Journal articles on the topic 'Export market identification'
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1
Green, Robert T., and Arthur W. Allaway. "Identification of Export Opportunities: A Shift-share Approach." Journal of Marketing 49, no. 1 (January 1985): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900108.
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The search for new export markets is a high priority for firms in the 1980s. This article considers a technique that could be useful in screening markets and products for possible export opportunities. The technique is called shift-share analysis and has been heretofore employed primarily in regional analysis studies. We demonstrate the manner in which shift-share analysis can aid in the generation of product/market sets having high export potential.
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Viviers, Wilma, Martie Lubbe, Ermie Steenkamp, and Douglas Olivier. "The Identification Of Realistic Export Opportunities For The South African Pharmaceutical Industry." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 13, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i2.8438.
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South Africa needs to advance its industrialisation process and diversify its exports if it is to enhance its global competitiveness ranking and meaningfully tackle the double scourge of unemployment and poverty. The pharmaceutical industry makes a significant contribution to the countrys economy, and has a growing international footprint. However, export activity is largely centred on Southern and Eastern Africa, while markets in other parts of the world remain largely untapped. A longstanding concern of the government has been that export market selection has not been conducted in a scientific manner. Added to this is the problem of limited resources on the part of export promotion organisations. A Decision Support Model (DSM), originally conceived by Cuyvers et al. (1995) and then developed for the South African environment by Viviers, Steenkamp, Rossouw, and Cuyvers (2009, 2010), was used in this study to identify those export opportunities with the greatest potential for the South African pharmaceutical industry. Through a systematic filtering and elimination process, the DSM revealed that there are a large number of export opportunities for South African pharmaceutical products, particularly in Western Europe, North America, and Africa. Such information constitutes an important basis for strategic decision making on the part of industry and government stakeholders.
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Williamson, Nicholas C., Nir Kshetri, Tim Heijwegen, and Andreea Fortuna Schiopu. "An Exploratory Study of the Functional Forms of Export Market Identification Variables." Journal of International Marketing 14, no. 1 (March 2006): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.14.1.71.
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Lapinova, Svetlana, Alena Anikina, and Alexander Osharin. "Analysis of export and import structures using network methods (on the example of the agricultural market)." St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies 36, no. 3 (2020): 421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2020.304.
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Analysis of trade cooperation between countries and identification of the most significant market participants is of great importance, both theoretically and empirically. The global trading community forms a network of international relations defined by trade contracts in various industries. Export-import trade flows are one of the key indicators of the level of cooperation among countries and the state of the global economy. The high intensity of such contacts across groups of countries suggests the existence of clusters in this market segment,consisting of central players — exporters and importers, who often define rules for other participants.Understanding the existence and identification of such a center helps to develop an optimal international trade strategy. The purpose of this contribution is to identify factors affecting trade flows among different countries. Statistical analysis of the international trade relations does not always reveal all the essential aspects of cooperation. This paper combines the methods of graph theory and econometric analysis to study the parameters of trade flows among countries. The parameters used in the network analysis make it possible to obtain additional characteristics of market participants, which help to evaluate their significance in the world trade. The paper also identifies some key mathematical and economic characteristics of export-import flows connecting destination countries. We have analyzed the directions of changes in world trade and established correspondences between metric characteristics of graph vertices and parameters of world trade models. The Russian indicators in export/import categories and its largest sales agents are estimated. The identification of the key intermediaries and importers (centers and authorities) on each of the markets in question has been carried out. As an example for this identification the market of agricultural products among the world’s largest exporters and importers of the product were used.
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Mukhametgaliev, Farit, Landysh Sitdikova, Farida Mukhametgalieva, and Alina Battalova. "Export potential of the regional grain sector." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700114.
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The relevance of the article is due to the need to improve the efficiency of regional grain sectors on the basis of the export potential in conditions of fierce competition in the global grain market. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations to increase the export potential and implement competitive advantages of the grain production industry based on an analysis of the current situation and identification of market infrastructure development trends in Russian regions. The study identifies development trends and justifies priority measures for the implementation of the export grain product potential at the regional level. The article presents results of the analysis of development of the grain production industry in Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan, reveals grain market development, competitive advantages of regional producers, identifies systemic problems and directions for increasing the export potential of regional grain product sub-complexes. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations can be applied in research on the problems of development of the agricultural business, scientific substantiation of the main directions, methods and mechanisms for implementing the food policy.
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Ibrahim, Kabiru Hannafi, Dyah Wulan Sari, and Rossanto Dwi Handoyo. "Nigeria-China Bilateral Trade Relations: Is There Market Opportunities in China?" Intermestic: Journal of International Studies 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.3.
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This study used normalized revealed sectoral comparative advantage, import demand share, growth identification and facilitation framework to identify market opportunities for Nigeria in the Chinese markets over the period 1988-2017. Our findings revealed that Nigeria has a steady and long-term comparative advantage in few commodities and there is limited scope for Nigeria to improve on its balance of trade due to limited export potentials. Furthermore, sixteen market opportunities were identified, out of which fourteen are stable and growing markets. Our findings also revealed that these market opportunities can't all be meet by Nigeria, as these commodities were not exportable due to poor competitive position and highly capital-intensive nature of the commodities. These findings are not only relevant to academics but also for policy making.
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Revindo, Mohamad Dian. "Types and Severities of Export Barriers: Evidence from Indonesian SMEs." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 63, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/efi.v63i2.573.
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Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are more constrained to export than their large counterparts and SMEs' limited participation in export market is more prevalent in developing than in developed countries. Extant literature suggests that SMEs encounter a set of export inhibiting factors distinct to those faced by large firms and therefore accurate identification of export barriers is crucial in fostering SMEs export. This study investigates the export barriers faced by Indonesian SMEs. The evidences were collected from 271 exporting SMEs and 226 non-exporting SMEs in seven provinces in Jawa, Madura and Bali regions. The results show that the types and severities of export barriers perceived or encountered by SMEs vary across export stages and across products/industries. Further, export barriers can be distinguished by their general or specific nature. The policy and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
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Budnikevych, Iryna, and Vadym Honchar. "REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF UKRAINIAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 3 (December 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-3-1.
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The purpose of the paper is to summarize and present the differences in the competitive environment of the European Union (EU) and Ukrainian pharmaceutical markets. The method of longitudinal study allowed to detect the patterns of changes and correlations for pharmaceutical products exports and imports volumes over twenty years (2001-2020). Methodology. The research is based on the definition of the pharmaceutical market as a complex socio-economic institution that fulfills the function of pricing medical products and utilizes them to ensure health care functioning. It indicates the population’s wellbeing and requires ongoing maintenance based on needs agreement of households, economic entities, and the state. The quantitative research is based on export-to-import coverage ratio calculations with the identification of pharmaceutical products fraction in the total volume of foreign trade, including the one with the EU. The results of the paper consist in the evaluation of the competitive environment of the European Union’s pharmaceutical market and statistical assessment of Ukrainian foreign trade of pharmaceutical products. They also include the definition of the European integration influence over the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market and well-reasoned recommendations about the application of the state and trade regulation mechanisms. In the paper, we defined the distinctive features of the European countries’ pharmaceutical markets and outlined their main characteristics that have connections to the transnational corporation’s activities, common market, and high concentration. Statistical data collected over 20 years indicated the dynamic development of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market, despite its small-scale contribution to the foreign trade turnover. The dependence of Ukraine on the foreign supplies of drugs and medications is illustrated by the multiple excesses of imports over exports, especially in the trade relationships with the EU. The EU countries are the leading importers of pharmaceutical products to the Ukrainian market. However, the share of medical supplies exports from Ukraine to the EU countries is negligible. Their key exporters are post-Soviet and developing countries. The growth in Ukraine’s export potential is inextricably linked to the expansion of the competitiveness of domestic medical supplies. Practical implications consist in the development of recommendations concerning the GMP and GDP demands realization, domestic manufacturers cooperation with the leading foreign pharmaceutical companies, the penetration of transnational companies into the Ukrainian domestic pharmaceutical market based on imports of innovative technologies, the improvement of the marketing management of the pharmaceutical products exporting. The priority factor in the growth of the competitiveness of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market is a successful combination of state and trade regulation mechanisms. The objects of these factors are the pricing policy for material resources and finished products, the introduction of innovations, tax exemptions, and export-import quotas implementation. They also include the establishment of traffic rates that depend on the market saturation with socially significant medical supplies, budget support of the prioritized subsectors of the pharmaceutical industry, and patent protection. The expected results concern the decrease in the dependence of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market on the foreign distribution of the raw materials and finished products and strengthening the positions of the Ukrainian manufacturers in foreign markets. Value/originality. We evaluated the competitiveness of the national pharmaceutical market based on the criteria of foreign trade performance and detected the priorities of its growth, taking into consideration the synthesis of the state and trade regulation mechanisms.
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Salamaga, Marcin. "International Market Segmentation with the Use of CMS Method and Cluster Analysis." Przegląd Statystyczny 65, no. 4 (January 30, 2019): 492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0609.
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The segmentation of foreign markets is currently treated as an important element of the strategy of operations of enterprises that participate in international exchange of goods and services. This paper fits squarely into a current trend in research on the matter. The article presents the possibility of combining the model of Constant Market Share developed by Leamer, Stern (1970) with cluster analysis. The CMS method allows for a detailed assessment of the sources of changes occurring in the export of compared countries, and in particular its results allow for answering the following question: To what extent may changes in export be explained by the economic situation in the world trade of individual clusters of commodities and to what extent do they result from the competitiveness of these countries? The application of the multivariate statistical methods for the designated effects will allow for the identification of the clusters of countries of the most similar position in the spatial and commodity arrangement, including countries of similar competitiveness of trade. This approach has been applied to the segmentation of EU countries’ markets.
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Salamaga, Marcin. "Segmentation of markets in Central and Eastern Europe with the use of the CMS method." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 64, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8525.
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The paper aims at making a comparative analysis of the Central and Eastern European countries in the scope of effects accompanying changes in their export. The Eurostat’s data for 2016 were used in the study. The effects of changes in export of individual countries were separated based on the Constant Market Share (CMS) model developed by Leamer and Stern. The calculated effectssuch as: demand effect, market distribution effect, commodity composition effect and competitiveness effect enabled a detailed assessment of the sources of changes occurring in export of individual countries. They allowed, in particular, for answeringthe following question: to what extent may changes in export be explained by the economic situation in the world commodity trade of individual clustersand to what extent do they result from the competitiveness of these countries? The application of the multivariate statistical analysis method for the selected effects allowed for the identification of clusters of countries with the most similar position in the spatial and commodity arrangement, including countries of similar trade competitiveness.
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Supriyatna, Eddy, Agustinus Purna Irawan, and Maitri Widya Mutiara. "PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN UKIR KAYU PADA INDUSTRI FURNITURE DI JEPARA." Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 3, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v3i2.6036.
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Industri furniture di Jepara sedang mengalami proses perubahan dalam mengatisipasi pasar ekspor. Desain-desain fuirniture yang diproduksi cenderung mengikuti keinginan dan kebutuhan pasar global yang nyaris tidak menampilkan ukiran kayu dalam desain furniturenya. Padahal, ukir kayu Jepara merupakan keunggulan Jepara yang telah berkembangn secara turun-temurun, beratus tahun lamanya. Tampaknya potensi ukir kayu tersebut tidak diberdayakan sebagai alat daya saing ekspor. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan pengembangan desain furniture ukir kayu yang disesuaikan dengan tuntutan keinginan dan kebutuhan konsumennya di pasar ekspor. Di dalam konteks penelitian ini, pengembangan desain dilakukan setelah melakukan identifikasi pasar ekspor di pasar global dan mengidentifikasi potensi produksi yang dimiliki oleh kalangan industri Jepara. Identifikasi pasar menghasilkan karakteristik desain furniture yang sesuai dengan tuntutan ekspor, adapun identifikasi potensi produksi sebagai pertimbangan di dalam pengembangan desain. Luaran yang dicapai adalah desain furniture ukir kayu, prototype furniture knockdown dan beragam jenis desain ukiran, baik diproses manual maupun masinal. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan multidisiplin bidang desain, teknologi, dan manajemen pemasaran. ABSTRACTThe furniture industry in Jepara is undergoing a process of change in anticipating the export market. Furniture designs produced tend to follow the desires and needs of the global market which barely displays wood carvings in their furniture designs. In fact, Jepara wood carving is an advantage of Jepara which has been developed for generations, hundreds of years. It seems that the potential for carving wood is not empowered as a means of export competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to develop wooden carved furniture designs that are tailored to the demands and desires of consumers in the export market. In the context of this research, design development is carried out after identifying the export market in the global market and identifying the production potential of the Jepara industry. Market identification produces furniture design characteristics that are in line with export demands, while the identification of production potential as a consideration in design development. The achieved output is wood carved furniture design, prototype knockdown furniture and various types of carving designs, both processed manually and masinal. This qualitative research uses a multidisciplinary approach in the fields of design, technology, and marketing management.
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LAGODIIENKO, Volodymyr, Olexander BOGDANOV, and Vladyslav LAGODIIENKO. "PLACE AND ROLE OF UKRAINE IN THE WORLD WHEAT MARKET." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-33.
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Introduction. Wheat production is a leading industry in both the agricultural sector and the public sector as a whole. This is due to his crucial role in ensuring the food security of the country. Considering the leading role of wheat grain in the list of Ukrainian export commodities, there is a need to find a compromise between ensuring the country's food security and increasing the presence of these Ukrainian products on the global market. The purpose of the article is assessment of the place and determination of the role of Ukrainian producers in the world wheat grain market, identification of factors that impede the expansion of the presence of relevant domestic products in the global market. Results. The analysis of world production, final stocks and consumption of wheat grain has allowed to determine the increase of production volumes with excess of consumption rates, which led to price stabilization. An analysis of the volume and structure of world wheat grain exports has made it possible to determine that Ukraine is in the top ten. The largest importers of Ukrainian wheat in Europe are Italy and Spain; Indonesia, Bangladesh and Thailand in Asia. Asia in the overall structure in the 2014-2018 average had about 49 %. Africa ranks second after Asia, with a volume of 28 %, with half imported by Egypt. The prospects for the markets of Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia for export of Ukrainian grain have been substantiated, taking into account trends in population growth, complications of natural conditions for cultivation and low transportation costs. The cost forecast of 1 wheat metric ton for the future is made. The grain market segment occupied by Ukraine according to the quality of its products is considered. The price and quality of imported and exported wheat grain in Ukraine are analyzed. The necessity of increasing the volume of mineral fertilizers application to increase the yield to prove the problem of these disproportions has been proved. Conclusions. Quality of products will become a key factor of competitiveness in the world market of wheat production in the near future. North African countries – Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia – are a promising direction for expanding global markets for Ukrainian wheat. The biggest problem for domestic producers of wheat grain is its poor quality in many parameters. To improve the quality, it is necessary to significantly increase the amount of application of minimal fertilizers. Keywords: wheat grain, world market, production, consumption, final stocks, forecast, slowdown, export, price, quality, fertilizers.
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ZHUMASHEVA, S. T., L. T. ALSHEMBAYEVA, and B. N. SABENOVA. "PRODUCTION OF EXPORT-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN KAZAKHSTAN IN TERMS OF THE EAEU." Problems of AgriMarket 4 (December 15, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.06.
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The system of measures of public support for production of export-oriented agricultural products in Kazakhstan and the EAEU member States is considered, directions for its improvement are determined. Indicators of production of gross domestic product, gross agricultural output, the share of crop production industry in it on average for 2015-2019 are presented. The prospects for export of domestic food have been studied; for this purpose, it is necessary to strengthen agricultural specialization of each industry. The authors note that phytosanitary measures are currently not regulated, there is no unified method for calculating the level of support, unified requirements for obtaining breeding products, a unified procedure for animal identification, unified rules for laboratory research and veterinary control. It is required to systematize and harmonize the existing tools and mechanisms for the development of the branches of agroindustrial complex of the republic in order to form a single market for the States of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as develop sectoral programs. The article substantiates the need for systematic public support for the development of agro-industrial complex, aimed at meeting the needs of the domestic market and the implementation of centralized policy to promote exports. It is shown that environmental friendliness is one of the main competitive advantages of food products in the republic, contributing to the strengthening of Kazakhstan's positions on external sales market. The structure of exports of Kazakhstani agricultural products should be focused on reducing the share of raw materials in favor of agricultural products with high added value. In industries with high export potential, large specialized commodity zones and optimal flows of goods will be formed in order to ensure the country's food security..
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Zhumasheva, S. T., L. T. Alshembayeva, and B. N. Sabenova. "PRODUCTION OF EXPORT-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN KAZAKHSTAN IN TERMS OF THE EAEU." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.06.
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The system of measures of public support for production of export-oriented agricultural products in Kazakhstan and the EAEU member States is considered, directions for its improvement are determined. Indicators of production of gross domestic product, gross agricultural output, the share of crop production industry in it on average for 2015-2019 are presented. The prospects for export of domestic food have been studied; for this purpose, it is necessary to strengthen agricultural specialization of each industry. The authors note that phytosanitary measures are currently not regulated, there is no unified method for calculating the level of support, unified requirements for obtaining breeding products, a unified procedure for animal identification, unified rules for laboratory research and veterinary control. It is required to systematize and harmonize the existing tools and mechanisms for the development of the branches of agro-industrial complex of the republic in order to form a single market for the States of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as develop sectoral programs. The article substantiates the need for systematic public support for the development of agro-industrial complex, aimed at meeting the needs of the domestic market and the implementation of centralized policy to promote exports. It is shown that environmental friendliness is one of the main competitive advantages of food products in the republic, contributing to the strengthening of Kazakhstan's positions on external sales market. The structure of exports of Kazakhstani agricultural products should be focused on reducing the share of raw materials in favor of agricultural products with high added value. In industries with high export potential, large specialized commodity zones and optimal flows of goods will be formed in order to ensure the country's food security.
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Mukaffis, Zaim. "ANALISIS POLA KLASTER DAN ORIENTASI PASAR (STUDI KASUS PADA SENTRA INDUSTRI KRIPIK TEMPE SANAN KOTA MALANG, 2014)." J-PIPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jpips.v1i2.6823.
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<p>The purpose of this study is to analyze cluster patterns and market orientation (Case study in center of keripik tempe industries in sanan Malang 2014). Biographical characteristics are consists of age, gender, religion, owners education level of the owners, labor education, and wealth. Total sample in the research are 38 respondents. For the purpose, this study uses Cluster Analysis to analyze cluster pattern refers to the variable in the Markussen model (1996) and Logistic Regression Model is used in this study to analyze the important factors that distinguish export-oriented industries and domestic-oriented industries. The results of the identification of the proposed cluster patterns Markusen, it can be concluded that the pattern of industrial district of keripik tempe industries in sanan Malang Regency follows the pattern of clusters Marshallian and the Hub and Spoke. The results of binary logistic regression model analysis in this study showed that of seven independent variables, there are two variables that significantly influence the export market orientation of the age of business and the active promotion. While the training, the labor, the buyer network, technology and network suppliers of raw materials has no effect on export market orientation</p><p>Keywords: Cluster Patterns, Market Orientation, Marshallian, Hub and Spoke</p>
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Amalina, Ade Ayu Fleury, Tanti Novianti, and Alla Asmara. "Analisis Kinerja Perdagangan Indonesia ke Negara Potensial Benua Afrika." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 7, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.7.1.43-59.
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Trade liberalization generates higher commodity export opportunities between countries. The export opportunities to the African countries are evidenced by the high average growth of the total export values from Indonesia to Africa in 2011-2016, amounting to 5.886%. The aim of this research is to determine the potential importing African countries through the identification of export value and share, evaluate the performance and trade integration between Indonesia and the African countries through RCA, EPD and IIT methods. The results showed that South Africa with commodities like HS 71, 15, 40, 87 and 84 and Egypt with HS 15, 55, 40, 48 and 84, could be potential export destinations for Indonesia in 2011-2016. The Indonesian HS 71, 15 and 40 commodities in South Africa and Egypt i.e. HS 15, 55, 40, and 48, face tremendous competitivity. The potential Indonesian commodities in the South African market with HS codes of 15, 84, and 87 were considered as Falling Star while HS 71 and 40 were in retreating position. The HS 15 and 55 in the Egyptian market were in the position of Falling Star, with HS 40, 48, and 84 in the Retreat position. In South Africa, the HS commodities 71, 15, 40 and HS 87 were weakly integrated while the HS 50 had a strong integration. Keywords: African, RCA, EPD, IIT JEL classification: C23, F10, F13
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Amalina, Ade Ayu Fleury, Tanti Novianti, and Alla Asmara. "Analisis Kinerja Perdagangan Indonesia ke Negara Potensial Benua Afrika." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 7, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.7.1.2018.43-59.
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Trade liberalization generates higher commodity export opportunities between countries. The export opportunities to the African countries are evidenced by the high average growth of the total export values from Indonesia to Africa in 2011-2016, amounting to 5.886%. The aim of this research is to determine the potential importing African countries through the identification of export value and share, evaluate the performance and trade integration between Indonesia and the African countries through RCA, EPD and IIT methods. The results showed that South Africa with commodities like HS 71, 15, 40, 87 and 84 and Egypt with HS 15, 55, 40, 48 and 84, could be potential export destinations for Indonesia in 2011-2016. The Indonesian HS 71, 15 and 40 commodities in South Africa and Egypt i.e. HS 15, 55, 40, and 48, face tremendous competitivity. The potential Indonesian commodities in the South African market with HS codes of 15, 84, and 87 were considered as Falling Star while HS 71 and 40 were in retreating position. The HS 15 and 55 in the Egyptian market were in the position of Falling Star, with HS 40, 48, and 84 in the Retreat position. In South Africa, the HS commodities 71, 15, 40 and HS 87 were weakly integrated while the HS 50 had a strong integration. Keywords: African, RCA, EPD, IIT JEL classification: C23, F10, F13
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КУШХОВА, Бэла, Bela Kushkhova, Залина Иванова, Zalina Ivanova, Хадис Таусолтанов, and Khadis Tausoltanov. "State and prospects of the export potential of agriculture in the North Caucasus." Agrarian Bulletin of the 190, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/article_5dcd861ea87111.98018774.
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Abstract. Recently, agriculture has seen a slowdown in growth. The reason for the latter is seen in the peculiar saturation and increase of competition in the domestic market of agri-food products. In this situation, one of the areas and sources of stimulating the growth of agriculture is the development of exports, the search for new foreign markets. The aim is to empirically test the hypothesis of agricultural exports as a factor in the growth of agriculture and the regional economy with the dominant agri-food sector, and to formulate the directions and tools of raising export capacity in agriculture in the North Caucasus. The empirical basis for verification of the provisions is the data of official statistics, systematized in the collections of Rosstat from 2005 to 2017, as well as the sample data of the authors. The methodical basis is a set of statistical, economic and mathematical and descriptive methods that provide analysis of empirical (statistical) data, identification of dynamic and structural trends in agricultural exports to agricultural products North Caucasus and the wording of proposals to ensure efficient use of export potential in agriculture of North Caucasus entities. The article explores the state, dynamic and structural trends in the export and import of food products and agricultural raw materials in the North Caucasus. The novelty of the results: (a) the dependence of agricultural exports on the volume of gross agricultural products, as well as the retail turnover of food products and imports, has been identified, formalized and quantified; (b) The wording of the conclusion on the stimulating role of exports and imports of food and agricultural raw materials on the dynamics of the gross agricultural output of the macro-region, while achieving the limit by other factors (Manufacturing and consumer) growth; (c) proposals to increase the volume and efficiency of food exports and agricultural raw materials in the North Caucasus. The results are new both on the object of the study (agriculture of the North Caucasus) and on the statistics used. In some cases, they confirm previous results of other authors, in others represent new trends in the development of macro and regional agriculture.
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Ivanova, Svetlana V., and Artyom V. Latyshov. "Trade of the EAEU Countries in Agricultural Products: Trends, Conflicts, Factors." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-4-120-134.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of domestic and foreign trade of the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU) of agri-food products; identification and assessment of current trends, growth factors and imbalances in the light of efforts to create a unified agricultural policy of the member States of the Union. It is determined that Russia's successful implementation of the priority project «Export of agricultural products» contributed to the increase in grain exports to third countries in spite of the limited effective demand within the EAEU. The largest contribution to exports within the five countries, especially in terms of livestock products, makes Belarus with a significant negative balance of its trade in agricultural products with countries outside the Union. The free trade agreement with Vietnam stimulates export from Russia with mainly wheat, which strengthens its position as a source of agricultural raw materials without shifting the focus to products of deep processing. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that agriculture is officially recognized as a strategic industry, and food security is an integral part of the national security of the country. It is of interest to study the formation of a single agricultural market within the EAEU and the realities of foreign trade with third countries.
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Lenka, Fojtíková. "China’s trade competitiveness in the area of agricultural products after the implementation of the World Trade Organization commitments." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 9 (September 27, 2018): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/163/2017-agricecon.
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The paper provides evidence on the implementation of China’s trade commitments into its institutional and legal environment, which influenced its agricultural trade. The contribution to the trade balance index and the revealed comparative advantage index are used for the identification of changes in China’s export competitiveness in agricultural products between 2001 and 2015. The World Trade Organization (WTO) trade liberalisation, followed by changes in the structure of economy, contributed to China building a trade deficit in the area of the agricultural products and losing competitiveness in some products. China gradually liberalised its agricultural trade in compliance with the WTO commitments. However, relatively high protection or state regulation of the domestic market has remained in products that China exports with a revealed comparative disadvantage. The existence of the state trading can also have a negative impact on the results of China’s revealed comparative advantage in its exports of agricultural products.
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Zeng, Yan. "Exploring Factors Affecting the Development of Export-Oriented Garment Industry: Facing the Global Competitiveness Challenges." International Business Research 13, no. 6 (May 8, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n6p20.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect the development of exported-oriented garment industry facing the global competitiveness challenges.This study examines competitiveness challenges of export-oriented garment industry by testing the research hypotheses.The basis of this study lies in understanding what kind of competitiveness challenges in terms of resource-based, dynamic capabilities and market-based factors. In this study, a purposeful sample of 250 sectors was drawn from total 359 Thailand exported-oriented garment sectors and a total of 211 respondents fully answered the required questions. Study participants were garment supervisors and managers, in garment industry over 5 years. The data collection includes questionnaire investigation for quantitative factor analysis method. Specifically, this study provides empirical evidence on the specific channels and mechanisms through what principal factor within current garment sectors. The findings showed the factors influence the competitiveness challenges of export-oriented garment industry. Therefore, the competitiveness challenges conceptual model emerged with respect to this industry.The model, which identified the main competitive hurdles that export-oriented garment industry faces (i.e., challenges relates to productivity, lead-time, collaboration, opportunity identification, quick response and risk identification factors). Additionally, the author presents Tai export-oriented garment industry current situation, which revealed this strong buy-driven industry needs to restructure their strategies to focus high value added activities and to enhance their competitiveness.
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Cárdenas, Juan Carlos Sierra, Carolina Gómez Rodríguez, Edgar Emilio Sánchez Buendía, and Maribel Pinilla Rivera. "Viabilidad financiera para la producción y exportación de gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) hacia el mercado español." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 14, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol14_num1_art:266.
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<p>Se determinó la viabilidad financiera para la producción y exportación de gulupa (<em>Passiflora edulis </em>Sims) hacia el mercado español, involucrando aspectos ambientales, técnicos y económicos. Se presentan las diferentes alternativas de producción de la gulupa, el proceso de comercialización y la exportación a España, fundamentadas en métodos de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio que implicaron la caracterización, identificación y diagnóstico situacional. Adicionalmente, se analizaron los comportamientos del mercado, los hábitos de consumo de los españoles, importaciones y exportaciones, y las relaciones económicas y políticas entre los dos países. De esta forma se encontraron las potencialidades de la gulupa, los costos que implican la construcción del cultivo y los beneficios financieros que tendría el productor al cosechar gulupa de calidad exportable, que satisfagan la demanda del mercado español. Lo anterior sustentado por la viabilidad financiera que alcanza después de recuperar el capital invertido y cubrir el costo de oportunidad, así como su recuperación de la inversión inicial en el sexto año.</p><p><strong>Financial viability for the production of gulupa (<em>Passiflora edulis </em>Sims) and for its exportation to the Spanish market</strong></p><p>This article establishes the financial viability for the production and export of gulupa (<em>Passiflora edulis </em>Sims) to the Spanish market, including environmental, technical and economic elements. Several alternatives are presented for gulupa production, the marketing process and export to Spain, based on descriptive and exploratory methods that involved the characterization, identification and situational analysis. Additionally, we analyzed the behavior of the market, the consumption habits in Spanish, imports and exports, and economic and political relations between the two countries. By this approach it was possible to find the potential of gulupa production, the costs involved in crop development and the financial benefits it obtain by the gulupa producer to export quality products that meet Spanish market demand. This financial viability is met by reaching the invested capital recovering and to cover the opportunity cost as well as recovery of the initial investment in the sixth year.</p>
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Andriushchenko, Kateryna, Ganna Gurina, Elvira Danilova, Viktoriia Zalizniuk, Oleg Platonov, and Vitalii Tkachuk. "Formation Of An Integrated Structural Assessment Of The Export Potential Of The Aviation Complex." Acta Innovations, no. 39 (May 28, 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.39.5.
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Successful operation and development of enterprises in modern conditions involves the expansion of markets. The company's entry into international markets requires the formation of its international competitive strategy, identification of competitive advantages in the markets of selected countries, and this, in turn, implies the need for export potential of the company. In determining the export potential of the aviation complex, it is necessary to consider the specific features of enterprises in this industry, among which we can highlight the features of the products of aviation enterprises and the features of the international aviation market. To qualitatively assess the level of economic potential, we propose to use a system of classification features, developed based on the well-known Harrington scale, but slightly modified by the authors in relation to the calculated data and available statistical information. The phases of the life cycle of the economic potential of the enterprise are determined. Not only the quantitative and qualitative level of economic potential are important, but also the changes associated with the passage of time. In order to determine the importance of indicators in each group, methods of component analysis of the characteristics of variation series of the results of the survey of experts were used. When comparing the variation of different features in one set with different average value, we use the relative indicators of variation - coefficients of variation. The obtained result together with the results of application of the method of component analysis allows us to conclude that in the formation of the integrated indicator of the first group (K1) it is enough to consider these five indicators, and the most important of them are two: technological processes to other activities.
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Rud, Victoria. "VEGETABLE GROWING IN THE FOOD MARKET SYSTEM: PECULIARITIES, TENDENCIES, PROSPECTS." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.3-4.5.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is the analysis of the current state of vegetable production in Ukraine, identification of the main problems of its development, identification of areas for stabilization and improving the efficiency of the vegetable sub-complex in the future. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study was scientific papers on the formation and functioning of the vegetable market. The following methods were used: dialectical, abstract and logical, system analysis (theoretical generalizations and conclusions); mathematical and statistical, the method of expert assessments (when establishing a rating assessment of the level of vegetable yield). Findings. The analysis of production indicators, sown areas and yield levels of major crops for the period 2000-2019 in Ukraine, Europe and the world was carried out. The peculiarities of the development of the vegetable sub-complex in the system of the national food market are determined. Aspects of formation of food security of Ukraine on the basis of an estimation of levels of manufacture and consumption, volumes of export and import are considered. The level of food security of the country in 2015 and 2019 was determined by calculating the indicator of economic affordability of products and indicators of adequacy of consumption of different groups of products in Ukraine in 2019. The reasons of unsatisfactory condition of the vegetable sub-complex are analysed, the general strategy and priority directions of development of vegetable growing and melon growing and processing branch for the period till 2025 are stated. Originality. The study of trends in the development of the vegetable industry for the 20-year period (2000-2019) in Ukraine, CIS countries, regions of the world and a comparison of the rate of change of these indicators for this period was further developed. Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be used in the development of sectoral and regional strategic policy documents for the development of vegetable growing, as well as agricultural enterprises in determining further guidelines for their own development. Key words: food security, vegetable growing, production dynamics, consumption, innovative development.
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Fedosieieva, Hanna S. "The Role of United Territorial Communities in the Development Foreign Economic Activity of Agricultural Producers." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 1 (2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2020.87.08.
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The paper describes the mechanism of cooperation between the united territorial communities and agricultural producers. An example of the activities of a particular rural territorial community identifies the benefits of such cooperation for each participant. In particular, the most important positive results for the united territorial communities are the development of employment of the local population; development of social and rehabilitation of industrial infrastructure; an increase in the average wage; reducing the rate of migration of young people. The system of measures to be taken by the united territorial community in order to stimulate the export operations of local agricultural producers is justified. The factors that should be taken into account by agricultural producers in the process of joint development of the strategy of entering the foreign market are identified: identification of the object and the country of export; study of legislation in the field of agricultural imports of the partner country; the possibility of involving an external specialist in foreign economic activity and international certification; search for a foreign partner; calculation of economic efficiency of the planned export operation; others. The export options are presented for certain agricultural producers, taking into account their modern specialization, the possibility of diversification of activities, the volume of agricultural lands, the export price for certain types of products, promising markets, and the available competitive advantages. The focus is on the expediency of exporting niche types of agricultural products, including white beans. In addition, the emphasis is placed on the need to consolidate the provisions of mutually beneficial parity cooperation and to determine the parameters of a concrete positive effect of such cooperation for the united territorial community. Keywords: agricultural producer, export, foreign economic activity, united territorial community.
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Miocevic, Dario, and Robert E. Morgan. "Operational capabilities and entrepreneurial opportunities in emerging market firms." International Marketing Review 35, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 320–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2015-0270.
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Purpose The academic inquiry of operational capabilities (OCs) has claimed focal interest in mainstream strategy research. Recent theoretical advances suggest these capabilities are a fundamental trigger to the identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. However, the extant literature has been, at best, partial with regard to empirical insights that integrate OCs with entrepreneurial opportunities. Addressing this theoretical lacuna from the standpoint of organisational learning theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the interplay between OCs and entrepreneurial opportunities and their overall impact on exporting SME’s growth. Design/methodology/approach To realise the empirical aims a descriptive research design employing a survey methodology was used. The authors are generated data from a sample of 117 exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Croatia. Ordinary least squares regression was employed to test the conceptual model and five derived hypotheses. Findings The findings demonstrate that market-sensing capabilities are vital in enhancing exporting SME’s opportunity recognition capacity and the rate of international opportunity exploitation that leads to increased firm growth. Also, study findings show that the link between the increased rate of international opportunity exploitation contributes more to the growth when exporting SMEs have highly developed adaptive and innovation capabilities. Research limitations/implications This study brings to surface some novel insights about how exporting SMEs can better design their export marketing strategy. The results suggest, OCs occupy key role in the exporting SMEs international venturing efforts by delivering higher growth. Originality/value The study contributes to the export marketing strategy field by offering empirical evidence that both capability and opportunity-based views should be assessed simultaneously in explaining exporting SME’s competitiveness. Finally, we offer valuable theoretical and practical implications as well as avenues for further research that should extend our knowledge in the field.
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Sergienko, Olena, Olena Shapran, Oleksandr Bilotserkivskyi, and Iryna Alieksieieva. "MULTI-SCALE MODEL ELABORATION FOR CREDITWORTHINESS DIAGNOSTICS OF EXPORT PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE MARKET." EUREKA: Social and Humanities 6 (November 30, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2019.001082.
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The methodology for the agrarian enterprises’ creditworthiness diagnostic has been developed and implemented, and has allowed to solve the following objectives: conducting of observations and evaluating of financially-economic indicators, classification of enterprises by the level of creditworthiness, distinction and identification enterprises according to the level of creditworthiness and assessing the differences between classes by creditworthiness, with taking into account the sizes of enterprises. Based on the use of the complex of multidimensional analytical methods, the differences are defined under either one-dimensional evaluation system (by creditworthiness and size) or a two-level assessment of the joint cross impact of factors on creditworthiness. The proposed four-step technology for diagnosing of the agrarian enterprises creditworthiness substantially expands the components of the creditworthiness level evaluation of enterprises and, as a consequence, improves the timeliness of decision-making process about identifying and locating of weaknesses and "bottlenecks". The coverage of a sufficient number of financial and economic indicators and the implementation of a wide range of methods and models enable to fully evaluate and analyze the existing state of creditworthiness with a view to improve and establish the effective functioning of the enterprise as a whole.
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Kovalchuk, Lyudmila. "Entry of Trans-Baikal Enterprises into Chinese Markets: the Problem of Formulating an Effective Marketing Strategy." Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(3).433-439.
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In terms of science, entry of an enterprise into a foreign market is a problem of internationalization. Investigation of this issue over the past decades has allowed us to form a scientific base, which represents the process of internationalization of a national company as a complex process that includes both organizational and marketing aspects. In particular, success of an entry is ensured by taking into account the needs of foreign customers, as well as passing through a number of stages, accompanied by the identification of peculiarities of the foreign market and the accumulation of experience necessary for promotion on the international market. The entry of Trans-Baikal Territory into the Far Eastern Federal District and the opportunity to use additional benefits for business that has arisen opens up great opportunities for entrepreneurs to create new products, introduce new technologies, reduce costs and, thus, open up prospects for promotion on foreign markets. From the point of view of international business theories, the start of operation in foreign markets should be connected with the markets of neighboring countries. For the manufacturers of Trans-Baikal Territory, China is such a market. At the same time, its attractiveness is determined by a number of market factors. Consideration of these factors makes it necessary to develop an international marketing complex for each exporter. The problem is that most of the exporting enterprises representing small and medium-sized businesses lack experience and financial capabilities to develop an international marketing mix. The article shows the possibilities of solving the problem, taking into account the characteristics of the Chinese market. The most promising areas for the development of international business are the production of agricultural and food products. The national project «International Cooperation and Export» allows using the competitive advantages of the Trans-Baikal producers and provides them with a sufficiently strong position in the future.
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Juchniewicz, Małgorzata, and Magdalena Łada. "Diversification of the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in EU." International Journal of Management and Economics 56, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0006.
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Abstract The high-technology sector has a particular importance in the development of modern national economies. It affects both the level of competitiveness and innovation. This was a prerequisite for the study to assess the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the European Union (EU) countries. The starting point of the discussion was the definition of the concept of competitiveness, the competitive position of the advanced technology industry, and the classification of the high-tech sector. Based on the selected indicators, the competitive position and the rank of countries have been established. As for this, the indicators of the export share of the advanced technology sector in the intra-export market, the profitability of the high-tech sector, and the degree of export–import coverage were used. Based on the adopted indicators, a synthetic indicator of a competitive position has also been calculated which enabled determination of the most competitive country in the EU in reference to the industry. This enabled the identification of factors influencing the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the EU member countries.
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Rodriguez, Pablo, Juan Camilo Henao, Guillermo Correa, and Ana Aristizabal. "Identification of Harvest Maturity Indicators for ‘Hass’ Avocado Adaptable to Field Conditions." HortTechnology 28, no. 6 (December 2018): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04025-18.
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‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit in high demand in international markets, and Colombia is expanding its export to the United States. Avocado quality and shelf life are related to its harvest time. However, there is not enough information on harvest indicators in Colombia that allow producers to adequately harvest fruit to comply with market requirements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate maturity indicators during two harvest periods. We harvested fruit between the years 2016 and 2017 in eight farms distributed in three regions of the Department of Antioquia, Colombia, and selected those in the postanthesis stages. We assessed variables such as fruit color, weight, dimensions, oil content (OC), and dry matter (DM). The results were analyzed using simple and multiple regressions as well as by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a high linear relation between DM and OC (R2 ≥ 78.88) and a significant relation between OC, rainfall, fruit development time, and environmental temperature. Nondestructive indicators that allow the establishment of DM in the field (R2 ≥ 73.57) varied according to the region and included fruit color (L*, b*), volume (P ≤ 0.05), and fruit development time. These indicators could reduce maturity heterogeneity during the harvest period.
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Kalauni, Dharmendra, and Arati Joshi. "Value chain analysis of Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxburg) in Bhojpur, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i1.27102.
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Large Cardamom is a high value spice crop having substantial export potential. The study was conducted on Feb-May, 2019 in Arun rural municipality, Bhojpur municipality and Sadananda municipality with an objective to analyze existing value chain of Large Cardamom in Bhojpur district of Nepal. In total, 150 Large Cardamom growers were selected using purposive sampling technique. In addition to that, 17 traders from the Bhojpur, Khadbari and Birtamod were also selected for the study. Findings showed that farmers were interested in Large Cardamom industry due to good return and high profit margin per unit of commodity. The benefit-cost ratio was found higher in Arun village municipality (1.735), followed by Sadananda municipality (1.467) and Bhojpur municipality (1.263). Increasing disease and pest attack and low seasonal price are the major problem in production and marketing of Large Cardamom respectively. Harvested capsules of Large Cardamom were dried using traditional drier (bhatti) that make the dried capsules prone to quality degradation. Value addition practices such as grading, tail cutting were found poor in farmer level. Producer’s share and marketing efficiency were found highest when farmers sell their product directly to exporter and lowest in domestic market channel. Demand and supply of Large Cardamom in Indian market was most determining factor for price fixation of Nepalese Large Cardamom. Thus from the study it is recommended to improve production process through appropriate mechanization, along with possible efforts in identification of potential international markets and possible ways for direct export to third countries which could help farmers to receive higher price.
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Capobianco-Uriarte, María de las Mercedes, Juan Carlos Gázquez-Abad, Jaime De Pablo-Valenciano, and María del Pilar Casado-Belmonte. "INFLUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF COUNTRY PROFILES WITHIN THE EUROPEAN TOMATO MARKET." Journal of Business Economics and Management 22, no. 3 (May 7, 2021): 823–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.14468.
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The objectives of this work are to determine the profiles of the countries that make up the European tomato consuming market and to observe if the economic-financial crisis (2007/2008) has influenced them. Both Lafay’s economic indicators were applied and country profiles and subprofiles were identified through a multilevel two-stage cluster analysis. The empirical analysis covers the period from 2005 to 2016, separated into two periods, pre-crisis (2005–2010) and post-crisis (2011–2016). Most countries obtained import and export profiles that coincide in both indices, Except in Italy. Only one post-crisis profile change was detected, this being for Greece, from an importer to an exporter. As a result of the initial two-stage clustering analysis (both in the pre-crisis and post-crisis period), three clusters were obtained. At the first level of clustering, Italy is identified with a producer profile and Spain and the Netherlands with an exporter profile. At the second level of clustering of the initial larger group, two clusters were identified, Germany and the United Kingdom with an importing sub-profile, and France and Belgium with an exporting sub-profile. In the transition from the pre-crisis to the post-crisis period, Portugal changed from a producer sub-profile to an exporter sub-profile.
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Medvedeva, Lyudmila, and Elena Ivanova. "Analysis of long-term trends of world prices for agricultural products." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308033.
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The issues related to the long-term pricing process in the world market of agricultural products are discussed in the paper. It is noted that international trade of agro-industrial products, namely the fishery commodities, is one of the key components of the global economy. A detailed analysis of export prices for agricultural products was carried out along with the current trend identification. It is noted that a qualitative analysis of long-term trends of changes of world prices for agricultural products, namely fishery products, can serve as a basis for strategic forecasting of development of the most important sectors of the Russian economy.
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Fiorineschi, Lorenzo, Francesco Saverio Frillici, and Federico Rotini. "Patent Classification as Stimulus for Inspiring New Applications of Existing Knowledge." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 1813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.187.
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AbstractThis paper aims to provide suggestions for the identification of potential new applications for the existing knowledge. A method is presented for extracting information about a product or technology, processing the international patent database (IPD) and extracting useful hints for potential new applications. The approach uses the Cooperative Patent Classification as stimulus for inspiring new potential fields towards which export existing product or technologies. Although some limits inevitably affect the approach, relevant directions for future developments have been inferred for a more comprehensive exploitation of both the firm internal knowledge and the suggestions provided by the international patent database. The achieved results can support firms in expanding market opportunities for their products or technologies.
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Tyagi, Ruchi. "Meerut Embroidery Cluster: A Case Study." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 1, no. 2 (December 2012): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977912459445.
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This study tries to integrate marketing, backward–forward linkages and agency support to handicraft cluster in Meerut. The cluster has a large artisan base and opportunities of large domestic market and export potential. However, it lacks transportation facility, an organized infrastructure, networking, production line approach and designer input. There is a need for technological upgradation. The case throws light on the development of embroidery, presenting a broad view of Indian embroidery history with its diversity and the turning point in embroidery with the advent of new technology. The case takes up for study Meerut embroidery cluster with objectives of identification of areas of intervention for inclusive growth by integrating marketing with product development and designing.
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De Silva, DPN, JLCS Perera, HSD Fernando, RRMKP Ranatunga, and BGDNK De Silva. "Molecular identification of the genus Molicola larvae from swordfish (Xiphias gladius) captured in Sri Lanka by ribosomal subunit gene sequencing." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v10i1.20905.
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Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is a migratory fish commercially exploited due to high export value. Presence of parasites in fish lead to economic losses in the export market and public health issues. This study was conducted to identify the parasite larvae inhabiting swordfish and to determine its phylogenetic origin using ribosomal subunit gene sequence. Parasite samples were extracted from swordfish muscles and five larvae belong to Molicola genus, confirmed by scolex morphology, were used for genomic DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunit genes followed by Sanger sequencing. DNA sequences were edited by BioEdit software and assembled by CLC genomics version 8.0. Consensus sequences were aligned with NCBI blast to determine the species status. Isolated larval sequences were best aligned with genus Molicola followed by genus Gymnorhyncha. Out of the two published Molicola rRNA gene sequences, 99% identity was observed with Molicola sp. HP5 isolate from Indonesia. Due to lack of sequence data on other Molicola species (except M. thyristes) for comparison, our sequences were published as Molicola sp. Sri Lankan isolates. This is the first record of Molicola sp. in swordfish from Sri Lanka and the results will enhance the knowledge on the distribution of Molicola species while contributing to expand the genetic information on rRNA coding sequences.
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Ghimire, Suresh K., Bandana Awasthi, Santhosh Rana, Hum Kala Rana, Rameshwar Bhattarai, and Dipesh Pyakurel. "Export of medicinal and aromatic plant materials from Nepal." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 10 (November 1, 2016): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v10i0.21020.
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Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been identified as one of the potential high value commodities in Nepal with huge prospects for economic development. However, data about MAP consumption, volumes of trade and levels of demand are inadequate. In Nepal, there is a general lack of reliable trade data that constrains the estimation of total amount of MAPs in trade. This study aims to assess current trends in volume and value of MAP commodities exported from Nepal and identify the major destination countries. We mainly used formal trade data of Nepalese MAP products over the last 10 years (2005 to 2014) from the repository of UN COMTRADE database accessed via TRADE MAP. Results indicated that the export value of MAP products increased from USD 27.49 million in 2005 to USD 60.09 million in 2014 (mean for the last 10 years being USD 39.34 million) and this increment is primarily due to increase in price, as the trade volume follows decreasing trend over the same periods. The average annual export amount of Nepalese MAP products for the last 10 years has been calculated to be 13.23 thousand tons (range 10.77–20.25 thousand tons). The rise in export value of MAP products indicates increasing demand of MAPs globally. Nepalese MAP commodities were exported to almost 50 destinations. In terms of volume, India has been the major importer of MAP materials all these years. However, China stood top among the countries sharing high value to Nepalese MAP trade. The trade statistics show that, for the total trade value considering the MAP materials at broad category, the export of products (e.g., spices and flavors) other than listed in HS code 1211 should also be considered for appropriate valuation. Despite the decrease in trade amount, spices and flavors have fetched a gradually increasing price per unit volume which is apparent by the fact that these herbs have ever increasing market demand. Nepal can reap maximum benefit from growing international demand of MAPs given that Government impose strict check in borders to minimize the underestimation, train concerned authorities in proper identification of MAPs products and help to develop species-specific 8- and 10-digit HS Codes for proper documentation of imports and exports of MAPs products.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 24–32
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Deswati, Rismutia Hayu, Tajerin Tajerin, and Budi Wardono. "SERTIFIKAT MUTU SEBAGAI SALAH SATU JENIS HAMBATAN NON TARIF PERDAGANGAN TUNA DAN UDANG: DEFINISI, JENIS DAN PERMASALAHANNYA." Buletin Ilmiah Marina Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 2, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v2i2.4962.
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Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara pengekspor tuna dan udang tertinggi dengan negara tujuan USA, UE dan Jepang. Setiap tahunnya volume ekspor tuna dan udang mengalami peningkatan dengan pasar yang semakin luas. Pada dunia perdagangan internasional dikenal dua jenis hambatan ekspor yaitu hambatan tarif dan non tarif. Di kala berita mengenai hilangnya hambatan tarif sebenarnya di satu sisi meningkatkan jumlah hambatan non tarif yang diberlakukan negara pengimpor. Salah satu jenis hambatan non tarif yang sedang menjadi topik hangat adalah mengenai sertifikat mutu ikan yang terdiri atas berbagai jenis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memaparkan jenis-jenis sertifikat mutu yang secara sukarela bisa dilengkapi untuk memperluas peluang pasar bagi ekspor tuna dan udang. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat berbagai jenis sertifikat mutu yang harus dilengkapi eksportir diantaranya SKP, HACCP, BRC, BAP, MSC, ASC dan ISO 22000. Setiap sertifikat mengeluarkan biaya yang mahal dengan jangka waktu berlakunya sertifikat tidak lama antara 1-2 tahun saja. Permasalahan terkait pengurusan sertifikasi mutu jika tidak dibantu oleh Pemerintah Pusat ke depannya akan menjadi hambatan non tarif yang mengancam keberlanjutan usaha pengolahan tuna dan udang yang ada di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu butuh peran serta dan sinergi yang baik antara Pemerintah pusat dan eksportir untuk mengakomodir permasalahan ini.Title: Identification Of Quality Certificate As One Type Of Tuna Tradebarriers To Non Rates And ShrimpIndonesia is one of the highest exporter of tuna and shrimp products with destination markets such as USA, EU and Japan. Each year, the tuna and shrimp export volume increased by an expand broad market. There are two types of export barriers in international trade, tariff and non tariff barriers. Elimination of tariff barriers did not necessarily make reduced international trade barriers, non-tariff barriers actually increased. One of non-tariff barriers is the quality certificates of fish consisting of various types. The purpose of this study to describe the types of voluntary quality certificate can be equipped to expand market opportunities for the export of tuna and shrimp. The result showed that there are different types of quality certificate exporters must have, such as : SKP, HACCP, BRC, BAP, MSC, ASC and ISO 22000. Each certificate is highly cost and only have a validity period of 1-2 years. Problems related to the maintenance of quality certification if it is not helped by the central government in the future, will become non-tariff barriers that threaten the sustainability of tuna and shrimp processing business in Indonesia. Therefore, need the participation and synergy between the central government and exporter to form a certification body to accommodate a wide range of export certification services.
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Van Niekerk, Antoinette, and Wilma Viviers. "Promoting sustainable economic growth in South Africa through the production and export of low-carbon environmental goods." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 4 (August 29, 2014): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i4.607.
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Many countries, particularly those in the developing world, are under increasing pressure to improve their growth rates in order to tackle pressing economic problems at the domestic level. Increasing export volumes can make a positive contribution to a country’s economic growth rate, but it can also endanger the environment. How to reconcile the often conflicting phenomena of increased export activity, stronger economic growth and a lower carbon footprint is the focus of this study. A core outcome of the study was the creation of a single list using a cross-section of international sources, of low-carbon environmental goods, and their ranking according to their inherent ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, South Africa’s capacity to produce them, and their economic benefits, as reflected in the export opportunities they present. These export opportunities were revealed through the application of the Decision Support Model (DSM), an export market selection tool that incorporates a systematic filtering and screening system. The results of the analysis should help guide policymakers in their strategic deliberations on which export sectors to incentivise and support with a view to encouraging more ‘green’ growth in South Africa in the years ahead. diffusion of such goods. If the production and export of environmental goods were to increase, it could have a potentially positive effect on economic and environmental objectives, such as raising economic growth rates and lowering greenhouse gas intensity, respectively. For the purpose of this study, an analysis of four existing lists of environmental goods led to the identification of 39 core environmental goods. These 39 goods were ranked according to three criteria: i) the potential environmental benefits of each environmental good, using consensus among role players as a proxy; ii) South Africa’s capacity to produce each environmental good, using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of each good as a proxy; and iii) the potential economic benefits of each environmental good, using the potential export value as calculated by Steenkamp (2011) in the Decision Support Model (DSM) as a proxy. It emerged that the top five low-carbon environmental goods are: photosensitive semiconductors (HS-6: 854140); towers and masts (HS-6: 730820); electrical control and distribution boards (HS-6: 853710); gearing and screws (HS-6: 848340); and static converters (HS-6: 850440). In addition, the intensive and extensive product-country export opportunities for these top five low-carbon environmental goods were identified.
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Sawng, Yeong-Wha, Yongjae Park, Seok-Hong Jo, and Seung-Lak Park. "Technology adoption and company performance." Journal of Korea Trade 22, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-01-2018-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide useful implications for Korean export companies to adopt the smart technology to improve their performance in the era of industrial convergence with the interdisciplinary study between trade and technology management. Design/methodology/approach This study followed the five-stage procedure and methods. In the first stage, measurement items were developed in four performance factors: leaning and growth, internal process, customer and finance. In the second stage, data were collected by conducting two types of surveys: first, for Korean export companies that have adopted Radio frequency identification (RFID) to test the proposed model and analyze the performance and second, for RFID experts of industry-university R&D cooperation to measure the relative importance of factors and items. In the third stage, the model was verified with structural equation modeling. In the fourth stage, AHP was used to analyze the relative importance of factors and items. In the fifth stage, post-RFID adoption performance in Korean export companies was measured by a formula for the performance index. Through these five-stage procedure and methods, the final performance improvement strategies and practical implications are presented in the conclusion. Findings The framework finds that the total score of RFID post-adoption on company performance proved relatively low, which indicates that the effect of this technology on export companies’ performance is still unsatisfactory. And financial performance proved to be ‘top priority’ area, which requires the most urgent effort for improvement since its importance was higher than learning and growth, internal process and customer performance—but nonetheless its performance index was the lowest. This study finds that strategic decision making is required for adopting smart technology in the perspective of technology convergence to improve the performance of companies among heterogeneous industries. Research limitations/implications Despite the significant results of this study alone, it also has limitations. Therefore, the direction of the future study is as follows: future research should focus on finding specific impact factors enhancing post-adoption of smart technologies including RFID performance by conducting empirical studies that identify the factors affecting post adoption of smart technologies rate directly or indirectly. Originality/value In the current global market environment, not only technological convergence in the same kind of industry but also industrial convergence in the different kinds of industries are essential to manufacturing and service companies including to export companies with perspective of Innovation. This study has the value as an interdisciplinary study to actually measure the performance of a company by industrial convergence through the theme of adoption of smart technology in export companies.
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Frenz, Byron L., and Jack E. Staub. "Establishing Cucumber Production in Lesser Developed Countries: An Absolute Cost Advantage of Mexico versus Hispaniola Producers." HortTechnology 9, no. 3 (January 1999): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.3.466.
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During winter months, a substantial volume of various horticultural products are imported to the United States from the Caribbean and Central and South America. United States cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) processors who market fresh-pack and refrigerated products require raw product daily to meet consumer demands. Mexico serves as a single-source supplier to all United States processors during this period, and thus Mexican production represents certain price risks. United States processors would consider other growing regions to reduce these risks if financially attractive alternatives could be identified. Therefore, a project was initiated to acquire information on production and export costs in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and to compare those to Mexican and United States production and transport costs. Experimentation lead to the identification of the critical influences of market prices, costs and conditions for the financial feasibility of establishing a processing cucumber industry on Hispaniola. Comparative evaluation indicated that significant variation in total cost was caused by fluctuations in transport, tariffs, and labor cost components. The causes of variation in transportation costs were distance, method (sea, air, truck), competitive demand (volume), and shipping frequency, consistency, and capacity.
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Naydenov, Nikolay D., Aziz A. Mustafaev, and Tatyana A. Naydenova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF POTATO PRODUCTION IN THE NORTHERN REGION (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOMI)." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 71, no. 1/2021 (March 16, 2021): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.1.2021.71.009.
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Studying the competitiveness of potato production in the Komi Republic is important for a deeper understanding of ways to ensure a stable financial state of the region's agriculture and an uninterrupted supply of local food to the population of the region. Purpose of the article: identification of the strengths and weaknesses of potato production in the Komi Republic, determination of market opportunities for the development of potato growing as a branch of specialization of agriculture in the region. Research hypothesis: there are four types of suppliers (agricultural organizations, farmers, personal subsidiary plots, importers) and five types of consumers (retail market, education and health care, public catering, wholesale trade, export) in the potato market of the Komi Republic. Market equilibrium is determined by the choice of win-win strategies by market participants. The article analyzes the main groups of potato producers in the Komi Republic, identifies the main groups of relations between them. A SWOT-analysis of potato production in the region was made. The main trends in the potato market in the Komi Republic are formulated. A decrease in consumption of fresh potatoes determines the development of its processing in the region and to complement the animal husbandry, logging etc. with potato growing. The authors recommend improving and creating new types of products and medicinal plants in the region for integration with potato growing. The article shows that in the potato market of the Komi Republic relations of cluster interaction, market division, mutual displacement, creation of value chains, strengthening of interaction and coordination on the part of local municipal and regional governments are formed. The practice of organic technologies and the brand of local products have a positive effect on the competitiveness of potatoes produced in the Komi Republic. The scope of the research results: state authorities and administrations of the Komi Republic, enterprises and organizations that sell and buy potatoes on the market of the Komi Republic.
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Frederick, Reid D., Karen E. Snyder, Paul W. Tooley, Yvette Berthier-Schaad, Gary L. Peterson, Morris R. Bonde, Norman W. Schaad, and David A. Knorr. "Identification and Differentiation of Tilletia indica and T. walkeri Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction." Phytopathology® 90, no. 9 (September 2000): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.9.951.
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Karnal bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia indica, was found in regions of the southwestern United States in 1996. Yield losses due to Karnal bunt are slight, and the greatest threat of Karnal bunt to the U.S. wheat industry is the loss of its export market. Many countries either prohibit or restrict wheat imports from countries with Karnal bunt. In 1997, teliospores morphologically resembling T. indica were isolated from bunted ryegrass seeds and wheat seed washes. Previously developed PCR assays failed to differentiate T. indica from the recently discovered ryegrass pathogen, T. walkeri. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.3 kb region of mitochondrial DNA, previously amplified by PCR only from T. indica, was determined for three isolates of T. indica and three isolates of T. walkeri. There was greater than 99% identity within either the T. indica group or the T. walkeri group of isolates, whereas there was =3% divergence between isolates of these two Tilletia species. Five sets of PCR primers were made specific to T. indica, and three sets were designed specifically for T. walkeri based upon nucleotide differences within the mitochondrial DNA region. In addition, a 212 bp amplicon was developed as a target sequence in a fluorogenic 5′ nuclease PCR assay using the TaqMan system for the detection and discrimination of T. indica and T. walkeri.
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Klapkiv, Yuriy, Volodymyr Svirskyi, and Roman Shchur. "THE ANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS IN THE INSURANCE SEGMENT OF THE FINANCIAL MARKET OF UKRAINE." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.3-4.19.
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Purpose. Analysis of the state of the insurance services market of Ukraine, identification of the main problems of its development in modern conditions and determination of directions for improving the functioning of the insurance services market in Ukraine. Methodology of research. The scientific and methodological basis for the article are scientific works, monographs, materials of professional publications, Internet resources. During the research the methods of analysis and synthesis, system-functional method and method of comparative studies were used, with the help of which most modern tendencies, phenomena and processes in the market of insurance services are explained. Findings. The article is devoted to current trends of the insurance in Ukraine. The study examines the main trends in its development during 2016-2020. The dynamics of the number of insurance companies, the main indicators of insurers, the structure of gross and net insurance premiums of domestic insurers, reinsurance indicators are analyzed. Based on a dataset of Ukrainian insurance industry, we analyse the impact of transformation of the insurance sector. Based on the analysis, the main problems of the insurance services market of Ukraine are identified and proposals for improving its development are formulated. The results illustrate major tasks the industry is facing: enhancing the customer experience, improving its business processes, offering new products, and preparing for competition with other industries, imperfection of regulatory regulation of the insurance sector; underdevelopment of the life insurance segment and other types of insurance (agricultural, environmental, catastrophic risks and life insurance, cyber risks); low solvency of potential consumers of insurance services, low level of capitalization of insurance companies, lack of insurance culture, distrust of the insurance institution; fraud and neglect of the rights of policyholders by some insurance companies; low financial literacy of policyholders. Moreover, we identify key areas of change of the insurance services market of Ukraine: creation of a centralized online database of insurance contracts; improving the system of taxation of insurance activity; adaptation of Ukrainian legislation in the field of insurance to EU legislation; introduction of high technologies in insurance services; improvement of marketing management; creation of an export insurance system by establishing a special organization for export insurance and financing; introduction of insurance culture and traditions. Originality. A comprehensive approach to the analysis of the state of the insurance market as an important component of the financial sector of the economy with most of its inherent characteristics, functions and principles; economic space in which institutional units for the implementation of insurance services interact; a set of orderly cash flows between the subjects of the insurance market. Practical value. The results of the study can be the basis for further research to systematically address practical problems in this area, development and implementation of measures aimed to achieve accelerated progressive development of the insurance market to ensure socio-economic growth. Key words: insurance, insurance services, insurance services market.
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Krasnikova, Nataliya O., Olena V. Dzyad, Olga G. Mihaylenko, and Kyrylo O. Hrechyn. "Management of the process of formation and realization of competitive advantages of the Visegrad Four countries in the European market of ICT services." European Journal of Management Issues 28, no. 1-2 (June 25, 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/192003.
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Purpose – to assess the integration and management of the formation and implementation of the competitive advantages of the Visegrad Four countries in the European market of information, computer, telecommunication (ICT) services based on their analysis in the individual market segments.
Design/Method/Research approach - this study aims to determine the presence and nature of the competitive advantages of countries in the European ICT services market based on the calculation of export specialization indicators, to establish factors for their growth and effective implementation based on the results of structural, regressive, comparative analysis and synthesis.
Findings. It has been suggested that the introduction of the European rules for market organization stimulated the building-up in the Visegrad Four countries of their competitive advantages in the European ICT services market through innovative investment resources, effective management of private, public sector and international investors and personnel.
Practical implications. The accession of Eastern European countries to the European digital market and digital space requires a generalization of the experience of the Visegrad four countries and the identification of factors, directions and priorities of the national policy for the development of the ICT sector.
Originality/Value. Scientific novelty of the study - based on the calculation of the comparative advantage index, different integration and effectiveness of managing the competitive advantages of the Visegrad Four countries, primarily the sphere of IC services to the European market (relatively high - in the Czech Republic due to state financing, moderate – in Poland due to financial support from the state, in Slovakia due to private investment in R&D, low – in Hungary), this situation requires a balanced innovation and investment strategy of the countries in the future, the training of a sufficient number of qualified IT specialists, stimulation of private investment in R&D and business cooperation with the sphere of knowledge by means of tax and administrative incentives, facilitating the transition of small and medium-sized businesses on the principles of economics 4.0.
Paper type – empirical.
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Dudar, Taras. "Development of beekeeping in Ukraine; successes achieved, the need for marketing cooperation in the industry, the strategy of the honey business." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(96) (July 10, 2020): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.02.036.
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Introduction. Beekeeping is one of the traditional and most ancient branches of Ukrainian agriculture, which is engaged in breeding bees and obtaining from them honey and other beekeeping products. From ancient times for Ukrainian peasants, honey was one of the main goods in the trade of that time and a separate source of profit. In modern conditions, beekeeping performs a very important intersectoral multifaceted function, as the obtained bee honey and beekeeping auxiliary products (royal jelly, wax, propolis, bee venom, pollen) are widely used in more than 40 industries, as well as in medicine, sculpture, painting. Today, Ukrainian beekeeping is a sphere of economic activity that not only provides employment but also forms a market for the industry, gives the opportunity to develop in this type of agribusiness, both domestic and foreign markets. Its foundation is not only the fact that Ukraine accounts for about 6% of world honey production, but also the fact that consumer demand for Ukrainian honey on the world market is growing dynamically, and as a result, our country is in the TOP-3 largest world exporters of bee honey. The aim of the study is a systematic analysis of the dynamics of production and sale of honey as the main product of beekeeping in Ukraine, identification of the main economic and environmental factors shaping the demand for bee honey, substantiation of strategic guidelines for further development of beekeeping for decent competition in domestic and global honey markets. Results. It is established that the main market for Ukrainian honey is the EU countries, among which the largest consumers are Germany and Poland. In second place after the EU, the US became the buyer of domestic beekeepers. It is indicated that in order to expand export quotas for the supply of honey to EU countries, its entry into new segments of the world market, an important factor is the streamlining of the honey business. It is emphasized that due to the instability and existing challenges of the foreign honey market, the strategy of domestic beekeeping should be focused not on increasing the number of bee colonies and gross honey production, but on a more stable domestic market and modern honey processing technologies. It is argued that in order to create better conditions for the sale of beekeeping products by small and medium-sized agricultural producers, which as a result of pooling resources in cooperatives, will be able to use the latest technologies, form their marketing channels and thus strengthen their position in the agricultural food market. Prospects. The study of the honey business system, improving the quality of bee honey are necessary areas of further research in beekeeping in Ukraine, because these important components deserve special attention in further adaptation of the beekeeping industry to international standards and trade conditions.
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Ostashko, Tamara, and Iryna Kobuta. "Changes in world trade and trade policy in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities for Ukraine." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2020, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.03.007.
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The article analyzes the trends of world trade and features of trade policies across the world during the period of economic restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It also analyzes the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade and trade policy measures, which are applied by the government in the pandemic. Based on the identification of challenges and opportunities for the development of this country’s foreign trade during this pandemic and the analysis of forecasts and recommendations of international organizations, the authors substantiate proposals on the directions of Ukraine’s trade policy with an emphasis on the agri-food market. A comparison of world trade developments in 2020 and 2021 forecasted by international organizations is made in the article. In the first half of 2020, the world trade development was closer toward the optimistic scenario of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank scenario, but the expected second wave of the pandemic may return the world trade trend to the WTO pessimistic scenario, where the world trade could be reduced by 31,9% in 2020. The development of Ukraine's foreign trade also shows a trend close toward the more optimistic scenarios of international organizations - in the first half of 2020 the country’s foreign trade volume only decreased by 10.6% compared to the first half of 2019. In the article, the main channels of the COVID-19 impact on the world trade are indicated, namely: reduction of the production of goods and services due to restrictions on economic activity imposed by countries, disruption of global value chains, rising commercial costs, sharp decline in services, and price decrease of goods with low degree of processing. As in the rest of the world, the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are largely mitigated by the spread of digital technologies in trade, and conversely, the pandemic stimulates their development. Already in the second quarter of 2020, Ukraine’s exports of ICT services resumed growth and exceeded the pre-crisis level of the fourth quarter of 2019. The authors identify advantages and issues of accelerated digitalization of trade in a pandemic. The protection measures introduced by countries, including Ukraine, after the spread of coronavirus, are analyzed, with an emphasis on policy measures related to agri-food trade. It is proved that the limit of wheat exports during the pandemic is the result of annual memorandum of grain market players, so it cannot be considered a governmental measure restricting trade. It was also proved that the ban on the export of buckwheat introduced by the Ukrainian government, which expired on July 1, 2020, had of a rather socio-political nature, since the supply of buckwheat on the domestic market and the level of consumer prices for this product were guaranteed by import deliveries. This conclusion applies to other goods of significant social importance, whose imports increased significantly during the pandemic, especially for products of animal origin. The directions of the formation of Ukraine’s trade policy in the conditions of world trade changes and trade policies revision are determined. The spread of the trend towards country self-sufficiency in food will lead to a reduction in food chains, a decrease in import dependence, an increase in state support and, as a result, a strengthening of competitive position of domestic producers. Therefore, full and timely financing of state budgetary programs to support agriculture in Ukraine is of particular importance. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the context of the accelerated digitalization of trade as a result of the pandemic, it is necessary to rapidly develop the infrastructure that provides rural areas with high-speed fixed broadband Internet access. Along with the spread of protectionism in world trade, there is an opposite trend of liberalization of agri-food markets, typical for food-importing countries. Thus, the countries-exporters of agri-food products, which include Ukraine, will have easier access to the markets of these countries, new markets will open, and the situation on export markets will improve.
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Ostashko, Tamara, and Iryna Kobuta. "Changes in world trade and trade policy in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities for Ukraine." Economy and forecasting 2020, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.03.005.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the trends of world trade and features of trade policies across the world during the period of economic restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It also analyzes the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade and trade policy measures, which are applied by the government in the pandemic. Based on the identification of challenges and opportunities for the development of this country’s foreign trade during this pandemic and the analysis of forecasts and recommendations of international organizations, the authors substantiate proposals on the directions of Ukraine’s trade policy with an emphasis on the agri-food market A comparison of world trade developments in 2020 and 2021 forecasted by international organizations is made in the article. In the first half of 2020, the world trade development was closer toward the optimistic scenario of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank scenario, but the expected second wave of the pandemic may return the world trade trend to the WTO pessimistic scenario, where the world trade could be reduced by 31,9% in 2020. The development of Ukraine's foreign trade also shows a trend close toward the more optimistic scenarios of international organizations - in the first half of 2020 the country’s foreign trade volume only decreased by 10.6% compared to the first half of 2019. In the article, the main channels of the COVID-19 impact on the world trade are indicated, namely: reduction of the production of goods and services due to restrictions on economic activity imposed by countries, disruption of global value chains, rising commercial costs, sharp decline in services, and price decrease of goods with low degree of processing. As in the rest of the world, the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are largely mitigated by the spread of digital technologies in trade, and conversely, the pandemic stimulates their development. Already in the second quarter of 2020, Ukraine’s exports of ICT services resumed growth and exceeded the pre-crisis level of the fourth quarter of 2019. The authors identify advantages and issues of accelerated digitalization of trade in the pandemic. The protection measures introduced by countries, including Ukraine, after the spread of coronavirus, are analyzed, with an emphasis on policy measures related to agri-food trade. It is proved that the limit of wheat exports during the pandemic is the result of annual memorandum of grain market players, so it cannot be considered a policy measure restricting trade. It was also proved that the ban on the export of buckwheat introduced by the Ukrainian government, which expired on July 1, 2020, had of a rather political nature, since the supply of buckwheat on the domestic market and the level of consumer prices for this product were guaranteed by import deliveries. This conclusion applies to other goods of significant social importance, whose imports increased significantly during the pandemic, especially for products of animal origin. The directions of the formation of Ukraine’s trade policy in the conditions of world trade changes and trade policies revision are determined. The spread of the trend towards country self-sufficiency in food will lead to a reduction in food chains, a decrease in import dependence, an increase in state support and, as a result, a strengthening of competitive position of domestic producers. Therefore, full and timely financing of state budgetary programs to support agriculture in Ukraine is of particular importance. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the context of the accelerated digitalization of trade as a result of the pandemic, it is necessary to rapidly develop the infrastructure that provides rural areas with high-speed fixed broadband Internet access. Along with the spread of protectionism in world trade, there is an opposite trend of liberalization of agri-food markets, typical for food-importing countries. Thus, the countries-exporters of agri-food products, which include Ukraine, will have easier access to the markets of these countries, new markets will open, and the situation on export markets will improve.
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Smutka, Luboš, Helena Řezbová, Karel Tomšík, and Miroslav Svatoš. "Comparison of Agricultural Trade in Selected Groups of Countries – Comparison of Real Results." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5 (2015): 1739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051739.
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The world trade is a dynamically changing in the long term horizon, its total value as well as share in the global economy are continuously growing. Despite the growth in agricultural trade, the gaps among various groups of countries and regions are becoming deeper. More and more countries loose its self-sufficiency or its netto export status and become dependent on imports. On the other hand, there exists another limited group of countries controlling most of the world exports. The aim of the article is to identify differences in changing values of agricultural trade among selected groups of countries. An accent is given primarily on an identification of differences relating to the real value of trading streams. These differences are defined not only in relation to the absolute value, but also to values recalculated per capita, active farmer or agricultural respective arable land. The results indicate extreme differences between developed and developing countries, just in favour of developed countries, which control an important share of the world agricultural trade. There is worth noting that despite the fact that developed countries affect essentially the character of the world agricultural market, there exist huge differences among them. They can be illustrated on the EU-15 and EU-13 countries. The differences relate not only to the value of agricultural trade but they can be observed when analysing the trade dynamics and productivity in relation to the production factors labour and land.
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Gereles, Anna, and Oleksandr Galych. "Integrated agribusiness in the dairy industry of Ukraine: main characteristics and success factors." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 4-5 (December 30, 2013): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/4-5/8.
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Ukraine belongs to the TOP 20 global producers of milk. Despite its position, the Ukrainian dairy industry is suffering from a permanent deficit of raw milk supplied for processing. on average, in 2007–2011 over half of the produced raw milk did not reach the processors. one of the reasons behind this lasting trend is that the structure of initial production of raw milk is dominated by households (having a share of 80%); the latter produce milk mostly for their own consumption and leftovers are sold at marketplaces where they can get more attractive prices. nevertheless, already today we observe results of largescale investments into the industrial production of milk made in the last few years. This article stresses an important place of the dairy industry in the agriculture of Ukraine, as it provides the population of vital food products, many of which are strategic in the export potential. Authors present essential characteristics of the concepts “agro-industrial integration” and “agroholding”, discloses their role and place in the agrarian sector of the economy, and justifies the necessity of the creation an integrated production in the Ukrainian dairy sub-complex. The study aims at identification and description of latest trends in Ukraine’s dairy market. Moreover, authors present a successful Ukrainian example of Milkiland N.V. as one of the TOP 5 players in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) dairy market.