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1
Adom, M., K. O. Fening, M. K. Billah, D. D. Wilson, W. Hevi, V. A. Clottey, F. Ansah-Amprofi, and A. Y. Bruce. "Pest status, bio-ecology and management of the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its implication for international trade." Bulletin of Entomological Research 111, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485320000358.
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AbstractThe false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an insect pest which represents an important threat to the production and marketing of a wide range of agricultural crops in the African-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP) countries. The FCM reduces not only the yield and quality of the crop but also as a quarantine insect pest, restricts the trade of susceptible agricultural produce on the international market. In addition, little research has been conducted in the ACP countries on the bio-ecology and sustainable management of this pest, especially on vegetables for export. Thus, action-oriented research aimed at understanding the bio-ecology of this important pest is essential to achieve effective management. Various management interventions against this pest have been used in some parts of the world, especially in South Africa on citrus. Currently, farm sanitation is regarded as the key management strategy. Exploring and improving on other interventions such as Sterile Insect Technique, monitoring and mass trapping of male moths, augmentative biological control, use of bio-pesticides, protected cultivation and cold treatment may help to mitigate the expansion of FCM into other countries, especially in the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization region where it has become a regulated insect pest since 2014. This review discussed the bio-ecology of FCM and highlighted some of the challenges and opportunities for its effective management and its implication for international trade, especially the export of chillies from the ACP countries into the European Union market which requires strict phytosanitary regulations.
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Oliach, Daniel, Enrico Vidale, Anton Brenko, Olivia Marois, Nicola Andrighetto, Kalliopi Stara, Juan Martínez de Aragón, Carlos Colinas, and José Antonio Bonet. "Truffle Market Evolution: An Application of the Delphi Method." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091174.
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Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the current situation of the truffle sector in the main producing countries of the Mediterranean area. Additionally, we identified the challenges for the future and the priority actions to develop the truffle sector in the region. Methods: We used a Delphi process approach, and we selected a total of 17 expert panelists in different positions within the supply chain of the target countries (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, and Greece). Results: The results obtained allowed us to have a complete description of the current truffle supply chain. We confirmed an evolution of the sector due to the cultivation success of several Tuber species. The maturity of the sector has produced shifts in the roles that form the traditional truffle supply chain operators. We confirmed the trend of a decrease of collectors that hunt truffles in the wild and sell to small travelling buyers, whilst truffle hunters that collect for farmers and specialty wholesalers are emerging. However, a trend of truffle price decrease in the last few years has alerted the sector. Conclusions: As production increases due to truffle cultivation, it will be necessary to promote truffle consumption. We identified actions to develop the truffle sector: (a) strengthen the link between truffles, tourism, and gastronomy; (b) increase the effort at European level for the recognition of truffle production, helping to develop truffle culture and marketing; (c) increase the awareness and consumption of truffles among consumers; and (d) develop tourism workshops for truffle farmers.
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Ngoc Y, Pham. "Export performance and export marketing strategy of Vietnam’s vegetable and fruit export firms." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 3, no. 3 (December 22, 2019): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v3i3.563.
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The paper aims at defining and measuring the relationship between export marketing strategy and export performance of vegetable and fruit export firms in the southern region and Lam Dong province by applying qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method is carried out through through in-depth interviews of 10 chief executive officers, while the quantitative one is conducted through direct interviews with 207 managers of vegetable and fruit companies. Export performance are measured by a non-financial/non-economic approach. The results show that firm’s export performance is under the direct influences by 4 components of export marketing strategy including: (1) Product strategy; (2) price strategy; (3) promotion strategy; (4) place strategy, these factors have a positive impact on export performance, regression coefficients at 1% significance level. The research results are the scientific basis for proposing administrative implications for fruit and vegetable exporters to improve export performance when adjusting the adaptation level of export marketing strategies.
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Chung, Henry F. L., and Tsuang Kuo. "When and how managerial ties matter in international competitive strategy, export financial and strategic performance framework." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 1/2 (February 12, 2018): 260–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2015-0305.
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Purpose This study aims to present two new contingent frameworks that hypothesize the moderation role of managerial ties (MTs) in the international competitive strategy-export financial and strategic performance framework. The purposes of this study are to explore whether a common standardized or individual customized conceptualization consisting of MTs, international competitive strategy and performance can be used to achieve export financial and strategic performance; to offer contingent factors for the current international competitive strategy-export performance framework; and to generalize the roles of MTs in the developed vis-à-vis developing region. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the experience of 114 exporting firms operating in the European Union region to test its theoretical frameworks. MTs include both business and political ties. Findings Business and political ties have completely different moderation effects on the relation between international differentiation/low-cost strategy and export financial/strategic performance. Business ties have a positive influence on the international differentiation strategy-export strategic performance and international low-cost strategy-export financial performance dyads, but a negative effect in the international low-cost strategy-export strategic performance framework. In contrast, political ties are revealed to have a negative effect on the international differentiation/low-cost strategy-export financial performance framework. Originality/value This research advances extant international competitive strategy-export performance literature by revealing the bright and dark sides of business ties and the down side of political ties in the framework. Performance should be investigated in terms of financial and strategic performance. The moderation effect of business ties is more complex than that reported in the developing region; thus, a cross-regional generalization on these ties’ effects is more difficult to establish. In contrast, the dark side effect of political ties is consistent across developed and developing regions; a cross-regional generalization on these ties is more viable. Collectively, the results show that a standardized process for achieving both export financial and export strategic performances is not feasible, while a customized process for each export performance is needed.
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Kayabasi, Aydin, and Thandiwe Mtetwa. "Impact of marketing effectiveness and capabilities, and export market orientation on export performance." European Business Review 28, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 532–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2014-0084.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between marketing effectiveness, marketing capabilities, export market orientation and export performance. Design/methodology/approach The research analyses whether export market orientation, marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities are antecedents of export performance with structural equation modelling. Data to test the model were obtained through a structured survey of 443 export companies operating in the Aegean region of Turkey. After explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, the structural model was tested. Findings The findings suggest that export market orientation has a significant impact on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness, and that marketing effectiveness has a significant impact on export performance. This indicates that export market orientation is central to the development of marketing capabilities, while marketing effectiveness contributes to explaining export performance. Research limitations/implications There are several limitations of the research. The first significant limitation is that the variables had various sub-dimensions. The second limitation is about sampling of the research that it is not specific to a particular sector. Practical implications This paper provides useful insights to exporters on market orientation, focal dimensions of marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities that would help them enhance their export performance. Originality/value Using the resource-based view, this paper contributes to the explanation for export performance by assessing the role of export market orientation behaviour on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness.
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Вотинов, A. Votinov, Афанасьев, and Valentin Afanasev. "Working Out Strategies for the Russian Vertically Integrated Oil Companies in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Region." Administration 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2820.
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The paper considers the major problems of integrating the RF oil companies in modern international
transport infrastructure of foreign oil and gas trade. Efficiency of diversification of export strategy and of
modernizing export capacities strategy are assessed as exemplified by the Rosneft company.
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Heo, Seong-Ho, and Jang-Woo Choi. "A Study on the Utilization and Performance of Online Export Marketing Support System for SMEs: A Focus on Daejeon, Sejong, and the Chungnam Provinces." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.227.
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Purpose This study identifies and investigates the online marketing support system of SMEs in Daejeon, Sejong, and Chungnam Provinces, South Korea, and present policy guidelines to improve the system by considering the operational conditions of the system and characteristics of the export entities. Design/Methodology/Approach This study was conducted to design a research model and find which core factors have influence on the performance of exporters of SMEs by reviewing previous studies and literature. Further, we examine an empirical research particularly targeting online based overseas marketing support systems. Findings Under the current social distancing situation caused by COVID-19, the online export marketing support system provided by the government and local agency have become more important. We verified that the characteristics and recognition of the support system had a significant impact on actual export performance by examining the current status of export SMEs in the region. We also confirmed that the use of the online export support marketing support system had positive effects on the export performance of SMEs. Research Implications In order for SMEs to achieve actual export performance, the government needs to continue to pay attention to and improve the online export marketing support system. In particular, programs implemented at each local government unit should be further customized and promote overseas orientation for corporate representatives, executives, and employees. Duplication between programs should be avoided and differentiated projects should be provided. This online export marketing system review provides empirical research on the use and performance of the government support system.
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Naka, Kozma, Brigitte A. Parsons, and A. L. (Tom) Hammett. "Hardwood lumber industry in the Appalachian region: Focus on exports." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85075-1.
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Exports can provide income, employment, and risk diversification. However, the decision to enter the export market requires commitment of sufficient managerial, economic and financial resources. A survey of 214 hardwood lumber mills across 10 states in the Appalachian region was conducted to assess motivation and differences between hardwood lumber exporters and non-exporters. The study examined marketing strategies, business practices, manufacturing equipment used, and exporting process. Business size was the most important criterion to determine the likelihood of export. Hardwood lumber exporters invested more money in equipment, manufactured larger amounts of higher quality lumber, and utilized more species that capture greater value in the marketplace. The findings of this study will help the Appalachian forest industry and government agencies to identify strategies that lead to export opportunities for hardwood lumber. Key words: lumber, lumber industry, lumber export, hardwood lumber, Appalachian region
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Noviati, Putri, Elva Nuraina, and Nur Wahyuning Sulistyowati. "PT INKA's Export Marketing Strategy Towards Competitive Advantage." SENTRALISASI 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/sl.v11i1.1512.
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This study aims to analyze PT INKA's export marketing strategy towards competitive advantage until 2018. Researchers use primary and secondary data sources with interview and documentation data collection techniques. The results of the study revealed that PT. INKA has: (1) Strength, very competitive pricing power and strong human resources, especially the marketing team, in addition to the influence of marketing assistance from the ambassador (RI for overseas); (2) Weaknesses in the export marketing strategy lie in production, one of which is engines and wheels which are still imported by China, which does not yet have the International Railway Industry Standard Certification (IRIS); (3) Opportunities, can make efforts to further strengthen the penetration of Indonesian companies in the African region; (4) Threats, to providers of facilities and infrastructure needs that must be obtained from imports from other countries, besides that competitors are afraid to dare to reduce interest costs or extend the tenor for the purchase of goods. The high taxes that must be issued for the delivery of goods are the biggest threat, this is confirmed by the informants.
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Braund, D. C., and G. R. Tsetskhladze. "The Export of Slaves from Colchis." Classical Quarterly 39, no. 1 (May 1989): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800040519.
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Polybius in a familiar passage, lists goods moving past Byzantium between the Mediterranean. world and the Black Sea region; among these goods, slaves are accorded a prominent place:…as regards necessities it is an unidsputed fact that the most plentiful supplies and best qualities of of cattle and slaves reach us from the countries lying round the Pontus, while among luxuries the same countries furnish us with an abundance of honey, wax and preserved fish; from the surplus of our countries they take olive-oil and every kind of wine. As for grain, there is give and-take – with them sometimes supplying us when we require it and sometimes importing it from us
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Otis, Thomas J. "THE U.S. CUCUMBER PROCESSING INDUSTRY STUDY: MARKETING POTENTIAL FOR CARIBBEAN EXPORT." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 606a—606. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.606a.
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The Caribbean has been considered as a potential region for the winter production of processing cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.). The industrial framework, transportation considerations, production costs, and marketing strategies are evaluated by utilizing pertinent studies, trade journals, and industry interviews. Three marketing strategies will be discussed; brined, fresh green stock, and attracting the processor to the region. Of these, producing fresh green stock has the greatest short term potential. This can be achieved through securing grower contracts and competitive backhaul rates, market proximity, and reduced production costs. These factors justify the Caribbean as a viable alternative to established areas for the export of cucumber products to the U.S. market during the winter season. The development of this market can be enhanced by improvements in the Caribbean transportation networks and stable governments.
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Radouane, Nabil, Said Ezrari, Zineb Belabess, Abdessalem Tahiri, Rachid Tahzima, Sebastien Massart, Haissam Jijakli, Meryem Benjelloun, and Rachid Lahlali. "Viruses of cucurbit crops: current status in the Mediterranean Region." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 493–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12340.
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Cucurbits are among the most cultivated crops, and the most economically important species are melon (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.). These crops have become important income sources providing export and local consumption commodities in many Mediterranean countries. Increased area of cucurbits has led to the emergence of several viral diseases, which can have impacts on crop production and threaten agricultural sustainability. An overview of the most damaging cucurbit viruses in the Mediterranean area is provided to improve understanding of the diseases they cause and to emphasize effective disease management strategies. An updating of the geographical distribution of these viruses, the symptoms they cause and their means of transmission is also provided. Disease management methods and measures by farmers and phytosanitary authorities to address the virus outbreaks are outlined, including diagnostics, use of tolerant cultivars, and chemical and biological vector control. Mediterranean region farmers have learned many lessons from the damaging pandemics caused by cucurbit viruses, through the extensive published research, and this review provides a basis for managing future outbreaks of newly emerging virus infections.
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Jun-Hyeong Im. "Export Marketing Strategy through the Analysis of Intra-Industry Trade in Gwangju Region." International Commerce and Information Review 15, no. 3 (September 2013): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.15.3.201309.25.
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Nazarmatova Burul Mukashovna, Ibraev Almaz Orozakunovich, and Ammar Younas. "PROPOSING KYRGYZ YURTS AS A MARKETING TOOL FOR KYRGYZ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy 1, no. 5(17) (June 1, 2018): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/01062018/5650.
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The objective of this analytical document in to propose an idea of protecting the ancient knowledge of Yurt craftmanship, to personalize it with Kyrgyzstan and to use Yurt as a brand for all the Kyrgyz manufactured products especially for the marketing of export quality agriculture products. This proposal calls for a state level intervention which can ensure that the agriculture products of export quality as of beans from Talas Region of Kyrgyzstan should be exported by using Yurt as a logo on its packing so that the international market could recognize its origin and Kyrgyzstan could get better marketing benefits from it.
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Laurens van Der Laan, H. "Marketing West Africa's Export Crops: Modern Boards and Colonial Trading Companies." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1987): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007576.
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The establishment of marketing boards in British West Africa in the 1940s was heralded at the time as a drastic, perhaps revolutionary change in the produce trade. The political implications were undoubtedly great: public enterprise (the marketing boards) had replaced private enterprise (a number of trading companies), and the ongoing debate on their relative merits made a colourful excursion to West Africa in the 1950s because this region offered a clear-cut case for comparison.1 The differences between the organisations were thus inevitably highlighted.
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Krichak, S. O., S. B. Feldstein, P. Alpert, S. Gualdi, E. Scoccimarro, and J. I. Yano. "Discussing the role of tropical and subtropical moisture sources in extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean region from a climate change perspective." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 6 (June 16, 2015): 3983–4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-3983-2015.
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Abstract. Extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean region during the cool season are strongly affected by the export of moist air from tropical and subtropical areas into the extratropics. The aim of this paper is to present a discussion of the major research efforts on this subject and to formulate a summary of our understanding of this phenomenon, along with its recent past trends from a climate change perspective. The issues addressed are: a discussion of several case studies; the origin of the air moisture and the important role of atmospheric rivers for fueling the events; the mechanism responsible for the intensity of precipitation during the events, and the possible role of global warming in recent past trends in extreme weather events over the Mediterranean region.
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Kuznetsova, N. A., A. V. Ilyina, and A. P. Korolkova. "Analysis of the state and development area of agricultural consumer cooperatives." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2020-10-32-34.
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The state and development area of agricultural consumer cooperatives at the federal and regional levels are analyzed. The experience of the export-oriented supply and marketing of Soyuz Cooperative (Saratov region) is discussed. Proposals for the development of agricultural cooperatives are provided.
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Kathuria, Lalit Mohan, and Raghbir Singh. "A Study of Export Marketing and Other Business Practices of Select Garment Exporters." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 2 (July 2005): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050205.
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The Apparel industry is one of the largest sources of foreign exchange in the country. India exported garments worth US$6.46 billion in 2003. With the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) phase-out coming to an end in December 2004, India could be the big winner after China. India has the potential to increase its share from US$6 billion to US$20 billion by 2010. The dismantling of the quota regime presents both an opportunity as well as threat. Export markets will no longer be restricted for want of quotas whereas there looms a threat also, because markets will no longer be guaranteed by quotas. There is a need to devise new strategies, thus moving from cost-based competition to time-based and value-based competition. This paper examines the export marketing and other business practices of apparel exporters situated in Delhi and Ludhiana region. It also highlights the areas which required immediate attention of the owners of the studied units. In addition, the paper identifies the strategies for garment exporters that will help them in increasing their export share.
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GOVİNDASAMY, Ramu, Albert Ayeni AYENİ, Kathleen M. KELLEY, James E. SİMON, William J. SCİARAPPA, Richard W. VAN VRANKEN, Peter NİTZSCHE, Brian SCHİLLİNG, Stephen J. KOMAR, and Surendran ARUMUGAM. "Ethnic crop consumption and marketing in the Eastern United States: Trends and prospects." Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1163714.
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The population demographics of the eastern U.S has changed in recent years with an increase in immigrants, particularly of Asian and Hispanic origins. This trend motivated the identification of foods preferred by these ethnic communities in 16 states in the region and Washington, D.C., focusing on greens and herbs. Over 100 ethnic greens and herbs were identified as being preferred food choices, from which 40 were selected for further study, representing 10 crops important to four ethnicities: Asian Indian, Chinese, Mexican, and Puerto Rico. Bulletin board focus group and telephone survey participants responded to questions regarding their consumption in 2010. The relevant information was collected to assess retail sales for each crop for each of the four ethnic groups. Results demonstrated that the ethnic crop demand in the eastern U.S is significant, and the prospects for future growth are promising as the population of ethnic consumers in the region is projected to continue to grow.
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Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub, Mandy Taktouk, Sally Naalbandian, Hassan Aguenaou, Nawal Al Hamad, Salima Almamary, Hend Ali Al-Tamimi, et al. "Sugar Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010055.
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This systematic review aims to identify and characterize existing national sugar reduction initiatives and strategies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. For this purpose, a systematic review of published and grey literature was performed. A comprehensive list of search terms in the title/abstract/keyword fields was used to cover the four following concepts (1) sugar, (2) reduction OR intake, (3) policy and (4) EMR countries. A total of 162 peer-reviewed documents were identified, until the 2nd of August 2022. The key characteristics of the identified national strategies/initiatives included the average sugar intake of each country’s population; sugar levels in food products/beverages; implementation strategies (taxation; elimination of subsidies; marketing regulation; reformulation; consumer education; labeling; interventions in public institution settings), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Twenty-one countries (95%) implemented at least one type of sugar reduction initiatives, the most common of which was consumer education (71%). The implemented fiscal policies included sugar subsidies’ elimination (fourteen countries; 67%) and taxation (thirteen countries 62%). Thirteen countries (62%) have implemented interventions in public institution settings, compared to twelve and ten countries that implemented food product reformulation and marketing regulation initiatives, respectively. Food labeling was the least implemented sugar reduction initiative (nine countries). Monitoring activities were conducted by four countries only and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Further action is needed to ensure that countries of the region strengthen their regulatory capacities and compliance monitoring of sugar reduction policy actions.
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Sraha, Gloria, Revti Raman Sharma, Dave Crick, and James M. Crick. "International experience, commitment, distribution adaptation and performance: a study of Ghanaian firms in B2B export markets." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 11 (April 20, 2020): 1715–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2019-0197.
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Purpose This study aims to contribute to the existing understanding of export practices in sub-Saharan African firms with a contextual focus on Ghanaian exporters operating in business-to-business (B2B) markets. Underpinned by resource-based theory and its association with the relational view, it examines how the interplay between various decision makers’ international experience, export commitment and distribution adaptation decisions influence firms’ performance. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed methods approach, using survey data from 116 internationalising Ghanaian businesses across three sectors, supplemented with qualitative insights from 18 follow-up interviews. Findings The study establishes a full mediation effect of export commitment on the association between international experience and export performance; also, the moderating effect of distribution adaptation on export commitment – performance relationships. Unique insights are provided into the perceived role of trustworthy, intermediaries as “stakeholders” that add to a respective firm’s resource base; that is, in building capabilities in overseas markets and informing evolving business model decisions to overcome potential export barriers. Originality/value The insights from sub-Saharan African firms provide contextual value given the relatively under-represented existing research from the region. Original insights highlight ways in which decision makers build capabilities and that they do not always follow a forward moving internationalisation process, so use different measures of performance regarding B2B product-market ventures over time.
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Latkina, V. A. "The European Union's Mediterranean Policy in the Context of the "Arab Spring"." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-139-149.
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The article discusses the policy of the European Union aimed at the export of its democratic values, acquis communautaire and governance models to the neighbour countries in the Southern Mediterranean. The process of Europeanization reflects a particular case of global megatrend -democratization which in its turn positioned as democracy promotion through soft power instruments. From the EU point of view the goal of the Barcelona process launched in 1995 was to construct Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and common identity in order to promote democratic transitions in Southern Mediterranean. While the EU Foreign Policy in the Mediterranean region was historically conditioned by the security interests of the European Union, it suffered from securitization/democratization dilemma. The article analyses the process of external Europeanization in the Southern Mediterranean as a regional dimension of global democratization process in the context of Union for the Mediterranean development before and after the Arab Spring and new approach in the framework of the ENP Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean. The article proposes that the lack of political strategic vision in the EU toward the Arab democratic transition during 2011-2013 narrows its role as a transformative democratic power, hinders Europeanization/ democratization process in the macro-region of North Africa and Middle East and presents the EU with a new dilemma - to continue its traditional democratization policy or to shift towards a more pragmatic approach to cooperating with new Arab regimes.
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Ramzi, Trabelsi. "Why Southern Mediterranean Countries Fail to Innovate?" Management and Economics Research Journal 01 (2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2015.01.197478.
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This article aims to analyze the factors that influence research investment in the Mediterranean region. We used a robust fixed-effect model to analyze a group of 22 countries in the period 20002012. The results showed that foreign direct investment (FDI), high technology export, human capital devoted to research, and intermediate and final production sectors are significant and stimulate the Southern innovative capacity. The private research and development (R&D) is a substitute for public R&D. The private returns exceed the social returns to R&D since Southern governments don’t invest too much like private firms in innovative activities. The role of foreign institutions and international organizations is almost nonexistent in financing the Southern research investments. The salaries don’t motivate the researchers and scientists, and it has a negative effect on R&D. The imports, the active population, the inflation, the technology infrastructure, and the patent production have no effective contributions to the investment in the R&D in the Southern Mediterranean countries.
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Sydorenko, Anna. "Crimean port-cities and their hinterland connections: The dynamics of change, 1800–1917." International Journal of Maritime History 33, no. 4 (November 2021): 668–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714211064722.
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This article examines the relationships between the three Crimean port-cities of Sevastopol, Theodosia and Evpatoria and their hinterlands, which were defined by the grain export trade. The second half of the nineteenth century was marked by the transformation of the southern region of the Russian Empire into the granary of Europe. Port-cities became dynamic nodes, connecting cereal production in the hinterland of southern Russian and the Mediterranean maritime distribution networks in the Mediterranean. Based mainly on primary Russian and Ukrainian archival sources, this article shows and examines how the development of the Crimean port-cities was determined by connections between ports and their respective hinterlands, the types of commodities exchanged and a variety of internal and external political and economic factors.
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Purwaningsih, Endang, Muslikh Muslikh, and Suhaeri Suhaeri. "Innovation and supply chain orientation concerns toward job creation law in micro, small, and medium enterprises export-oriented products." Uncertain Supply Chain Management 10, no. 1 (2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.10.009.
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The supply chain of MSME products in the context of export penetration is very important, but MSME actors have not been able to meet all export needs. This study aims to: 1) analyze the supply chain of MSMEs in the context of export penetration in the era of the covid-19 pandemic, and 2) examine the potential of MSMEs to develop in terms of corporate legality, industrial design, and brand registration, as well as the use of digital marketing. This research method was quantitative research with survey approach and normative empirical study. The population of this study was 134 MSMEs, samples from 63 MSMEs in Central Java (Brebes), West Java (Bogor), and the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Bantul). Quantitative data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach and analyzed with Smart PLS 3.3 software. The results of the study show: 1) the supply chain needs of MSMEs in penetrating the export market in the era of the covid-19 pandemic are very difficult; 2) MSMEs must be able to meet all export needs to create a balanced supply chain, 3) in order to prepare export-oriented MSMEs, they must first motivate and educate, establish policies that support their legality and export management.
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Magar, Prajwal, Prashna Budhathoki, Subarna Kandel, Rachana Tandan Chhetri, and Laxmi Devkota. "A REVIEW ON MARKETING AND VALUE CHAIN OF NEPAL CARDAMOM (AMOMUM SUBULATUM ROXB.) IN THE EASTERN HILLS OF NEPAL." FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT 3, no. 1 (2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2022.28.32.
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Nepal cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is one of the most precious commodities with considerable export potential, as well as one of our country’s most valued crops and most essential cash crops. Large cardamom is primarily farmed in the eastern region of our country. This study focuses on the current state of massive cardamom marketing and the value chain in Nepal. The market for large cardamon is hampered by a variety of obstacles. The vast cardamom market and marketing are weak, and there is a post-harvest loss that inhibits the market. Nepal is the top exporter of large cardamom in terms of market share. The districts of Ilam, Taplejung, Pachthar, and Sankhuwasabha produce and export huge quantities of best quality cardamom. India is the largest market for large cardamom in Nepal. The spice is re exported from India to Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Gulf states, and other international destinations through use of various transport systems.
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Krichak, Simon O., Joseph Barkan, Joseph S. Breitgand, Silvio Gualdi, and Steven B. Feldstein. "The role of the export of tropical moisture into midlatitudes for extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean region." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 121, no. 3-4 (August 19, 2014): 499–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1244-6.
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Al Jawaldeh, Ayoub, and Ghada Sayed. "Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 24, no. 01 (January 1, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2018.24.1.25.
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Musaiger, Abdulrahman O. "Overweight and Obesity in Eastern Mediterranean Region: Prevalence and Possible Causes." Journal of Obesity 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/407237.
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The objective of this paper was to explore the prevalence of overweight and obesity among various age groups as well as discuss the possible factors that associated with obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A systematic review of published papers between 1990 and 2011 was carried out. Obesity reached an alarming level in all age groups of the EMR countries. The prevalence of overweight among preschool children(<5 years) ranged from 1.9% to 21.9%, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children ranged from 7% to 45%. Among adults the prevalence of overweight and obesity ranged from 25% to 81.9%. Possible factors determining obesity in this region include: nutrition transition, inactivity, urbanization, marital status, a shorter duration of breastfeeding, frequent snacking, skipping breakfast, a high intake of sugary beverages, an increase in the incidence of eating outside the home, long periods of time spent viewing television, massive marketing promotion of high fat foods, stunting, perceived body image, cultural elements and food subsidize policy. A national plan of action to overcome obesity is urgently needed to reduce the economic and health burden of obesity in this region.
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Chung, Yong Kyun, and Sung Koo Hong. "International Distribution and Export Marketing of Cultural Commodities in East Asian Region: The Case of Television Drama." Journal of international area studies 12, no. 4 (January 31, 2009): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/jias.2009.01.12.4.421.
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Ovruski, S. M., and P. Schliserman. "Opiine and Eucoiline (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Figitidae, respectively) parasitoids of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus orchard areas in Corrientes, northeastern Argentina." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 6 (December 2003): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-025.
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Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), the South American fruit fly, and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mediterranean fruit fly, are the only economically important Tephritidae species present in the citrus-growing areas in the province of Corrientes, northeastern Argentina. Both fruit fly species severely limit the export of fruit because of quarantine restrictions in importing countries. In this Argentinean region, C. capitata has been reported mostly infesting cultivated Citrus species such as C. sinensis L. (Osbeck) (Rutaceae) and C. paradisi Macfadyn (Rutaceae), whereas A. fraterculus has been found almost exclusively in wild guava (Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)), a wild host plant (Turica and Mallo 1961).
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Ishmeev, Yuri. "Improving the Efficiency of the Food Industry in Baikal Region." Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(3).440-447.
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The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the food industry is one of the backbone elements of the Russian economy. The role of the industry in providing the population of the country with food products, its close ties with agriculture and its participation in the formation of the export potential determine its strategic importance. An efficient, highly productive, dynamically growing food industry is a priority in achieving high national competitiveness and ensuring the economic security of the state. The development of the food industry is an important priority for the Baikal region, given its social significance, its importance in the total volume of industrial products sold and the export of the region’s goods. The issues of developing directions for increasing the efficiency of the food industry enterprises that correspond to the specifics of the modern stage of its development in Russia and the regions and the urgent tasks of the state policy remain relevant. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state and determine characteristic trends in the development of the food industry using the example of the Baikal region. On the basis of the carried out analysis, the article formulates recommendations for improving the efficiency of the food industry in the Baikal region: formation of a cluster of food and agricultural products; creation of an innovative infrastructure; development of marketing strategy, etc.
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Šergo, Zdravko, and Jasmina Gržinić. "Does the International Tourism Industry Relax Sovereign Credit Ratings: The Case of Countries Most Reliant on Tourism." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2018-0014.
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Abstract Sustainable tourism plays a dominant role in the economic well-being of some of the world’s countries, especially small ones. Tourism earnings account for a significant proportion of their GDP, and they have an overwhelming reliance on tourism as a source of service exports. The general trends in tourism earnings and volatilities in country risk ratings often go hand in hand, especially for small touristic countries in that region. The research presented in this paper provides a comparative assessment of the international country risk ratings and highlights the importance of their tourism earnings and tourism export. This study employs the ordered response and Poisson count panel data model for a sample of twenty-two countries most reliant on tourism, including Mediterranean countries. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the tourism determinants of sovereign credit ratings for those countries vary between different rating agencies (Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch’s). The key finding is that an increase in tourism earnings as a proportion of GDP and as the main export share in the total country export impairs the sovereign risk rating and turns out to be robust across the different methodologies.
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FALOLA, Abraham, and Ridwan MUKAİLA. "Organic maize farming practices in Nigeria: Drivers and barriers." Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1086107.
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Organic farming is gaining global recognition in terms of the role it plays in providing safe and healthy food, income, and maintaining a sustainable environment. Despite these aspects , it faces constraints that, if identified, will play a vital role in its development and formulating policy for its sustainability. Creating an effective policy to improve organic farming necessitates identifying the influencing factors in organic farming method selection as well as barriers encountered. This study, therefore, examined the common types of organic maize farming, their determinants, and their challenges in Nigeria. Primary data collected from 480 respondents were analysed with descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. The result revealed that organic manure, compost manure, biocontrol, and cover cropping were used by the farmers to enrich the soil. Farming experience, membership in a farm-based organization, farm distance, education, income, extension contacts, farm size, and cultural compatibility were the influencing factors of different organic farming systems used in maize production. Inadequate organic food accrediting agencies, inability to meet export demand, high cost and scarcity of organic seeds, lack of financial support, poor marketing system, inadequate supporting infrastructure, poor technical know-how, and pest infestation were the most common problems encountered in organic farming. To enhance participation in organic maize farming practices, there is a need to support organic farmers with financial support, accessible organic accreditation centres, training, educational support, and inputs.
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Gribincea, Corina, and Svetlana Caradjova. "Development of Turkish mediterranean coastal tourism." Vector European, no. 2 (November 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52507/2345-1106.2021-2.20.
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Tourism can have a benefic effect on the environment by contributing to the protection and preservation of the environment. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and can serve as a tool to finance conservation of natural areas and increase their economic value. The article provides in-depth analysis of the development of Mediterranean coastal tourism in Turkey. The rapid growth of outbound tourism from new markets, especially from China, the Russian Federation and India, entails a change in the structure of tourist flows and demand in the Mediterranean region. In the opinion of the authors, this requires new marketing and service skills and appropriate product development, which is often best achieved locally and regionally. At the same time, changing social values, lifestyles and demographics in developed countries are increasingly reflected in changes in tourism demand, leading to growing fragmentation of tourism markets and the emergence of new niche markets.
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Nadeu, Elisabet, Juan M. Quiñonero-Rubio, Joris de Vente, and Carolina Boix-Fayos. "The influence of catchment morphology, lithology and land use on soil organic carbon export in a Mediterranean mountain region." CATENA 126 (March 2015): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.11.006.
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Djaković, Ivka, Tanja Leniček, Relja Beck, Zdenko Kraljević, Krunoslav Kuna, and Dražan Butorac. "Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis in Female Pubic Region - Case Report." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 9, 2019): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.034.
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BACKGROUND: Number of reported cases of human dirofilariasis in the last couple of decades has been increasing. Dogs are the main reservoir hosts, while various mosquito species represent/serve as vectors. Human infections are caused by two different parasites: Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Dirofilaria repens is currently considered to be one of the most rapidly-spreading human and animal parasite species in Europe. Clinical features are characterised by subcutaneous or ocular lesions which can persist for months without any symptoms. The disease is considered to be endemic in Mediterranean countries, central Asia, Israel, and Sri Lanka with increased incidence in Central and East Europe. Apart from the local population, tourists are also susceptible to this disease. Export of domestic animals can transfer parasites between different countries. This disease is rare in Croatia.
CASE PRESENTATION: We are presenting a case of a 58-year-old female patient with dirofilariasis of the genital region caused by Dirofilaria repens, confirmed with PCR and sequencing.
CONCLUSION: From the clinician point of view, subcutaneous dirofilariasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of long-lasting subcutaneous swellings.
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Yilmaz, Emrah, and Mehmet Aytekin. "The Determinants of Tourist Preferences of the Mediterranean Region in Turkey." Administrative Sciences 8, no. 4 (December 13, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci8040081.
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Moving marketing strategies, which are changed through digital channels, into the social media environment, has led to changes in customer preferences in the tourism sector and is affected by the comments made in social media. Despite the fact that numerous studies have examined the impact of online customer comments on purchasing behaviour, most of these studies have used descriptive statistics and have ignored the empirical estimations. This study is aimed at examining the influence of the criteria obtained by content analysis on the star ratings given to the hotels based on the comments about the hotel on the TripAdvisor site. In this context, Mediterranean region hotels, which hold an important place in the tourism sector of Turkey, have been viewed, and the 25 hotels with the highest number of comments on the TripAdvisor site were selected, and 9000 comments from these hotels as well as the topic of the study were analysed with panel data methodology. As a result of the analyses made, it was determined that the criteria of the location and the accessibility of the hotels, the food and beverage concept presented by the hotels, the quality of the personnel–service, the cleaning elements, and the entertainment–animation programs were influential on the star ratings given to the hotels. It was also found that the architectural structure of the hotels and the other customers’ recommendation criteria are less important than the star ratings given to the hotel when compared to other specified criteria.
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Kurganov, V. M., and V. G. Morales. "LOGISTICS OF EXPORT SHIPMENTS FROM ECUADOR." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-12.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The development of economic relations with countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and improving the efficiency of logistics contacts is one of the most promising directions of trade relations for Russia. Among its trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region Ecuador occupies an important place. The authors’ analysis gives a fairly clear picture of transport channels (sea and air) and costly mechanisms in the supply chain used by shippers and transiters of Ecuadorian products. It is proposed to use the concept of «logistics laws» to search for options to reduce costs in the supply chain of goods exported to Russia from this Latin American country. Keywords: transport, logistics, foreign trade relations, Ecuador, supply organization, exports, logistics costs, reduction of losses. REFERENCES 1.Kurganov, V.M.«Golden» rules, principles and laws of logistics [«Zolotye» pravila, principy i zakony logistiki].Logistics: modern trends / VIII International scientific-practical conference. Abstracts.St.Petersburg, GIEU publ., 2009, pp.158-160. 2.Kurganov, V. M.Reducing costs in supply chains on the basis of logistics laws [Sokrashhenie izderzhek v cepjah postavok na osnove zakonov logistiki].Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Perspectives in Russia and Germany: Collection of papers from conference on logistics DR-LOG 2010.Ed.by D. A.Ivanov, V. S.Lukinsky, B. V.Sokolov, Y.Keshel.St.Petersburg, Publishing house of Polytechnic University Press, 2010, pp.527-529. 3.Kurganov, V. M.The hierarchy of logistics laws [Ierarhija zakonov logistiki].Dynamics and Sustainability in International Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Proceedings of the 6th German-Russian Logistics and SCM Workschop DR-LOG 2011 in Bremen.Cuvillier Verlag, Goettingen, 2011, pp.451-461. 4.Marketing research and analysis of the Russian market of fresh flowers.MA Step by Step [Marketingovoe issledovanie i analiz rossijskogo rynka zhivyh cvetov. MA Step by Step].[Electronic resource]: http: // step-by-step.ru’upload / iblock / 415 / DEMO_fresh … Last accessed 13.01.2015. The article is based on the papers, presented by the authors at the International scientific and practical conference «International Logistics: science, practice and education», held on March 3, 2015 at the Institute of Management and Information Technologies of Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT).
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Leblanc, K., B. Quéguiner, P. Raimbault, and N. Garcia. "Efficiency of the silicate pump at a coastal oligotrophic site in the Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences 2, no. 3 (August 29, 2005): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-219-2005.
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Abstract. A one-year survey of the sedimenting particulate material was conducted at the SOFi site located on the edge of the continental slope in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean) between September 1999 and December 2000. The main focus of this paper was to establish an annual budget of biogenic silica export, to describe the seasonnal pattern of Si fluxes in relation to the organic and mineral C fluxes and to quantify the Si/C decoupling processes during sedimentation. The pattern of the downward flux of BSi was partly typical with increased daily sedimentation rates during spring followed by smaller peaks during summer. However, an unusual sedimentation event was recorded in the bottom trap in February before the spring thermal stratification occurred, and represented 37% of the annual BSi mass flux. The total annual BSi flux at the SOFi site was estimated from the bottom trap and amounted to 86.8 mmol Si m-2 y-1, while the organic carbon flux amounted to 154.9 mmol C m-2 y-1. The overall efficiency of C export to depth compared to surface primary production budgets was low (3%) and similar to values found for oligotrophic regions of the Eastern Mediterranean. On the other hand, we documented a very high efficiency of the Si export at the SOFi site, with 62% of the Si produced in the surface layer exported to the bottom trap. The excellent correlation between BSi and particulate organic C (POC) in the bottom trap further indicates that the bulk of the organic matter is transferred to depth in association with diatoms. However, the main fraction of the C produced by phytoplankton is lost in the water column through oxidation or metabolisation, while biogenic silica is more efficiently transferred to depth. This strong Si/C decoupling with depth is likely to be the cause of the spring depletion of silicic acid over the entire water column which was observed by mid-April in a companion study (Leblanc et al., 2003) and may cause a severe Si limitation of the diatom spring bloom in this oligotrophic region of the Gulf of Lions.
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Leblanc, K., B. Quéguiner, P. Raimbault, and N. Garcia. "Efficiency of the silicate pump at a coastal oligotrophic site in the Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 3 (May 9, 2005): 551–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-551-2005.
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Abstract. A one-year survey of the sedimenting particulate material was conducted at the SOFi site located on the edge of the continental slope in the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean) between September 1999 and December 2000. The main focus of this paper was to investigate the seasonal pattern of particulate biogenic silica (BSi) sedimentation fluxes in comparison with the particulate carbon fluxes and establish annual budgets of Si and C export. The pattern of the downward flux of BSi was partly typical with increased daily sedimentation rates during spring followed by smaller peaks during summer. However, an unusual sedimentation event was recorded in the bottom trap in February before the spring thermal stratification occurred, and represented 37% of the annual BSi mass flux. The total annual BSi flux at the SOFi site was estimated from the bottom trap and amounted to 86.8 mmol Si m-2 y-1, while the organic carbon flux amounted to 154.9 mmol C m-2 y-1. The overall efficiency of C export to depth compared to surface primary production budgets was low (3%) and similar to values found for oligotrophic regions of the Eastern Mediterranean. On the other hand, we documented a very high efficiency of the Si export at the SOFi site, with 62% of the Si produced in the surface layer exported to the bottom trap. The excellent correlation between BSi and particulate organic C (POC) in the bottom trap further indicates that the bulk of the organic matter is transferred to depth in association with diatoms. However, the main fraction of the C produced by phytoplankton is lost in the water column through oxidation or metabolisation, while biogenic silica is more efficiently transferred to depth. This strong Si/C decoupling with depth is likely to be the cause of the spring depletion of silicic acid over the entire water column which was observed by mid-April in a companion study (Leblanc et al., 2003) and may cause a severe Si limitation of the diatom spring bloom in this oligotrophic region of the Gulf of Lions.
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Ahsan Habib, Kazi. "Marketing Channel Of The Freshwater Mud Eels In Northern Region Of Bangladesh And Its Pre-Export Processing Activities." Aquaculture & Fisheries 4, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aaf-5523/100026.
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Durrieu de Madron, X., D. Aubert, B. Charrière, S. Kunesch, C. Menniti, O. Radakovitch, and J. Sola. "Impact of Dense Water Formation on the Transfer of Particles and Trace Metals from the Coast to the Deep in the Northwestern Mediterranean." Water 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020301.
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This study aimed to describe the interannual variability of dense shelf water cascading and open ocean convection in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean) based on long-term temperature and current records and its impact on particle fluxes and associated metals. These observations highlight the predominant role of the rare intense events of dense shelf water cascading (1999/2000, 2005/2006, 2012/2013) in the basinward export of particles, which are mainly brought by rivers. Measurements of particulate trace metals in 2012 indicate that the monitored intense cascading event may be responsible for a significant fraction (~15%) of the annual input to the shelf. To this first process is added the effect of somehow more recurrent deep convection events (2005, 2009–2013) that remobilize the deep sediments, receptacle of coastal inputs, and disperse them rapidly at the scale of the northern Mediterranean basin, and gradually over the entire western basin. Coastal and oceanic dense water formations are key physical processes in the Mediterranean margins, whose reduction in intensity and recurrence has already been observed and also anticipate in climate scenarios that will likely change the dispersion pathways of chemical particles in this region.
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Rafie, A. R., and Joe Garofalo. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPORTING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FROM MIAMI-DADE COUNTY TO THE CARIBBEAN." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 500E—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.500e.
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In Miami-Dade County, Fla., there are 1,240 registered nurseries, growing plants in 14,000 acres, making it the state's leading nursery crop producer. This industry provides 18,000 nursery related jobs and in 2000 had an estimated total value of $790 million. Like many other agricultural industries in Florida, the nursery industry has become very competitive; as a result, many growers are searching for new marketing opportunities. The Caribbean region consists of 28 nations with a population of 21 million. This region is considered one of the most dependent on agricultural imports. In 2004, United State agricultural exports to the Caribbean reached a total value of $1.9 billion, of which $9 million was nursery plant product. Due to proximity of many of the Caribbean countries and cheap transportation costs, the United State is essentially trading in its own backyard. To strengthen the export knowledge of local nursery growers, a partnership was created among the Southern U.S. Trade Association (SUSTA), the USDA's Caribbean Basin Agricultural Trade Office (CBATO), Miami–Dade College, and the University of Florida/Miami–Dade County Cooperative Extension Service. Two different workshop series were offered to train selected nursery managers about the export essentials. As a result of this partnership, 21 nursery growers were able to complete the program, 57% of the participants had exported in the past to the Caribbean and 43% are now starting to export.
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Chaturvedi, Ashutosh, Sanjay Kumar, and Ayush Pathak. "Constraints analysis of mint plant (Mentha spp.) growers in central Avadh region (Barabanki) of Uttar Pradesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.1/149-153.
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India is the largest cultivator of mint plant and market leader in mentha oil production. Uttar Pradesh occupies major area under mint cultivation as well as highest mentha oil producer among all the states of India. Present study was conducted in central avadh region, under this region Barabanki district accounts 90-95 per cent area under mentha cultivation and mentha oil production. Research study is fully based on primary data which was collected with the help of well-organized structured schedule for the agricultural year. Major constraints related with mint production faced by mint growers were unstable yield of mentha, lower productivity of mentha, high cost of mentha roots/suckers, less supply of farm yard manure, high labor cost, labour scarcity during peak time, high cost of fertilizer, high incidence of disease, distance from input supply center, poor quality of irrigation water, inadequate credit supply, less supply of recommended pesticide, high cost of growth regulators, erratic electricity supply. Marketing related constraints were frequent price fluctuation, collusion among traders/trade and malpractices, lack of MSP/government procurement, non-availability of storage facility, lack of market infrastructure, lack of availability of market information, lack of awareness of direct marketing practices, lack of information about government schemes and subsidies, quality deterioration during storage, poor road network for transportation, delay in sale and payment, distance from market, high transportation cost. Problems faced by farmers related to processing infrastructure were lack of technology related to distillation unit, lack of testing facility of menthol content in oil, lack of training related to package of practices, lack of regulated market, high costing in distillation machine, cost related to processing incurred by farmer, lack of small processing units. Existing constraints related to trade and export policy faced by farmers were illegal trade practices, unauthorized traders, unaware about export market, government subsidies.
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Lewit, Tamara. "ABSENT-MINDED LANDLORDS AND INNOVATING PEASANTS? THE PRESS IN AFRICA AND THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN." Late Antique Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2008): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000085.
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The screw mechanism for wine and oil presses was widely applied in the eastern Mediterranean only in Late Antiquity, about half a millennium after its invention. This occurred in relation to a great intensification of commercial production in this region, including the bringing into cultivation of marginal land and the occupation of new areas. However, why was a screw mechanism not used in other important export regions, such as North Africa? Case studies of settlement patterns in a number of regions suggest that the absentee landlords of large estates seem to have been less inclined to adopt changed technology, whereas resident owners—whether of large or small estates—living close to their land, and directly involved in the processes of production, may have been more likely to do so. Among the many factors at play—technical, geographic, cultural, chronological, environmental, and commercial—the relationship of the landowner to his land may have played an important role in the diffusion of technology.
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Nabat, Pierre, Samuel Somot, Christophe Cassou, Marc Mallet, Martine Michou, Dominique Bouniol, Bertrand Decharme, Thomas Drugé, Romain Roehrig, and David Saint-Martin. "Modulation of radiative aerosols effects by atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Mediterranean region." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 8315–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8315-2020.
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Abstract. The present work aims at better understanding regional climate–aerosol interactions by studying the relationships between aerosols and synoptic atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Mediterranean region. Two 40-year simulations (1979–2018) have been carried out with version 6.3 of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (National Centre for Meteorological Research) – Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational (CNRM-ALADIN) regional climate model, one using interactive aerosols and the other one without any aerosol. The simulation with aerosols has been evaluated in terms of different climate and aerosol parameters. This evaluation shows a good agreement between the model and observations, significant improvements compared to the previous model version and consequently the relevance of using this model for the study of climate–aerosol interactions over this region. A first attempt to explain the climate variability of aerosols is based on the use of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The latter explains a significant part of the interannual variability, notably in winter for the export of dust aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Mediterranean, and in summer for the positive anomalies of anthropogenic aerosols over western Europe. This index is however not sufficient to fully understand the variations of aerosols in this region, notably at daily scale. The use of “weather regimes”, namely persisting meteorological patterns, stable at synoptic scale for a few days, provides a relevant description of atmospheric circulation, which drives the emission, transport and deposition of aerosols. The four weather regimes usually defined in this area in winter and in summer bring significant information to answer this question. The blocking and NAO+ regimes are largely favourable to strong aerosol effects on shortwave surface radiation and near-surface temperature, either because of higher aerosol loads or because of weaker cloud fraction, which reinforces the direct aerosol effect. Inversely, the NAO− and Atlantic Ridge regimes are unfavourable to aerosol radiative effects, because of weaker aerosol concentrations and increased cloud cover. This study thus puts forward the strong dependence of aerosol loads on the synoptic circulation from interannual to daily scales and, as a consequence, the important modulation of the aerosol effects on shortwave surface radiation and near-surface temperature by atmospheric circulation. The role of cloud cover is essential in this modulation as shown by the use of weather regimes.
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Langar, Houda, Razieh Ostad Ali Dehaghi, and Nora Dellepiane. "Joint evaluation of marketing authorization files of inactivated polio vaccines in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 24, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2018.24.6.588.
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Many, Gaël, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, and Patrick Marsaleix. "Particulate organic carbon dynamics in the Gulf of Lion shelf (NW Mediterranean) using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model." Biogeosciences 18, no. 19 (October 12, 2021): 5513–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5513-2021.
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Abstract. The Gulf of Lion shelf (GoL, NW Mediterranean) is one of the most productive areas in the Mediterranean Sea. A 3D coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model is used to study the mechanisms that drive the particulate organic carbon (POC) dynamics over the shelf. A set of observations, including temporal series from a coastal station, remote sensing of surface chlorophyll a, and a glider deployment, is used to validate the distribution of physical and biogeochemical variables from the model. The model reproduces the time and spatial evolution of temperature, chlorophyll a, and nitrate concentrations well and shows a clear annual cycle of gross primary production and respiration. We estimate an annual net primary production of ∼ 200 × 104 t C yr−1 at the scale of the shelf. The primary production is marked by a coast-slope increase with maximal values in the eastern region. Our results show that the primary production is favoured by the inputs of nutrients imported from offshore waters, representing 3 and 15 times the inputs of the Rhône in terms of nitrate and phosphate. In addition, the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition highlights the role of solar radiation anomalies and continental winds that favour upwellings, and inputs of the Rhône River, in annual changes in the net primary production. Annual POC deposition (27 × 104 t C yr−1) represents 13 % of the net primary production. The delivery of terrestrial POC favours the deposition in front of the Rhône mouth, and the mean cyclonic circulation increases the deposition between 30 and 50 m depth from the Rhône prodelta to the west. Mechanisms responsible for POC export (24 × 104 t C yr−1) to the open sea are discussed. The export off the shelf in the western part, from the Cap de Creus to the Lacaze-Duthiers canyon, represents 37 % of the total POC export. Maximum values are obtained during shelf dense water cascading events and marine winds. Considering surface waters only, the POC is mainly exported in the eastern part of the shelf through shelf waters and Rhône inputs, which spread to the Northern Current during favourable continental wind conditions. The GoL shelf appears as an autotrophic ecosystem with a positive net ecosystem production and as a source of POC for the adjacent NW Mediterranean basin. The undergoing and future increase in temperature and stratification induced by climate change could impact the trophic status of the GoL shelf and the carbon export towards the deep basin. It is crucial to develop models to predict and assess these future evolutions.
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Volkova, E., K. Churilova, and N. Timchenko. "Cluster-cooperative project-the basis of rational use of forest food resources in the Amur region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032115.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Amur region has a significant potential for non-wood plant resources: food, medicine, feed, and technology. The northern regions have a territorial advantage in the potential of forest production, where there is a low and average level of agricultural production against the background of a fairly high level of unemployment among the working-age population. Taking into account the cluster policy of the region in the implementation of the designed portfolio of pilot cluster projects, a cluster-cooperative project for the development of an agricultural consumer cooperative for the production, processing and marketing of berries, aimed at the production and production of a wide range of products using wild plants, the formation of a competitive level of price and quality that meets the demand and requirements of customers of export (international) markets, was developed. Through cooperation and integration of personal subsidiary farms within the framework of the project, it is planned to create a single logistics center of the cluster for managing commodity flows of products, ensuring product quality, and organizing certification of products for export. The project is fully integrated into the structure of the organizational and functional mechanism of the agro-industrial cluster of the Amur region, providing support for the project at all stages from the initial stage of project formation to the release of products for export. It is assumed that the implementation of the developed cluster-cooperative project will form the basis for the rational use of non-wood forest resources in the region and will serve not only as a source of income for the local population, the consolidation of permanent personnel in forestry, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and will also contribute to increasing the productivity of forest plantations.