Relevant bibliographies by topics / Export marketing – Mediterranean Region

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Export marketing – Mediterranean Region'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Export marketing – Mediterranean Region"

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Adom, M., K. O. Fening, M. K. Billah, D. D. Wilson, W. Hevi, V. A. Clottey, F. Ansah-Amprofi, and A. Y. Bruce. "Pest status, bio-ecology and management of the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its implication for international trade." Bulletin of Entomological Research 111, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485320000358.

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AbstractThe false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an insect pest which represents an important threat to the production and marketing of a wide range of agricultural crops in the African-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP) countries. The FCM reduces not only the yield and quality of the crop but also as a quarantine insect pest, restricts the trade of susceptible agricultural produce on the international market. In addition, little research has been conducted in the ACP countries on the bio-ecology and sustainable management of this pest, especially on vegetables for export. Thus, action-oriented research aimed at understanding the bio-ecology of this important pest is essential to achieve effective management. Various management interventions against this pest have been used in some parts of the world, especially in South Africa on citrus. Currently, farm sanitation is regarded as the key management strategy. Exploring and improving on other interventions such as Sterile Insect Technique, monitoring and mass trapping of male moths, augmentative biological control, use of bio-pesticides, protected cultivation and cold treatment may help to mitigate the expansion of FCM into other countries, especially in the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization region where it has become a regulated insect pest since 2014. This review discussed the bio-ecology of FCM and highlighted some of the challenges and opportunities for its effective management and its implication for international trade, especially the export of chillies from the ACP countries into the European Union market which requires strict phytosanitary regulations.
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Oliach, Daniel, Enrico Vidale, Anton Brenko, Olivia Marois, Nicola Andrighetto, Kalliopi Stara, Juan Martínez de Aragón, Carlos Colinas, and José Antonio Bonet. "Truffle Market Evolution: An Application of the Delphi Method." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091174.

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Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the current situation of the truffle sector in the main producing countries of the Mediterranean area. Additionally, we identified the challenges for the future and the priority actions to develop the truffle sector in the region. Methods: We used a Delphi process approach, and we selected a total of 17 expert panelists in different positions within the supply chain of the target countries (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, and Greece). Results: The results obtained allowed us to have a complete description of the current truffle supply chain. We confirmed an evolution of the sector due to the cultivation success of several Tuber species. The maturity of the sector has produced shifts in the roles that form the traditional truffle supply chain operators. We confirmed the trend of a decrease of collectors that hunt truffles in the wild and sell to small travelling buyers, whilst truffle hunters that collect for farmers and specialty wholesalers are emerging. However, a trend of truffle price decrease in the last few years has alerted the sector. Conclusions: As production increases due to truffle cultivation, it will be necessary to promote truffle consumption. We identified actions to develop the truffle sector: (a) strengthen the link between truffles, tourism, and gastronomy; (b) increase the effort at European level for the recognition of truffle production, helping to develop truffle culture and marketing; (c) increase the awareness and consumption of truffles among consumers; and (d) develop tourism workshops for truffle farmers.
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Ngoc Y, Pham. "Export performance and export marketing strategy of Vietnam’s vegetable and fruit export firms." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 3, no. 3 (December 22, 2019): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v3i3.563.

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The paper aims at defining and measuring the relationship between export marketing strategy and export performance of vegetable and fruit export firms in the southern region and Lam Dong province by applying qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method is carried out through through in-depth interviews of 10 chief executive officers, while the quantitative one is conducted through direct interviews with 207 managers of vegetable and fruit companies. Export performance are measured by a non-financial/non-economic approach. The results show that firm’s export performance is under the direct influences by 4 components of export marketing strategy including: (1) Product strategy; (2) price strategy; (3) promotion strategy; (4) place strategy, these factors have a positive impact on export performance, regression coefficients at 1% significance level. The research results are the scientific basis for proposing administrative implications for fruit and vegetable exporters to improve export performance when adjusting the adaptation level of export marketing strategies.
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Chung, Henry F. L., and Tsuang Kuo. "When and how managerial ties matter in international competitive strategy, export financial and strategic performance framework." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 1/2 (February 12, 2018): 260–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2015-0305.

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Purpose This study aims to present two new contingent frameworks that hypothesize the moderation role of managerial ties (MTs) in the international competitive strategy-export financial and strategic performance framework. The purposes of this study are to explore whether a common standardized or individual customized conceptualization consisting of MTs, international competitive strategy and performance can be used to achieve export financial and strategic performance; to offer contingent factors for the current international competitive strategy-export performance framework; and to generalize the roles of MTs in the developed vis-à-vis developing region. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the experience of 114 exporting firms operating in the European Union region to test its theoretical frameworks. MTs include both business and political ties. Findings Business and political ties have completely different moderation effects on the relation between international differentiation/low-cost strategy and export financial/strategic performance. Business ties have a positive influence on the international differentiation strategy-export strategic performance and international low-cost strategy-export financial performance dyads, but a negative effect in the international low-cost strategy-export strategic performance framework. In contrast, political ties are revealed to have a negative effect on the international differentiation/low-cost strategy-export financial performance framework. Originality/value This research advances extant international competitive strategy-export performance literature by revealing the bright and dark sides of business ties and the down side of political ties in the framework. Performance should be investigated in terms of financial and strategic performance. The moderation effect of business ties is more complex than that reported in the developing region; thus, a cross-regional generalization on these ties’ effects is more difficult to establish. In contrast, the dark side effect of political ties is consistent across developed and developing regions; a cross-regional generalization on these ties is more viable. Collectively, the results show that a standardized process for achieving both export financial and export strategic performances is not feasible, while a customized process for each export performance is needed.
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Kayabasi, Aydin, and Thandiwe Mtetwa. "Impact of marketing effectiveness and capabilities, and export market orientation on export performance." European Business Review 28, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 532–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2014-0084.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between marketing effectiveness, marketing capabilities, export market orientation and export performance. Design/methodology/approach The research analyses whether export market orientation, marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities are antecedents of export performance with structural equation modelling. Data to test the model were obtained through a structured survey of 443 export companies operating in the Aegean region of Turkey. After explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, the structural model was tested. Findings The findings suggest that export market orientation has a significant impact on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness, and that marketing effectiveness has a significant impact on export performance. This indicates that export market orientation is central to the development of marketing capabilities, while marketing effectiveness contributes to explaining export performance. Research limitations/implications There are several limitations of the research. The first significant limitation is that the variables had various sub-dimensions. The second limitation is about sampling of the research that it is not specific to a particular sector. Practical implications This paper provides useful insights to exporters on market orientation, focal dimensions of marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities that would help them enhance their export performance. Originality/value Using the resource-based view, this paper contributes to the explanation for export performance by assessing the role of export market orientation behaviour on marketing capabilities and marketing effectiveness.
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Вотинов, A. Votinov, Афанасьев, and Valentin Afanasev. "Working Out Strategies for the Russian Vertically Integrated Oil Companies in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Region." Administration 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2820.

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The paper considers the major problems of integrating the RF oil companies in modern international transport infrastructure of foreign oil and gas trade. Efficiency of diversification of export strategy and of modernizing export capacities strategy are assessed as exemplified by the Rosneft company.
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Heo, Seong-Ho, and Jang-Woo Choi. "A Study on the Utilization and Performance of Online Export Marketing Support System for SMEs: A Focus on Daejeon, Sejong, and the Chungnam Provinces." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.227.

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Purpose This study identifies and investigates the online marketing support system of SMEs in Daejeon, Sejong, and Chungnam Provinces, South Korea, and present policy guidelines to improve the system by considering the operational conditions of the system and characteristics of the export entities. Design/Methodology/Approach This study was conducted to design a research model and find which core factors have influence on the performance of exporters of SMEs by reviewing previous studies and literature. Further, we examine an empirical research particularly targeting online based overseas marketing support systems. Findings Under the current social distancing situation caused by COVID-19, the online export marketing support system provided by the government and local agency have become more important. We verified that the characteristics and recognition of the support system had a significant impact on actual export performance by examining the current status of export SMEs in the region. We also confirmed that the use of the online export support marketing support system had positive effects on the export performance of SMEs. Research Implications In order for SMEs to achieve actual export performance, the government needs to continue to pay attention to and improve the online export marketing support system. In particular, programs implemented at each local government unit should be further customized and promote overseas orientation for corporate representatives, executives, and employees. Duplication between programs should be avoided and differentiated projects should be provided. This online export marketing system review provides empirical research on the use and performance of the government support system.
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Naka, Kozma, Brigitte A. Parsons, and A. L. (Tom) Hammett. "Hardwood lumber industry in the Appalachian region: Focus on exports." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85075-1.

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Exports can provide income, employment, and risk diversification. However, the decision to enter the export market requires commitment of sufficient managerial, economic and financial resources. A survey of 214 hardwood lumber mills across 10 states in the Appalachian region was conducted to assess motivation and differences between hardwood lumber exporters and non-exporters. The study examined marketing strategies, business practices, manufacturing equipment used, and exporting process. Business size was the most important criterion to determine the likelihood of export. Hardwood lumber exporters invested more money in equipment, manufactured larger amounts of higher quality lumber, and utilized more species that capture greater value in the marketplace. The findings of this study will help the Appalachian forest industry and government agencies to identify strategies that lead to export opportunities for hardwood lumber. Key words: lumber, lumber industry, lumber export, hardwood lumber, Appalachian region
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Noviati, Putri, Elva Nuraina, and Nur Wahyuning Sulistyowati. "PT INKA's Export Marketing Strategy Towards Competitive Advantage." SENTRALISASI 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/sl.v11i1.1512.

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This study aims to analyze PT INKA's export marketing strategy towards competitive advantage until 2018. Researchers use primary and secondary data sources with interview and documentation data collection techniques. The results of the study revealed that PT. INKA has: (1) Strength, very competitive pricing power and strong human resources, especially the marketing team, in addition to the influence of marketing assistance from the ambassador (RI for overseas); (2) Weaknesses in the export marketing strategy lie in production, one of which is engines and wheels which are still imported by China, which does not yet have the International Railway Industry Standard Certification (IRIS); (3) Opportunities, can make efforts to further strengthen the penetration of Indonesian companies in the African region; (4) Threats, to providers of facilities and infrastructure needs that must be obtained from imports from other countries, besides that competitors are afraid to dare to reduce interest costs or extend the tenor for the purchase of goods. The high taxes that must be issued for the delivery of goods are the biggest threat, this is confirmed by the informants.
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Braund, D. C., and G. R. Tsetskhladze. "The Export of Slaves from Colchis." Classical Quarterly 39, no. 1 (May 1989): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800040519.

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Polybius in a familiar passage, lists goods moving past Byzantium between the Mediterranean. world and the Black Sea region; among these goods, slaves are accorded a prominent place:…as regards necessities it is an unidsputed fact that the most plentiful supplies and best qualities of of cattle and slaves reach us from the countries lying round the Pontus, while among luxuries the same countries furnish us with an abundance of honey, wax and preserved fish; from the surplus of our countries they take olive-oil and every kind of wine. As for grain, there is give and-take – with them sometimes supplying us when we require it and sometimes importing it from us
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Export marketing – Mediterranean Region"

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Barton, Graham J. "The rôle of supply-chains in the development of cross-channel exchange in the Romano-British period." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2015. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3870/.

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This thesis explores the early phases of marketing activity in Britain by investigating the supply-chains through which imports arrived during the Roman period. The study adopts a cross-disciplinary approach which draws on archaeological evidence, as few written records survive from this era. The investigation commences with a review of the structure of the Roman economy, after which the characteristic features of a traditional supply-chain are presented and the rôles and relationships of its key members examined. The empirical evidence relating to cross-channel exchange in the Romano-British period (c. 120 BC-AD 410) is reviewed by means of four product-based case studies; two of which relate to amphorae-borne commodities (olive-oil and wine) and two involve types of ceramic pottery (samian ware and Rhenish-beakers). The contribution of this thesis is to combine methodologies from apparently disparate fields such as archaeology and marketing to enable new questions to be asked of existing data to enhance understanding in each discipline. In addition to using archaeological evidence to trace the evolution of marketing practices in the Romano-British period, the reciprocal aim of the study was to explore ways in which archaeologists may be able to utilize economic and marketing models to offer new insights into their own subject area. Supply-chain analysis forms the central focus of this thesis. Its main insight is to recognize that through their contacts with clients in both Britain and Gaul, Romano-British and Gallo-Roman merchants must inevitably have gained asymmetric knowledge of market conditions in each location, thus enabling them through their choice of cargoes to control the vital ‘choke-point’ of the channel-crossing. In addition to the principal theme of supply-chain analysis, the inclusion of economic and marketing models such as industrial location criteria (Weber, 1929; Ohlin, 1933) and product-cycle analysis (Vernon, 1966; Wells, 1968) all represent new applications of business theories to the archaeological domain and add to the uniqueness of this research.
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RAMON-MUNOZ, Ramon. "Globalisation and the international markets for Mediterranean export commodities : the case of olive oil, 1850-1938." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14700.

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Defence date: 10 September 2010
Examining Board: Professor Giovanni Federico, European University Institute; Professor Kevin H. O’Rourke, Trinity College Dublin; Professor Jaime Reis, Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa (supervisor); Professor Carles Sudrià, Universitat de Barcelona
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Globalisation was a crucial feature of the nineteenth century international economy. This Doctoral Thesis explores the impact of the globalisation phenomenon on world markets for Mediterranean export commodities by focusing on the case of olive oil between the 1850s and the 1930s. Olive oil was, and still is, a Mediterranean product. Ranking among the most important crops, it was also a major export commodity as well as one of the few products in which most of the Mediterranean countries enjoyed a comparative advantage in international markets. As in many other commodity markets, the first economic globalisation transformed the world olive oil market and this research aims at explaining why this transformation took place and what it consisted in. The following pages argue that trade costs reduction and mass migration were critical factors in reshaping the international market for the product. One of the major effects of the first globalisation was that it reduced export markets for olive oil, damping therefore the expected benefits on economic growth that might be derived from export trade. Additional effects of globalisation consisted in a profound alteration of trade flows, particularly as far as import trade is concerned, a radical transformation of the product mix that was put on foreign (and domestic) markets, and, finally, a crucial modification of export marketing. The impact of globalisation was far from homogenous, however. This research shows that export performance differed across countries, either in terms of market shares or regarding the orientation of their exports. Globalisation forces, in fact, pushed towards the emergence of specialisation patterns across exporters and this thesis explores the determinants of such an important process. It advocates a rather integrative approach. It supports the hypothesis that cross-country differences in factor prices and technology, which probably reflected differences in factor endowments, combined with the existence of product differentiation explain countries’ specialisation patterns in the international olive oil markets before World War II. Thus, while the impact of the first globalisation is the central theme, two leading topics in economic history and economics underlie the present research. The first one concerns the relationship between export trade and its potential effects on the economic growth of the Mediterranean countries. The second one deals with the countries’ export performances and, more particularly, with patterns of specialisation in international markets for agricultural products and foodstuffs and their determinants.
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Books on the topic "Export marketing – Mediterranean Region"

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Hanns-Günther, Hilpert, ed. Marktstrategien deutscher und japanischer Unternehmen in der asiatisch-pazifischen Region. München: Ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, 1992.

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Tuller, Lawrence W. The World markets desk book: A region-by-region survey ofglobal trade opportunities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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The world markets desk book: A region-by-region survey of global trade opportunities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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Regional, Workshop on Market Development and Export Expansion of Horticultural Products in the ESCAP Region (1992 Bangkok Thailand). Market development and export expansion of horticultural products in the ESCAP region: Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Market Development and Export Expansion of Horticultural Products in the ESCAP Region, 29 September-2 October 1992, Bangkok. Bangkok: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations, New York, 1993.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), eds. Synthesis of Mediterranean marine finfish aquaculture: A marketing and promotion strategy. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010.

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MacDonald, Roberta M. Region of origin for products in national and international marketing. Halifax, N.S: Dalhousie University, 1993.

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Goodwin, Charles M. Exporting to the world from the Finger Lakes region: A description of the International Trade Development Project for the nine-county region surrounding Rochester, New York. Rochester, N.Y: Cahn Associates, 1989.

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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and Seminar on Promoting Exports of Fish and Fishery Products in Selected Island Developing Countries (1996: Bangkok)., eds. Promoting exports of fish and fishery products in selected island developing countries of the ESCAP region: Proceedings of a seminar held in Bangkok 27-29 March 1996. New York: United Nations, 1996.

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Interministerial Tourism Conference (1996 Sliema, Malta). Marketing the Mediterranean as a region: Interministerial tourism conference : Sliema, Malta, 7-9 November 1996 = Promouvoir la Méditerranée en tant que région. Madrid: World Tourism Organization, 1997.

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California. Legislature. Assembly. Select Committee on the Americas. Hearing/roundtable discussion: Regionalism, the Greater Los Angeles Basin Region Agreement, and the Power in Regional Partnership Agreement. Sacramento, CA: Assembly Publications Office, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Export marketing – Mediterranean Region"

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Raw, Lawrence. "14. MARKETING MEDITERRANEAN MUSEUMS." In Representations of the "Other/s" in the Mediterranean World and their Impact on the Region, edited by Nedret Kuran-Burçoglu and Susan Gilson Miller, 253–68. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225797-017.

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Kaynak, Erdener. "A Cross Regional Study of Export Performance: Atlantic Provinces and Prairie Region Manufacturers Contrasted." In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 161–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13254-9_31.

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Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub, and Alexa Meyer. "3.2 Regulation of Marketing of Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages as well as Breastmilk Substitutes through Traditional and Digital Media." In Reshaping Food Systems to improve Nutrition and Health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 95–124. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0322.12.

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Poliakova, Juliia, Oksana Shaida, and Andriy Stepanov. "PRIORITIES AND DIRECTIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF EXPORT ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE." In Anti-Crisis Management: State, Region, Enterprise. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-020-9-5.

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Prospects for the implementation of the Export Strategy of Ukraine are analysed. Specific features of institutional support of export activities, which are carried out by state institutions and public and non-governmental organizations, are studied. The activity of the State Institution “Export Promotion Office of Ukraine” is examined. The Office is designed to strengthen the export potential of Ukrainian enterprises, promote Ukrainian goods and services abroad, establish cooperation and partnership between domestic and foreign businesses. The paper investigates the work of the institutions aimed at promoting the export activities of domestic enterprises, including the Exporters and Investors Council under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Venture Capital and Private Equity Association, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Development Office, the Investment Promotion Office, the State Finance Institution for Innovations, Ukrainian Startup Fund, etc. A set of measures to stimulate domestic exports has been developed. A characteristic of innovation activity in Ukraine is presented and its influence on the formation of export potential is revealed. The priority directions of export stimulation are outlined, which envisage the application of technological platforms by Ukrainian exporters, establishment of a system of institutional support as a complex of interaction for consulting, information, marketing and technical support of exports, use of economic incentives for innovative enterprises.
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Lewandowska, Malgorzata Stefania, and Tomasz Golebiowski. "Innovation and International Competitiveness of Manufacturing Firms." In Geo-Regional Competitiveness in Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic Countries, and Russia, 57–82. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6054-0.ch003.

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Numerous firm-level studies indicate a positive relationship between innovation and exports, being an important indicator of international competitiveness. The aim of this chapter is to present a cross-country analysis of the relationship between innovation and exports of firms in selected new EU Member States from the CEE region. All types of innovation (i.e. product, process, organizational, and marketing innovation) are analyzed and their relationship with international sales is assessed in this chapter. The analysis is based on Community Innovation Survey (CIS) micro data of 10,903 innovative manufacturing firms from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania for the 2006 – 2008 period. The logistic regression models are constructed to identify the relationship between each type of innovation and firms' export sales. The reverse causality (i.e. the effect of international sales on firm innovation) is also investigated. The strongest relationship between the introduction of product innovation and export sales on all foreign target markets was revealed for firms in all CEE countries. The influence of other types of innovation on export sales was also proved positive, though weaker, in most of these countries. The influence of international sales on firm's innovation in all surveyed countries was weaker than the impact of innovation on export.
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Moačanin, Nenad. "Population of the Ottoman Europe in the 16th Century: Challenging the Braudelian Enthusiasm." In Exploring the Commonalities of the Mediterranean Region, 51–62. Turkish Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.041.

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The aim of the paper is to put emphasis on the relatively limited participation of the core lands of Ottoman Balkans in the economy of Europe. Unlike much of Central and Eastern Europe where export-oriented production of foodstuffs became domi-nant, the very nature of the Ottoman system prevented such a development. In par-ticular the principle of provisionalism, followed by (pseudo) fiscalism and tradi-tionalism was hostile toward exportation, while favouring imports. The areas under Ottoman control that played important role in supplying German and partly Italian towns with livestock were not subject to the direct rule of the sultan (the case of the Danubian principalities). Even Central Hungary, where this was the case, cannot be ranked among typical Ottoman provinces. In such conditions it is hard to expect “the unity of the Mediterranean” to manifest itself in the economic and demographic trends in the Balkans and Anatolia. Then, the oscillations of the population size in the Early Modern Ages show absence of strong upward or downward tendencies. The rather widespread belief in a “population pressure” in the earlier period as well as in “heavy population losses” thereafter, which might suggest that the Balkans belonged to the common pattern of development like the lands in the Western Med-iterranean world, is anchored in misinterpretation of the Ottoman tax records. The basic, somewhat naïve idea that more tax units with more diversity of taxation items means more humans cannot stand critical examination. Thus, the basic precondition for transformations in economy similar to those in the Western Mediterranean and/or Central Europe was nearly completely lacking.
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Balafas, Vasileios, and Efstathios T. Fakiolas. "Branding a Potential Energy Hub as National Interest in the Eastern Mediterranean." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 18–39. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7533-8.ch002.

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As the global energy demand has been growing, the balance of the international system seems to shudder. Energy issues have become pivotal for national strategy. For example, Russia is challenging US primacy by using its energy resources, the US is trying to become an oil and gas net exporter, and China is striving to ensure influence in rich natural resources territories to secure energy supplies for its development. The authors argue that energy issues have set up a new chessboard of power on which countries improve their status, no matter whether they are energy importers or exporters. Such countries as Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and Egypt are pursuing, without being major energy producers, to brand themselves as ideal regional “energy hubs” to serve national interest. Self-branding is not only a matter of declaration. It is primarily a matter of the energy major players recognizing this branding. It is this recognition that is the decisive moment that the countries concerned tip over the energy chess game by turning their aspirations into something more than an energy supply issue.
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Colburn, Henry P. "Rural Experiences: The Western Desert." In Archaeology of Empire in Achaemenid Egypt, 95–130. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474452366.003.0003.

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This chapter is concerned with the Dakhla and Kharga Oases in the Western Desert. This was an obscure region, considered by the Egyptians to be outside of Egypt proper. Population there was limited, especially after the Old Kingdom when the artesian wells dried up. This picture changes dramatically under Achaemenid rule. Several temples were established or expanded in the oasis. One of these, the Hibis Temple is the earliest example of the ‘pan-Egyptian’ temples that characterized the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. New towns were built along with these temples, and these towns were supplied with water by means of qanats, an irrigation technology that originated in Iran. The resurgence of the oasis, then, served an imperial purpose, namely to link this important strategic location more closely to centers of imperial power in the Nile valley. But, as the Demotic ostraca from Ain Manawir indicate, this act also created a thriving local economy with ties to the Mediterranean and the production of cash crops, notably castor oil, for export. Once again, the empire’s impact in the oases produced varied consequences.
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