Academic literature on the topic 'Export demand screening'
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Journal articles on the topic "Export demand screening"
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Monnaie, Bernard F. "Subsidisation and Sustainability Impacts on Contract Producers." Business and Management Studies 3, no. 4 (October 29, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v3i4.2739.
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Production subsidies tend to be provided as government development support instruments. This paper examines their potential impacts on lower-tier producers. Those impacts are partly elucidated by a mixed-methods study of small-scale fish producers of Seychelles targeting foreign fish markets. Scale disadvantages tend to prevent such producers from overcoming the entry barriers of foreign markets without government assistance, including subsidisation. In the study, a screening survey helped assign a group of 34 randomly-selected fish producers to a Managed Value Chain (MVC) – buyers and producers engaging in supply-demand matching coordination, and another 32 randomly-selected fish harvesters to an Open-market Value Chain (OVC) – comprising buyers and harvesters without intentional supply-demand matching coordination. Using 5 months of production-related data, the study first compared the means of the production capacity, level and efficiency of the producers. Four highest-producing MVC producers subsequently gave an interview on their operations. Results inter alia indicate that a gradually increasing range of fisheries subsidies have been helping MVC producers to raise their production capacity, standard and level. However, the subsidies have also been indicatively decreasing the productivity of commercial stocks. The study inter alia suggests that unless marine biological resources are carefully managed, export-oriented production subsidies threaten their environmental sustainability.
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Shamanin, V. P., P. Flis, T. V. Savin, S. S. Shepelev, O. G. Kuzmin, A. S. Chursin, I. V. Pototskaya, et al. "Genotypic and ecological variability of zinc content in the grain of spring bread wheat varieties in the international nursery KASIB." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 25, no. 5 (September 10, 2021): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj21.061.
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Spring bread wheat is the staple crop in Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, a significant portion of which goes for export. Wheat breeding with a high level of zinc in wheat grain is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to address zinc deficiency in the diet. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the factors ‘location’ and ‘genotype’ in the variability of zinc content in wheat grain, and to identify the best varieties as sources of this trait for breeding. The research on screening zinc content in the wheat grain of 49 spring bread wheat varieties from the KazakhstanSiberia Spring Wheat Trial (KASIB) nursery was carried out at 4 sites in Russia (Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk) and 2 sites in Kazakhstan (Karabalyk and Shortandy) in 2017–2018. The content of zinc in wheat grain was evaluated at the Ionomic Facility of University of Nottingham in the framework of the EU project European Plant Phenotyping Network-2020. The analysis of variance showed that the main contribution into the general phenotypic variation of the studied trait, 38.7 %, was made by the factor ‘location’ due to different contents of zinc and moisture in the soil of trial sites; the effect of the factor ‘year’ was 13.5 %, and the effect of the factor ‘genotype’ was 8.0 %. The most favorable environmental conditions for accumulation of zinc in wheat grain were observed in the Omsk region. In Omsk, the average zinc content in all studied varieties was 50.4 mg/kg, with 63.7 mg/kg in the best variety ‘OmGAU 100’. These values are higher than the target values of the international program Harvest Plus. ‘Novosibirskaya 16’ (49.4 mg/kg), ‘Silach’ (48.4 mg/kg), ‘Line 4-10-16’ (47.2 mg/kg), ‘Element 22’ (46.3 mg/kg) and ‘Lutescens 248/01’ (46.0 mg/kg) were identified as being the best varieties. Significant possibilities for the production of wheat grain with high zinc content, which is in demand for the production of bread and pastry products with functional properties, were identified in the Western Siberian region.
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Loscalzo, Matthew, Karen Clark, Jeff Dillehunt, Redmond Rinehart, Rex Strowbridge, and Daniel Smith. "SupportScreen: A Model for Improving Patient Outcomes." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 8, no. 4 (April 2010): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2010.0036.
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As demands on physician time mount, and patients and families increasingly expect accommodation and understanding of their specific, personal situations, care providers must boost efficiency and minimize the expense of their clinic processes and draw on connections with community resources. Third-party payors may also expect that the biopsychosocial needs of patients and families be addressed as an essential part of cancer care. Quality of care, cost, patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment, safety, and allocation of limited resources are all related to the identification and effective management of the psychosocial elements of cancer care. Experts suggest that health care has lagged far behind other industries in using technology to improve efficiency, and slow adoption of this technology means that critical information about the biopsychosocial needs of patients fails to reach the right professionals in a timely way. Systematic and automated screening can promote physician control in managing time, the efficiency of the clinical encounter, and rapid triage to other professionals and community resources.
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Kagawa, Rina, Yoshimasa Kawazoe, Yusuke Ida, Emiko Shinohara, Katsuya Tanaka, Takeshi Imai, and Kazuhiko Ohe. "Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Phenotyping Framework Using Expert Knowledge and Machine Learning Approach." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (December 7, 2016): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296816681584.
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Background: Phenotyping is an automated technique that can be used to distinguish patients based on electronic health records. To improve the quality of medical care and advance type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research, the demand for T2DM phenotyping has been increasing. Some existing phenotyping algorithms are not sufficiently accurate for screening or identifying clinical research subjects. Objective: We propose a practical phenotyping framework using both expert knowledge and a machine learning approach to develop 2 phenotyping algorithms: one is for screening; the other is for identifying research subjects. Methods: We employ expert knowledge as rules to exclude obvious control patients and machine learning to increase accuracy for complicated patients. We developed phenotyping algorithms on the basis of our framework and performed binary classification to determine whether a patient has T2DM. To facilitate development of practical phenotyping algorithms, this study introduces new evaluation metrics: area under the precision-sensitivity curve (AUPS) with a high sensitivity and AUPS with a high positive predictive value. Results: The proposed phenotyping algorithms based on our framework show higher performance than baseline algorithms. Our proposed framework can be used to develop 2 types of phenotyping algorithms depending on the tuning approach: one for screening, the other for identifying research subjects. Conclusions: We develop a novel phenotyping framework that can be easily implemented on the basis of proper evaluation metrics, which are in accordance with users’ objectives. The phenotyping algorithms based on our framework are useful for extraction of T2DM patients in retrospective studies.
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Zubor, Pavol, Peter Kubatka, Karol Kajo, Zuzana Dankova, Hubert Polacek, Tibor Bielik, Erik Kudela, et al. "Why the Gold Standard Approach by Mammography Demands Extension by Multiomics? Application of Liquid Biopsy miRNA Profiles to Breast Cancer Disease Management." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122878.
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In the global context, the epidemic of breast cancer (BC) is evident for the early 21st century. Evidence shows that national mammography screening programs have sufficiently reduced BC related mortality. Therefore, the great utility of the mammography-based screening is not an issue. However, both false positive and false negative BC diagnosis, excessive biopsies, and irradiation linked to mammography application, as well as sub-optimal mammography-based screening, such as in the case of high-dense breast tissue in young females, altogether increase awareness among the experts regarding the limitations of mammography-based screening. Severe concerns regarding the mammography as the “golden standard” approach demanding complementary tools to cover the evident deficits led the authors to present innovative strategies, which would sufficiently improve the quality of the BC management and services to the patient. Contextually, this article provides insights into mammography deficits and current clinical data demonstrating the great potential of non-invasive diagnostic tools utilizing circulating miRNA profiles as an adjunct to conventional mammography for the population screening and personalization of BC management.
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Lloyd, Stephen Carroll. "Novel solution to achieve “80% by 2018” Two-Man colonoscopy performed by primary care physicians with expert back-up: Compliance and capacity without diluting quality." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.544.
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544 Background: The American Cancer Society (ACS) supports 80% by 2018. We have an innovative solution to address barriers: compliance and capacity without diluting quality. Methods: The “gold standard” test is a high-quality colonoscopy. To improve compliancewe leverage the primary care physician (PCP) through navigators. The existing colonoscopists are saturated while screening only half. Quality, as reflected in the protective benefit, is called into question by large-scale studies. An estimated 7% of CRCs are diagnosed as “interval cancers.” occurring in patients compliant with screening. Results: First, when the PCP invites the patient, their “butts” show up! Compliance in our study more than doubled and exceeded the ACS 80% by 2018 goal. We present an update to the initial study (de Groen, NEJM 2014) adding 15,000 more consecutive cases and 4 years to the database; incidence dropped (83%) as did mortality (89%). This is the first large study to demonstrate no diminution of protection in the right colon! Our hypothesis is that the two-man technique simplifies visualizing the mucosal surface. The continual availability of an “expert” to “mentor and monitor” was sufficient to supervise 30 PCPs and thus augment capacity (4,000 cases rather than 1,000 cases per year per expert). With the average cost of $250,000 per case of advanced CRC, the savings are more than double the screening costs. Conclusions: The inclusion of the PCP in CRC screening addresses the barriers: enhanced compliance, augmented capacity without any diminution in quality. The PCP provides capacity needed to screen the underserved (more than half of the at risk population not “up to date” with screening colonoscopy). Rather than taking patients from traditional providers, the model has excelled in identifying the underserved. To achieve 80% by 2018 will require 6,000,000 additional annual screening colonoscopies but would prevent 100,000 cases of CRC and 25,000 deaths. At the current rate, 30,000 PCP colonoscopists could meet this demand. Utilizing PCPs using the team colonoscopy approach could one day result in near elimination of deaths from “the preventable cancer.”
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Drzhevetskaya, K. S., and G. P. Korzhenkova. "Breast cancer screening during the adverse COVID-19 epidemiological situation." Research and Practical Medicine Journal 8, no. 3 (September 26, 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17709/2410-1893-2021-8-3-3.
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Purpose of the study. To evaluate the results of breast cancer screening (BC) in the conditions of an unfavorable epidemiological situation COVID‑19 based on the analysis of the BC screening project in the Kaluga Region.Patients and methods. Screening system: creation and implementation in practice of mobile mammography complexes (MMC); training of medical personnel in the method of conducting a standardized mammographic examination (ME); quality control of ME; "Cloud" storage and software development for archiving patients; an independent review of mammograms by certified specialists; expert review of images in case of discrepancies in diagnoses; referral of patients diagnosed with BI-RADS IV and V to the regional oncological dispensary for further examination and treatment. From 04.2018 to 12.2020 patients were examined on MMC according to the BC screening protocol. We examined 47367 patients over the age of 40 years. SD 57.66 ± 8.17 years (38-93). During the COVID‑19 pandemic, imaging of breast diseases must be carried out in compliance with all safety regulations for both personnel and patients. Balancing the need to avoid delays in diagnosing BC while preventing infection requires careful attention to personal protective equipment, handling of diagnostic equipment, diagnostic facilities, and physical distancing and vigilance to maintain these measures.Results. From 07.2020 to 11.2020: a total of 10736 studies have been carried out. In the context of new coronavirus infection, we noted an increased demand among patients wishing to undergo BC screening. The flow of patients over the same period of previous years was less, which indicates the demand and justification for screening mammography and the use of MMC in an unfavorable epidemiological situation. 174 patients received category BI-RADS IV-V and were referred for a follow-up examination and required treatment at an oncological dispensary. In 39 patients (22.4 %), BC was verified, and appropriate treatment was carried out. In 135 cases, benign processes were verified.Conclusion. BC screening should not be stopped against the backdrop of the COVID‑19 epidemic since a delay in BC diagnosis later threatens to reveal more voluminous processes with a worse prognosis for treatment and rehabilitation than timely detected changes in the mammary glands in the early preclinical stages of the disease.
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Naik, Rakhi P., and Sophie Lanzkron. "Baby on board: what you need to know about pregnancy in the hemoglobinopathies." Hematology 2012, no. 1 (December 8, 2012): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation.v2012.1.208.3798270.
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Abstract Pregnancy poses a unique challenge to patients with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, who often have exacerbations of hemolysis or anemia during the gestational period, experience higher rates of obstetric and fetal complications, and may have distinct underlying comorbidities related to vasculopathy and iron overload that can endanger maternal health. Optimal management of pregnant women with hemoglobinopathies requires both an understanding of the physiologic demands of pregnancy and the pathophysiology of disease-specific complications of inherited blood disorders. A multidisciplinary team of expert hematologists and high-risk obstetricians is therefore essential to ensuring appropriate antenatal maternal screening, adequate fetal surveillance, and early recognition of complications. Fortunately, with integrated and targeted care, most women with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia can achieve successful pregnancy outcomes.
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Beare, S., A. Meglioli, J. Burke, N. Bandhoe, and J. López Gallardo. "Saving Women's Lives in Latin America and the Caribbean: Improving Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment Quality and Access." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 148s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.60200.
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Background and context: It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths among females in Latin America and the Caribbean, and yet cervical cancer is almost entirely preventable and treatable. In a region where many lack even basic access to quality sexual and reproductive healthcare, screening and treatment services for HPV and cervical cancer are far from universally available. International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR) and its member associations (MAs) are working to reverse this trend, identifying and bridging local gaps in access and services wherever possible. Aim: IPPF/WHR and its MAs seek to improve both providers' ability to deliver - and women's ability to access - quality cervical cancer screening and treatment through institutional capacity building, the introduction of new technologies, advocacy and community awareness efforts. Strategy/Tactics: 1) Increase cervical cancer services by training providers in the provision of low cost, high capacity screening and treatment methods, including visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), HC2 and HPV DNA screening technologies, and a single-visit approach (SVA) to treatment using cryotherapy, thermocoagulation and LEEP. 2) Educate populations and increase demand for cervical cancer services by implementing public awareness campaigns and community information, education and communication (IEC) activities promoting the importance of early detection and treatment. 3) Improve and standardize clinical protocols and referral pathways by advocating among and collaborating with key decision-makers and local ministries of health. Program/Policy process: MAs are implementing small-scale pilot studies to incorporate VIA, HC2 and HPV DNA screening and new treatment to provide even greater numbers of women with potentially life-saving diagnostics and care in Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and Bolivia. As leading clinical experts and advocates, several MAs are also working with public sector counterparts to refine two-way referral pathways, standardize screening protocols and clinical guidelines, and to ensure data quality and collection. A range of Caribbean MAs have also been trained in the use of VIA, cryo and LEEP. Outcomes: From 2016 to 2017, MAs from Belize, Grenada, Suriname, and several additional Caribbean countries who received training in VIA and other screening and treatment techniques saw an average 7% increase in the number of direct cervical cancer services provided. MAs from Belize, Bolivia and Honduras also contributed to updated national cervical cancer protocols. What was learned: An effective national response to cervical cancer requires the support and collaboration of civil society organizations, which can deliver direct services and play a catalytic role in advancing technical recommendations and policy dialogue. Countries should continue to improve the quality of VIA services, until more advanced screening technologies become available and can be scaled up.
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Halpern, M. "A Computerized Medical Standards System to Help Place Impaired Employees." Methods of Information in Medicine 35, no. 04/05 (September 1996): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634675.
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Abstract:The paper describes a knowledge-distribution system that supports decisions on placement of impaired employees. The knowledge base consists of job profiles and medical profiles. The job profiles list tasks and the physical abilities they require. Twenty-one abilities describe the task demands. Active workers rated the exertion, frequency and importance of the physical ability required for each task. Thirty-nine work conditions were rated this way. Using identical scales, experts assessed the impact of impairments on the physical abilities of individuals and the tolerance of work conditions. The screening matches the job profile against the impairment profile. This process has been automated. The program lists tasks and work conditions that may compromise an impaired employee. This information can be used to accommodate employees, restrict duties or design a rehabilitation program. Also, the paper discusses the impact of the system on the operations of medical services within an organization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Export demand screening"
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Gould, Richard Robert, and RichardGould@ozemail com au. "International market selection-screening technique: replacing intuition with a multidimensional framework to select a short-list of countries." RMIT University. Social Science & Planning, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081125.145312.
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The object of this research was to develop an international market screening methodology which selects highly attractive markets, allowing for the ranges in diversity amongst organisations, countries and products. Conventional business thought is that, every two to five years, dynamic organisations which conduct business internationally should decide which additional foreign market or markets to next enter. If they are internationally inexperienced, this will be their first market; if they are experienced, it might be, say, their 100th market. How should each organisation select their next international market? One previous attempt has been made to quantitatively test which decision variables, and what weights, should be used when choosing between the 230 countries of the world. The literature indicate that a well-informed selection decision could consider over 150 variables that measure aspects of each foreign market's economic, political, legal, cultural, technical and physical environments. Additionally, attributes of the organisation have not been considered when selecting the most attractive short-list of markets. The findings presented in the dissertation are that 30 criteria accounted for 95 per cent of variance at cross-classification rates of 95 per cent. The weights of each variable, and the markets selected statistically as being the most attractive, were found to vary with the capabilities, goals and values of the organisation. This frequently means that different countries will be best for different organisations selling the same product. A
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Yang, Yingxia. "A screening model to explore planning decisions in automotive manufacturing systems under demand uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55174.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-197).
Large-scale, complex engineering systems, as for automotive manufacturing, often require significant capital investment and resources for systems configuration. Furthermore, these systems operate in environments that are constantly changing due to shifts in macroeconomic, market demand and regulations, which can significantly influence systems' performance. It is often very difficult or prohibitively expensive to change these engineering systems once they are in place. Thus, a critical question is how to design engineering systems so they can perform well under uncertainty. Conventional engineering practice often focuses on the expected value of future uncertainties, thus leaving the value of flexible designs unexplored. This research develops a new framework to design and plan large-scale and complex manufacturing systems for uncertainty. It couples a screening model to identify promising candidate solutions with an evaluation model to more extensively quantify the performance of identified solutions. The screening model adaptively explores a large decision space that is otherwise computationally intractable for conventional optimization approach. It integrates strategic and operational flexibility in a system to allow systematic consideration of multiple sources of flexibility with uncertainty. It provides a means to search the space for system's improvement by integrating the adaptive one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method with a Response Surface method and simulation-based linear optimization. The identified solution is then examined with Value at Risk and Gain chart and a statistics table.
(cont.) Two cases are studied in this thesis. The first case is a simple hypothetical case with two products and two plants. It considers product to plant allocation, plant capacity, and overtime operation decisions that affect manufacturing flexibility. It demonstrates the value of considering demand uncertainty and overtime operational flexibility in making manufacturing planning decisions and the interactions between multiple sources of flexibility. The second case explores these manufacturing planning decisions for Body-In-White assembly systems in the automotive industry by applying the developed screening model. It shows that the screening model leads to system design with about 40% improvement in expected net present value, reduced downside risks and increased upside gains as compared to a traditional optimization approach.
by Yingxia Yang.
Ph.D.
Books on the topic "Export demand screening"
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Wenzel, Amy. Introduction. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.32.
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Childbearing women experience a host of emotional experiences and demands for adjustment. The past two decades have witnessed an abundance of research on pregnancy, lactation, and the transition to parenthood. This research cuts across many disciplines and often requires an understanding of biological and psychosocial processes outside the typical training for professionals in any one discipline. The Handbook of Perinatal Psychology was compiled to provide a comprehensive overview and evaluation of literature in the field, written by experts in a number of these disciplines to illustrate both typical and atypical experiences associated with childbirth. This Handbook includes chapters on typical psychological, biological, relational, and developmental experiences in women and newborns; an array of mental health problems associated with the transition to parenthood; approaches for screening, assessing, and treating adjustment problems in the transition to parenthood; other problems associated with childbearing; and special issues associated with childbearing.
Book chapters on the topic "Export demand screening"
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Ghosal, Kajal, Partha Haldar, and Goutam Sutradhar. "Application of Fuzzy Expert System in Medical Treatment." In Fuzzy Systems, 1020–69. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1908-9.ch045.
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The incidence of breast cancer is increasing day by day. Emotional significance of females for the fear of removal of breast demands attention and carries a particular terror. Fuzzy logic-based expert system is a powerful tool that is used in this chapter to get the benefits of soft computing in modern medical science. This chapter deals with reasoning for medical implementation in breast cancer diagnosis. The motto of this expert system using MATLAB software is to make the people of the world healthier, free from breast cancer and its metastasis through the power of information. Special revolutionary screening technology and a few (cancer markers) blood tests enable breast cancer diagnosis, configuration, and control, and prompt necessary decisions for treatment. Thus, this system provides healthier living, better healthcare outcomes, and helps to lower the overall cost of the healthcare system.
Conference papers on the topic "Export demand screening"
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Simpkins, T., D. Cutler, K. Anderson, D. Olis, E. Elgqvist, M. Callahan, and A. Walker. "REopt: A Platform for Energy System Integration and Optimization." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6570.
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REopt is an energy planning platform offering concurrent, multiple technology integration and optimization capabilities to help clients meet their cost savings and energy performance goals. The REopt platform provides techno-economic decision support analysis throughout the energy planning process, from agency-level screening and macro planning to project development to energy asset operation. REopt employs an integrated approach to optimizing the energy costs of a site by considering electricity and thermal consumption, resource availability, complex tariff structures including time-of-use, demand and export rates, incentives, net metering, and interconnection limits. Formulated as a mixed integer linear program, REopt recommends an optimally sized mix of conventional and renewable energy, and energy storage technologies; estimates the net present value associated with implementing those technologies; and provides the cost-optimal dispatch strategy for operating them at maximum economic efficiency. The REopt platform can be customized to address a variety of energy optimization scenarios including policy, microgrid, and operational energy applications. This paper presents the REopt techno-economic model along with two examples of recently completed analysis projects.
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Wang, Zhitao, Haoda Lei, Yi-Guang Li, Shuying Li, and Weitian Wang. "Optimization Analysis of Combined Heat and Power Plant of Multistage Gas Turbine for Marine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76025.
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Nowadays, the rising demand for energy and serious environmental pollution become the motive to improve the energy structure, saving energy and optimize energy utilization. Based on a gas turbine, a marine multistage gas turbine combined heat and power (CHP) structure is proposed. The CHP system includes the top gas turbine Brayton cycle, the intermediate water Rankine cycle (WRC) and the bottom organic Rankine cycle (ORC). According to the method of screening organic Rankine cycle refrigerant to select the appropriate organic working fluids, and their physical characteristics are described. Based on the modular modelling method, the 3-stage CHP system is established. In order to more effectively absorb low temperature waste heat, three different kinds of 3-stage CHP structures were designed to recover the heat in the exhaust gas from the heat recover steam generator (HRSG). The thermodynamic model of the combined heat and power system of marine multistage gas turbine was used to simulate the performance of three different types of 3-stage CHP structures, the optimal 3-stage CHP structure was selected by comparing and analyzing the simulation results. Based on the simulation results of the design point, it is found that the introduction of the optimal 3-stage CHP structure can increase the power output by about 8.5% and improve the cycle thermal efficiency by about 4.32% compared with a conventional 2-stage CHP cycle where only gas turbine topping cycle and water Rankine bottoming cycle are included.
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Bunker, R. S., G. M. Laskowski, J. C. Bailey, P. Palafox, S. Kapetanovic, G. M. Itzel, M. A. Sullivan, and T. R. Farrell. "An Investigation of Turbine Wheelspace Cooling Flow Interactions With a Transonic Hot Gas Path—Part 1: Experimental Measurements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59237.
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The desire for higher power output combined with lower fuel consumption has focused recent design and research attention on the interaction of required secondary systems cooling flows with the turbine hot gas path. The flow physics associated with the rotor-stator wheelspaces, and in particular the trench and buffer cavity areas just inboard of the hot gas path, demand an increased level of design sophistication to account for the unsteady fluid and thermal effects associated with periodic vane wakes, circumferential pressure gradients, purge flows, and blade lead edge blockages. Part 1 of this study utilizes a wheelspace sector cascade rig for the purpose of gathering fundamental data on flow and thermal effects in a nonrotating environment. This experimental rig is a simplified screening tool for the investigation of basic geometry and flow effects that maintains the bulk of the correct flow physics in the absence of rotation. The test rig is also a validation data generation device for the unsteady CFD modeling efforts described in Part 2. The present cascade is composed of a five passage annular sector of a transonic turbine inlet guide vane, a complete sector of the upper wheelspace, buffer and trench cavities, and equivalent flow blockages for a blade row represented as leading edge cylinders. The geometry is three-dimensional including all sealing features of the wheelspace. The vane and blade rows can be clocked to any relative position. Secondary cooling flows are adjustable for the wheelspace purge flow and the leakage flow across the vane support. Detailed measurements in the form of static pressures throughout the interaction region, surface temperature distributions, and buffer cavity air temperatures are presented for various clocked positions. The circumferential pressure distribution peak-to-peak variations just aft of the vane are here as much as 18%. These variations are key to the resulting forcing of hot gas inboard of the rim seal. The blade leading edge bow wave is found to have an equal or even greater influence in generating this peak-to-peak variation than the vane trailing edge wake. Buffer cavity cooling effectiveness levels vary with the clocked positions and decrease as cylinder size is increased. Significantly, the effect of the leading edge blockage can reduce buffer cavity cooling effectiveness by a factor of 0.1.
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La Sorda, Enrico, Francesco Pucci, Benjamin Mauries, Birgitte Storheim, and Giorgio Arcangeletti. "Innovative Energy Storage Concept for Saipem Offshore Wind2Sub™ Application." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31220-ms.
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Abstract Reducing CO2 emissions is becoming one of the core targets for countries after the Paris agreement, which sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. To meet this objective also oil and gas operators have started to engage in an important effort to reduce the CO2 emissions in their plants and facilities. From this perspective Saipem developed its Wind2Sub, a Wind Power for Long Subsea Tie-Back (LSSTB) concept, where its own pendular floating foundation solution, namely Hexafloat, can host a wind turbine generator (WTG), all the utilities needed for subsea field development and operation (power distribution, chemical storage and injection, control system) and a back-up energy system to compensate the intermittent production due to wind persistence, currently a diesel generator (DG). The present paper will explore new solutions to ensure the continuity of the energy supply from Saipem Wins2Sub, based on green technologies. This may be done by collecting the generated surplus energy from a renewable energy system, in this case from WTG to a topside or subsea power storage. By adopting an Energy Storage System (ESS), it will be possible to use this energy when production from wind is low or null. This concept will replace the diesel generators, or any carbon fuel, so that the whole system will become green self-sustaining, as an energy island, without CO2 emissions. The activities performed during the concept development are articulated through the following steps: a selection of two typical oil field scenarios where Wind2Sub solution can be applicable; screening of the current technologies to store energy and a selection of those viable to the two selected scenarios; wind conditions and WTG power analysis with estimation of the amount of the energy to be stored; preliminary design of the ESS; preliminary cost estimation. The study was carried out by using a digital tool developed by Moss Maritime in the context of a Proof of Concept based on Floating energy storage. The tool allows to evaluate the feasibility of a solution through modellization of different renewable energy scenarios, demand profiles, simulation of operation, pre-sizing of the systems and cost estimation (LCOE, LCOS, LCOH). The ESS combined with Saipem Wind2Sub will be described more thoroughly in the present paper through the explanation of the results achieved within the case studies.
Reports on the topic "Export demand screening"
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.