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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Export'
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1
Fischer, Jakub. "Projekty exportní strategie České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9388.
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The thesis focuses on twelve main Export Strategy projects of the Czech Republic during the years 2006-2010. The main objective is to analyse current degree of their realisation and suggest possible changes. The theoretical part concentrates on pro-export policy including institutional background. In the practical part the projects are analysed. Each project (chapter) is then divided into three parts - introduction of a project, its assessment by the Ministry of Industry and Trade and current assessment by the author. Each chapter also includes suggestions of corrective instruments.
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Staňková, Petra. "Analýza nástrojů proexportní politiky ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75595.
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The thesis focuses on the export promotion policy of the Czech Republic with special emphasis on an Export hot-line, which represents one of the projects of the current export strategy. The Export hot-line was established 4 years ago to inform Czech exporters about state export promotion. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse and evaluate present functioning of this project. The thesis also presents own suggestions and corrective instruments to improve provided services and overall functioning of the project.
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Dolejší, Martin. "Vývoj proexportní politiky ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199765.
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The topic of the thesis is concentrated on the export policies of the Czech Republic and its governmental institutions that have implemented these policies. The thesis deals with this issue since 1918 to the present, with the focus on the last 10 years. The aim of the thesis is to compare given policies and analyze policies' impacts on Czech export. The policies are scored by chosen indicators that evaluate the effects on whole Czech economy as well.
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Tomišková, Dominika. "Exportní politika ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16454.
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This thesis focuses on export policy of the Czech Republic, on the importance of export, on the institutions that provide support for exporters and instruments they use for this support. The thesis presents also Export strategy of the Czech republic for years 2006-2010 and report on fulfilment of the Strategy in year 2009.
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Faltusová, Ludmila. "Česká ekonomická diplomacie jako podpora exportu do Německa." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193022.
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The thesis deals with the Czech economic diplomacy. The aim is to assess the role of the Czech economic diplomacy, especially in terms of support of the foreign trade with Germany. The thesis is divided into five chapters, the first chapter contains the theoretical notion, the second chapter deals with the development of economic diplomacy in the Czech Republic from 1989 until today, the third chapter describes current model of the Czech economic diplomacy. The fourth chapter examine Czech network of export promotion in Germany and the fifth chapter is devoted to case studies of two Czech export companies.
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Haviar, Alexander. "Proexportná politika ČR v rokoch 2006 až 2010." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4083.
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Práca popisuje systém podpory exportu v ČR a predstavuje novú exportnú stratégiu pre obdobie 2006 - 2010. Detailne rozoberá a hodnotí nástroje podpory exportu, inštitúcie do proexportnej politiky zapojené a porovnáva ich s podobnými systémami na Slovensku a vo Veľkej Británii. V záverečnej časti obsahuje úvahu o budúcnosti a perspektívach proexportnej politiky a jednotlivých nástrojov osobitne.
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Šoltésová, Katarína. "Finančné nástroje podpory exportu v Českej republike a v Taliansku a ich komparácia." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76703.
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The state financial support of export is a part of the general economic policy of many countries. The thesis describes and compares systems of state financial support of export which are provided in the Czech republic and Italy, presented by specialized institutions (Česká exportní banka, Exportní garanční a pojišťovací společnost, Societa Italiana per le Imprese all' Estero, Istituto per i Servizi Assicurativi del Commercio Estero) and export strategies of both countries. Different aspects of comparison are the campaign and accessability of information, the institutional comparison and the pro-export strategies one. It is important to have well-structured and institutionally secured system of the state export support. The global crisis was an impulse for both countries to provide even more effective help to their international trade entrepreneurs.
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Oliveira, Joao. "Export marketing adaptation and export performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17457.
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Identifying the antecedents of export performance is critical for researchers, due to the many benefits of exporting for firms and nations. Many researchers have, thus, devoted their research efforts to identifying export performance antecedents. Export marketing adaptation and firm level export market orientation (or EMO) have emerged as two critical export performance predictors. However, two important research questions remain unexamined. The first is whether firms ought to pursue heterogeneous levels of marketing adaptation across ventures in order to boost venture performance, and whether the answer to this question is contingent upon internal firm resources which support adaptation (namely EMO) and upon the environments faced across ventures. The second question concerns what the total amount (i.e. quantity) of export marketing adaptation firms should undertake in order to boost firm export performance is, and whether the answer to this question depends on internal firm resources supporting adaptation (more specifically, EMO) and on the overall export environments faced by firms. Underpinned by a contingent approach to the study of business performance, this study set out to answer to such questions, via developing and testing two conceptual models. The models were tested using data collected from British exporting companies. The findings of the first model indicate that marketing adaptation across ventures becomes increasingly beneficial for venture performance (directly in the case of sales performance and indirectly in the case of profit performance) as EMO rises and as the levels of environmental differences across ventures increase. Results of the second model suggest that, under greater levels of EMO, firm export sales performance attains its highest values when the firm practices either very low or very high levels of marketing adaptation quantity. Also, under greater levels of EMO, firm export sales performance is increasingly reduced the more the firm deviates from extreme (low/high) marketing adaptation quantities. Additionally, as the firm s export environments become more heterogeneous, the firm benefits increasingly more from pursuing either very low or very high marketing adaptation quantity levels (with sales performance being maximized when the firm pursues very high levels of marketing adaptation quantity), and the reductions in firm export sales performance accruing from undertaking intermediate marleting adaptation quantity levels are increasingly higher. Findings also suggest that enhancing marketing adaptation quantity is beneficial for firm export profit performance up to an optimal point. The returns brought by additional increments in marketing adaptation quantity are increasingly smaller as marketing adaptation quantity increases. Beyond an optimal point, additional increments in marketing adaptation quantity diminish firm export profit performance. The marketing adaptation quantity-firm export profit performance link was not found to be moderated directly neither by EMO nor by firm export environmental differences. EMO was found to have a positive impact on firm export sales and profit performance.
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Neradová, Hana. "Exportní politika České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74035.
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The aim of this thesis is to introduce export policy of the Czech Republic, the institutions, which offer support to exporters and to describe their services. One of the chapters focuses on The Export strategy of the Czech Republic for years 2006-2010, its projects and fulfilment in year 2010. The end of this thesis includes some possible improvements in system of the export support.
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Pýcha, Mikuláš. "Existence EGAP pohledem tržních a státních selhání (přínosy a náklady EGAP z pohledu České republiky)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360167.
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Diploma thesis focuses on an issue regarding the state interventions into market economy and provides the explanation, how does different economic ideas approach this issue and whether they support or deny the state interventions. It focuses in detail on support that is provided towards exporting companies. Czech Republic has two export credit agencies, firstly Export Guarantee and Insurance Corporation (EGAP) and secondly Czech Export Bank (CEB). This diploma thesis analyses only EGAP´s structure and quantifies the impact of its existence on Czech economy. In a first part we analyze historical evolution of ideologies that deals with state interventions and market failures in connection with support for exporters. It continues by description how international institutions like WTO or OECD work. Rules for export credit agencies, which summarize Consensus OECD, are closely analyzed. From this point forward the practical part begins to focus on EGAP´s structure. Firstly we describe the mechanism of support through the specific insurance products for exporters, following by analysis of uncommon structure of premium rate. The diploma thesis presents EGAP´s different approach in areas of regulation, structure of shareholders and uncommon risks insuring from regular commercial insurance company. In the last part we describe the procedure of evaluating the output of EGAP´s support for its whole existence. The analysis measures the profits and losses in related areas that were supported by EGAP´s insurance products. Mainly these areas are following: Accumulated loss of EGAP, The amount of profit amongst supported exporters, The amount of profit amongst financing banks and in the end the analysis of the positive impact on the unemployment in Czech Republic. The result should show, how convenient is for government to possess such an institution, especially nowadays when all developed countries do own similar institutions.
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Che, Loveline. "Cameroon's export performance : the role of infrastructure, output activity and export prices on Cameroon's cocoa and coffee exports." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5770.
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Boso, Nathaniel. "Export entrepreneurial-oriented behaviour and export performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8226.
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Predicting export performance remains an important issue at the heart of export research and management. This is because of the primary role of exporting to ensuring the profitability, growth and survival of firms. Given these and other benefits that firms stand to gain (and the challenges that firms face) for their active engagement in exporting, scholars have exerted efforts into explaining the causes of export success. Export marketing strategy, firm characteristics, capabilities and firms' orientations towards export markets are some the variables studied. Firms' entrepreneurial orientation towards export markets has been one important variable that has captured the attention of researchers. This study is an attempt to introduce an export context-specific entrepreneurial-oriented behaviour (or export EOB) to the study of antecedents of export performance. A theoretical model involving the relationship between export EOB (and its dimensions) and export performance is, therefore, developed and empirically tested using data from 212 exporting organisations. Findings suggest that firms' overall level of export EOB is a major driver of export success. The study further establishes that a high level of market-oriented behaviour in exporting organisations can help firms to derive stronger benefits from their entrepreneurial activities. At the specific level of the export EOB components, results suggest that development of novel product innovations, high export risk-taking, and strong proactive and competitively aggressive behaviours can help exporting organisations to improve their performance. However, product innovation intensity and autonomy are negatively related to export performance, suggesting that high levels of these two behaviours might lead to poor export performance. Nevertheless, further analysis shows that the negative association between product innovation intensity and export performance becomes positive when moderated by product innovation novelty. In addition, the study shows that autonomy has indirect positive association with export performance through interaction with proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness. In other words, autonomy facilitates the effectiveness of proactive and competitive aggressive behaviours. Further analyses of moderating effect relationships reveal mixed results. Specifically, the study finds that export market orientation positively moderates the link between production innovation intensity and export performance. In addition, export customer dynamism positively moderates the association of product innovation novelty and risk-taking with export performance. On the contrary, export customer dynamism negatively moderates the link between product innovation intensity and export performance. Theoretical, export managerial and policy implications of these findings are discussed and useful areas for future research are proposed.
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Obadia, Claude, and Barbara Stöttinger. "Pricing to manage export channel relationships." Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.08.005.
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In a novel approach using agency theory, we conceptualize export pricing as price manipulations an exporter initiates to cope with the distributor-level, internal competition with the other product lines the distributor carries. We argue that suppliers can influence foreign resellers' behaviors and therefore manage export channel relationships with prices. Using a sample of 283 exporter-importer relationships, we uncover the export price manipulations used to cope with internal competition, and we examine their impact on the exporter economic performance. We show that the performance effect of this pricing policy is achieved through the adequate role performance of the importer. Moreover, using a small but rare dyadic data set, we offer an additional test of the effectiveness of this form of pricing. Finally, by comparing the results of our study to exporters' practice we show how they tend to overuse price discounts to motivate their overseas distributors. (authors' abstract)
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Hrubá, Marie. "Srovnání systémů podpory exportu v České republice a v Německu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9423.
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First part deals with different schools of economics, their characteristics and approaches towards international trade and export support. Second part deals with the system of international trade, its organization and related obligations. Third part deals with the Czech Republic, its foreign trade, history of export support and current system of export support. Fourth part deals with Germany, its foreign trade, history of export support and current system of export support. In last part is conducted comparison of both systems of export supports.
15
Simon, Thomas. "Full Export." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3122.
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Lišková, Alena. "Podpora exportu v České republice a její vyhodnocení." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-256778.
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This diploma thesis describes the support of exports in the Czech Republic and the current state of the export policy. First section of the thesis includes a literature review that outlines the basic facts concerning the issue of foreign trade, it's statistics, degree of openness of the economy and commodity and territorial structure. In the chapter called 'export policy' it also lists state and private institutions and entities providing export support.
The practical section discusses Export Strategy 2012 - 2020, its main objectives and visions and the basic pillars, which outline the individual project cards to the objectives of the strategy. Also detailed is the fulfilment of the Export Strategy for 2015 and the current problems in the Czech export market. Assessment of the problematic is to be found in the conclusion.
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Proch, Dominik. "Perspektivy zahraničního obchodu ČR s Indií a formy jeho podpory." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262205.
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In the diploma thesis, author focuses on the state of the Indian economy and the position of India in the foreign trade of the Czech Republic. Firstly, local specifics and current changes (after 2014 elections) are outlined. Afterwards, an analysis of the India's position in international relations, its foreign trade relations and the intensity of mutual trade with the Czech Republic is propounded. The third chapter deals with the Czech system of trade promotion, including a description of its institutional structure and relation to the Czech export destined to India. In the last part of the thesis, author provides readers with a case study of selected Czech companies operating in the Indian market. The aim is to evaluate the possibilities and limits of bilateral trade and investment exchange promotion.
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Korobilis-Magas, Evagelos. "Symbolic uses of export information : implications for export performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8390.
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As export competition becomes more intense and export success vital for survival (Katsikeas, 1994), so the effective processing and use of information regarding the international environment becomes a critical prerequisite for gaining competitive advantage (Leonidou and Theodosiou, 2004). Symbolic use of information is one type of information use, which although relatively underexplored to date, may be the most prevalent form of information use within organisations – especially in an export setting (Beyer and Trice, 1982). Symbolic use occurs when information is used for purposes other than the ones which led to its collection (Menon and Varadarajan, 1992). Symbolic use of information has been conceptualised as a multi-dimensional construct encompassing various dimensions (Vyas and Souchon, 2003). Examples include “exporters that engage in distorting market research findings, taking conclusions out of context, disclosing only the findings that confirm an executive‟s predetermined position or consciously ignoring information” (Toften and Olsen, 2004, p. 106). Symbolic use can also legitimate decisions reached on the basis of intuition or managerial assumptions (Vyas and Souchon, 2003). Although conceptual propositions of the potential relationship between each of the symbolic use dimensions and performance exist (Vyas and Souchon 2003), no empirical research has yet been undertaken. As a result, little is known about how and why symbolic use of export information may affect export performance, and under what circumstances. Furthermore, reliable and valid measures for each one of the symbolic use dimensions are absent in the literature. The purpose of this thesis is to fill in these research gaps. In so doing, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods is employed. The exploratory phase takes the form of in depth interviews with export decision makers in the UK. The data collected in this exploratory phase are analysed through the use of within-case and cross-case displays as per Miles and Huberman (1994) and are used not just for hypothesis development, but also to identify potential outcomes of using information symbolically in specific ways and to create pools of items for the development of measures of symbolic use. (Continues...).
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Li, Min. "Determinants of the export channel selection and export performance." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12571/.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore how firms can make better use of channel selections to create value from their organisational capabilities, such as product development capabilities (PDC), in export operations by considering the role of resource-based factors such as entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and institutional factors such as cultural-cognitive institutional distance (CCID). Through a systematic review of the contemporary empirical studies on export channel selection, it is found that although previous studies have made advancements in improving our understanding of export channel selection using a variety of theoretical bases, this domain is still immature, in that significant theoretical and methodological gaps exist. Based on this review, the author then carries out an empirical study to explore PDC as the determinant of export channel selection and export performance to address the gaps in current export channel research, integrating resource-based view and institutional theory. Using the data collected from multiple respondents of 294 Chinese export firms, the study finds that firms with higher levels of PDC are more likely to select the hierarchical channel. In addition, the possession of EO negatively moderates the propensity of high PDC-firms to select the hierarchical channel. The study has also found that the moderating effect of EO on PDC-channel selection becomes stronger when the CCID between the home and export market increases, and that the alignment between PDC, EO, CCID, and channel selection can help firms to achieve better export performance. This thesis contributes to the literature by extending the application of RBV and institutional theory in export channel selection, and adds knowledge to the roles of PDC, EO, and CCID in helping firms to achieve better performance in export markets by means of export channel selection.
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Perez, Elizabeth D. "The Export Administration Act of 1979 and computer exports to China." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FPerez.pdf.
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Potácelová, Věra. "Analýza úvěrové podpory poskytované ČEB." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11206.
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Export promotion via officially supported export credits and insurance is relatively widespread around the world. The thesis describes activity of Czech Export Bank (CEB) and mentions also its legal framework in Czech system of export promotion. Text contains pros and cons of export promotion. The main part of the thesis is panel data analysis using gravity equation. This panel data involves 130 countries in period of 1996 -- 2008 with data on export, export promotion, GDP, political risk and other variables. There is investigated impact of activities of CEB on Czech export using 2 gravity models (static and dynamic). In these models export promotion is significant factor with positive impact on Czech export.
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Setváková, Kristýna. "Analýza vývoje aktivit agentury Czech Trade na vybraných trzích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9399.
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Final thesis Analysis of CzechTrade export agency is describing development of first Czech export agency. It analyses chronological development of provided services from year of establishment to nowadays. Financial and other data have been analyzed as well. International offices of CzechTrade are generally described and description of four of them is more detailed. Those countries are France, Netherlands, Belgium and Austria.
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Och, Nathan Ronald. "The Effect of Export Promotion Programs on Establishing Export Markets." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29631.
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There is a pattern of growth throughout agribusiness in North Dakota in which agricultural products ranging from commodities to machinery have all seen growth since 2000. Exports have contributed to most of this production increase. Agribusinesses across North Dakota are exporting to many areas of the world. With the help of the North Dakota Trade Organization (NDTO) many companies have developed trading relationships with clients in other nations. The purpose of this research is to measure the value of NDTO export promotion on North Dakota agribusiness [through the use of marketing, export programs, and counseling]. If the data supports the use of the NDTO, firms may be encouraged to use the services provided by the NDTO when export issues arise. This thesis uses a Tobit left censored model to bring the data together to produce empirical results which can be associated with the NDTO and its impact on a firm's total exports. Firm-level export promotion was found to be insignificant. However, small and
medium firms were shown to benefit from the use of the NDTO through an average increase in 2008 export revenue of about $16,095 and $269,317, respectively. Furthermore, this is a $6.44 and a $107.73 return on dollar investment for small and medium firms investing in the services of the NDTO, respectively.
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Hastík, Jan. "Vliv světové hospodářské krize na export ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75176.
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The submitted master's thesis analyzes the impact of the global economic crisis on the Czech economy and export of the Czech republic. On the basis of statistical data thesis examines the evolution of basic macroeconomic indicators in the period before the crisis and during an economic downturn, which characterizes the current economy situation in the Czech republic. The work depicts the changes in the state support for exports, the government taken measures and shortcomings in our export policy. The main aim of the work -- in addition to analysis and forecasts of economic developments of the Czech republic -- are recommendations for the creation of New export strategy, evaluation the business environment for Czech export companies, including the main measures to increase competitiveness of the Czech economy.
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NGUYEN, Hang Thi Thu. "Export Structure of ASEAN-4 and Contributions of Exports to Economic Growth." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10588.
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Spence, Martine M. "Evaluating export promotion programmes : UK overseas trade missions and export performance." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6566/.
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Exporters generally agree that, in spite of communication technology, visiting foreign markets remains a necessity to acquire relevant information and to expand overseas business. For TJK exporters, these visits can be made either on an individual basis or by joining collective overseas trade missions organised by Chambers of Commerce or Trade Associations. Trade missions are part of the subsidised Export Promotion Programmes offered by the UK government to encourage SMEs to expand into foreign markets. Due to their small size, their lack of resources, and their managerial style, SMEs need external assistance to overcome the risks of internationalisation. This thesis focuses on the evaluation of a specific Export Promotion Programme, the overseas trade missions organised primarily for SMEs by the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The present research investigates more specifically the factors that have an impact on trade mission outcomes and the influence on export performance of the acquisition of experiential knowledge through trade mission participation. This research intends to fill the gap that exists in the export literature regarding the evaluation of overseas trade missions. Trade missions have been used by exporting SMEs to facilitate their entries into remote markets. Little knowledge is available on the contribution of trade mission participation to SMEs' export performance or on the factors that are most likely to influence trade mission outcomes. In light of an increasing number of governments' trade and budget deficits and the importance of the SMEs sector in a country's economy, there is a need for a systematic evaluation of government subsidised programmes and their influence on subsequent trade patterns. One hundred and ninety SMEs participating in twelve trade missions organised by the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry were surveyed in 1996 and 1997, using a longitudinal design. The executives participating in the trade missions received a first questionnaire upon their return from the visits and a second one six months later to assess changes in behaviour and trade patterns as well as knowledge acquired during the period. The findings show that SMEs that follow a diversification export strategy and that acquire specific knowledge about the targeted markets prior to the trade missions are more likely to generate outcomes during the trade missions. This study also demonstrates that trade mission participation is instrumental in gaining a thorough understanding of overseas markets and in contributing positively to the relationship building process between foreign buyers and sellers. Following the trade missions, generation of incremental sales in the targeted markets is facilitated by keeping in close contact with customers and agents and by paying them regular visits. These findings point to the fact that successful exporting SMEs are characterised by being learning organisations where the acquisition and transfer of knowledge is facilitated within the firms themselves and between firms which are part of their business network. SMEs' export-orientation is enhanced by cross-cultural awareness, international negotiation, and foreign languages skills. This acquisition of export knowledge and skills could be encouraged by close cooperation between SMEs, the public sector and educational institutions. The primary contribution of this thesis is the development of a framework showing the interrelationships between firms' specific characteristics, trade mission participation, and export performance over time. The findings also provide a thorough understanding of the trade mission process, which could be used profitably by policy makers, trade mission managers, and export managers to increase their effectiveness in the design, organisation, and use of international trade promotion schemes.
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PEREIRA, BEATRIZ HELENA KURY COSTA. "THREE ESSAYS ON EXPORT PROMOTION SERVICES AND SYSTEMS: OVERCOMING EXPORT BARRIERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34884@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
O comércio exterior garante benefícios significativos para as nações, tanto do ponto de vista macroeconômico quanto microeconômico. Do ponto de vista macroeconômico, as exportações possibilitam o aumento das reservas cambiais e geram oportunidades de emprego proporcionando, consequentemente, melhores condições de vida. Do ponto de vista microeconômico, as exportações estimulam o desenvolvimento de vantagens competitivas, reduzindo a capacidade ociosa, elevando os padrões tecnológicos, potencializando a lucratividade, intensificando o retorno sobre os investimentos e reforçando a grandeza financeira das empresas. O desempenho das exportações das PMEs é particularmente de extrema importância, uma vez que elas são responsáveis por uma parcela significativa das atividades econômicas e podem ampliar substancialmente o resultado das exportações no nível agregado. No entanto, barreiras à exportação e falhas de mercado tendem a afetar sua capacidade de acesso aos recursos estratégicos necessários para garantir um processo de internacionalização bem-sucedido. Analisando pela ótica da Visão Baseada em Recursos (Resource Based View), a incapacidade das PMEs de obter sucesso em expandir-se internacionalmente devido à falta de recursos internos suficientes, know-how e informações sobre mercados estrangeiros, pode ser vista como uma condição de falha de mercado, endossando a participação do governo em iniciativas de promoção às exportações. A partir desse raciocínio e com base no conhecimento existente, o objetivo desta tese é contribuir para a investigação de serviços e sistemas de promoção às exportações em três ensaios. O primeiro ensaio, intitulado Serviços de Promoção às Exportações e Barreiras às Exportações da Firma: Há interação entre as duas literaturas?, visa examinar profundamente estas literaturas, apresentando, apresentando suas contribuições, lacunas e recomendações para estudos futuros. O segundo ensaio, intitulado Iniciativas de Promoção às Exportações junto a um Cluster, aborda o desenvolvimento de longo prazo de um cluster brasileiro de moda praia, utilizando o método do estudo de caso e focando especificamente nas tentativas de desenvolvimento de suas atividades exportadoras. Agentes de promoção às exportações tentaram introduzir novas práticas e atitudes em relação à cooperação entre empresas, mas não obtiveram sucesso. A questão fundamental, portanto, é buscar entender porque as empresas falharam em cooperar, apesar de várias iniciativas e investimentos realizados para promover ações coletivas. O artigo fornece algumas explicações possíveis que sugerem implicações para outros clusters brasileiros. Por fim, a conclusão fornece algumas recomendações para formuladores de políticas públicas sobre o desenho de programas de promoção às exportações. O terceiro e último ensaio, intitulado A Coordenação de Redes de Promoção às Exportações para as Indústrias Criativas, examina por meio do uso do método do estudo de caso, as diferentes abordagens adotadas por três países bem-sucedidos no apoio à internacionalização de suas indústrias criativas, a partir da perspectiva interorganizacional, com foco na coordenação de redes. O estudo fornece evidências empíricas de como diferentes abordagens, da centralização da rede de promoção às exportações à descentralização dos esforços de promoção, e de uma coordenação mais frouxa até uma mais rigorosa, podem ser usadas para promover as exportações de empresas pertencentes às indústrias criativas. Os resultados também sugerem que cada contexto pode exigir uma abordagem diferente para a coordenação das atividades das Instituições de Apoio ao Comércio Exterior. O grau de desenvolvimento econômico de cada país, os recursos disponíveis, a maturidade da indústria, bem como, questões culturais, podem desempenhar seu papel na determinação da abordagem mais adequada para cada país e setor.
Foreign trade provides significant benefits to nations from both macroeconomic and microeconomic perspectives. From a macroeconomic point of view, exports allow the increasing of foreign exchange reserves and generate employment opportunities, consequently leading to improved living standards. From a microeconomic perspective, exports stimulate the development of competitive advantages, reducing idle production capacity, raising technological standards, powering profitability, intensifying return on investments, and enhancing firms financial stature. SMEs export performance is particularly of utmost importance since they are responsible for a significant portion of economic activities and could amplify substantially exports outcome at the aggregate level. However, export barriers and market failures tend to affect their capacity to access strategic resources necessary to guarantee a successful internationalization process. From a resource-based perspective, the inability of SMEs to successfully expand abroad due to their lack of sufficient internal resources, know-how, and information about foreign markets may be seen as a condition of market failure, therefore endorsing government s participation in export promotion initiatives. In accordance with this rationale and building on the existing knowledge, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the investigation of export promotion services and systems in three essays. The first essay, entitled Export Promotion Services and Firm Export Barriers: Do These Literatures Interact?, – aims to thoroughly examine the two literatures, presenting their contributions, gaps, and recommendations for future studies. The second essay, entitled Export Promotion Initiatives in a Cluster, - approaches the long-term development of a Brazilian beachwear cluster, using the case method of investigation and focusing specifically on the attempts to develop exporting activities. Export promotion agents have tried to introduce new practices and attitudes toward cooperation among firms but failed to do so. The key issue, therefore, is to understand why the firms failed to cooperate, despite several initiatives and investments to promote collective actions. The paper advances some possible explanations, with implications to other Brazilian clusters. Finally, the conclusion advances some recommendations for public policymakers concerning the design of export promotion programs. The third and last essay, entitled The Coordination of Export Promotion Networks for the Creative Industries, examines through the use of the case method of investigation the different approaches adopted by three successful countries in supporting the internationalization of their creative industries, adopting an interorganizational perspective, focusing on network coordination. The study provides empirical evidence of how different approaches, from the centralization of an export promotion network to decentralization, and from loose coordination to tight, may be used to promote the exports of firms in the creative industries. The results also suggest that each context may require a different approach to the coordination of Trade Support Institutions activities. The degree of economic development of each country, the resources available, the maturity of the industry, as well as cultural issues, may play a role in determining which approach could be a better fit for each country and sector.
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Shamsuddoha, A. K. "Antecedents of firm export performance: the role of export promotion programs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16153/1/A._K._Shamsuddoha_Thesis.pdf.
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This study empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of export promotion programs (EPPs) on firm export performance. Government export promotion programs normally define the premise for successful exporting activities of the corporate sector and play a key role in stimulating international business activities of firms (Cavusgil and Michael, 1990; Marandu, 1995; Seringhaus and Rosson, 1990). While the extant literature on export performance mostly neglected EPPs as an antecedent of export performance, the literature on export promotion fails to relate it to export performance. A very few researchers in this area have focused on a direct relationship between EPPs and firm export performance, however, no study has investigated the effect of EPPs on other determinants of export performance toward establishing any indirect relation between EPPs and export performance. This study attempts to develop and test a comprehensive model of firm export performance that investigates how EPPs directly and indirectly influence firm export performance.
Theoretical foundations are drawn from internationalization process and resource-based theories as frameworks for the analysis of the study. The model integrates the use of EPPs, management perception of export market environment, export knowledge, export commitment, and export strategy that influence firm export performance and develops a number of hypotheses. Export promotion programs are classified into two categories according to their similarity of purpose- "market development", and "finance and guarantee" related programs. All other variables in the model are latent and are measured by a set of observed items. The model is tested on primary data obtained from a sample survey of exporting firms drawn from three major export oriented industries in Bangladesh. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques (in AMOS 5) are used to test the validity of the overall model and the relationship between variables hypothesized in the model. A two stage process is employed whereby the construct measurements are first evaluated, followed by an evaluation of the structural relationships.
Analysis of the structural relationships supports most of the hypothesized relationships. The dimensions of export promotion programs are found to positively impact overall export performance. The research findings demonstrate that the use of market development-related export promotion programs influence firm export performance directly as well as indirectly through management perception of the export market environment, export knowledge and commitment. However, finance and guarantee-related export promotion programs indirectly influence export performance through export commitment. The study provides a guideline for managers of firms suggesting how they can benefit from EPPs in improving their positive attitude towards the export market environment, building their knowledge and enhancing commitment to exporting for better success in their international operations. This study provides guidelines to policymakers in designing and targeting export promotion programs effectively. The study also contributes to the literature by examining the indirect impact of EPPs on firm export performance. Finally, the limitations of the study are considered and possible directions for further research outlined.
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Shamsuddoha, A. K. "Antecedents of firm export performance: the role of export promotion programs." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16153/.
Full textAbstract:
This study empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of export promotion programs (EPPs) on firm export performance. Government export promotion programs normally define the premise for successful exporting activities of the corporate sector and play a key role in stimulating international business activities of firms (Cavusgil and Michael, 1990; Marandu, 1995; Seringhaus and Rosson, 1990). While the extant literature on export performance mostly neglected EPPs as an antecedent of export performance, the literature on export promotion fails to relate it to export performance. A very few researchers in this area have focused on a direct relationship between EPPs and firm export performance, however, no study has investigated the effect of EPPs on other determinants of export performance toward establishing any indirect relation between EPPs and export performance. This study attempts to develop and test a comprehensive model of firm export performance that investigates how EPPs directly and indirectly influence firm export performance. Theoretical foundations are drawn from internationalization process and resource-based theories as frameworks for the analysis of the study. The model integrates the use of EPPs, management perception of export market environment, export knowledge, export commitment, and export strategy that influence firm export performance and develops a number of hypotheses. Export promotion programs are classified into two categories according to their similarity of purpose- "market development", and "finance and guarantee" related programs. All other variables in the model are latent and are measured by a set of observed items. The model is tested on primary data obtained from a sample survey of exporting firms drawn from three major export oriented industries in Bangladesh. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques (in AMOS 5) are used to test the validity of the overall model and the relationship between variables hypothesized in the model. A two stage process is employed whereby the construct measurements are first evaluated, followed by an evaluation of the structural relationships. Analysis of the structural relationships supports most of the hypothesized relationships. The dimensions of export promotion programs are found to positively impact overall export performance. The research findings demonstrate that the use of market development-related export promotion programs influence firm export performance directly as well as indirectly through management perception of the export market environment, export knowledge and commitment. However, finance and guarantee-related export promotion programs indirectly influence export performance through export commitment. The study provides a guideline for managers of firms suggesting how they can benefit from EPPs in improving their positive attitude towards the export market environment, building their knowledge and enhancing commitment to exporting for better success in their international operations. This study provides guidelines to policymakers in designing and targeting export promotion programs effectively. The study also contributes to the literature by examining the indirect impact of EPPs on firm export performance. Finally, the limitations of the study are considered and possible directions for further research outlined.
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Vašíčková, Lucie. "Analýza podpory exportu prostřednictvím exportních úvěrových agentur ve světě a v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192969.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to create a comprehensive description of the ECAs, to describe the way of working and the risks that the agency must take. ECAs have long history and are influenced by the many events that contribute to the current form of ECA. The last major event that affected the meaning of the ECA is the recent financial and economic crisis, thanks to which the agency gained an even stronger position than before. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis will be summarized information about export credit agencies gained from existing bibliography. There will be described various models of ECA, the types of provided services and the risks which are connected with process of granting loans in this part. The analytical part will be focused on a detailed description of the selected export credit agencies. There will be analyzed their way of working, structure, types of products and the impact of the aid. In the conclusion, a comparison is made of selected ECAs using selected indicators. There will be summary of results gained from analysis in the conclusion of the thesis.
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He, Xinming, Keith D. Brouthers, and Igor Filatotchev. "Resource-Based and Institutional Perspectives on Export Channel Selection and Export Performance." Sage, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206312445926.
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Exporting is a critically important strategy for firms to grow, yet research in this area has tended to ignore how firms can leverage resource-based capabilities to improve export performance. Building on the resource-based view and institutional theory, the authors develop a novel perspective to explain how a firm can improve export performance by aligning its export channel with its level of market orientation capabilities, contingent on the institutional distance between home and export markets. Using a unique database of Chinese exporters, the authors find that exporters with strong market orientation capabilities prefer hierarchical export channels, while those with weak market orientation capabilities prefer hybrid channels. The analysis also indicates that the institutional distance between China and the export market moderates this relation. Moreover, the authors find that aligning export channel choice with firm-level market orientation capabilities and institutional distance yields better export performance. (authors' abstract)
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Akyol, Ayse. "An investigation of export performance variations attributable to corporate export market orientation." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326999.
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This thesis documents a study of the dimensions of export market orientation associated with export performance. In particular, the research objective is to examine empirically the development and support of a corporate export market orientation and its successful implementation in Turkish clothing companies, as evidenced by successful export performance, and to investigate variations in export performance which may be related to export market orientation. In summary, this research aimed to explore the nature of market orientation in an international context by using empirical data from a sample of companies to examine some hypotheses regarding market orientation as applied to export operations in Turkish clothing industry. This aim was fulfilled by reliably and validly measuring the key constructs of export market orientation and finding statistically significant relationships between dependent and independent variables. The results of this thesis draw conclusions from an empirical investigation showing that the proposed relationship between export market orientation and export performance does exist, and in the case of Turkish clothing exporters, improving an export market orientation level is a significant contributor to the company's export performance. In order to explore the relationship between export market orientation and export performance, a two phase research design was adopted and conducted in the Turkish clothing industry. The sample for both stages were drawn from a listing of the member companies of the Turkish Textile and Apparel Exporters Association. This listing by the Association is complete and accurate because of the control which obligates exporters to register all their export actions. First, an exploratory phase was conducted in order to gain a clearer understanding of key issues. The stage 1 study was based on 103 responses received from a sample frame of 156 companies representing a 66 0/0 response rate. The primary objective of the first stage research was to develop a profile of the characteristics of the industry. Data generation was achieved through mail questionnaires and respondents were top managers of the selected companies. Second, the Cadogan, Diamantopoulos, and de Mortanges (1997) construct was used to test the hypothesis. The stage 2 study was based on 163 responses received from a sample frame of 384 companies representing a 43.47 % response rate. Data generation was achieved through mail questionnaires and respondents were again top managers of the selected companies. Results were analysed using the SPSS statistical analysis computer package. The findings, based on a sample of Turkish clothing exporters, show that the instrument developed by Cadogan, Diamantopoulos, and de Mortanges (1997) is reliable and exhibits content and convergent validity. Regression analysis found a significant effect of the level of export market orientation on dimensions of export performance. The positive relationship between export market orientation and dimensions of export performance indicated that a high level of export market orientation leads to a higher level of export performance and a low level of export market orientation produce a lower level of export performance. The research hypotheses are supported by the results of the study. The multidimensional operationalisation of export market orientation allowed the testing of the relationship between the dimensions of export market orientation with dimensions of export performance. Generally, there is a strong relationship between the dimensions of export market orientation and dimensions of export performance.
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Badinger, Harald, and Thomas Url. "Export Credit Guarantees and Export Performance: Evidence from Austrian Firm-level Data." Wiley, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12085.
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This paper provides an economic assessment of export credit guarantee commitments by the Austrian export credit agency, using firm-level data on a cross-section of 178 Austrian exporting firms for the year 2008. In a first step, we estimate the relative importance of various determinants of export guarantee usage. Results suggest that the most crucial determinants are: firm size, whether or not the firm is part of a multinational enterprise, exposure to revenue risk, and R&D intensity. In a second step, we investigate the effects of export guarantees on export performance. Identification is achieved by using as instruments the exogenous determinants of export guarantee usage identified in the first step. We find that there are economically and statistically significant effects of export credit guarantee usage on firm-specific export performance ranging from some 80 to 100 percent compared with the control group of non-users.
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Kitheka, Julius Mwaniki Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "Export information: an investigation into the use of sources of export information." Ottawa, 1994.
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Nesarul, Karim. "Export financing in Bangladesh: a study of export credit by financial institutions." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/566.
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Broll, Udo, and Kit Pong Wong. "Ambiguity and the Incentive to Export." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150499.
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This paper examines the optimal production and export decisions of an international firm facing exchange rate uncertainty when the firm's preferences exhibit smooth ambiguity aversion. Ambiguity is modeled by a second-order probability distribution that captures the firm's uncertainty about which of the subjective beliefs govern the exchange rate risk. Ambiguity preferences are modeled by the (second-order) expectation of a concave transformation of the (first-order) expected utility of profit conditional on each plausible subjective distribution of the exchange rate risk. Within this framework, we show that ambiguity has no impact on the firm's propensity to export to a foreign country. Ambiguity and ambiguity aversion, however, are shown to have adverse effect on the firm's incentive to export to the foreign country.
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Eriksson, Maria, and Malin Karlsson. "The Garment Export Boom : An analysis of Swedish exports of ready-made clothing." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1205.
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This essay is investigating the increasing Swedish garment export during the period 1997-2003. Despite a long-lasting national production decrease and stronger global competition Swedish designed clothing are exported at higher rates than ever. The hypothesis that this increase is due to increased trade and changed production stage specialization is investigated.
The theory used to investigate this is basic trade theory including Hecksher-Olin and New Trade theory with a focus on comparative advantage and specialization. This is completed with production theory that is particularly relevant for the garment industry: product and price competition, fashion cycles and vertical specialization.
Trade, production and labor data is analyzed according to this and the main results are based on the unit price development: exports had a much higher growth in unit prices than imports. This is indicating that Sweden has a revealed comparative advantage in capital intensive production stages, a fact further supported by high education levels and high production value per worker. The industry has chosen to focus on product competition rather than price competition and has managed to shorten its product cycles in order to better exploit the fashion
cycles. In some garment groups the image is more complex and one of the main theories of a design heavy garment such as jeans being the core of the success is revised. The export success is to a large extent due to an increasing specialization in the industry’s strong areas.
Den här uppsatsen undersöker tillväxten av Sveriges export i klädindustrin från 1997-2003. Trots att Sveriges klädproduktion har minskat i flera år och globalisationen tränger sig på så går svenska design plagg på högexport. Vår hypothes är att ökningen härstammar från ökad handel och specialisering i produktionsleden.
Teorier vi har använt för att undersöka fenomenet är grundläggande
handelsteorier så som Hecksher-Ohlin och New trade theory med fokus på
komperativa fördelar och specalisation. Vi har valt att komplettera med produktions theorier som vi känner är relevanta för klädindustrin: produkt och pris konkurrens, mode cykler och vertikal specialisering.
Handels-, produktions- och arbetskrafts- statistik har analyserats och
huvudresultaten är baserade på utvecklingen av enhetspris: exporten har en högre tillväxt i enhetspris än importen. Detta indikerar att Sverige har en uppenbar komperativ fördel i de kapitalintensiva produktionsleden, detta bekräftas ytterligare genom höga utbildningsnivåer och en hög produktion per arbetare. Den svenska klädindustrin har valt att fokusera mer på produktkonkurrens än priskonkurrens, den har också lyckats med att minska sina produktions cykler för att unyttja marknaden bättre. I en del grupper är bilden mer komplex och en av våra huvudteorier var att jeans stod för stora delar av exportsuccen, denna teori fick vi dock avfärda. Vad vi kom fram till var att stora delar av exportsucceen kommer ifrån en ökning av specialiseringen.
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Masakure, Oliver. "Export supply chains and small-scale producers in Africa : horticultural exports from Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412182.
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Neužilová, Ivana. "Vývoj proexportní politiky ČR od r. 1993 do současnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15950.
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Diploma thesis describes foundation and development of state support of international trade of the Czech Republic. First chapter is contributed to importance of international trade and reasons why states should support it. Second charter characterises system of international exchange during socialism and transformation to market economy. Third chapter, describing first half years 1990s, is devoted to institutions as EGAP, CzechInvest, Czech Centres and CzechTourism. Description and evaluation of above mentioned institutions is not limited by the year 1995. It is prolonged to nowadays for complexity of provided information and convenient orientation of reader. Foundation of Czech Export Bank in 1995 and of CzechTrade agency in 1997 are mentioned in fourth charter. The most recent stage of development being after 2000 year is described in charter number five.
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Larsson, Helena. "The democratic arms export." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341405.
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Arms export research has largely focused on the behaviour of superpowers or major powers, while arms export behaviour of small democracies has received little attention. By using a quantitative method, this paper explored whether democracy had any impact on the arms export behaviour of small democracies. The argument was that a good international social reputation, as responsible global actors, would cause indirect pressure on small democratic states to follow democratic norms, and therefore make them avoid arms export to autocracies. The findings did not support the argument of democratic norms to have a negative relation to arms export to autocratic regimes. Additionally, the findings indicate that economic wealth is positively correlated to arms export to autocratic regimes.
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Cumberbatch, Marcus G. "mRNA export and cancer." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13480/.
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Rizor, Stefan. "Extraterritoriality of export controls." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59838.
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This thesis provides an overview of the complex problems related to the extraterritoriality of export controls.In the last decades when trade became increasingly international, the tendency of governments to use trade embargoes as a political tool grew considerably. Since the effect of trade controls largely depends on the importance of the affected trade, the regulating State commonly interprets its jurisdiction in broad terms. Thus, the number of conflicts between countries concerning the extent of their jurisdiction increased. This thesis focuses on some pivotal cases and analyzes the different principles suggested to solve the problems.
Based on a territorial concept of sovereignty, it finally suggests a doctrine of evasion. The fundamental idea of the doctrine has already been applied in the tax laws of several countries. It is designed to close legislative loopholes.
It is believed that this doctrine, if applied, would strike an acceptable compromise between the interests of the parties concerned: the regulating State could evaluate the risks and costs involved in sanctioning other countries; the business community would be granted a higher degree of certainty in assessing the political risks involved in a commercial engagement with foreign partners and, finally, the sovereignty of foreign States would remain unimpeded.
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Tong, Koecklin Manuel. "Experimenting in export markets." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76655/.
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My thesis contributes to the firms and trade literature, both theoretically and empirically, focusing on the export participation strategy by firms in one particular market, introducing products sequentially. I illustrate differences in export dynamics between firms according to their experience in that destination, and move further in my analysis by exploring how fast that experimentation is. I am particularly interested in the influence of trade liberalisation, as well as differences between products in terms of production effciency. Chapters 3 and 4 present a two-period analysis on firms' sequential exporting strategy to a single destination. Chapter 3 shows theoretically, inspired by Albornoz et al. (2012), that new exporters in a market tend to grow faster in that destination than expert exporters, both at the intensive and extensive margin, across products; but those newcomers are also more prone to exit that business, while trade liberalisation, as well as the focus on \core competence" products, helps new exporters to remain in the market and continue experimenting. With a rich dataset of Peruvian export transactions to the USA market, Chapter 4 backs most predictions from the theory empirically. In Chapter 5, I go deeper into the sequential exporting strategy with a theoretical framework, based on Nguyen (2012), to explain how quickly exporters in one market move from one product to another. I find, supported by empirical evidence, that trade liberalisation accelerates firms' experimentation in that destination.
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Söderberg, Marie. "Japan's military export policy /." Stockholm : Universitet Stockholms, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35735315z.
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Benvenuti, Marco <1992>. "Export vinicolo in Cina." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16409.
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Pavlatovská, Lucie. "Řízení rizik exportního financování." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149844.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to propose and evaluate the political and credit risks management associated with the export of medical equipment to countries outside the European Union, including the short and long term analysis of financing options. Alternative solutions are based on well-known approaches of state organizations, which are experienced with the issue and commercial solutions offered by London Market in cooperation with the London insurance market. The main output is comparison of the proposed solutions and evaluation of the optimal solution according to the established criteria by Czech exporter.
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Jacobsson, Erik, and Jerker Granqvist. "Varför export? : En kvalitativ studie om norrländska företags väg genom pre-export processen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61893.
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Studien är skriven på uppdrag av Kubera konsult, som är ett konsult företag specialiserade på att hjälpa mindre och medelstora företag i Norrland att börja exportera.De senaste åren har export och import ökat i snabb takt och handeln i Sverige består idag av två tredjedelar av Sveriges bruttonationalprodukt. Trots de senare årens utbredning av den globala marknaden samt en allt mer utökad forskning inom internationalisering så finns det ännu väldigt lite fakta och studier om vad som påverkar vissa företag att börja exportera, medan andra med till synes samma förutsättningar väljer att avböja.Studiens syfte är att utvinna en ökad förståelse i vilka faktorer i pre-exportprocessen som påverkar att små och medelstora företag i Norrland slutligen väljer att exportera eller inte, samt vidare hur dessa påverkar företagets väg genom pre-export processen. Vårt mål med denna forskning är att den ska vara till kunskap åt norrlänska företag och organisationer inriktade på att utöka exportverksamheter inom olika områden.Vi har valt att applicera teorier kring områdena företaget, beslutsfattaren och stimuli. Där vi utifrån dessa delar jämför och granskar fyra företag som undersökt/undersöker möjligheten med export samt fem företag som aktivt bedriver export. Samtliga forskningsobjekt i studien är små och medelstora företag, grundade och stationerade i Norrland. Studien är till stora drag utformad utifrån en deduktiv ansats, där vi använt oss utav av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med semi-strukturerade intervjuer.Resultatet i denna forskning tyder på att både företaget, beslutfattaren och stimuli såväl gemensamt som var en för sig, har en påverkan på om ett företag väljer att exportera eller inte. Inom företaget är det främst målsättning, nationella expansioner samt lokalisering som påverkar företaget i deras pre-export. Studien visar även att beslutsfattarens psykologiska faktorer har en större betydelse än de icke-psykologiska faktorerna vid en eventuell export. När det kommer till stimuli har vi främst sett skillnader om den initierande stimuleringen kommer externt eller internt. Då det från studiens resultat kan tolkas att företag som till en början blir stimulerade från uppmärksamhetsframkallande faktorer inifrån företaget, vanligtvis anammar aggressivare pre-export strategier och därigenom fullbordar sin pre-export process snabbare.
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Peng, Junlei, and 彭俊磊. "Law and policy: PRC export restrictions underthe WTO compared with US export controls." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4852167X.
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Following China’s accession to the WTO, a series of trade frictions and issues on non-automatic export licensing have been triggered between the PRC and the US. Moreover, the US has launched a global campaign against the PRC by means of US re-export controls towards the PRC and WTO cases concerning PRC export restrictions on various minerals as raw materials. In practice, it has become increasingly important to resolve such disputes and issues in a WTO forum. However, relevant studies still seem to be quite limited.
This thesis undertakes comparative analyses as its cardinal methodology. The political economy of trade policy is applied as the basic analytical approach for policy analysis, while linguistic analysis and case study are used in the legal analysis. In addition, historical review, document study, participant observation and individual interviews are employed in both legal and policy study.
As the central argument of this thesis, under WTO law the inadequacies of PRC export restrictions need improving in order to facilitate trade; while the excessive national discretion of US export controls needs constraining in order to liberalise trade – both in the direction of consistency with WTO law. This central argument indicates the final conclusions of the comparisons among PRC export restrictions, US export controls and the related WTO law. As concluded, PRC export restrictions are weaker than US export controls in transparency, rationality and neutrality in legal principle, the “both and separately” legislative mode, regulatory authorities, openness of regulatory procedures and regulatory criteria, complicated regulatory instruments, and the objectivity, impartiality and promptness of the administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation procedures. The PRC needs to improve these aspects of its weaknesses in trade facilitation in order to comply with the relevant WTO disciplines. Compared with the PRC, the US has much policy discretion in its coherence with WTO law because US export control policy seems to be less influenced by GATT/WTO; the domestic effect of the WTO law has been dramatically weakened by opposing domestic political voices in the US; and the regulatory reasons for US export controls seem only to be partly and conditionally justifiable under WTO security exceptions. In these aspects, the US is advised to constrain its excessive national discretion in order to be consistent with WTO law and to liberalise trade.
As the central argument continues to claim, the aforesaid improvements in PRC export restrictions and US export controls may identify and correct the inconsistencies of both with WTO law, and provide solutions for Sino-US trade frictions and issues on non-automatic export licensing and for other issues and frictions in a US global campaign against the PRC in the WTO forum. This may contribute to the stabilisation of Sino-US trade relations and the world trading system. The relevant research gaps can also be filled, and a significant theoretical contribution to this research field can be made.published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Lages, Luis Filipe. "Export marketing standardisation and its influence on export performance : a structural model examination." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36369/.
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This dissertation aims to present an integrated approach to measuring and linking the variables involved in the 'export marketing standardisation-export performance' phenomenon. Drawing on the literature and primary data (exploratory study, main survey and follow-up interviews), twenty-three hypotheses are developed, simultaneously tested and discussed. Due to the magnitude of the valid sample (519 export market ventures), it was possible to use Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Weighted Least Squares (WLS) (Curran et al., 1996). At the measurement level, this thesis tests previous measures and presents new constructs for the key elements discussed in the literature. Fourteen constructs emerged across the following topics: degree of marketing programme standardisation, export performance, and internal and external forces. At the causality level, this research study suggests that both export marketing standardisation and export performance are simultaneously affected by internal and external forces. These simultaneous relationships have never been incorporated by past empirical research. More importantly, findings suggest that past performance plays a crucial role in the determination of current export marketing strategy. Export performance must be seen not only as an outcome, as traditionally discussed in the literature, but also as an antecedent of export marketing strategy. Future investigations are encouraged to incorporate these new research directions in the study of the 'export marketing strategy — export performance' relationship. Additional guidelines are provided to stimulate future discussion and research in the field. The literature and the findings are also used to generate a number of implications for managers and public policy makers.
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Gouws, Andre. "The determinants of South African exports critical policy implications /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04182005-141139.
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