Academic literature on the topic 'Export demand identification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Export demand identification"
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Palaniswamy, K. M., and Usha R. Palaniswamy. "Production Strategies for Successful Cultivation of Asian Vegetable Crops." HortTechnology 11, no. 4 (January 2001): 514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.4.514.
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There is an amazing variety of Asian vegetables that, even today, are largely unknown in the United States. However, as Asian populations increase in numbers and diversity, local demand has increased and opened up opportunities to identify suitable crops for successful cultivation and possible export of these vegetables back to Asian countries. Production strategies for successful cultivation of Asian vegetable crops include the identification of suitable species; access to genetic material and germplasm collections; evaluation of imported genotypes; development of technologies, skills, and resources to collect production data; monitoring of the risks from pests and diseases; identification of new pests and pest management techniques; and organization of research on postharvest handling, packaging, and transport for a wide range of products to meet the consumer demands.
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Ghimire, Suresh K., Bandana Awasthi, Santhosh Rana, Hum Kala Rana, Rameshwar Bhattarai, and Dipesh Pyakurel. "Export of medicinal and aromatic plant materials from Nepal." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 10 (November 1, 2016): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v10i0.21020.
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Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been identified as one of the potential high value commodities in Nepal with huge prospects for economic development. However, data about MAP consumption, volumes of trade and levels of demand are inadequate. In Nepal, there is a general lack of reliable trade data that constrains the estimation of total amount of MAPs in trade. This study aims to assess current trends in volume and value of MAP commodities exported from Nepal and identify the major destination countries. We mainly used formal trade data of Nepalese MAP products over the last 10 years (2005 to 2014) from the repository of UN COMTRADE database accessed via TRADE MAP. Results indicated that the export value of MAP products increased from USD 27.49 million in 2005 to USD 60.09 million in 2014 (mean for the last 10 years being USD 39.34 million) and this increment is primarily due to increase in price, as the trade volume follows decreasing trend over the same periods. The average annual export amount of Nepalese MAP products for the last 10 years has been calculated to be 13.23 thousand tons (range 10.77–20.25 thousand tons). The rise in export value of MAP products indicates increasing demand of MAPs globally. Nepalese MAP commodities were exported to almost 50 destinations. In terms of volume, India has been the major importer of MAP materials all these years. However, China stood top among the countries sharing high value to Nepalese MAP trade. The trade statistics show that, for the total trade value considering the MAP materials at broad category, the export of products (e.g., spices and flavors) other than listed in HS code 1211 should also be considered for appropriate valuation. Despite the decrease in trade amount, spices and flavors have fetched a gradually increasing price per unit volume which is apparent by the fact that these herbs have ever increasing market demand. Nepal can reap maximum benefit from growing international demand of MAPs given that Government impose strict check in borders to minimize the underestimation, train concerned authorities in proper identification of MAPs products and help to develop species-specific 8- and 10-digit HS Codes for proper documentation of imports and exports of MAPs products.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 24–32
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Salamaga, Marcin. "Segmentation of markets in Central and Eastern Europe with the use of the CMS method." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 64, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8525.
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The paper aims at making a comparative analysis of the Central and Eastern European countries in the scope of effects accompanying changes in their export. The Eurostat’s data for 2016 were used in the study. The effects of changes in export of individual countries were separated based on the Constant Market Share (CMS) model developed by Leamer and Stern. The calculated effectssuch as: demand effect, market distribution effect, commodity composition effect and competitiveness effect enabled a detailed assessment of the sources of changes occurring in export of individual countries. They allowed, in particular, for answeringthe following question: to what extent may changes in export be explained by the economic situation in the world commodity trade of individual clustersand to what extent do they result from the competitiveness of these countries? The application of the multivariate statistical analysis method for the selected effects allowed for the identification of clusters of countries with the most similar position in the spatial and commodity arrangement, including countries of similar trade competitiveness.
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Ivanova, Svetlana V., and Artyom V. Latyshov. "Trade of the EAEU Countries in Agricultural Products: Trends, Conflicts, Factors." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-4-120-134.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of domestic and foreign trade of the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU) of agri-food products; identification and assessment of current trends, growth factors and imbalances in the light of efforts to create a unified agricultural policy of the member States of the Union. It is determined that Russia's successful implementation of the priority project «Export of agricultural products» contributed to the increase in grain exports to third countries in spite of the limited effective demand within the EAEU. The largest contribution to exports within the five countries, especially in terms of livestock products, makes Belarus with a significant negative balance of its trade in agricultural products with countries outside the Union. The free trade agreement with Vietnam stimulates export from Russia with mainly wheat, which strengthens its position as a source of agricultural raw materials without shifting the focus to products of deep processing. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that agriculture is officially recognized as a strategic industry, and food security is an integral part of the national security of the country. It is of interest to study the formation of a single agricultural market within the EAEU and the realities of foreign trade with third countries.
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Wright, Dominie. "How the misidentification of a pathogen can cause an emergency response – a real life case study of an Australian grain export incident." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12029.
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In February 2004, a shipment of Australian wheat was rejected by an importing country that alleged the grain contained ustilospores of Tilletia indica. This allegation caused all wheat trading and shipments from Australia to be stopped. At this time, Australian wheat was worth A$4 billion and provided 14% of the world's export demand. How did this misidentification occur? And why is correct identification of pathogens so important when trading with other countries?
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Lepa, Tatyana. "Problematic Issues and Organization of the Fight against Illegal Export of Capital to Offshore Zones." Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(1).71-78.
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In modern conditions, world power structures are actively looking for effective ways to minimize the risks posed by criminal schemes related to the withdrawal of capital to offshore zones. These wrongful acts have adverse economic consequences both for individual countries and for the entire world economy. They facilitate laundering of criminal money and prevent anonymous identification of sources of income for smugglers who illegally move illicit substances, drugs and weapons across borders. The article defines the notion and gives a brief history of the emergence of offshore zones and the reasons for their being in demand in the modern world. Real examples of illegal export of capital from Russia abroad are given, as well as some statistical data in dynamics on the number of cases identified and initiated by the Russian customs office. Legislative initiatives aimed at minimizing losses from criminal currency export schemes and motivating persons to return previously exported funds have been analysed. World trends in the organization of control and fight against illegal export of funds to offshore zones, also in order to prevent financing of terrorism, are considered. Options for solving problematic issues in this sphere are proposed.
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Cárdenas, Juan Carlos Sierra, Carolina Gómez Rodríguez, Edgar Emilio Sánchez Buendía, and Maribel Pinilla Rivera. "Viabilidad financiera para la producción y exportación de gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) hacia el mercado español." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 14, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol14_num1_art:266.
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<p>Se determinó la viabilidad financiera para la producción y exportación de gulupa (<em>Passiflora edulis </em>Sims) hacia el mercado español, involucrando aspectos ambientales, técnicos y económicos. Se presentan las diferentes alternativas de producción de la gulupa, el proceso de comercialización y la exportación a España, fundamentadas en métodos de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio que implicaron la caracterización, identificación y diagnóstico situacional. Adicionalmente, se analizaron los comportamientos del mercado, los hábitos de consumo de los españoles, importaciones y exportaciones, y las relaciones económicas y políticas entre los dos países. De esta forma se encontraron las potencialidades de la gulupa, los costos que implican la construcción del cultivo y los beneficios financieros que tendría el productor al cosechar gulupa de calidad exportable, que satisfagan la demanda del mercado español. Lo anterior sustentado por la viabilidad financiera que alcanza después de recuperar el capital invertido y cubrir el costo de oportunidad, así como su recuperación de la inversión inicial en el sexto año.</p><p><strong>Financial viability for the production of gulupa (<em>Passiflora edulis </em>Sims) and for its exportation to the Spanish market</strong></p><p>This article establishes the financial viability for the production and export of gulupa (<em>Passiflora edulis </em>Sims) to the Spanish market, including environmental, technical and economic elements. Several alternatives are presented for gulupa production, the marketing process and export to Spain, based on descriptive and exploratory methods that involved the characterization, identification and situational analysis. Additionally, we analyzed the behavior of the market, the consumption habits in Spanish, imports and exports, and economic and political relations between the two countries. By this approach it was possible to find the potential of gulupa production, the costs involved in crop development and the financial benefits it obtain by the gulupa producer to export quality products that meet Spanish market demand. This financial viability is met by reaching the invested capital recovering and to cover the opportunity cost as well as recovery of the initial investment in the sixth year.</p>
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Mohany, Nurul Amira Mohammad, Alessandra Totti, Keith R. Naylor, and Harald Janovjak. "Microbial methionine transporters and biotechnological applications." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 10 (April 30, 2021): 3919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11307-w.
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Abstract Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid with commercial value in animal feed, human nutrition, and as a chemical precursor. Microbial production of Met has seen intensive investigation towards a more sustainable alternative to the chemical synthesis that currently meets the global Met demand. Indeed, efficient Met biosynthesis has been achieved in genetically modified bacteria that harbor engineered enzymes and streamlined metabolic pathways. Very recently, the export of Met as the final step during its fermentative production has been studied and optimized, primarily through identification and expression of microbial Met efflux transporters. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on four families of Met export and import transporters that have been harnessed for the production of Met and other valuable biomolecules. These families are discussed with respect to their function, gene regulation, and biotechnological applications. We cover methods for identification and characterization of Met transporters as the basis for the further engineering of these proteins and for exploration of other solute carrier families. The available arsenal of Met transporters from different species and protein families provides blueprints not only for fermentative production but also synthetic biology systems, such as molecular sensors and cell-cell communication systems. Key points • Sustainable production of methionine (Met) using microbes is actively explored. • Met transporters of four families increase production yield and specificity. • Further applications include other biosynthetic pathways and synthetic biology.
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Ibrahim, Kabiru Hannafi, Dyah Wulan Sari, and Rossanto Dwi Handoyo. "Nigeria-China Bilateral Trade Relations: Is There Market Opportunities in China?" Intermestic: Journal of International Studies 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v4n2.3.
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This study used normalized revealed sectoral comparative advantage, import demand share, growth identification and facilitation framework to identify market opportunities for Nigeria in the Chinese markets over the period 1988-2017. Our findings revealed that Nigeria has a steady and long-term comparative advantage in few commodities and there is limited scope for Nigeria to improve on its balance of trade due to limited export potentials. Furthermore, sixteen market opportunities were identified, out of which fourteen are stable and growing markets. Our findings also revealed that these market opportunities can't all be meet by Nigeria, as these commodities were not exportable due to poor competitive position and highly capital-intensive nature of the commodities. These findings are not only relevant to academics but also for policy making.
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Rodriguez, Pablo, Juan Camilo Henao, Guillermo Correa, and Ana Aristizabal. "Identification of Harvest Maturity Indicators for ‘Hass’ Avocado Adaptable to Field Conditions." HortTechnology 28, no. 6 (December 2018): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04025-18.
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‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit in high demand in international markets, and Colombia is expanding its export to the United States. Avocado quality and shelf life are related to its harvest time. However, there is not enough information on harvest indicators in Colombia that allow producers to adequately harvest fruit to comply with market requirements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate maturity indicators during two harvest periods. We harvested fruit between the years 2016 and 2017 in eight farms distributed in three regions of the Department of Antioquia, Colombia, and selected those in the postanthesis stages. We assessed variables such as fruit color, weight, dimensions, oil content (OC), and dry matter (DM). The results were analyzed using simple and multiple regressions as well as by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a high linear relation between DM and OC (R2 ≥ 78.88) and a significant relation between OC, rainfall, fruit development time, and environmental temperature. Nondestructive indicators that allow the establishment of DM in the field (R2 ≥ 73.57) varied according to the region and included fruit color (L*, b*), volume (P ≤ 0.05), and fruit development time. These indicators could reduce maturity heterogeneity during the harvest period.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Export demand identification"
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Gould, Richard Robert, and RichardGould@ozemail com au. "International market selection-screening technique: replacing intuition with a multidimensional framework to select a short-list of countries." RMIT University. Social Science & Planning, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081125.145312.
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The object of this research was to develop an international market screening methodology which selects highly attractive markets, allowing for the ranges in diversity amongst organisations, countries and products. Conventional business thought is that, every two to five years, dynamic organisations which conduct business internationally should decide which additional foreign market or markets to next enter. If they are internationally inexperienced, this will be their first market; if they are experienced, it might be, say, their 100th market. How should each organisation select their next international market? One previous attempt has been made to quantitatively test which decision variables, and what weights, should be used when choosing between the 230 countries of the world. The literature indicate that a well-informed selection decision could consider over 150 variables that measure aspects of each foreign market's economic, political, legal, cultural, technical and physical environments. Additionally, attributes of the organisation have not been considered when selecting the most attractive short-list of markets. The findings presented in the dissertation are that 30 criteria accounted for 95 per cent of variance at cross-classification rates of 95 per cent. The weights of each variable, and the markets selected statistically as being the most attractive, were found to vary with the capabilities, goals and values of the organisation. This frequently means that different countries will be best for different organisations selling the same product. A
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Callison, Myrna. "Identification, Evaluation and Control of Physically Demanding Patient-Handling Tasks in an Acute Care Facility." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26561.
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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are prevalent among health care workers worldwide and underreporting among nurses may mask the true impact of these injuries. Nursing staff are consistently among the top 10 occupations at risk for experiencing WMSDs and patient-handling tasks are the precipitating event in the majority of back injuries experienced among nursing staff.
Existing research has focused on patient-handling issues within long-term care facilities, and identifying physically demanding patient-handling tasks. The first study in this dissertation (Chapter 3) was conducted to determine whether nurses in acute care facilities are exposed to the same hazards as their cohorts in long-term care. The aim was to identify the top 10 patient-handling tasks being conducted and to rank these tasks by perceived physical demand. This two-phase study consisted of a procedural task analysis of patient-handling activities, and a questionnaire to identify the characteristics of the study population and obtain a ranking of physically demanding patient-handling tasks. All nurses providing direct inpatient care were recruited to participate in both phases of this study. Compared to long-term care facilities, in which the majority of tasks have been shown to be associated with performance of ADL tasks, the most frequently observed tasks in the acute care facility were repositioning tasks. Therefore, it is important to determine the patient-handling demands and needs that are unique to each type of healthcare facility. Generalizing across facilities or units may lead to incorrect assumptions and conclusions about physical demands being placed on nurses.
A laboratory simulation was used for the second study (Chapter 4). The top four physically demanding patient-handling tasks (taken from Chapter 3) were simulated to determine the effect of an assistive device and assistance from another person. Sixteen nurse volunteers were recruited and provided perceptual responses regarding exertion and injury risk. Nurses perceived that assistance decreased their physical exertion and injury risk; however they consistently perceived exertion to be relatively higher than their injury risk.
The aim of the third study (Chapter 5) was to determine the level of agreement between and within different expert groups. Three groups of participants were involved, with different levels of ergonomics expertise (i.e. researchers, consultants, and graduate students). These groups viewed digitized video clips from the laboratory simulation (Chapter 4) and provided ratings of perceived exertion, perceived injury risk and common WMSD risk factors (effort, posture, and speed). The major finding from this study was that poor agreement existed between nurses and the other expert groups (researchers, consultants and students).
The current research laid the groundwork for measuring the magnitude of physical exposure to injury risk in the patient-handling environment. The research supports earlier evidence that suggests nurses underreport their discomfort and injury, which, in turn, contributes to increased exposure and risk. This knowledge will enable practitioners to focus interventions and designs on those factors in the work environment that contribute significantly to increased exposure and thereby more effectively reduce WMSD risk.Ph. D.
Books on the topic "Export demand identification"
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Coe, Caiti. The New American Servitude. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479831012.001.0001.
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In our contemporary period of human mobility and global capitalism, political identifications are being configured in multiple sites beyond the nation-state. The book’s theoretical innovation is to analyze what happens at work in terms of larger processes of political belonging. In particular, it examines how the recognitions and reciprocities entailed by care work affect the political belonging of new African migrants in the United States. Care for America’s growing seniors is increasingly provided by migrants, and it is only expected to grow, as experts in health care anticipate a care crunch. Because of the demand for elder care and the low barriers to entry, new African immigrants have adopted elder care as a niche employment sector. However, elder care puts care workers into racialized, gendered and age hierarchies, and made it difficult to achieve social and economic mobility. Through working in elder care, African care workers see the United States as uninhabitable, in the sense that it does not reciprocate their labor and makes a respected personhood impossible. This book highlights a more complex process of racialization and incorporation for Black immigrants than is commonly posited.
Book chapters on the topic "Export demand identification"
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Karegowda, Asha Gowda, Devika G., and Geetha M. "Deep Learning Solutions for Agricultural and Farming Activities." In Deep Learning Applications and Intelligent Decision Making in Engineering, 256–87. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2108-3.ch011.
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The continuously growing population throughout globe demands an ample food supply, which is one of foremost challenge of smart agriculture. Timely and precise identification of weeds, insects, and diseases in plants are necessary for increased crop yield to satisfy demand for sufficient food supply. With fewer experts in this field, there is a need to develop an automated system for predicting yield, detection of weeds, insects, and diseases in plants. In addition to plants, livestock such as cattle, pigs, and chickens also contribute as major food. Hence, livestock demands precision methods for reducing the mortality rate of livestock by identifying diseases in livestock. Deep learning is one of the upcoming technologies that when combined with image processing promises smart agriculture to be a reality. Various applications of DL for smart agriculture are covered.
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Dhanani, Jenish, Rupa G. Mehta, Dipti P. Rana, Rahul Lad, Amogh Agrawal, Karan Chevli, and Jashwanth Gummula Reddy. "Indian Judgment Categorization for Practicing Similar Judgment Identification." In Data Preprocessing, Active Learning, and Cost Perceptive Approaches for Resolving Data Imbalance, 232–41. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7371-6.ch013.
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Recently, legal information retrieval has emerged as an essential practice for the legal fraternity. In the legal domain, judgment is a specific kind of legal document, which discusses case-related information and the verdict of a court case. In the common law system, the legal professionals exploit relevant judgments to prepare arguments. Hence, an automated system is a vital demand to identify similar judgments effectively. The judgments can be broadly categorized into civil and criminal cases, where judgments with similar case matters can have strong relevance compared to judgments with different case matters. In similar judgment identification, categorized judgments can significantly prune search space by restrictive search within a specific case category. So, this chapter provides a novel methodology that classifies Indian judgments in either of the case matter. Crucial challenges like imbalance and intrinsic characteristics of legal data are also highlighted specific to similarity analysis of Indian judgments, which can be a motivating aspect to the research community.
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Hyatt, Kim J., Jessica L. Barron, and Michaela A. Noakes. "Video Gaming for STEM Education." In Cases on E-Learning Management, 103–17. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1933-3.ch005.
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Therefore, this chapter will explore the vast world of video games and the opportunities for instructors to incorporate them into lesson planning. The basis of this empirical work is to align the guiding principles of STEM with the identification of accessible games, based upon learning principles and assessment strategies. The challenge for 21st century educators will be how to bridge the gap between the traditional development of skill sets to meet workforce demands in a dynamically changing global economy that simultaneously creates employees who are capable of innovation, collaboration, and deep critical thinking.
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"Requirements Elicitation for Personalized ERP Systems." In Organizational Advancements through Enterprise Information Systems, 46–56. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-968-7.ch004.
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For small and medium-sized companies the fit between their business processes and their Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a critical success factor. The functions and features for essential tasks must be geared to the demands and skills of the individual users. This paper reports on the usefulness of several methods for eliciting user input which served as a basis for requirements for a personalized ERP system. It describes the yield of heuristic evaluations, both by experts and by developers, and a focus group with six users representing the main user types. The focus group consisted of an identification of the most important functions, task demonstrations, and a mini design workshop. As a demonstration of the results of the various user-focused methods, some noteworthy findings on the personalization of ERP systems are presented.
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Tyagi, Archana. "Virtual Reality and Identity Crisis—." In Business Organizations and Collaborative Web, 202–18. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-581-0.ch013.
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Identity has become one of the single most important issues for human development and adjustment in today’s turbulent times. Virtual world is changing the interface of identification and communication. Virtual reality has recently emerged as an effective tool to extend a healing space for an alternative identity. The focus of this chapter is on the challenges faced by the young generation, which is struggling to understand its “identity.” The exploration of identity in such virtual environments may be a search for a ‘unitary’ construct about the self (Erikson, 1968). In this paper, the concept of “identity” and “identity crisis” and the potential challenges identified in the real and virtual world are discussed at length. In today’s world people are pulled in different directions, thanks to the different kinds of societal demands from family, friends and society. It becomes difficult to find a uniqueness of one’s self and yet able to fulfill the norms and parameters set up by the society. Respect for diversity of self would go a long way in allowing people to be “uniquely themselves” while belonging to a community. Healthy “crisis” or exploration can afford people the opportunity to knowledgeably investigate choices in which there is positive meaning with regard to where they have come from, where they presently exist, and where they envision their future to be (International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, 2008). An attempt to explore the identity management and identity statuses has also been made to understand “real” and “virtual reality.” Identity crisis and psychosocial moratorium’s linkage (Erikson, 1963) to virtual reality have also been touched upon. An understanding of organizational identity with the individual identity.
Conference papers on the topic "Export demand identification"
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Xie, Shuyi, Shaohua Dong, and Guangyu Zhang. "Identification of Key Factors of Fire Risk of Oil Depot Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93125.
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Abstract With the rapid development of the national economy, the demand for oil is increasing. In order to meet the increasing energy demand, China has established a number of oil depot in recent years, whose largest capacity reaching up to tens of millions of cubic meters. Due to the flammable and explosive nature of the stored medium, the risk of fire in the oil depot area has increased dramatically as the tank capacity of the storage tank area has increased. The intensification of the oil depot and the development of large-scale oil storage tanks have brought convenience to the national oil depot, but also brought many catastrophic consequences. In recent years, there have been many fires and explosions in the oil depot, causing major casualties and property losses, which seriously endangered the ecological environment and public safety. Based on the constructed oil depot fire risk index system, the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) and fuzzy maximum support tree clustering algorithm is introduced. Through the two fuzzy clustering mathematical models, key factors in the established index system are identified. Firstly, the expert scoring method is used to evaluate the indicators in the oil depot fire risk index system, and the importance degree evaluation matrix of oil depot fire risk factors is constructed through the fuzzy analysis of expert comments. Then, the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) and the fuzzy clustering tree algorithm are used to cluster the various risk indicators, and the key factors of the oil depot fire risk are identified. Through the comparative analysis and cross-validation of the results of the two fuzzy clustering methods, the accuracy of the recognition results is ensured. Finally, using an oil depot as a case study, it is found that passive fire prevention capability and emergency rescue capability are key factors that need to be paid attention to in the oil depot fire risk index. The fuzzy clustering algorithm used in this paper can digitize the subjective comments of experts, thus reducing the influence of human subjective factors. In addition, by using two fuzzy clustering algorithms to analyze and verify the key factors of the oil depot fire risk, the reliability of the clustering results is guaranteed. The identification of key factors can enable managers to predict high-risk factors in advance in the fire risk prevention and control process of the oil depot, so as to adopt corresponding preventive measures to minimize the fire risk in the oil depot, and ensure the safety of the operation of the oil depot.
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Cozzarin, Philippe, Robert Brooks, Bret Dalton, Eric Kaufman, and Kenneth Leary. "Safety Loops Identification and Targeting Method Compliant With IEC61511 Requirements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27939.
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Safety Instrumented Systems are used in gas turbine (GT) systems design to mitigate potential hazardous situations that can arise from process deviations. International standard IEC61511, (released in 2003) sets out an approach for establishing the relative safety integrity of a safety-instrumented system to perform its prescribed action over the product life cycle (design, installation, and operation of safety instrumented systems). This unified approach is currently being adopted as an industry standard (e.g. UK HSE Guidance Note PM84 and ISO DIS 21789 dedicated to Gas Turbine Safety). Using this approach, each Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) must be evaluated to determine the level of risk reduction required for safe operation of the plant. Properly targeting the necessary level of risk reduction is critical. Underestimating the target risk reduction level can result in exceeding the plant tolerable risk threshold. Over-estimating the target risk reduction level can result in increased life cycle cost of the system design. This paper describes a scientific-numeric approach for targeting the safety integrity requirements that comply with IEC 61511. An Accident Scenario Review (ASR) for each major hazard identified is used to identify the SIF and associated maximum probability of failure on demand (for demand mode) or maximum probability of dangerous failure per hour (for continuous mode). This method can be used for systems previously designed or in operation. The process integrates field experience to validate and justify model assumptions.
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Zhou, Yuqing, and Kazuhiro Saitou. "Identification of Manufacturability Constraints Through Process Simulation and Data Mining." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34542.
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With continued demands on high-quality and low-cost products, designers are increasingly required to explore the use of new materials and manufacturing processes. The design for manufacturability rules for unconventional materials and processes will be of great value to improve component manufacturability. Instead of going through years of trial-and-error practice to gain some “rule of thumb” design guidelines, this paper proposed a knowledge-based computational method for manufacturability constraint modeling (MCM) through process simulation, design of experiment, and data mining. With the input of geometric attributes for local critical features of a component, the pre-trained manufacturability constraint model will output the manufacturability prediction and the confidence of the prediction. The 2D visualization of the manufacturability prediction facilitates the interpretation by the human designers, and provides her with concurrent and intuitive manufacturability feedback and directed re-design suggestions. The preliminary result on mild steel stamping process demonstrated the feasibility of the method.
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Ren, Weiju, David Cebon, and Steven M. Arnold. "Effective Materials Property Information Management for the 21st Century." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77314.
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This paper discusses key principles for the development of materials property information management software systems. There are growing needs for automated materials information management in various organizations. In part these are fuelled by the demands for higher efficiency in material testing, product design and engineering analysis. But equally important, organizations are being driven by the need for consistency, quality and traceability of data, as well as control of access to sensitive information such as proprietary data. Further, the use of increasingly sophisticated nonlinear, anisotropic and multi-scale engineering analyses requires both processing of large volumes of test data for development of constitutive models and complex materials data input for Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) software. And finally, the globalization of economy often generates great needs for sharing a single “gold source” of materials information between members of global engineering teams in extended supply-chains. Fortunately, material property management systems have kept pace with the growing user demands and evolved to versatile data management systems that can be customized to specific user needs. The more sophisticated of these provide facilities for: (i) data management functions such as access, version, and quality controls; (ii) a wide range of data import, export and analysis capabilities; (iii) data “pedigree” traceability mechanisms; (iv) data searching, reporting and viewing tools; and (v) access to the information via a wide range of interfaces. In this paper the important requirements for advanced material data management systems, future challenges and opportunities such as automated error checking, data quality characterization, identification of gaps in datasets, as well as functionalities and business models to fuel database growth and maintenance are discussed.
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Trappey, Charles V., Hsin-Ying Wu, Fataneh Taghaboni-Dutta, and Amy J. C. Trappey. "China RFID Patent Analysis." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84168.
Full textAbstract:
China is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and consumers of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. Current estimates show that China will need over 3 billion RFID tags to satisfy demand in the year 2009. The applications for RFID patents have spread across a very diverse range of inventions and in the future it is likely that most products manufactured in China will contain an RFID tag. China’s RFID industry has grown along with the demand and researchers are making significant technological advances. In this research, patent data from the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China (SIPO) have been used to explore RFID technology development and its trends. Patent abstracts containing the key word and phrase ‘RFID’ and ‘Radio Frequency Identification’ were collected for analysis, content extraction, and clustering. In total, 1,389 patents from the SIPO database covering the years 1995 to 2008 were retrieved and archived for analysis. Patents provide exclusive rights and legal protection for inventors, play an important role in the development and fair diffusion of technology, and contain detailed specifications necessary to define and protect the boundaries of an invention. Through patent analysis, companies monitor the development of technology and evaluate the position of potential competitors in the market. This research applies patent content analysis to map and interpret the current trends of RFID technology development in China. A patent content clustering method is used to cluster different patent documents into homogenous groups, and then technology forecasting is applied to evaluate possible market opportunities for future inventors and investors. The results suggest that the cluster called RFID wireless communication devices has entered the saturation stage and thus provides limited opportunity for development. Four other clusters; RFID concepts and applications, RFID architecture, RFID tracking implementation, and RFID transmission apparatus, have entered the mature stage. The RFID frequency and waves cluster appears to be in early growth stage with good development potential. Since the technology related to basic RFID concepts and devices has reached a mature stage in China, the research and development seems to be targeting the improvement of the RFID frequencies and waves as a means to develop more reliable RFID systems and applications.
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Molcho, Gila, Ronit Schneor, Yaron Zipori, Pawel Kowalsi, Berend Denkena, and Moshe Shpitalni. "Computer Aided Manufacturability Analysis Closing the CAD-CAM Knowledge Gap." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59280.
Full textAbstract:
Due to rising demands in efficiency of design and manufacturing of industrial products, collaboration and exchange between designers and process planners is a permanent challenge. In an industrial survey carried out as part of this research, all participants emphasized the lack of collaboration and cooperation between designers and process planners. Although evolving CAD, CAM, CAPP and PLM tools provide the backbone for such cooperation and collaboration, additional structured supporting tools and processes are still required. This paper presents a holistic approach and supporting software tools for closing the knowledge gap and capitalizing on available manufacturability knowledge. Two complementary tools have been developed and implemented to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of product and process design. The first is CAMA (Computer Aided Manufacturability Analysis), a system for capturing available “know how” and providing designers easy and effective insight regarding the manufacturability of their design. The system has been designed to facilitate upstream manufacturability validation and identification of areas of a design that are difficult, expensive or impossible to machine. The second tool is a process plan evaluator expert system tool capable of evaluating alternative process plans. The insight enabled by the evaluation is then also fed back to the designer and to CAMA, thus further initiating organizational learning.
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Prause, Juliane, Berthold Noll, Manfred Aigner, and Khawar Syed. "Sensitivity Analysis of Autoignition Simulation at Gas Turbine Operating Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25503.
Full textAbstract:
The demand to reduce CO2 emissions favors the use of alternative hydrogen-rich fuels, which can stem from pre-combustion carbon capture or power-to-gas technologies. These fuels are characterized by a higher reactivity and reduced ignition delay time compared to natural gas. Therefore, current combustor designs need to be adapted to the new requirements. Numerical modeling greatly assists the further development of such systems. The present study aims to determine how far a sophisticated combustion CFD method is able to predict autoignition at real engine conditions. Scale-resolving computations of autoignition were performed at elevated pressure (15 bar) and intermediate temperatures (> 1000 K). The conditions are similar to those occurring in premixing ducts of reheat combustors. A nitrogen-diluted hydrogen jet is injected perpendicularly into a stream of hot vitiated air. The scale-adaptive simulation method (SAS) as proposed by Menter and co-workers has been applied. The chemistry is captured by direct inclusion of detailed kinetics. Subgrid fluctuations of temperature and species are considered by an assumed probability density function (PDF) approach. The results are compared with appropriate experimental reference data. The focus of the present work is set on the identification of the major sources of uncertainty in the simulation of autoignition. Despite the very challenging operating conditions, satisfactory agreements could be obtained within experimental uncertainties.
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Dejmek, Kimberly A., and Ken A. Wehrman. "The Assignment of SIL Targets to Overpressure Protection in Reactive Systems." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3022.
Full textAbstract:
The assignment of performance targets, or target Safety Integrity Levels (SILs), is a critical step in the application of the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) standards, i.e., ANSI/ISA S84.0.01-1996, IEC 61508 and IEC61511. Although the SIL is a key concept in the implementation of the standards, the development and application of a method for determining the target SIL has been left to the owner/operator. The standards do, however, provide guidance on this topic and present a number of techniques that can be considered, including risk matrix, risk graph, and Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA). Generally, the methods for SIL assignment are qualitative or semi-quantitative risk assessment methods that are based upon the judgments of an assignment team. In most cases the methods based on expert opinion and limited historical data are adequate. However, in the case of overpressure protection for reactive systems, the number and complexity of the scenarios often overwhelms these simplified approaches. There are warning signs that can aid in the identification of cases where the simplified methods may break down and provide non-conservative results. In cases such as this, a quantitative assessment should be conducted to evaluate the likelihood of SIF demands, the risk reduction supplied by the other protection layers, with the aim of determining the risk reduction required from the instrumented overpressure protection system.
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Ruiz, O. E., and P. M. Ferreira. "Geometric Reasoning in the Analysis of Assemblies and Mechanisms." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0233.
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Abstract Geometric Reasoning ability is central to many applications in CAD / CAM / CAPP environments. An increasing demand exists for Geometric Reasoning systems which evaluate the feasibility of virtual scenes specified by geometric relations. Thus, the Geometric Constraint Satisfaction or Scene Feasibility (GCS/SF) problem consists of a basic scenario containing geometric entities, whose context is used to propose constraining relations among still undefined entities. If the constraint specification is consistent, the answer of the problem is one of finitely or infinitely many solution scenarios satisfying the prescribed constraints. Otherwise, a diagnostic of inconsistency is expected. The three main approaches used for this problem are numerical, procedural or operational and mathematical. Numerical and procedural approaches answer only part of the problem, and are not complete in the sense that a failure to provide an answer does not preclude the existence of one. The mathematical approach previously presented by the authors describes the problem using a set of polynomial equations. The common roots to this set of polynomials characterizes the solution space for such a problem. That work presents the use of Grobner basis techniques for verifying the consistency of the constraints. It also integrates subgroups of the Special Euclidean Group of Displacements SE(3) in the problem formulation to exploit the structure implied by geometric relations. Although theoretically sound, these techniques require large amounts of computing resources. This work proposes Divide-and-Conquer techniques applied to local GCS/SF subproblems to identify strongly constrained clusters of geometric entities. The identification and preprocessing of these clusters generally reduces the effort required in solving the overall problem. Cluster identification can be related to identifying short cycles in the Spatial Constraint graph for the GCS/SF problem. Their preprocessing uses the aforementioned Algebraic Geometry and Group theoretical techniques on the local GCS/SF problems that correspond to these cycles. Besides improving the efficiency of the solution approach, the Divide-and-Conquer techniques capture the physical essence of the problem. This is illustrated by applying the discussed techniques to the analysis of the degrees of freedom of mechanisms.
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Ito, Hiroshi. "Identification of Metal Temperature Distribution in Steam Turbine During Start-Up Operation Using Particle Filter and Model Order Reduction." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90727.
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Abstract In steam turbines (STs), evaluation technology of thermal deformations during transient operations is increasingly important, because of a demand for improvement of operability such as shortening startup time. However, it is still difficult to predict temperatures of metal parts with sufficient accuracy due to complexity of heat transfer phenomena. The present study puts its focus on developing a method to identify metal temperatures of STs during start-up operations using particle filter (PF), a kind of sequential Bayesian filter utilizing ensemble approximation, and model order reduction (MOR) technique. In this method, a self-organizing state-space model is used to calculate time evaluations of metal temperatures, and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) parameters and steam bulk temperature parameters. And an optimal estimate of these is obtained through iterations of a short-time prediction and a correction of variables using measured temperatures. In this state-space model, state variables including HTC and bulk temperature parameters are treated as random variables, and the time evolution of each variable is modeled as follows; (1) Metal temperature is modeled using a reduced order model (ROM) in order to reduce computational time of PF. The ROM is constructed from a finite element model for unsteady heat transfer analysis using MOR technique. (2) HTC is modeled as a random walk model where its changes during one time step is randomly determined using Gaussian noise. Here, the magnitude of this noise is adjusted automatically. (3) Bulk temperature is modeled using prediction formulas with Gaussian noise added. As a validation problem, a cold start-up operation of a ST unit of a gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) is considered. The proposed method is applied to the problem, and boundary conditions (BCs) are identified using measured temperatures at 68 measurement points. Then, the heat transfer analysis based on finite element analysis (FEA) is performed using the identified BCs. As a result of this FEA, it is confirmed that the calculated metal temperature tends to agree better with measurements compared with that of initial FEA, and that the errors of the calculated temperature at measurement points reduce by 41% on average compared with initial FEA. From this result, it is concluded that this proposed method is effective for metal temperature identification during start-up operations.
Reports on the topic "Export demand identification"
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.
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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.