, Roger. "EXPORT PERFORMANCE AND EXPORT POTENTIALS: WESTERN CANADIAN EXPORTS OF MANUFACTURED END PRODUCTS." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 30, no. 1 (March 1986): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01022.x.

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10

Palca, Joseph. "Strategic exports: High-technology export tangle." Nature 323, no. 6087 (October 1986): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/323383b0.

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Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre, Süleyman Hilmi Kal, and Huzeyfe Torun. "Do subsidised export loans increase exports?" World Economy 41, no. 8 (November 3, 2017): 2200–2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12580.

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12

Daniels, P. W. "Export of Services of Servicing Exports?" Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography 82B, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0467.00069.

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Daniels, P. W. "Export of services of servicing exports?" Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 82, no. 1 (April 2000): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3684.2000.00069.x.

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14

Hayakawa, Kazunobu, Hyun-Hoon Lee, and Donghyun Park. "Do Export Promotion Agencies Increase Exports?" Developing Economies 52, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/deve.12048.

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15

Priddle, Roland. "Canadian Gas Exports and Export Policy." Natural Gas 3, no. 9 (September 11, 2007): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410030901.

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Kalirajan, Kaliappa, and Kanhaiya Singh. "A Comparative Analysis of China's and India's Recent Export Performances." Asian Economic Papers 7, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2008.7.1.1.

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Drawing on the convergence theory, one would expect that the export performance of India (a latecomer to integrating with the global economy) would be at least on par with that of China because China's performance has happened as predicted by the theory. This study, using performance measures based on the endogenous growth theory that internalizes the ability to export the maximum possible exports under the determinants of exports including the existing behind the border and beyond the border constraints, shows that India's export performance is still far behind that of China. The implication of this study is that India's reform measures need to be bolstered effectively to catch up and to overtake China.

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Otamurodov, Shavkat, Shujin Zhu, Ihtisham ul Haq, and Tenglong Zhong. "Export Margins, Price and Quantity of Belarus’s Export Growth." Review of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2017-0004.

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Abstract This paper examines the sources of Belarus’s export growth and decomposes export growth into extensive and intensive margins. This study also aims to determine export margins for intermediate and final goods and to determine the price and quantity components of the intensive export margin. In order to achieve the desired objectives, we use two methods for decomposing export growth, the count method and the export shares method. We analyse Belarus's export growth using export data at the HS-6 digit level for the 2004-2014 period. Our results show that Belarus's exports grew mainly due to growth in the price margin during the studied period 2004-2014. However, the extensive margin was important in export growth to some extent. Comparing the growth rate across final and intermediate goods reveals that although the share of final products in Belarus’s exports is not very big (18.9% in 2014), the average annual growth in exports of final products is higher than that of intermediate goods. Our investigation also shows that Belarus produces a wide range of commodities, but the share of the most of these commodities is not large; its exports depend on a restricted range of commodities. Moreover, most of the commodities are exported to Russia and Ukraine. Our results give us reason to assume that finding new markets for their new products is one of the main challenges for developing countries wishing to increase their exports by an extensive margin. This has important implications for how policy makers promote the trade and diversification of exports.

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Debnath, Avijit, Niranjan Roy, Priyanka Dasgupta, and Nazira Mazumder. "On productivity differential of export composition: evidence from India." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-01-2013-0002.

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Purpose – This paper aims to analyse the relationship between exports and non-export gross domestic product (GDP) in the context of Indian economy during 1988-2012. It considers export both at aggregate and disaggregated levels to examine whether export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis is sensitive to types of goods India exports. Design/methodology/approach – The OLS-based autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model has been employed to analyse the potential long-run equilibrium relationship. Further, the error correction model within the ARDL framework is applied to examine the short-run and long-run causal relationship between non-export GDP, export and other variables. The study is based on secondary data. Findings – The study indicates that at aggregate level, exports do not have any significant impact on output of non-export sector, and therefore, it is maintained that ELG hypothesis is not valid at aggregate level in India; when the authors disaggregate exports into merchandise and services exports, the latter has been found to have positive spillover effects on non-export sector of the economy. However, the association between merchandise export and non-export GDP is found to be statistically insignificant. When the authors further disaggregated merchandise exports, the authors observed that primary-product export has a negative association with non-export GDP, but export of manufacturing products found to have a significant positive impact on non-export GDP. Finally, export of petroleum product shows a negative long-run association with non-export GDP, but the association is statistically insignificant. Originality/value – It is not the case that India can simply increase its exports per se and be sure of witnessing economic growth, but instead it is the composition and the concentration of these exports that matters.

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Nawaz, Sadaf, Sajida Kamran, Ramsha Saleem, Muhammad Ali, and Nadia Asad. "Impact of Commodity Concentration and Geographical Concentration upon Export instability in Pakistan." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 26, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2023-0012.

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Abstract This research study investigates the factors affecting export instability in Pakistan by using time-series data from 1981 to 2017. The determining factors of export instability in this study are commodity concentration index, geographical concentration index, food ratio, export earnings and total export quantity. The study employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to investigate the long-run (LR) relationship between export instability and its employed determinants. The empirical evidence reveals that commodity concentration, geographical concentration, food exports and export earnings are the key factors explaining export instability in Pakistan. The study finds the positive relationship between export instability and commodity concentration, while a negative association with geographical concentration. Furthermore, food exports and export earnings are also found to be negatively related to export instability. The study finds that concentration or dependence on a few exports causes export instability in Pakistan, but this problem would be overcome if Pakistan’s commodity basket for exports become diversified.

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Abildaev, S. T., G. K. Iskakova, G. E. Amalbekova, and D. A. Junussova. "Assessment of Economic Security of Agricultural Exports of Kazakhstan." Economics: the strategy and practice 18, no. 3 (October 3, 2023): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2023-3-157-173.

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The agricultural sector of the country’s economy is one of the key areas of economic growth, an element of expanding export potential, which ensures the food and social security of Kazakhstan. Assessment of the probability and degree of threats in the organization of agricultural exports is an important area of research. The research is based on the following scientific methods: generalization, analysis, synthesis, statistical methods, graphical visualization, expert evaluation method. The analysis was based on statistical data from 2019 to 2021. This time interval covers the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the field of agricultural exports. The purpose of the study is to summarize the most important criteria for assessing the likelihood and degree of threats in the organization of agricultural exports. The work highlights the significant stages and procedures of the export organization, and threat assessment indicators are summarized on the basis of expert assessment. The developed and proposed measurable values of indicators will allow the company to assess, monitor the probability and degree of occurrence of threats at the stages of the export process. The application of the assessment methodology will allow exporters and government agencies to rationally organize the infrastructure for exporting agricultural producers’ products.

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Larysa, Hromozdova, Derbenova Yana, Ablova Olena, Ilchenko Viktoriia, and Yurchenko Oksana. "Problems of re-orientation of foreign trade activities of Ukraine." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 22 (April 10, 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.22.2020.2.

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The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of Ukraine’s export-importoperations with EU and CIS countries and to identify the weaknesses of industriesthat have difficulty reorienting exports. The object of the study is export-importactivity of Ukraine. The subject of the research is the problem of reorientationof export of some industries of Ukraine from the lost CIS markets to the EUcountries. the methodological bases of the research are dialectical methods ofscientific knowledge, systematic approach; the study used the work of foreign andlocal experts on international economic relations between Ukraine and the EU.The methods of scientific comparative analysis, general scientific methods oftheoretical, empirical research and method of expert evaluation were used. thescientific novelty of the article is that for the first time the data on the analysisof export-import operations of Ukraine with the EU and CIS countries, theircomparative characteristics, including by industry, are given. conclusions. Theissue of reorientation of Ukraine’s exports by sectors is considered, the industries that have been most adapted to the change in the vector of Ukraine’s foreigneconomic priorities have been identified. It has been found that the export ofhigh-tech industries is experiencing the greatest difficulties due to the loss ofsome CIS markets and the need for significant investments to adapt to the highEU standards.

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Haniotis, Tassos, John Baffes, and Glenn C. W. Ames. "The Demand and Supply of U.S. Agricultural Exports: The Case of Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, no. 2 (December 1988): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017581.

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AbstractThe demand for and supply of U.S. wheat, corn, and soybean exports is specified in a dynamic framework. Obtained results indicate differences in the export behavior of each product. U.S. corn exports are elastic, while U.S. soybean exports exhibit an inelastic response. For wheat, the derived elasticity of export demand had a positive sign. Hypothesis testing validated the dynamic structure of the estimated models in all markets. Stability properties were confirmed in export markets of corn and soybeans, but results were inconclusive for the wheat market. Adjustment coefficients indicate that exports and export prices do not adjust immediately to their equilibrium levels. Multiplier impacts indicate a stable path of convergence for all markets, with minimal impact of exogenous shocks on wheat and corn exports and export prices. Soybean export prices exhibit a significant response to changes in domestic export capacity, but minimal response to other exogenous shocks.

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Trisanti Saragih, Maria, Harianto Harianto, and Heny Kuswanti. "Pengaruh Penerapan Bea Keluar Biji Kakao Terhadap Daya Saing Serta Ekspor Produk Kakao Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama." Forum Agribisnis 11, no. 2 (September 23, 2021): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.11.2.133-152.

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The development of Indonesia's cocoa beans before the export duty policy shows that almost 90 per cent of cocoa beans exports were exported from total production, therefore makes Indonesia as known as one of the biggest cocoa beans exporters in the world. Cocoa exports to destination countries cause the domestic stock of raw materials for cocoa beans Domestic stock has decreased. Afterwards, the Indonesian government implemented a cocoa bean export duty policy. This research aimed to analyze the effect of export duties policy for the competitiveness and exports of Indonesian cocoa products to export destination countries. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method is used to measure competitiveness, while Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) is used to analyze the long-term effect of export duties on cocoa beans on competitiveness and exports of cocoa products. Based on the analysis result, all cocoa products have competitiveness, Indonesian cocoa butter has the highest competitiveness in export destination countries. Export duties policy has a long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa paste and powder, but have no long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa butter. Therefore, the overall increase in competitiveness and export of cocoa products is due to the implementation of the cocoa bean export duty policy.

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Di Fatta, Davide, Navneet Gera, Lokinder Kumar Tyagi, and Thomas Grisold. "Export knowledge." Kybernetes 48, no. 8 (September 2, 2019): 1806–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-05-2018-0245.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the export knowledge to be the determinant of export strategy, export commitment and export performance in carpet Industry. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative–quantitative approach, the unit of analysis is the individual export venturing firm in India. More in detail, a qualitative analysis was conducted through a focus group interview to explore the challenges of carpet exports. A quantitative analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and, because of covariate nature of the proposed research model, structural equation modeling to evaluate the research hypotheses. Findings The results emphasized that Indian carpet exports face major challenges, namely, issues of raw material that is wool, shortage of labor for weaving carpets and a lack of organization which has a negative impact on productivity and quality. Furthermore, this study shows that export knowledge directly influences the export strategy, export commitment and export performance. Originality/value Building on the results, this paper suggests corrective measures, as well as required knowledge, to formulate a strategy and boost the export performance of the carpet sector.

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Moussa Traore, Mohamed, and Nahil Ismail Saqfalhait. "The Causes of Export Volatility in Algeria during the Period of 1992-2016." Jordan Journal of Economic Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjes.v9i2.217.

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This paper aimed to investigate the drivers of export volatility in Algeria and to estimate the impact of export structure and product concentration exports on export volatility in Algeria via a regression model using annual time series data for the period 1992-2016. The results showed that the high export volatility in Algeria was mainly caused by the increase in the share of exports of consumer goods and raw materials and the continuous increase in exports. The paper concluded that there is a need to reduce reliance on primary exports in Algeria. Therefore, policymakers should work on diversifying the exports to reduce the export volatility in Algeria.

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Damayanthi, Made Dewi, and I. Wayan Wenagama. "Pengaruh Kurs Dollar, Inflasi, Harga Terhadap Ekspor Kepiting Indonesia." E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana 11, no. 6 (July 12, 2022): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eep.2022.v11.i06.p10.

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The fisheries subsector is second largest contributor to Indonesia's GDP in agricultural sector 2010-2013, supported by presence of export value of fishery products in 2008-2014 experiencing an increase. Crab exports rank third after shrimp and tuna export value. This study aims to determine the effect of US dollar exchange rate, foreign exchange, inflation, and prices on export value of crabs in Indonesia. This Research using time series data from 1980-2013 and analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results show exchange rate of US dollars, price of export crabs, inflation, and foreign exchange simultaneously have significant effect on crab exports. Partially the US dollar exchange rate and export crab prices have positive and significant effect on crab exports. Inflation have a negative and significant effect on crab exports. However, foreign exchange has negative and not significant effect on crab exports. Price of export crabs is has dominant effect on crab exports. keyword: crab exports, dollar exchange rate, inflation, prices

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Kousar, Shazia, Iqra Khalid, Farhan Ahmed, and Jose Pedro Ramos-Requena. "Asymmetric Effect of Oil Prices on Export Performance: The Role of Export Financing Schemes in Pakistan." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12746.

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This study aims to check the impact of export financing (EF) schemes like EF-25, oil prices, exchange rate, and foreign direct investment on export performance in Pakistan. Study utilized textile exports and non-textile exports to measure the export performance in Pakistan. Data for modeled variables are taken from the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), and International Financial Statistics (IFS) for the period of 2004 to 2020. This study employed Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) and Non-Linear Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (NARDL) models from 2004 to 2020 to check the symmetric and asymmetric impact of modeled variables on export performance in Pakistan. It is observed that there is a positive and significant impact of export financing schemes and oil prices on the performance of the export of Pakistan in both time regimes before and after the world financial crisis 2008. Asymmetric effects showed that positive shock in oil prices leads to a positive change in exports and negative shock also leads to a positive change in exports. The impact of export financing on the textile sector is significant and positive but it is insignificant in the case of oil prices. Whereas the impact of oil prices on non-textile exports of Pakistan is significant and a positive rather insignificant impact of export financing is found for non-textile exports. According to the results, export financing is favorable for Pakistan's export performance so it should be encouraged and more schemes should be introduced.

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Kumar, Sameer, and Subarana Sarkar Mukarjee. "A Statistical Examine of Trend Concept in India’s Export." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.207.

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In this paper export performance of India’s evaluating in the structure of India’s export, followed the sectored composition and relative competiveness of India’s Exports. India’s Exports have played an increasingly important role in India’s economic growth. This statistical study shows that India’s Export performance improved during the post reform period and there has been changed in the value, composition and direction of India’s Export. Those volume and value of export has increased manifold. India’s share in the world export is still not up to the expansion economic reform. This paper analyses the performance of India’s Exports and the various economic factors which have contributed to its growth.

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M. Al Shaar, Eshaq, Nidal O. Zalloum, Shadi A. Khattab, and Tasneem Fayez Alfalah. "Managerial Ability, Earnings Quality, and Future Performance." Jordan Journal of Economic Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjes.v9i2.220.

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This paper investigates Algeria's main export volatility drivers via a regression model. The methodology involves the construction and estimation of an econometric model. In this model, the annual time series from 1992 to 2016 is used to estimate the impact of export structure and product concentration on the size of export volatility. The results reveal that export volatility in Algeria is high, and this is due to the growing percentage of consumer and raw material exports. The increasing size of exports is also an essential determinant of volatility. The findings indicate a need to reduce the reliance on primary exports while policymakers should diversify the export basket to reduce export volatility.

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Ishchuk, Svitlana O., Yuliya V. Polyakova, and Protsevyat Oksana S. "Structure and dynamics of Ukrainian merchandise exports: a regional dimension." Regional Economy, no. 1(99) (March 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-1-3.

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Ukraine’s integration into the global market has a clear resource-oriented nature, as agricultural products remain the dominant component of domestic merchandise exports. This urges the need to diversify the structure of exports and increase the share of high-tech and medium-tech industries. Given the structural heterogeneity of the formation of domestic merchandise exports in the regional context, the research in this direction is relevant. The purpose of the article is to identify key changes in the export specialization of the regions of Ukraine and to group the latter according to the level of their export activities. Based on the assessment of the structure of merchandise exports of Ukraine and its regions, the export specialization of the latter by commodity groups is determined. The diagnostic study of export activities at the meso-level results from the calculation of indicators that characterize: export orientation of the economy (calculated as the ratio between the value of merchandise exports of the region and gross regional product), export coverage of imports (calculated as the ratio between the values of merchandise exports and merchandise imports of the region), export manufacturability (calculated as the ratio between the values of high-tech exports of the region and merchandise exports in general), the high-tech export orientation of the industry (calculated as the ratio between the value of high-tech exports of the region and the volume of sold industrial products). The regions are divided into four conditional groups according to the level of their export activities, based on the values of the integrated index calculated by the method of the arithmetic mean of partial indicators. Some key trends and problems in the formation and development of Ukraine’s export potential are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the high share of products made from toll raw materials within the high-tech merchandise exports of the vast majority of regions of the Western region. Measures for the implementation of an efficient state policy of export promotion are proposed and their targets are defined.

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Nikolic, Goran. "Structural adjustment of Serbian commodity exports to the EU demand for imports." Ekonomski anali 49, no. 162 (2004): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0462191n.

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In this paper we have calculated indexes of export-import similarity (Serbian exports and EU imports) by using certain statistical methods. A considerable increase in indexes of export-import similarity, after the approval of the EU preferential, shows that Serbian exports used to be adjusted to the EU market. After suddenly increasing, indexes of export-import similarity then decreased followed by a fall in the share of manufactured products in total exports, although the total exports and exports to the EU recorded a further increase. This fact clearly shows that a growth in exports was achieved mainly by primary products, which widened a gap between the Serbian export structure and that of the EU import structure. Therefore, a growth in Serbian exports can not be sustained without radical restructuring of the Serbian export sector.

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Hossain, Akhand Akhtar. "The Foreign-Income and Real-Exchange-Rate Elasticities of Bangladesh Exports." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i2pp.119-144.

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Bangladesh began implementing trade-reform policies in the mid 1980s, leading to a gradual change in its anti-export-policy. Since then the share of exports in her GDP has been rising steadily with the economy growing at about 5 percent per annum. This growth is associated with structural change in the country’s export composition favouring non-traditional exports, namely garments and frozen foods. This paper specifies and estimates an aggregate export-demand function; deploys Pesaran’s bounds-testing approach to estimate export-elasticities of foreign income and the exchange rate; and tests for the stability of the estimated function. The empirical results, based on annual data for the period 1973-2010, suggest a long-run relationship between real exports and export-weighted foreign real income. Similarly, real exports and the real effective exchange rate of the taka are found to be related. Finally, the results suggest that the dynamic behaviour of exports possesses an error-correction representation. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests suggest no significant instability in the export-demand function. However, the recursive and rolling-regression coefficients indicate that the export-demand function has undergone some structural change since the early 1990s. This is reflected in the decreasing sensitivity of real exports vis á vis the exchange rate. JEL classification: C32, F11 Keywords: Exports’ Elasticities, Pesaran’s Bounds Test, Export-demand Stability, Bangladesh

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POLLAY, R. W. "Export "A" ads are extremely expert, eh?" Tobacco Control 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.10.1.71.

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Eswaran, Mukesh, and Ashok Kotwal. "Export led development Primary vs. industrial exports." Journal of Development Economics 41, no. 1 (June 1993): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(93)90043-m.

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Sarker, Rakhal. "Trade Expansion, International Competitiveness and the Pursuit of Export Diversification in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Development Studies XLI, no. 2 (November 18, 2018): 01–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.57138/yziz1854.

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While export diversification has been central to many policy dialogues in Bangladesh, little effort has been made to investigate international competitiveness of major export sectors using longitudinal data. This paper contributes to the export diversification literature by measuring and comparing international export competitiveness of five major export sectors in Bangladesh employing data from 1980 to 2013. The expansion of readymade garments export from Bangladesh has been phenomenal. Exports of fish and seafood also increased slowly. The exports of other three sectors, however, declined. While three of the five sectors considered in this study enjoyed international competitiveness, the export competitiveness of only two sectors increased over time. These results underscore export diversification challenges faced by Bangladesh and possible pathways.

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Vogiatzoglou, Klimis. "Export Composition and Long-run Economic Growth Impact: A Cointegration Analysis for ASEAN ‘Latecomer’ Economies." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 13, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 168–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801018812571.

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Export expansion can be a significant engine of economic growth for developing economies. The size of the growth effect of exports depends not only on volume but also on the sectoral composition of exports. By explicitly considering the sectoral export composition, this article examines over a 31-year period the long-run growth impact of exports in four transition and emerging economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. More specifically, for each country, a long-run equilibrium analysis within a cointegration framework is conducted for three broad sectors (agriculture, mining/natural resources and manufacturing) as well as for 22 manufacturing industries during 1987–2017. The results indicate that there has been sizeable export expansion (especially in Vietnam), but export composition differs substantially across economies, which has an effect on the overall growth impact of the country’s exports. Clear evidence of export-led growth is found only for some sectors. Countries that rely heavily on primary goods have experienced relatively lower export-led growth. Export restructuring in manufacturing industries is associated with a larger long-run growth effect for a country’s exports. Our findings suggest that policies encouraging diversification away from traditional export sectors would be expected to lead to higher long-run growth effects of exports. Furthermore, our analysis implies a steady strengthening of export dynamism in ASEAN ‘latecomer’ economies and their rising significance in the global trade system. JEL Classification: F14, F43, F63, O11, O47

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Man Kim, Sang. "Export Credit Guarantee and Prohibited Subsidies Under the SCM Agreement." Journal of World Trade 54, Issue 3 (June 1, 2020): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2020020.

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Export credit guarantee or insurance covers non-payment risks in exports. Many countries have established export credit agencies (ECAs) to promote exports through export credits including export credit guarantee or insurance. Officially supported export credits have brought the concern that they may distort fair competition in international trades. Export credit guarantee or insurance programmes with inadequate premium rates are likely to fall under the prohibited subsidies. ECAs need to understand the requirements of the prohibited subsidies under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement). This article will discuss features and functions of export credit guarantee or insurance in international trades. This article will also discuss some issues concerning the elements of a subsidy and illustrated list of prohibited export subsidies with regard to export credit guarantee or insurance by analysing the relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement and WTO Panel or Appellate Body Reports. countervailing measure, export credit, export credit insurance, export credit guarantee, prohibited subsidy, the SCM Agreement, subsidy

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Morgan, Robert E., and Constantine S. Katsikeas. "Export stimuli: Export intention compared with export activity." International Business Review 6, no. 5 (October 1997): 477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-5931(97)00017-6.

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Berry, Albert. "International Trade, Government, and Income Distribution in Peru Since 1870." Latin American Research Review 25, no. 2 (1990): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100023372.

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Whether and how the international trade and investments of less-developed countries affect their patterns of income distribution has long been a matter of interest and debate. Classical economic theory has tended to be optimistic on this count based on the assumption that when poor, heavily populated countries specialize in and export the labor-intensive goods in which they are expected to have an advantage, they will grow fast and improve their income distribution as well. But while trade's positive impact on distribution may be the natural expectation when a country's exports are mainly labor-intensive manufactures, no such generalization is warranted when primary products dominate the export mix, even though one might still expect some loose tendency toward labor intensity. The distribution of rents associated with an export-specific input or inputs may be very concentrated (often the case with mineral exports) or relatively egalitarian (as with exports produced by small family farms), but political factors also affect who gets them. Other, less-direct effects may also be important, including the type of linkages from the export sector, the demands created by the income they generate, and the direction of government expenditure of the fiscal revenues resulting from the trade.

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ERMOLAEV, Kirill A., and Shokhrukh E. ERMATOV. "Evaluating the potential for growth in high-tech exports from Russia." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 940–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.5.940.

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Subject. The article discusses exports of high-tech products manufactured by the Russian enterprises. Objectives. We outline an approach to evaluating the potential for high-tech exports. Methods. To identify the export potential, we referred to statistical data on the dynamics of high-tech exports and integral indicators of international trade, including the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). The export potential was quantified by assessing the Export Potential Indicator (EPI) with the International Trade Center (ITC) technique, which is based on modern statistical models, including the gravitational model of international trade. To interpret the results, we compared and adjusted then with respect to external macroeconomic factors and domestic national policy, including the analysis of the return on governmental funds invested in export. Results. We analyzed the current dynamics of high-tech exports and imports in Russia, scrutinized indicators of export and import of electrical machines, equipment and pharmaceuticals. We determined the principal trade partners of Russia for the above group of commodities. We evaluated Russia’s export potential for the above categories and spotlighted priority countries for further trade cooperation. The article indicates whether governmental support is sufficient for unfolding the export potential. Conclusions and Relevance. The way we suggest evaluating the potential for high-tech exports allows to determine the most promising sectors in terms of locked export potential, quantify the export potential and, finally, set up limitations or targets so that it would be possible to assess the adequacy of governmental programs and enhance them and choose export support actions.

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Amoussou, Amour Gbaguidi, and Aristide Medenou. "Application of ARIMA models on Export potential Indicator." African Journal of Applied Statistics 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/ajas/2021.1165.263.

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The export potential indicator is designed for countries that aim to support established exports by increasing exports to new or existing target markets, and several studies are being managed using various mathematical model to predict the export values. Here, we propose an econometric model that could be useful to predict the export values. We performed the ARIMA model to evaluate the realized and unrealized export potentials of products. We therefore propose to carry out actions in favor of increasing the export potential.

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Boonsaeng, Tullaya, and Stanley M. Fletcher. "The Impact of U.S. Non-price Export Promotion Program on Export Demand for U.S. Peanuts in North America." Peanut Science 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps08-026.1.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the U.S. federal non-price export promotion programs on U.S. export demand in North America. A single-equation framework was specified for estimation of the peanut export demand model. Results indicate that the own-price of the importing country had a negative relationship with U.S. peanut exports, while the price of Chinese peanut exports and real income (GDP) of the importing country were positively related to U.S. peanuts exports. Export promotion programs had a positive effect on the export demand for U.S. peanut to Mexico while these programs seemed to have no effect in Canada.

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Kireenko, A. P., and S. K. Sodnomova. "Efficiency of regional export support measures and their influence on investments." Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2024): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2024-2-258-267.

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Regions are active participants of foreign economic activity, with their contribution to the total export being significant. Therefore, data analysis of the volume and structure of exports and investments is important for determining the efficiency of support measures and for elaborating a further development strategy. A review of scientific sources demonstrates the role of investment and government support in stimulating exports. This article examines the efficiency of regional export support measures and their correlation with investments. Statistical data on exports, investments, and government support measures from 2012 to 2022 is compared. The research demonstrates the performance of the Irkutsk Region Export Support Center in the following spheres: in supporting exporters in concluding export contracts, in stimulating export activities of small and medium-sized enterprises, in engaging new exporters in foreign economic activities, as well as in promoting export diversification. Data on the increase in the share of nonresource, non-energy goods in the structure of the region exports confirms the efficiency of the undertaken supporting measures. The performance of the Export Support Center indicates its increasing popularity and efficiency. Moreover, the increasing number of exporters and the volume of export contracts demonstrates the positive impact of supporting measures on the export sector development and regional economy competitiveness. After considering the three main drivers of economic performance, i.e., consumer demand, exports, and investment, it can be concluded that the regional authorities use levers of influence over the latter two factors.

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Orhan, Ayhan, Melek Emikönel, Murat Emikönel, and Rui Alexandre Castanho. "Reflections of the “Export-Led Growth” or “Growth-Led Exports” Hypothesis on the Turkish Economy in the 1999–2021 Period." Economies 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10110269.

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Various factors determine and affect economic growth, one of which is exports. Trade theory also states that exports increase the growth of the domestic economy in various ways. For this reason, the effect of exports on economic growth is a long-term area of research. In addition to the studies examining the effect of foreign trade on economic growth in the literature, some studies investigate the effects of economic growth on export capacity. These studies suggest that the export-based economic growth hypothesis is valid when the causality relationship between exports and growth is from exports to growth, and the growth-led export hypothesis is valid when it is from growth to exports. To this end, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of the new economic model for Turkey in two different periods. In this context, this study comparatively focuses on the 1999:Q1–2013:Q4 and 2014:Q1–2021:Q4 periods to test the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis and the growth-led export hypothesis. According to the analysis results for the 1999:Q1–2013:Q4 periods, only the growth-led export hypothesis is valid, and a 1% increase in the economic growth rate in this period increases exports by 0.42%. Considering the 2014:Q1–2021:Q4 period, the hypotheses of “Economic growth is not the cause of exports and exports are not the cause of economic growth” are rejected, and according to these test results, it was determined that both the export-led growth hypothesis and the growth-led export hypothesis are valid. In the results of this period, a 1% increase in economic growth rate increases exports by 0.38%, and a 1% increase in exports increases economic growth by 1.36%.

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Huang, Yue, Yalin Lei, and Sanmang Wu. "Virtual water embodied in the export from various provinces of China using multi-regional input–output analysis." Water Policy 19, no. 2 (September 23, 2016): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.002.

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China is a large exporter and consumer of water embodied in export products. In addition, there is much trade among regions within China, and exports from various provinces consume not only local water but national non-local water. However, former calculations of the water consumption embodied in the exports of various provinces do not reflect the sources of the water consumption. Previous studies on virtual water in China's exports have focused on national aggregate analyses and have paid little attention to the inter-regional water consumption transfer driven by exports. We used a multi-regional input–output model of thirty provinces to examine the virtual water export. The results show that the total virtual water in China's exports was 106.3 billion m3, and 77.0% of the embodiment was from exports from the eastern provinces, where over 90% of China's exports occur. However, the virtual water driven by per unit of export in the eastern regions is far less than that in the central and western regions. Moreover, the central and western provinces, whose exports are small, indirectly export much virtual water by supporting eastern China's exports via inter-regional economic linkages. The results yield important implications for China's export and virtual water export control policy.

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f, Zhe Ma, Seong-Tae Ji, and Jing-Suo Li. "Research on Export Sophistication, Efficiency, and Potential of Agriculture Product Trade between South Korea and RCEP Countries: Based on the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model." Journal of Korea Trade 28, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2024.28.1.1.

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Purpose - This study examines the structure of agricultural export sophistication, export efficiency, and the potential of South Korea’s agricultural products for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) countries. Design/Methodology – This study evaluates the agricultural export sophistication of RCEP countries and investigate export sophistication’s effects on the efficiency and potential of South Korea’s agricultural exports to RCEP countries. To this end, we construct a stochastic frontier gravity model (SFGM) based on panel data of agricultural product trade and other factors that impact agricultural imports and exports between South Korea and 36 countries from 2001 to 2020. Using this “one-step method” trade inefficiency model, we evaluate the impact of export sophistication on export efficiency and potential and calculate trade efficiency and potential. Findings – The results reveal a growing trend in the structure of global and RCEP countries’ agricultural export sophistication where the export sophistication of the target countries positively impacts Korea’s agricultural exports to those nations. In addition, RCEP member countries accounted for 50% of the top ten countries in the 2020 trade efficiency ranking, and the average trade efficiency of RCEP member countries show an upward trend. Originality/value - South Korea is geographically close to most RCEP countries, which facilitates agricultural trade. Moreover, there are significant differences in climate conditions and resource endowments between South Korea and most RCEP countries, providing opportunities for expanding agricultural trade with these nations. This study contributes to the extant literature by further exploring the trade efficiency and potential of Korea’s agricultural exports to RCEP countries by considering export sophistication as an important potential factor affecting the competitiveness of Korea’s agricultural exports and analyzing the relationship between the structure of export sophistication and the trade efficiency of Korea’s agricultural product exports to RCEP members.

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Lee, Eun-Jae, Seo-Young Lee, and Yun-Kwan Lee. "A Study on the Impact of the Export-Import Bank of Korea's Official Export Finance Support on Exports." Korea International Trade Research Institute 19, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.3.202306.263.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of official export finance supported by the Export-Import Bank of Korea on Korea's exports. In particular, in order to differentiate from previous studies, the detailed size, as well as the long-term and short-term effects of export financing support on exports, were analyzed. Design/Methodology/Approach – In this analysis, an Export Demand Function Model was introduced. Prior to the empirical analysis, a unit root test and cointegration test were conducted. As a result of the pretest, it was found that the variables included in the analysis were I (1), and the cointegration vector did not exist. Based on these results, a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was established. Findings – As a result of estimating the impulse response function, it was found that when an official export finance shock was applied, exports gradually increased from the time of the shock to the third period, and then the increase slowed and converged to zero. As a result of the variance decomposition analysis, the export financing support amount began to show explanatory power in export fluctuations from the second period, and showed about 2.5% explanatory power from the third to the tenth period. Research Implications – It was confirmed that export finance provided to exporting companies plays an important role in helping to promote exports. Therefore, the government and financial institutions should support exporting companies by providing active export financing support, along with export promotion policies.

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Puspitasari, Normalita, Rahma Nurjanah, and Candra Mustika. "Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor minyak nabati di Provinsi Jambi." e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v6i2.9749.

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This study aims to determine the effect of export prices, exchange rates, and economic growth on vegetable oil exports in Jambi Province, where this research was conducted for 18 years, starting from the period 2000-2018. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Partial testing using statistical t-test and testing using the F statistic test. In addition, the classical assumption test was also carried out where the test was carried out using the Eviews 8 software. The results obtained showed that export prices, exchange rates, and economic growth together had a significant effect on the export of vegetable oil in Jambi Province. Meanwhile, partially export prices and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on exports of edible oils in Jambi Province. Meanwhile, economic growth has a positive and insignificant effect on the export of vegetable oil in Jambi Province. Keywords: Vegetable oil exports, The value of vegetable oil exports, Export prices, Exchange rates, Economic growth

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Ahmed, Hamna, and Naved Hamid. "Patterns of Export Diversification: Evidence from Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 19, Special Edition (September 1, 2014): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2014.v19.isp.a13.

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This paper examines historical trends in the diversification of exports in Pakistan, using the Hirschman index to quantify the degree of export diversification. We analyze the structure of exports through the lens of ‘traditionality,’ for which we construct industry-specific, average cumulative export experience functions, i.e., a traditionality index of all 2-digit export industries in Pakistan from 1972 to 2012. This is useful in distinguishing between traditional and nontraditional export industries. We also study the degree of structural change in the export sector since 1972 by recalculating the traditionality index based on five-year interval periods. The cross-industry variance of this index is then used to calculate the structural change index. Periods for which the index values are low are interpreted as periods during which the export industries experienced uniform patterns of export growth (and thereby no structural change). Periods for which the index values are high are interpreted as periods during which the export industries experienced varied patterns of growth, thus undergoing structural change. Finally, we explore the determinants of structural change in exports by looking at variables such as GDP growth, export growth, the real exchange rate, the growth rate of world trade, trade liberalization, and the degree of product concentration in the country’s export base.

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Mammadli, Nigar. "Foreign investments and the analysis of their significance in the country's economy." Scientific Bulletin 2 (2019): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/pgkf3131.

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The aim of this research is to identify Azerbaijan's role in the investment export process and identify development directions. The objectives of the research are:  Defining the process of capital export development;  To study the features of capital export in different countries;  Identify the role of capital exports in the context of the need for development in the non-oil sector;  Determine the prospects for the implementation of capital exports in Azerbaijan. The scientific innovation of the research is the development that Azerbaijan will provide as a capital-exporting country. The scientific novelty of the case is:  Features of capital export in different countries were studied;  Analyzed the process of capital export in Azerbaijan;  New tendencies in the area of capital export were studied in Azerbaijan;  Defined the role of capital exports in the context of the need to develop the non-oil sector;  Perspectives on the realization of capital export in Azerbaijan are defined.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Export'

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